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Journal articles on the topic 'Geodesy; Surveying'
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1
Litynskyi, Volodymyr, Svyatoslav Litynskyi, Anatolii Vivat, Mykhailo Fys, and Andrii Brydun. "The accuracy investigation of point coordinates’ determination using a fixed basis for high-precision geodesy binding." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 107, no. 1 (May 11, 2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2019-0003.
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AbstractModern scanners can perform terrestrial topographic survey with resolution of 1 cm and accuracy of 2 mm in just a few minute‘s time, from the distance of up to 100 meters. However, for surface topographical surveying of large territories or complex industrial objects, it is necessary to conduct geodetic traverses and perform their binding to the points of the geodesic basis. One method of coordinate transferring during surveying is by using the method of inverse linear-angular intersection, which involves the measuring of the respective sides S1, S2 and the β angle between them. This method is more precise than the classical one, which usually contains centring and reduction errors. The linear-angular intersection method can also be used for many applications in engineering geodesy, for laying geodetic traverses, and for binding to the wall based points of ground-surveying.
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Li, Jing, Haiyan Liu, Wenyue Guo, and Anzhu Yu. "VISUAL ANALYSIS BASED ON THE DATA OF CHINESE SURVEYING AND MAPPING JOURNALS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-4 (June 3, 2016): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-4-41-2016.
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Taking four influential Chinese surveying and mapping journals as the data source, 5863 papers published during the period of 2003–2013 were obtained. Using the method of bibliometrics and visual analysis, summarizing the surveying and mapping papers in the past ten years (2003-2013), research themes, authors, and geographical distribution were analyzed. In the study, the papers of geodesy, cartography and GIS are 59.9%, more than half of all the papers. We also determine that the core author group has 131 authors, mainly of whom are from big cities. 90% of top ten cities on the number of publishing papers are capital cities or municipalities directly under the central government.In conclusion, we found that the research focus was different every year, and the research content was richness, the content of geodesy, cartography and GIS were widely researched, and the development of surveying and mapping is imbalanced in China.
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Li, Jing, Haiyan Liu, Wenyue Guo, and Anzhu Yu. "VISUAL ANALYSIS BASED ON THE DATA OF CHINESE SURVEYING AND MAPPING JOURNALS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-4 (June 3, 2016): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-4-41-2016.
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Taking four influential Chinese surveying and mapping journals as the data source, 5863 papers published during the period of 2003–2013 were obtained. Using the method of bibliometrics and visual analysis, summarizing the surveying and mapping papers in the past ten years (2003-2013), research themes, authors, and geographical distribution were analyzed. In the study, the papers of geodesy, cartography and GIS are 59.9%, more than half of all the papers. We also determine that the core author group has 131 authors, mainly of whom are from big cities. 90% of top ten cities on the number of publishing papers are capital cities or municipalities directly under the central government.In conclusion, we found that the research focus was different every year, and the research content was richness, the content of geodesy, cartography and GIS were widely researched, and the development of surveying and mapping is imbalanced in China.
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Vaníček, P., R. B. Langley, and A. Kleusberg. "Geodesy: still the scientific backbone of surveying and mapping." CISM journal 45, no. 4 (January 1991): 545–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-1991-0039.
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Kapica, Roman, Dana Vrublová, and Markéta Michalusová. "PHOTOGRAMMETRIC DOCUMENTATION OF CZECHOSLOVAK BORDER FORTIFICATIONS AT HLUČÍN-DARKOVIČKY." Geodesy and Cartography 39, no. 2 (June 28, 2013): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2013.806243.
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The Institute of Geodesy and Mine Surveying of the Technical University Ostrava makes photogrammetric surveying of major built objects in the Moravian-Silesian region. The focus of the present study is on special monuments that form integral parts of regional history and make outstanding landmarks. Terrestrial photogrammetry was used as the surveying methods used. The primary goal of photogrammetric surveying is to identify geometric shapes and to create visualisations of objects. Photogrammetric surveying provides valuable documentary data for uses in the areas of the history of architecture and technical research as well as for renovations and advertising campaigns. Our 3D models were created by using terrestrial digital photogrammetry.
