Journal articles: 'Geochemistry – Oregon – Columbia County'

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Howard, Donald G. "Filiform ilmenite crystals from Lemolo Lake, Douglas County, Oregon." Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen 187, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0077-7757/2010/0163.

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Miller, Brian M., Robert J. Aitken, Michael J. Oldham, and Anton A. Reznicek. "Slender False Brome (Brachypodium sylvaticum, Poaceae), an Invasive Grass New to Ontario, Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 125, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v125i3.1226.

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Brachypodium sylvaticum, Slender False Brome, an invasive Eurasian grass, is reported for the first time in Ontario and eastern Canada from Grey County, southern Ontario. The only previous Canadian record is from Vancouver Island, British Columbia. The species is widespread in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, where it is spreading aggressively throughout much of western Oregon. In the eastern U.S.A., known populations are few and localized, although the species will likely spread.

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Steenland, N. C. "On: “A Case Study of Integrated Hydrocarbon Exploration Through Basalt,” by Robert Withers, Dwight Eggers, Thomas Fox, and Terry Crebs (November 1994 GEOPHYSICS 59, p 1666–1679)." GEOPHYSICS 61, no. 3 (May 1996): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444016.

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This paper describes geophysical exploration in northern Oregon, an area covered by the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) on the surface. Obtaining geophysical results through these basalts is a major problem. Magnetic, gravity, seismic, MT and subsurface data are utilized.

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Goulet, Henri. "The Genera and Species of the Nearctic Dolerini (Symphyta: Tenthredinidae: Selandriinae): Classification and Phylogeny." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 118, S135 (1986): 5–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm118135fv.

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AbstractThe Dolerini consist of two genera (Dolerus Panzer and Prionourgus Goulet). Prionourgus consists of one species. Dolerus is subdivided into one species group and seven subgenera (nitens group, Neodolerus Goulet, Achaetoprion Goulet, Oncodolerus Goulet, Loderus Konow, Dicrodolerus Goulet, Dolerus s. str. Panzer, and Dosytheus Leach), and consists of 72 Nearctic species.Described as new are one genus [Prionourgus (type species: Dolerus salmani Ross)], four subgenera [Neodolerus (type species: Dolerus sericeus Say), Achaetoprion (type species: Dosytheus maculicollis Norton), Dicrodolerus (type species: Dosytheus apricus Norton), and Oncodolerus (type species: Loderus acidus MacGillivray)], 23 species [Dolerus abstrusus (type locality: Moose Factory, Ontario), Dolerus acer (type locality: Merritt Creek, Klamath County, Oregon), Dolerus aeneiceps (type locality: Robson, British Columbia), Dolerus alutaceus (type locality: Seymour, Illinois), Dolerus californicus (type locality: 1 mi. E Emigrant Gap, Placer County, California), Dolerus columbianus (type locality: Robson, British Columbia), Dolerus comatus (type locality: Pullman, Washington), Dolerus crinitus (type locality: Forestville, California), Dolerus decussatus (type locality: Chaffeys Locks, Ontario), Dolerusfaber (type locality, 25.5 mi. W Lakeview, Oregon), Dolerusfalcatus (type locality: Cheltenham, Pennsylvania), Dolerus fulgens (type locality: Huntingdon, Pennsylvania), Dolerus hebes (type locality: Marmora, Ontario), Dolerus incisus (type locality: Reindeer Depot, Northwest Territories), Dolerus inermis (type locality: Moscow, Idaho), Dolerus interior (type locality: Pullman, Washington), Dolerus laevis (type locality: Glacier Point, Yosemite National Park, California), Dolerus maritimus (type locality: Chase Lake, Snohomish County, Washington), Dolerus mimus (type locality: Gatineau Park, Quebec), Dolerus recurvans (type locality: Strawberry, California), Dolerus rossi (type locality: Fredericton, New Brunswick), Dolerus tacoma (type locality: Mount Rainier, Washington), and Dolerus urustus (type locality: Tuscarora, Nevada)], and two subspecies [Dolerus elderi pacificus (type locality: Sumas Prairie, British Columbia) and Dolerus konowi glacialis (type locality: Yakutat, Alaska)]. A new name, Dolerus sayi, is proposed for D. collaris Say, a junior secondary homonym.Treatment of each taxon includes synonymic list, diagnostic combination, descriptions, taxonomic notes, origin of new epithet, host and/or habitat, geographic distribution, and notes on affinities. In addition, under each species there is a discussion of geographical variation. Important character states are illustrated and geographical distribution is mapped for all species. Relationships between species of Dolerini are reconstructed from the analysis of structural characters using principles of cladistic systematics. Finally a classification is proposed for higher taxa of the Dolerini based on the reconstructed phylogeny.

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Howard, Donald G., and Kent England. "New types of twinning in enstatite and pseudobrookite from Lemolo Lake, Douglas County, Oregon, USA." Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen 187, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0077-7757/2010/0164.

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Baker, Diana, Curt Peterson, Eileen Hemphill-Haley, and David Twichell. "Latest Pleistocene and Holocene (2–16ka) sedimentation in the Columbia River Estuary, Oregon, USA." Marine Geology 273, no. 1-4 (August 2010): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2010.02.005.

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Hamm, P. B., S. L. Gieck, N. L. David, and R. M. Hunger. "First Report of Soilborne wheat mosaic virus on Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Columbia Basin of Oregon." Plant Disease 91, no. 11 (November 2007): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-11-1513c.

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The Columbia Basin of Oregon consists of six counties (Gilliam, Hood River, Morrow, Sherman, Wasco, and Umatilla) and is the major wheat-producing region in the state. In 2005, these counties produced 300,277 ha of mostly fall-planted wheat. While primarily a dryland production area, wheat (approximately 8,094 ha) is also grown as a rotational crop under irrigation. Stunted and chlorotic winter wheat plants with leaves exhibiting a mosaic pattern consistent with that caused by Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) were observed in March 2005. These plants originated from four center-pivot irrigated fields in Umatilla County with each field approximately 50.6 ha. One-half of one field was planted with cv. Western Breeders 470 (WB470) and the other half with cv. Tubbs, while the three other fields were planted to Tubbs. In the split-planted field, symptoms were widespread in the WB470 half but only observed in low-lying areas planted with Tubbs. ELISA with a monoclonal antibody (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) confirmed the presence of SBWMV, which is transmitted by the soilborne organism Polymyxa graminis. Electron microscopy confirmed rigid, rod-shaped particles that were 19 nm wide and of two size classes, 138 to 222 and 416 to 471 nm long. Presence of SBWMV was further verified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using SBWMV RNA-2 specific primers (sense 5′-AAAGAGTCTIGCGTRTARCAYTC-3′ and antisense 5′-AACGGTGTTAGTAARYTRGGKGA-3′), which amplified the predicted 338-bp product from the coat protein gene (1). Additional positive samples were found in 2006 from fall-planted wheat cvs. WB 528 and MJ9 from two additional 50.6-ha fields in Umatilla County. In 2005, yield of WB470 in the split-planted field was reduced by approximately 15% compared with yields obtained in similar fields planted with WB470 not exhibiting symptoms. SBWMV has been reported previously in Oregon (2) but nearly 322 km to the west in an area that is not the major wheat-producing region in Oregon. Because of the apparent reduced susceptibility of Tubbs, which is an older cultivar, as compared with WB470, WB528, and MJ9, which are three new high-yielding cultivars, additional research is needed to identify the reaction to SBWMV of cultivars adapted for production in the Pacific Northwest, particularly if this disease becomes widely distributed in both irrigated and dryland production areas. References: (1) G. R. G. Clover et al. Plant Pathol. 50:761, 2001. (2) M. L. Putman et al. Plant Dis. 78:102, 1994.

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SHEAR, WILLIAM A., and SHAHAN DERKARABETIAN. "Nomenclatorial changes in Triaenonychidae: Sclerobunus parvus Roewer is a junior synonym of Paranonychus brunneus (Banks), Mutusnonychus Suzuki is a junior synonym of Paranonychus Briggs, and Kaolinonychinae Suzuki is a junior synonym of Paranonychinae Briggs (Opiliones: Triaenonychidae)." Zootaxa 1809, no. 1 (June 25, 2008): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1809.1.5.

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The harvestman species Sclerobunus parvus was described by Roewer (1931) from the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada. Some forty years later, Briggs (1971) revised the Triaenonychidae of North America, but missed including Roewer’s species, which had not been mentioned in the literature since its description. Briggs (1971) recognized two subfamilies in North America, Triaenonychinae Sørensen 1886 (Briggs attributed the subfamily name to Pocock, but according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Sørensen’s original proposal of the family name included the nominate subfamily) and Paranonychinae Briggs 1971. Paranonychinae included two new genera, Metanonychus Briggs 1971 and Paranonychus Briggs 1971. The latter genus was based on Sclerobunus brunneus Banks 1893, a commonly occurring species distributed from Clackamas County, Oregon, north to Atka Island, Alaska (Briggs 1971).

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SHELLEY, ROWLAND M. "A new polydesmid milliped genus and two new species from Oregon and Washington, U. S. A., with a review of Bidentogon Buckett and Gardner, 1968, and a summary of the family in Western North America (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae)." Zootaxa 296, no. 1 (September 16, 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.296.1.1.

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In North America west of the Continental Divide, the milliped family Polydesmidae consists of six genera and 15 species, and occupies eight disjunct areas. Retrorsia, n. gen., is proposed for two new “micro-polydesmid” species (R. leonardi, the type species, and R. benedictae) in western Oregon and Washington, primarily in the lower Columbia River Valley. It is most closely related to Utadesmus Chamberlin and Hoffman, 1950, in Utah and New Mexico, and is characterized primarily by a retrorse gonopodal tibiotarsus that curves dorsad and counters the ventral curvature of the telopodal stem. New records are presented for the coastal species of Bidentogon Buckett and Gardner, 1968, occurring from Mendocino to Santa Cruz counties, California, and encompassing the area around San Francisco Bay. The oldest available name for this species is californicus (Chamberlin, 1918), whose type locality is Stanford, Santa Clara County. This name has been misapplied to the species occurring in Sacramento County, herein named B. expansus, n. sp., and B. helferorum Buckett and Gardner, 1968, is placed in synonymy under B. californicus.

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Foit, F. F., and M. E. Ulbricht. "COMPOSITIONAL VARIATION IN MERCURIAN TETRAHEDRITE TENNANTITE FROM THE EPITHERMAL DEPOSITS OF THE STEENS AND PUEBLO MOUNTAINS, HARNEY COUNTY, OREGON." Canadian Mineralogist 39, no. 3 (June 1, 2001): 819–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.39.3.819.

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Cossentine, J. E., and U. Kuhlmann. "STATUS OF AGENIASPIS FUSCICOLLIS (HYMENOPTERA: ENCRYTIDAE), AN INTRODUCED PARASITOID OF THE APPLE ERMINE MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: YPONOMEUTIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 132, no. 5 (October 2000): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent132685-5.