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Schwarz, K. P. "Third International Symposium on Inertial Technology for Surveying and Geodesy." Bulletin Géodésique 60, no. 2 (June 1986): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02521010.
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Klatt, Calvin. "Geodetic technologies enabling innovation Part 1: Federal Government." GEOMATICA 70, no. 3 (September 2016): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2016-304.
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In support of discussions regarding the use of coordinates in cadastral surveying, we provide an overview of federal government activities in geodesy and review issues related to geodetic coordinates and the compatibility of data, in particular spatial and temporal consistency. The Canadian Geodetic Survey is the Government of Canada’s lead agency in geodesy, and is the principal agency responsible for establishing the reference frames or datums used in determining geodetic coordinates in Canada. A summary of issues relating to epoch propagation addresses concerns specific to the use of precise geodetic coordinate systems today.
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Derezińska, Agnieszka. "THE APPLICATION OF SURVEYING EQUIPMENT IN THE RESCUE OPERATIONS OF STATE FIRE SERVICE." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego / Inżynieria Środowiska 168, no. 48 (December 29, 2017): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.5883.
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The article describes the use of surveying equipment in the rescue work of the State Fire Service. The role of geodesy is becoming increasingly important in their operations, which is why they are more and more interested in the application of surveying techniques discussed below in the context of the various types of events. The use of a theodolite, a total station and a scanstation is shown during real accidents as well as during exercises and measurements taken in the simulated events.
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Makarenko, N. L. "To the 110th anniversary of the birth of A. A. Izotov." Geodesy and Cartography 926, no. 8 (September 20, 2017): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2017-926-8-59-64.
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Alexander Izotov’s name, the largest Soviet scientist in the field of a theoretical and practical geodesy, the student of Feodosiy Krasovsky and his associate, has for ever become historic in development and achievements of the Soviet geodesy. A. A. Izotov’s after death of F. N. Krasovsky’s not only continued their research, but also put new scientific problems in the field of geodesy, geodynamics, searched for ways of solving the complicated questions facing the surveying industry. He belonged to the glorious constellation of geodesists, whose profession was mode of their life. Unique and distinctive identity not only as a scholar but also a personnality attracted his young employees. А. А. Izotov possessed unique consistence and persistence in supporting the scientific views, no matter the posts and merits of the opponents.
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Haydon, Suzanne. "Geological Survey of Victoria: Airborne gravity surveying for geodesy and geology." Preview 2020, no. 208 (September 2, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14432471.2020.1828400.
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Kurkov, V. M., T. N. Skripitsina, and A. Yu Sozonova. "METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR AERIAL SURVEYING AND GROUND PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEYS FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL PURPOSES." ECOLOGY ECONOMY INFORMATICS. GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND SPACE MONITORING 2, no. 5 (2020): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/2500-123x-2020-2-5-75-82.
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This article we consider methods and technologies of unmanned aerial surveying and close-range photogrammetric survey as applied for archeological research. We summed up the practical experience of the specialists of the Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography (MIIGAiK), obtained with the participation in the Bosporus archaeological expedition of the State Historical Museum on the Taman Peninsula in 2018–20. During the 3 expeditions, 18 archaeological sites were surveyed by aerial methods using UAV Geoscan 101 Geodesy and UAS DJI Phantom 4 Pro. In addition to aerial surveying, the Canon 30D digital camera with 50 mm and 14 mm focal lengths was used for groundbased, close-range photogrammetric surveys of archaeological sites. Some sites were surveyed many times during different periods of archaeological research. At all surveyed archaeological sites using photogrammetric processing methods at the Agisoft Metashape software we received survey documents (orthophoto, digital terrain models, 3D models). For some artifacts, three-dimensional metric models have been obtained using digital photogrammetry methods. Various methods of aerial surveying were used to study archaeological sites. The article gives recommendations on optimization of photography process in order to obtain reliable and informative documents for archaeological excavations. Comparison and analysis of aerial and close-range survey data was performed by the QGIS geographic information system. The information obtained using geo-information technologies will improve the quality and reliability of forecasts and hypotheses in archaeological studies.