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The apple ermine moth, Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller, is a univoltine pest species that defoliates apple, Malus domestics (Borkh) (Rosaceae), in the temperate region of the Palaearctic. First instars overwinter within a communal hibernaculum beneath the covering of the egg batch (Kock 1998). In spring, larvae emerge to initially mine apple leaves and subsequently feed externally within a communal tent (Menken et al. 1992). During heavy infestations, the communal tents may envelop the entire apple tree, resulting in total defoliation (Parker and Schmidt 1985). There have been several accidental introductions and subsequent eradications of the apple ermine moth in eastern North America (Hewitt 1917; Parker and Schmidt 1985) but, by 1989, the pest was found in the Fraser River Valley in British Columbia, in Whatcom county, Washington, and in northwestern Oregon (Antonelli 1991; Unruh et al. 1993).

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Rossman, A. Y., L. A. Castlebury, and M. L. Putnam. "First Report of Ash Anthracnose Caused by Discula fraxinea in Oregon." Plant Disease 88, no. 2 (February 2004): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.2.222c.

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Anthracnose on ash trees has been observed on landscape trees in western Oregon, yet there has been no formal report of the disease or its causal fungus. Anthracnose symptoms are observed annually in May and become severe by July when defoliation starts to occur. From 1989 to now, samples have been received from Benton, Josephine, and Marion counties, suggesting that ash anthracnose has been present throughout western Oregon for some time. To identify the causal agent, a fungus was isolated from acervuli on necrotic lesions on leaves of cultivated white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) trees in Benton County in July 2003. The acervuli produced hyaline, nonseptate, ellipsoid conidia 5 to 11 × 3.5 to 6 µm in diameter. The fungus was identified as Discula fraxinea (Peck) Redlin & Stack (teleomorph Gnomoniella fraxini Redlin & Stack) (2). The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (GenBank Accession No. AY455814) and large subunit (GenBank Accession No. AY455818) nrDNA agreed with those of D. fraxinea from Maryland, except for three single-base substitutions and three insertions/deletions in ITS1. Ash anthracnose has been reported from the central and eastern United States and California, the prairie provinces in Canada, and recently, from British Columbia (1). A specimen (U.S. National Fungus Collections BPI 843391) and culture (Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures CBS 114053) of D. fraxinea from Oregon were deposited. References: (1) D. F. Farr et al. Fungal Databases. Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory. On-line publication. ARS USDA, 2003. (2) S. C. Redlin and R. W. Stack. Mycotaxon 32:175, 1988.

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Szalanski, A. L., P. G. Mullin, T. S. Harris, and T. O. Powers. "First Report of Columbia Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) in Potato in Texas." Plant Disease 85, no. 4 (April 2001): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.4.442d.

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Columbia root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al. (1) was identified from potatoes, Solanum tuberosum L., collected from Dallam County, Texas in October 2000. Seed potatoes are the most likely source for this introduction. This nematode is currently found infecting potatoes grown in California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. Some countries prohibit import of both seed and table stock potatoes originating in states known to harbor M. chitwoodi. Lesions on the potatoes had discrete brown coloration with white central spots in the outer 1 cm of the tuber flesh. Female nematode densities averaged 3 per square centimeter of a potato section beneath the lesions. Nematodes were morphologically identified as M. chitwoodi based on the perineal pattern of mature females and the tail shape of juveniles per Golden et al. (1). Using polymerase chain reaction-RFLP of the rDNA ITS1 region and the mtDNA COII-16S rRNA region (2), individual juveniles were identified as M. chitwoodi based on their restriction fragment patterns. This is the first report of Columbia root-knot nematode infecting potatoes in Texas. The distribution of this nematode in potato fields throughout central United States should be determined. References: (1) A. N. Golden et al. J. Nematol. 12:319, 1980. (2) T. O. Powers and T. S. Harris. J. Nematol. 25:1, 1993.

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Weaver, Craig S., and Glenn E. Baker. "Geometry of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath Washington and northern Oregon from seismicity." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 78, no. 1 (February 1, 1988): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0780010264.

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Abstract Earthquake hypocenters within the subducting Juan de Fuca plate beneath Washington and northern Oregon are interpreted as showing that the direction of plate dip changes from northeast beneath the Puget Sound region to east-southeast beneath southwestern Washington. The shallowest hypocenters within the Juan de Fuca plate are between 30- to 40-km depth, and the distribution of these events strikes north-northeast from near the mouth of the Columbia River to the northern Olympic Mountains. The distribution of hypocenters between 40 to 50 km generally strikes parallel with the shallowest events, but shows a significant broadening beneath the eastern Olympic Mountains and Puget Sound. Events with depths greater than 50 km south of the 1965 Seattle earthquake (mb = 6.5) strike north-northeast, approximately parallel with the shallower distributions; however, north of this event, the distribution of these deeper hypocenters strikes northwest. This change in the distribution of earthquake hypocenters reflects an upward arching of the Juan de Fuca plate plate beneath Puget Sound compared with the depth of the plate beneath southwestern Washington. The T axis calculated for the 1949 South Puget Sound earthquake (MS = 7.1) is oriented to the southeast, and the 20° plunge of the T axis is in good agreement with the plate dip angle determined from the earthquake hypocenters. We conclude that the 1949 earthquake resulted at least in part from down-dip tensional forces within the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. One consequence of the change in the direction of plate dip is that volcanic front in Washington is everywhere perpendicular to the dip of the Juan de Fuca plate.

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Walsh, Megan K., Haley J. Duke, and Kevin C. Haydon. "Toward a better understanding of climate and human impacts on late Holocene fire regimes in the Pacific Northwest, USA." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 42, no. 4 (July 16, 2018): 478–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133318783144.

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In order to fully appreciate the role that fire, both natural and anthropogenic, had in shaping pre-Euro-American settlement landscapes in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), it is necessary to develop a more robust method of evaluating paleofire reconstructions. Here we demonstrate an approach that includes the identification of charcoal morphotypes (i.e. visually distinct charcoal particles), and incorporates both paleoecological and archaeological data sets, to more specifically determine both the nature of past fire regimes (i.e. fuel type and fire severity) and the likely ignition source of those fires. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach by reconstructing the late Holocene fire and vegetation histories of Lake Oswego (Clackamas County), Oregon, and Fish Lake (Okanogan County), Washington, using macroscopic charcoal and pollen analysis of sediment cores. The histories were compared with climatic records from the PNW as well as archaeological, ethnographic, and historical records from the Lower Columbia River Valley and Southern Columbia Plateau cultural regions. Our results indicate that while centennial-to-millennial-scale climate change had limited influence on the fire regimes at the study sites during the past ∼3800 years, the use of fire by Native Americans for a variety of reasons, particularly after ca. 1200 calendar years before present (AD 750), had a far greater impact. Charcoal morphotype ratios also indicate that fires in the two watersheds were fundamentally different in their severity and impact, and led to major shifts in the forests and woodlands surrounding Lake Oswego, but helped maintain the ponderosa pine-dominated forest at Fish Lake. The elimination of fire from the two study sites during the past 100–300 years is likely the combined result of Euro-American contact and the arrival of disease in the PNW, as well as 20th-century fire suppression and grazing effects on fuel continuity, which has implications for future forest management and restoration efforts in the PNW.

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Liberty, Lee M., Anne M. Trehu, Richard J. Blakely, and Martin E. Dougherty. "Integration of high-resolution seismic and aeromagnetic data for earthquake hazards evaluations: An example from the Willamette Valley, Oregon." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 89, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 1473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0890061473.

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Abstract Aeromagnetic and high-resolution seismic reflection data were integrated to place constraints on the history of seismic activity and to determine the continuity of the possibly active, yet largely concealed Mount Angel fault in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Recent seismic activity possibly related to the 20-km-long fault includes a swarm of small earthquakes near Woodburn in 1990 and the magnitude 5.6 Scotts Mills earthquake in 1993. Newly acquired aeromagnetic data show several large northwest-trending anomalies, including one associated with the Mount Angel fault. The magnetic signature indicates that the fault may actually extend 70 km across the Willamette Valley to join the Newberg and Gales Creek faults in the Oregon Coast Range. We collected 24-fold high-resolution seismic reflection data along two transects near Woodburn, Oregon, to image the offset of the Miocene-age Columbia River Basalts (CRB) and overlying sediments at and northwest of the known mapped extent of the Mount Angel fault. The seismic data show a 100-200-m offset in the CRB reflector at depths from 300 to 700 m. Folded or offset sediments appear above the CRB with decreasing amplitude to depths as shallow as were imaged (approximately 40 m). Modeling experiments based on the magnetic data indicate, however, that the anomaly associated with the Mount Angel fault is not caused solely by an offset of the CRB and overlying sediments. Underlying magnetic sources, which we presume to be volcanic rocks of the Siletz terrane, must have vertical offsets of at least 500 m to fit the observed data. We conclude that the Mount Angel fault appears to have been active since Eocene age and that the Gales Creek, Newberg, and Mount Angel faults should be considered a single potentially active fault system. This fault, as well as other parallel northwest-trending faults in the Willamette Valley, should be considered as risks for future potentially damaging earthquakes.

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Verosub, Kenneth L., Peter J. Mehringer, and Paul Waterstraat. "Holocene secular variation in western North America: Paleomagnetic record from Fish Lake, Harney County, Oregon." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 91, B3 (March 10, 1986): 3609–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb091ib03p03609.

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Withers, Robert, Dwight Eggers, Thomas Fox, and Terry Crebs. "A case study of integrated hydrocarbon exploration through basalt." GEOPHYSICS 59, no. 11 (November 1994): 1666–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443555.

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A large unexplored tectonic basin with the potential for significant hydrocarbon accumulations was identified in north‐central Oregon using a variety of geophysical techniques. The basin, informally named after the local town of Heppner, is covered by several thousand feet of Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) but is readily identified by a gravity low against the Blue Mountains Uplift. The Paleocene/Eocene Herren Formation (Pigg, 1961), which outcrops on the Blue Mountains Uplift south of the Heppner Basin, offered good source and reservoir potential. Based on lateral extent, thickness and paleocurrent structures in the Herren Formation, the unit was expected to be present in the basin. Gravity modeling produced nonunique interpretations, thus magnetotelluric (MT) information was used to constrain the CRBG thickness. Static shifts in the MT data were removed using transient electromagnetic (TEM) data before MT data inversion. After extensive experimentation, adequate seismic data were obtained for structural mapping, but the seismic data were interpretable with confidence only after MT determinations of the CRBG thickness. As a result of the favorable geologic and geophysical information, the ARCO Hanna ♯1 well was drilled to 9100 ft (2800 m) near Heppner, Oregon in section 23, T2S, R27E in 1988. The thickness of the CRBG and Oligocene John Day Formation were accurately predicted by the geophysical interpretations. An unanticipated thickness of Eocene Clarno Formation was encountered and drilling ceased in this unit. No Herren Formation was penetrated during drilling. Geophysical well logs indicate the Clarno Formation has densities and resistivities sufficient to account for the gravity and electrical anomalies defining the prospect. Poor seismic quality was explained by the heterogeneous nature of the pre‐CRBG volcanic section encountered in the well.