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Zeng, Huai En. "Geodetic Datum Transformation and Inverse Transformation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 2154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.2154.
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Geodetic datum transformation and inverse transformation are very basic tasks in geodesy, and surveying engineering, etc. Considering the rotation angles are in seconds, the rotation matrix is simplified, and then the observation equation is easily linearized and solved by least squares technique. The inverse transformation is derived explicitly, which uses the property of rotation matrix and Rodrigues matrix. A numerical case is studied to validate the approaches in the paper.
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Zaczek-Peplinska, Janina, and Ryszard Kowalski. "AN INFORMATION DATA BASE OF GEODETIC SERVICES ENGINEERING INVESTMENTS - THE IDEA OF DATA ORGANISATION." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 18, 2005): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2005vol1.2155.
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The goal of the project, being run by the Institute of Applied Geodesy of the Warsaw University of Technology, is to create a prototype database of building structures, which are typical from the point of view of the tasks of engineering geodesy.The database is expected to be available through the Internet and is planned to be filled with the information collected from surveying companies, which would like to present their realizations both from owners and users of engineering structures.Examples of modern solutions in the area of geodetic services for engineering investments realization is supposed to create a base for changes in the methods of teaching and presenting these issues at the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography of the Warsaw University of Technology and at other Faculties interested in such problems.
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Гамова, Н. А., А. В. Безводицкий, and К. Д. Каляда. "Математическое обоснование спутниковой геодезической съемки." ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 70, no. 2 (2021): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-02-2021-54.
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In our progressive world in various fields there is a serious demand for highly qualified engineers. Specialists in the technical field are required to more knowledge from different branches of engineering, science and technology. In this article describes one of the ways to measure land plots - satellite imagery, as well as the process of calculating corrections that occur due to the shooting. The purpose of this article is to show, how mathematical knowledge is used in practice, in particular by future students bachelor's degree in geodesy. We will show you how to implement it in practice the construction plan of the area via satellite surveying and using mathematical methods and approaches in solving this problem. In the article we used the results of practical work on geodesy with using mathematical calculations.
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Giniotis, Vytautas, and Domantas Bručas. "RESEARCH OF THE ANGULAR POSITIONING ACCURACY OF THE EXPERIMENTAL TEST BENCH." Geodesy and cartography 32, no. 2 (August 3, 2012): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921541.2006.9636690.
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Most geodetic instruments are based on measurement of angular values. Such instruments as digital theodolites, total stations etc are used in geodesy, building structure, surveying, in machine engineering etc. Preliminary research of the accuracy of the test rig created for precise angular measurements is presented here. Visual angular scale accuracy measurements are given and some statistical parameters of measuring data are evaluated. Conclusions for further development of the test rig are formulated.
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Wu, Ji Feng, Zhi Qiang Yang, Zhen Shi, and Jian Hua Yang. "The Method of Surveying Concealment Engineering Control Points ITRF Coordinates Based on Gyro Orientation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 1709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.1709.
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In the modern geodesy and precise engineering surveying, we often choose ITRF reference frame as the measurement benchmark for research. In some special projects, however, it is difficult to directly get the coordinates of points by GPS, and the visibility conditions between points have also been limited. According to this problem, we propose a new method combining GPS survey and gyrostatic orientation technology, to access the ITRF coordinates of control points indirectly, and analysis and research the related important issues.
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Roberts, Gethin Wyn. "International University Education." International Journal of Chinese Education 4, no. 1 (August 19, 2015): 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125868-12340045.