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Riga, E., and R. Neilson. "First Report of the Stubby-Root Nematode, Paratrichodorus teres, from Potato in the Columbia Basin of Washington State." Plant Disease 89, no. 12 (December 2005): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1361b.

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Stubby-root nematodes of the genus Paratrichodorus are migratory ectoparasites that cause stunted and deformed roots. They also transmit Tobacco rattle virus, the causal agent of corky ringspot disease in potato. Thus, they are important to the potato industry in the Pacific Northwest, including the Columbia Basin of Washington state, which is one of the largest potato-producing regions in the United States. Stubby-root nematode species are difficult to identify because the morphological differences between the species are very small (4). Paratrichodorus teres is a morphologically similar species and has been reported mainly from temperate regions within Europe. P. teres has also been reported in potato fields in eastern Oregon (3). The morphological similarity between P. allius and P. teres creates problems for routine identification because trichodorid species have a conservative morphology and are separated by the following primary characteristics: females, type of genital system and vulva position; males, number of ventromedian precloacal supplements and cervical papillae and habitus (2). As with most soil nematodes, females are more prevalent than the males. Unfortunately, in the generic key (2), female P. allius and P. teres belong to subgroup 1–12 and are separated by a secondary characteristic, vaginal shape that could be affected by fixation or handling. Male P. allius and P. teres are separated by the former species having one fewer ventromedian precloacal supplement. Thus, the morphological similarity between P. allius and P. teres creates problems for routine identification. This might be one of the reasons that P. teres has not been diagnosed in Washington until now. Using nematode morphological diagnostic keys (1,2) and comparing 18S rDNA sequence data obtained from specimens with those listed on public sequence databases, e.g., NCBI GenBank, stubby-root nematodes from two potato fields close to Moses Lake, Grant County, WA, were diagnosed as P. teres. The two adjacent potato fields are irrigated and are situated approximately 100 miles from the eastern Oregon site where P. teres was first described (3). Soil samples were collected from several Columbia Basin potato fields that had corky ringspot disease and stubby-root nematodes. Corky ringspot disease is an emerging disease in Washington, and the presence of a new viruliferous nematode species might be of concern to the potato industry. References: (1) W. Decraemer. Page 615 in: Manual of Agricultural Nematology. W. R. Nickle, ed. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991. (2) W. Decraemer and P. Baujard. Fundam. Appl. Nematol. 21:37, 1998. (3) H. J. Jensen et al. Plant Dis. Rep. 58:269, 1974. (4) S. MacFarlane et al. Adv. Bot. Res. 36:169, 2002.

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Peterson, C. D., D. C. Twichell, M. C. Roberts, S. Vanderburgh, and S. W. Hostetler. "Accommodation space in a high-wave-energy inner-shelf during the Holocene marine transgression: Correlation of onshore and offshore inner-shelf deposits (0–12 ka) in the Columbia River littoral cell system, Washington and Oregon, USA." Marine Geology 379 (September 2016): 140–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.05.007.

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Peterson, Curt D., Tamara C. Linde, and Sandy Vanderburgh. "Late-Holocene shoreline responses to competing shelf, bay, and beach accommodation spaces under conditions of relative sea level change, and the potential for future catastrophic beach retreat in the Columbia River Littoral Cell, Washington and Oregon, USA." Marine Geology 427 (September 2020): 106272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106272.

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Vettraino, A. M., D. Hüberli, S. Swain, A. Smith, and M. Garbelotto. "A New Report of Phytophthora ramorum on Rhamnus purshiana in Northern California." Plant Disease 90, no. 2 (February 2006): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0246c.

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Rhamnus purshiana, or cascara, is a deciduous tall shrub or small tree as much as 9 m high with thin, smooth, silver-gray bark. It is often present in shady sites in redwood and mixed evergreen forests of the North Ameri-can west coast, from British Columbia to northern California. In July 2005, symptomatic leaves with irregular, black spots, 2 to 5 mm in diameter and concentrated toward the tips, were collected from four cascara plants in the Samuel P. Taylor State Park, Marin County, California. There was no evidence of defoliation. Pieces of necrotic tissue were plated on selective medium (PARP) and maintained at 19°C for 2 weeks. A Phytophthora sp. was consistently isolated and it was identified as P. ramorum on the basis of morphological and molecular traits published previously (3,4). The P. ramorum isolate Pr-418 has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC MYA-3676) and a portion of the internal transcribed sequence (ITS) of rDNA has been deposited in the NCBI database (GenBank Accession No. DQ168874). Koch's postulates were completed using the leaf-dip method (2) on detached leaves collected from three cascara plants growing at the University of California Botanical Garden at Berkeley. Zoospore inoculum was prepared by flooding a 2-week-old culture growing on V8 agar with sterile water for 4 days. The liquid was filtered after cold shocking at 4°C for 30 min and incubated at room temperature for 1 h. Fifteen leaves were dipped in the resulting zoospore suspension (1.6 × 104 zoospores per ml) for either 1 min (experiment 1) or overnight (experiment 2). Leaves used as negative controls were dipped in sterile water. After removal from the inoculum, excess liquid was allowed to drain. Leaves were maintained in a moist chamber at 19°C with 13 h of natural light for 1 week. After 3 days of incubation, necrotic spots similar to those observed in the field had developed on leaves in experiment 2, while no symptoms were observed in experiment 1. Necrotic lesions were observed on 12 and 15 of 15 leaves in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, after 7 days of incubation. For each leaf, the necrotic area and percent necrosis was determined by placing the leaves in a flatbed scanner and processing the images with Assess (Version 1.01; The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN). Lesions extended from the tip of the leaves and covered 3 ± 1% of the total leaf area in experiment 1 and 33 ± 3% in experiment 2. Reisolation of P. ramorum on PARP was successful for all inoculated leaves. P. ramorum was never isolated from negative controls and no symptoms of infection were observed. The leaf-dip inoculation method is a rapid and reliable indicator of host susceptibility to P. ramorum, with many species developing necrosis when exposed to high concentrations of zoospores (3). Our results show that exposure time to the pathogen can play an important role in the development of symptoms. R. purshiana has been previously reported as a host in Oregon (1,2), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of cascara as a natural host of P. ramorum in the state of California. Our results confirm those from Oregon (2). The impact of infection by P. ramorum on cascara is unknown. References: (1) J. M. Davidson et al. Plant Health Prog. DOI:10.1094/PHP-2003-0707-01-DG, 2003. (2) E. Hansen et al. Plant Dis. 89:63, 2005. (3) D. M. Rizzo et al. Plant Dis. 86:205, 2002. (4) S. Werres et al. Mycol Res. 105:1155, 2001.

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Hüberli, D., K. D. Reuther, A. Smith, S. Swain, J. G. Tse, and M. Garbelotto. "First Report of Foliar Infection of Rosa gymnocarpa by Phytophthora ramorum." Plant Disease 88, no. 4 (April 2004): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.4.430.

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In May 2003, Phytophthora ramorum S. Werres & A.W.A.M. de Cock was isolated from leaflets of wood rose (Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt.), a native, low shrub of the Rosaceae family, at the Jack London State Park in Sonoma County, California. Affected leaflets had cream-to-brown lesions or spots, sometimes delimited by a chlorotic zone. Lesions coalesced with time and spread into the petiole and rachis. Lesions on the stems were not observed. Isolates were typical of P. ramorum with large chlamydospores and caduceus, semipapillate sporangia, and the sequence (GenBank Accession No. AY526571) of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA matched those published previously (4). The site was a mixed forest containing some confirmed P. ramorum-infected trees of coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), and tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) (3,4). These sites also contained California rose (R. californica Cham. & Schldl.); however, no symptoms were observed on this species. A terminal leaflet of asymptomatic, pesticide-free, potted-plants of California rose and wood rose (four plants each) was inoculated with zoospores of a P. ramorum isolate (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, ATCC MYA-3281; Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, the Netherlands, CBS 114390) obtained from infected wood rose (2). A control leaflet of each plant was dipped in sterile deionized water. Branches containing the inoculated and control leaflets were placed in moist plastic bags, and plants were maintained at 21 to 22°C in the laboratory for 6 days. The inoculation experiment was repeated. In both inoculations, brown lesions (extending up to 8 mm from the leaflet tip) were observed on leaflets of both species 2 days after inoculation with P. ramorum. At 6 days after inoculation, lesions starting from the leaflet tip averaged 12.2 mm in length (range 10 to 16 mm) for wood rose and 9.6 mm (range 3 to 20 mm) for California rose. Some lesions extended into the petiole in both rose species. Sporangia were observed in washings of the lesions from four plants of California rose and one plant of wood rose, and P. ramorum was reisolated on Phytophthora-selective agar medium modified with 25 mg of pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) (4) from all lesions. Control leaflets had no lesions, and P. ramorum was not reisolated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a species of Rosa as a natural host for P. ramorum, although R. sempervirens was identified as being susceptible in artificial inoculations of detached leaves (E. Moralejo and L. Hernández, personal communication). Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia) in California and salmon berry (Rubus spectabilis) in Oregon are the other known hosts from the family Rosaceae (1). Wood rose is popular in the horticultural industry and is readily available from native plant nurseries in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, Canada. California rose is also popular, primarily in California. The pathogen could be disseminated on these plants, especially since sporangia were obtained from inoculated leaflets of these two species. References: (1) J. M. Davidson et al. On-line publication. doi:10.1094/PHP-2003-0707-01-DG. Plant Health Progress, 2003. (2) D. Hüberli et al. Plant Dis. 87:599, 2003. (3) P. E. Maloney et al. Plant Dis. 86:1274, 2002. (4) D. M. Rizzo et al. Plant Dis. 86:205, 2002.

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Jordan, R. L., M. A. Guaragna, T. Van Buren, and M. L. Putnam. "First Report of a New Potyvirus, Tricyrtis virus Y, and Lily virus X, a Potexvirus, in Tricyrtis formosana in the United States." Plant Disease 92, no. 4 (April 2008): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-4-0648a.