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In 2004, The University of Nottingham was the first Sino-Foreign University to open a campus in mainland China. Today, the University of Nottingham Ningbo, China (unnc) campus holds approximately 6,600 students and 500 staff from 40 different countries. Science and Engineering subjects are relatively new on the campus, but are all based on the long standing pedigree at the University of Nottingham in the United Kingdom. In 2012, a newmsc course in Engineering Surveying and Geodesy started atunnc, which was the same as the course in theuk. All the courses atunncare the same in learning outcomes as those on theukcampus, all the teaching is carried out in the medium of English and undergo the same stringent Quality Assurance. The University of Nottingham also has a campus in Malaysia, which makes the university truly global. Students attending any of these campuses have the opportunities of exchange at any of the other two, as well as many other international universities.unncaspires to grow to 8,000 students by 2020, consisting of 20% international students and 15-20% postgraduate students, approximately 40% of which will be within the Faculty of Science and Engineering.This paper details the model used by the University of Nottingham in establishing and operating themsc course and research activities in Engineering Surveying and Geodesy atunnc, and gives a case study of this parallel course.
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Paar, Rinaldo. "Carl Ritter von Ghega – 2018 Surveyor of the Year." Kartografija i geoinformacije 18, no. 32 (December 15, 2019): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32909/kg.18.32.5.
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Carl Ritter von Ghega was proclaimed 2018 Surveyor of the Year on 21 March 2018. In this paper, we explore how this Austrian of Albanian extraction, born in Venice, played an important role in geodesy and the surveying profession and the honours he got up to the present day. We investigate his background and details of his professional path, education and most important contributions in the areas of surveying and engineering at large. We describe his most significant achievement, that is, the Semmering Railway, which was dismissed at the time as impossible to achieve. In 1998, the Semmering Railway was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Apart from this project, which left a great impression on the engineering profession, von Ghega also developed the Borovnica Viaduct built in the mid-19th century in Slovenia.
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Schwarz, K. P., E. H. Knickmeyer, and H. Martell. "The use of strapdown technology in surveying." CISM journal 44, no. 1 (April 1990): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-1990-0003.
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Inertial technology has been successfully used in surveying and geodesy for more than a decade. Although results in positioning and gravity vector determination have been excellent, the high cost of the stable platform systems, their bulkiness and their susceptibility to down times in a rough production environment, have somewhat limited the use of this new technology. In addition, a number of interesting applications could not be attempted because raw accelerations and angular velocities at a high data rate were not available. The Department of Surveying Engineering at the University of Calgary has therefore studied the use of strapdown technology for surveying applications and the paper summarizes results achieved during the last two years. They show that strapdown technology offers an economic, versatile and reliable way to solve surveying problems in a number of areas where platform systems could not be used or were not competitive. Four developments will be specifically highlighted. The testing of a Strap-down Inertial Survey System (SISS), the development of an inertial pipeline monitoring system, the testing of an integrated INS/GPS for airborne photogrammetry and line imaging, and studies leading to the development of an inertial system for industrial alignment surveys. In each case, the concept of the specific application will be outlined and a brief discussion of the results achieved to date will be given.
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Mirzoeva, A. E., and A. S. Ovchinnikova. "The features of geodetic maintenance of cadastral activities in the Russian Federation." Geodesy and Cartography 924, no. 6 (July 20, 2017): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2017-924-6-49-54.
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Today the studying of geodetic maintenance of cadastral activities in the Russian Federation is an extremely important and topical issue at the present stage of development of the interrelation between geodesy and the sphere of land and property relations. The research tasks are to identify problem aspects in the practical geodetic activity, as well as to analyze the role of geodesy for one of the most important areas of its application. Specificity of geodetic support of cadastral works is considered. The methods of determining the coordinates of the characteristic points of the boundaries of land plots and other real estate objects are compared, the main problems of geodetic work for cadastral purposes are formulated, and the direct dependence of land tax and rent on the area of the real estate object is revealed. In this way, the article reflects the importance of surveying for land and real estate management system.