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Tricyrtis formosana (toad lily) is an herbaceous perennial in the family Liliaceae. Native to Asia, T. formosana is now used in the United States as an ornamental border plant in woodland and shade gardens. A T. formosana var. stolonifera plant showing chlorosis and mild mosaic symptoms obtained from a commercial grower in Columbia County, Oregon tested positive for potyvirus by ELISA using our genus Potyvirus broad spectrum reacting PTY-1 Mab (3). Electron microscopic examination of negatively stained leaf-dip preparations from symptomatic leaves showed a mixture of two sizes of flexuous rod-shaped particles, approximately 700 nm long (resembling potyviruses) and 470 nm long (resembling potexviruses). Total RNA extracts from symptomatic leaves were used in reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays with potyvirus- or potexvirus-specific primers. The degenerate primers for the genus Potyvirus (2) direct the amplification of approximately 1,600-bp fragments from the 3′ terminus of most potyviruses. Overlapping potexvirus cDNA clones were generated using degenerate genus Potexvirus replicase primers, and later, virus-specific primers in 3′ RACE (4). The RT-PCR amplified fragments were cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the 1,688 nt potyvirus sequence (GenBank Accession No. AY864850) using BLAST showed highest identity with members of the Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) subgroup of potyviruses. Pairwise amino acid comparisons of the CP region of the new potyvirus showed 78% identity to strains of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus, 77% identity with Soybean mosaic virus and Ceratobium mosaic virus, 72 to 76% identity to strains of BCMV, and only 50 to 64% identity with 54 other potyviruses. Additionally, similar pairwise analysis of the CP nucleotide sequence and 3′NCR of the new potyvirus generally revealed the same identity trend as described for the CP amino acid sequences, albeit with the highest nucleotide identities at less than 73% for CP and less than 66% for the 3′NCR. These results suggest that this virus is a new species in the genus Potyvirus (1), which we have tentatively named Tricyrtis virus Y (TrVY). BLAST analysis of the 3′ terminal 3,010 nt potexvirus sequence (GenBank Accession No. AY864849) showed 89% nucleotide identity with Lily virus X (LVX). Pairwise amino acid comparisons of the putative gene products revealed 98, 95, 94 and 99% identity with LVX TGBp1, TGBp2, TGBp3-like, and CP, respectively, and 97% identity with the 108 nt 3′NCR. Homology with other members of the genus Potexvirus was less than 50% for these corresponding genes and gene products. ELISA and RT-PCR analysis for these two viruses in toad lily plants obtained from a grower in Illinois also revealed the presence of TrVY in three of seven cultivars and LVX coinfecting only one of the plants. The standard propagation method for T. formosana is plant division, which along with mechanical contact, provides efficient means for spread of both viruses. To our knowledge, this is the first description of this potyvirus and the first report of any potyvirus in T. formosana. LVX has been reported in Lilium formosanum, but to our knowledge, this is also the first report of LVX in T. formosana. References: (1) P. H. Berger et al. Potyviridae. Page 819 in: Virus Taxonomy: 8th Rep. ICTV, 2005. (2) M. A. Guaragna et al. Acta. Hortic. 722:209, 2006. (3) R. L. Jordan and J. Hammond. J. Gen. Virol. 72:1531, 1991. (4) C. J. Maroon-Lango et al. Arch. Virol. 150:1187, 2005.

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Robert O. Van Atta (2), Kevin B. Ke. "Scappoose Formation, Columbia County, Oregon: New Evidence of Age and Relation to Columbia River Basalt Group." AAPG Bulletin 69 (1985). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/ad4627e5-16f7-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

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H. J. Meyer. "Geothermal Gradient and Btu Studies of Mist Gas Field, Columbia County, Oregon: ABSTRACT." AAPG Bulletin 70 (1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/94885840-1704-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

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Shrestha, Govinda, Ira D. Thompson, and Silvia I. Rondon. "Vertical Distribution of Insect Pests Using Insect Towers Placed Near Potato Fields in the Lower Columbia Basin." Journal of Economic Entomology, December 5, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa263.

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Abstract This study was conducted at the Oregon State University Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Hermiston, Umatilla County, OR, during the 2016 and 2017 potato, Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae), growing seasons. The objective was to determine the vertical distribution of hemipteran (Bactericera cockerelli Šulc, Circulifer tenellus Baker, Myzus persicae Sulzer, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, and Lygus spp.) and thysanopteran (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande and Thrips tabaci Lindeman) potato pests using insect towers placed near potato fields. Towers were 8 m tall and secured to the ground with metal cables. In each tower, yellow sticky cards were mounted at 1.5 m intervals up to 7.6 m aboveground. Data were collected at 7-d intervals from mid-April until mid or end of August. This study showed that B. cockerelli, C. tenellus, M. persicae, Lygus spp., and both species of thrips were captured on sticky cards placed closest to the ground; in both years, as sticky card height increased, abundances decreased. In contrast, trapped M. euphorbiae numbers were not affected by sticky card height. To our knowledge, this is the first study in the lower Columbia Basin of Oregon that evaluated the vertical distribution of major potato pests.

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Stephen I. Wareham, Lanny H. Fisk. "Age and Petroleum Potential of Rocks Exposed on Hay Creek Anticline, Jefferson County, Oregon: ABSTRACT." AAPG Bulletin 71 (1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/703c7dcc-1707-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

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Kevin B. Hill1, William R. Meaney2. "Abstract: Grayson Field Jurassic Smackover Limestone Oil Field, Columbia County, AR; T16S;R21W." AAPG Bulletin 84 (2000) (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/c9ebda3f-1735-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

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Karl F. Kalbacher, Austin A. Sartin. "Diagenetic Study of Upper Member of Smackover Formation (Upper Jurassic), Columbia County, Arkansas: ABSTRACT." AAPG Bulletin 70 (1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/94886b41-1704-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

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Frame, Elizabeth R., and Evelyn J. Lessard. "Does the Columbia River plume influence phytoplankton community structure along the Washington and Oregon coasts?" Journal of Geophysical Research 114 (July 16, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008jc004999.