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Bručas, Domantas, Vytautas Giniotis, and Petras Petroškevičius. "BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF THE FLAT ANGLE CALIBRATION TEST BENCH FOR GEODETIC INSTRUMENTS." Geodesy and cartography 32, no. 3 (August 3, 2012): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921541.2006.9636698.
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In our days precise geodetic instruments are very widely used in geodesy, building structures, surveying, machine engineering etc. Many of those instruments are based on precise measurement of the directions differences (ie measurement of angles). Such instruments are: theodolites, digital theodolites, total stations etc. Testing and calibration of these instruments is quite complicated task, although it is evidently needed. In this paper we present the creation and preliminary research of accuracy of the test bench designed to perform the testing and calibration of such geodetic instruments.
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Dangol, Susheel, and Ganesh Prasad Bhatta. "Cadastre 2014: Performance of Nepal." Journal on Geoinformatics, Nepal 17, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njg.v17i1.23008.
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International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) is the federation of different nation's member associations representing the interests of surveyors in the professional fields of global surveying, geomatics, geodesy and geo-information. Technical work of FIG is led by ten different commissions with individual themes. Among these commissions, 7th commission with the theme "Cadastre and Land Management" decided to make a vision for cadastre in 20th FIG congress in 1994 and in line with this decision, "Cadastre 2014 - A Vision for A Cadastral System in the Future" was published in 1998. This vision addresses about the future development of cadastre and consists of views for ensuring the cadastre to be globally integrative and shaping the future of surveying occupation. This paper discusses on the vision of Cadastre 2014, its implementation status in Nepal to evaluate Nepal's "Cadastre 2014" performance.
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Stenz, Ulrich, Jens Hartmann, Jens-André Paffenholz, and Ingo Neumann. "High-Precision 3D Object Capturing with Static and Kinematic Terrestrial Laser Scanning in Industrial Applications—Approaches of Quality Assessment." Remote Sensing 12, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12020290.
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Terrestrial laser scanning is used in many disciplines of engineering. Examples include mobile mapping, architecture surveying, archaeology, as well as monitoring and surveillance measurements. For most of the mentioned applications, 3D object capturing in an accuracy range of several millimeters up to a few centimeters is sufficient. However, in engineering geodesy, particularly in industrial surveying or monitoring measurements, accuracies in a range of a few millimeters are required. Additional increased quality requirements apply to these applications. This paper focuses on the quality investigation of data captured with static and kinematic terrestrial laser scanning. For this purpose, suitable sensors, which are typically used in the approach of a multi-sensor-system, as well as the corresponding data capturing/acquisition strategies, are presented. The aim of such systems is a geometry- and surface-based analysis in an industrial environment with an accuracy of +/− 1–2 mm or better.
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Griep, P. J. "Calculations with a difference. Differentiation, integration and iteration and its application to surveying and geodesy." Australian Surveyor 33, no. 1 (March 1986): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00050326.1986.10435201.
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Sestras, Paul. "Methodological and On-Site Applied Construction Layout Plan with Batter Boards Stake-Out Methods Comparison: A Case Study of Romania." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 4331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104331.
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The layout or stake-out is one of the most important assignments of the surveying engineer, and it is of vital importance in the building process, as the designed geometries of the structure ensure the verticality and the correct positioning inside the terrain. The mission of the surveying engineer involves both legal and technical aspects, and the correct planning of the layout process must take into consideration aspects regarding the site conditions, instrumentation used, the required and achievable accuracies, network design and survey methods used. Given the vast applications of geodesy and topography in different domains and industries, the study incorporates general notions and technical aspects regarding the workflow in cadastre and construction surveying, guidelines for an efficient design of site layout plan with on-site applicability, as well as a novel comparison between four methods of construction lines geometry layout on batter boards. The results of this study aim to further consolidate the importance of accurate and efficient construction layout projects, with comprehensive design plans, methods and instrumentation selection, as well as recommendations. The presented discussions and conclusions are of interest to the geodetic community as well as the construction industry, and due to the pragmatic and experimental nature of the research, incorporates technical notes and original results of professional and academic importance.
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Tomaštik, Julián, and Daniel Tunák. "COMPASS MEASUREMENT – STILL A SUITABLE SURVEYING METHOD IN SPECIFIC CONDITIONS." Geodesy and Cartography 41, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2015.1011863.
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The compass measurement is one of the customary surveying methods that is used almost from the beginning of systematic geodesy and cartography. After the periods of the decreased use of this method, it was partially renewed by the ascension of the Field-Map technology that connects the compass measurement with the software tools for the environment mapping. It is currently mostly used for the forestry under-canopy mapping and other special tasks, where the current progressive technologies, especially photogrammetry and GNSS, can be used only with complication. The Field-Map set can include either the laser rangefinder Impulse LR 200 with MapStar Compass Module II compass, or TruPulse laser rangefinder that allows also the azimuth measurement. The research was aimed on the accuracy of mentioned devices. The measured lengths and azimuth were evaluated primarily. The evaluation of the field condition results showed the mean length error 0.07–0.09 m for Impulse rangefinder, while 0.25–0.29 m for TruPulse rangefinder. The mean azimuth error was around 0.5 degree for MapStar compass and above 3 degrees for TruPulse. After this basic evaluation the data were used for the computation of four compass traverses using various measurement and computation methods. The results showed, that the compass measurement, especially using the Impulse + MapStar set, can be still a suitable method for lower accuracy surveying, although effective only in specific conditions.
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Tamrakar, Rabindra Man. "Potential Use of GPS Technology For Cadastral Surveys in Nepal." Journal on Geoinformatics, Nepal 12 (October 31, 2013): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njg.v12i0.9071.
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Global Positional Systems (GPS) now is competing with traditional surveying techniques in almost all fields of geodesy and cadastral surveying after the availability of highly productive new systems such as Real Time Kinematic (RTK) systems along with the use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Although the cadastral mapping of the entire Nepal was completed in 1996 using graphical survey with plane table technique, derived information from the existing maps now are outdated and do not fulfil the needs of the general public. Updating cadastral maps is not only necessary but vital in Nepal. Survey Department under the Ministry of Land Reforms & Management, Government of Nepal now has to adopt an appropriate innovative approach for cadastral mapping in the country in order to meet the growing public demands on reliable land information system, to provide speedy land administrative services as well as for overall development of the country. With continual research and development into GPS, the techniques and systems developed have become more reliable, cheaper and more productive, making GPS more attractive for a range of surveying solutions including cadastral mapping. Though high resources may be initially required for the RTK GPS technology for cadastral surveys in Nepal when compared to presently available optical surveying techniques, it would be justifiable in investing in GPS surveys. This technology, however, will not replace the existing survey techniques but it will provide another means in carrying out cadastral surveys especially in the area where the conventional technique is not economically and temporally viable. Nepalese Journal on Geoinformatics -12, 2070 (2013AD): 33-40
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Daliga and Kurałowicz. "Comparison of Different Measurement Techniques as Methodology for Surveying and Monitoring Stainless Steel Chimneys." Geosciences 9, no. 10 (October 2, 2019): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9100429.
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The measurement of a chimney axis is an engineering geodesy task. These measurements allow to assess the technical condition of chimneys and are usually carried out for reinforced concrete chimneys. When measuring high chimneys, the main problem may be the need to go a long distance to take a measurement. The surface of the chimney can also be problematic because it can absorb so much light from the range finder that total station reflectorless measurement or laser scanning will not be possible or will be affected by significant error. Chimneys made of stainless steel are also used today. They are not as high as reinforced concrete chimneys, but measuring them using reflectorless total stations or laser scanning can also be problematic. Problems arise from the reflective surface of these chimneys. The article presents a comparison of measurement results of a stainless steel chimney fragment obtained from total station measurement and laser scanning. Similarities and differences in the obtained axis of this chimney fragment are presented.