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Karl F. Kalbacher, Austin A. Sartin. "Diagenetic Study of Upper Member of the Smackover Formation (Upper Jurassic), Columbia County, Arkansas: ABSTRACT." AAPG Bulletin 70 (1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/94885db3-1704-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

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Stone, Ian, Erin A. Wirth, and Arthur D. Frankel. "Structure and QP–QS Relations in the Seattle and Tualatin Basins from Converted Seismic Phases." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, May 4, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120200390.

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ABSTRACT We use converted body-wave phases from local earthquakes to constrain depth to basement and average attenuation relations for the Seattle basin in Washington and the Tualatin basin in Oregon. P-, P-to-S-(Ps), S-to-P-(Sp), and S-wave arrivals are present in three-component recordings of magnitude 2.5–4.0 earthquakes at seismic stations located in these basins. Based on their relative travel times, these phases are attributed to body-wave conversions at the basement-to-basin contact or to high-impedance interfaces within the basins. Depth to basement values are calculated using the differential travel times between direct and converted phases, as well as average P- and S-wave velocity values. We also identify a high-impedance layer in the Tualatin basin that likely represents a laterally extensive deposit of volcanic materials embedded between the basement contact and the Columbia River Basalt Group. In addition, the average QP–QS attenuation relation is calculated for each station by taking the spectral ratio of converted phases to their parent body-wave arrivals. For the Seattle basin, our analysis yields an average QP value of 73 and an average QS value of 60 for seismic waves with frequencies between 2 and 25 Hz. In the Tualatin basin, a much reduced QP–QS relation suggests that average body-wave attenuation is likely higher than in the Seattle basin. The converted phase techniques presented here provide a reliable way to develop estimates of basin depth and attenuation structure for undercharacterized regions using simple passive source seismic records.

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Berger, Carolyn J. M., Sherry M. Lippiatt, Michael G. Lawrence, and Kenneth W. Bruland. "Application of a chemical leach technique for estimating labile particulate aluminum, iron, and manganese in the Columbia River plume and coastal waters off Oregon and Washington." Journal of Geophysical Research 113 (August 16, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007jc004703.

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Rivera, Tiffany A., Craig M. White, Mark D. Schmitz, and Brian R. Jicha. "Petrogenesis of pleistocene basalts from the Western snake river plain, Idaho." Journal of Petrology, December 24, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egaa108.

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Abstract We present new geochemical, Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope, and 40Ar/39Ar data from Pleistocene basalts of the Western Snake River Plain (WSRP), Idaho, USA to explore their petrogenesis and to investigate the nature of the lithosphere at the western boundary of the North American craton. The basalts are divided into three groups based on their geochemical and isotopic characteristics. Prior to ∼1 Ma, volcanoes in the WSRP erupted iron-rich tholeiites (FeB1), but subsequent volcanism was dominated by concurrent eruptions of mildly alkaline, alumina-rich lavas (AlB) and iron-rich tholeiites (FeB2) with isotopic signatures similar to the AlB lavas. New 40Ar/39Ar dates of AlB and FeB2 basalts range from 0.920 ± 0.049 Ma to 0.287 ± 0.014 Ma. MELTS models of FeB1 differentiation trends indicate that the range of compositions in this suite can be produced by 10–15% crystallization of olivine and plagioclase at low pressure using the least evolved FeB1 composition as a parental magma; isotopic ratios can be produced via combined assimilation of a Miocene rhyolite and fractional crystallization. Additional modeling suggests that parental magmas at AlB centers were produced by 3–12% equilibrium melting of a garnet-spinel enriched mantle source, slightly different to that proposed for the youngest mildly alkaline lavas of the eastern and central Snake River Plain. Our new geochemical, isotopic, and geochronologic data of the FeB2 basalts suggests they are related to AlB-type magmas via a combination of fractional crystallization and assimilation of evolved mafic crust. MELTS models suggest that crystallization of an AlB parental melt at a depth of 6–8 km (2.5 kb) could produce residual liquids having many of the major oxide characteristics of FeB2 ferrobasalts. Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic signatures of these three suites indicate a dominant contribution from an enriched plume source. FeB1 lavas are likely products of mixing between melts of an enriched plume mantle source (represented by Imnaha and Steens Basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group) and isotopically heterogeneous sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) that has been isolated from the convecting mantle since the Archean. Isotopic ratios of FeB2 and AlB lavas capture mixing between enriched plume mantle and a more isotopically homogeneous ancient SCLM domain characteristic of the eastern and central Snake River Plain, with a coupled decrease in lithospheric contribution and degree of partial melting through time to the present. Mixtures of enriched asthenospheric reservoirs with lithospheric mantle have been proposed for neighboring volcanic fields to the east along the strike of the Yellowstone-SRP hotspot track, and to the west due to differences in the mantle underlying the boundary of the North American craton and accreted terranes. Our petrogenetic model for the Pleistocene WSRP basalts suggests that there is also a lateral, across strike gradient in the geometry and interaction of enriched plume mantle and ancient lithosphere. We reiterate suggestions that the WSRP is a lithosphere-scale conduit connecting initial plume head impingement in east-central Oregon with the subsequent Yellowstone-SRP hotspot plume tail track.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Geochemistry – Oregon – Columbia County'

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