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Vrublova, Dana, Roman Kapica, Beata Gibesova, Jaroslav Mudruňka, and Adam Struś. "APPLICATION OF GNSS TECHNOLOGY IN SURFACE MINING." Geodesy and cartography 42, no. 4 (December 20, 2016): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2016.1268433.
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VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, institute of geodesy and mine surveying has been cooperating with Severočeske doly j.s.c. (SD) in important research project since 2007. The main goal is improve control system for opencast mining. Two bucket wheel excavators (K800/103 and KU300/27) were equipped with measurement hardware at the Libouš Lignite Mine (North Bohemia brown coal basin). The position of the bucket wheel centre is computed by means of GNSS data, inclinometer and incremental measurements. Data is transferred to a base. All the values measured are saved in this database. The surface layout of the mine as well as positions of underground geological layers are updated on a regular basis in the digital model of the mine. The main aim of the research is verifying the system in connection to digital model for short time prognosis of qualitative parameters of coal (Ad, Sd, Qr, Wr and MS), continuous automatic computation of mined materials (m3, tons) and continuous checking of creation of the movement surface/plane of the excavator and mining goals. Mine surveyors have a lead role in the working team. The paper describes possibilities of using the GNSS for mine surveying and for production planning.
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Habib, Maan, Yazan Alzubi, Ahmad Malkawi, and Mohammad Awwad. "Impact of interpolation techniques on the accuracy of large-scale digital elevation model." Open Geosciences 12, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0012.
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AbstractThere is no doubt that the tremendous development of information technology was one of the driving factors behind the great growth of surveying and geodesy science. This has spawned modern geospatial techniques for data capturing, acquisition, and visualization tools. Digital elevation model (DEM) is the 3D depiction of continuous elevation data over the Earth’s surface that is produced through many procedures such as remote sensing, photogrammetry, and land surveying. DEMs are essential for various surveying and civil engineering applications to generate topographic maps for construction projects at a scale that varies from 1:500 to 1:2,000. GIS offers a powerful tool to create a DEM with high resolution from accurate land survey measurements using interpolation methods. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of estimation techniques on generating a reliable and accurate DEM suitable for large-scale mapping. As a part of this study, the deterministic interpolation algorithms such as ANUDEM (Topo to Raster), inverse distance weighted (IDW), and triangulated irregular network (TIN) were tested using the ArcGIS desktop for elevation data obtained from real total station readings, with different landforms to show the effect of terrain roughness, data density, and interpolation process on DEM accuracy. Furthermore, comparison and validation of each interpolator were carried out through the cross-validation method and numerous graphical representations of the DEM. Finally, the results of the investigations showed that ANUDEM and TIN models are similar and significantly better than those attained from IDW.
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Dorozhynskyy, O. L. ,., I. Z. Kolb, L. V. Babiy, and L. V. Dychko. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 92,2020, no. 92 (December 24, 2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2020.92.015.
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Aim. Determination of the elements of external spatial orientation of the surveying systems at the moment of image acquisition is the fundamental task in photogrammetry. Principally, this problem is solving in two ways. The first way is direct positioning and measuring of directions of camera optical axis in the geodetic space with the help of GNSS/INS equipment. The second way is the analytical solution of the problem using a set of reference information (often such information is a set of ground control points whose geodetic positions are known with sufficient accuracy and which are reliably recognised on aerial images of the photogrammetric block). The authors consider the task of providing reference and control information using the second approach, which has a number of advantages in terms of reliability and accuracy of determining the unknown image exterior orientation parameters. It is proposed to obtain additional images of ground control points by the method of their auxiliary aerial photography using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on a larger scale compared to the scale of the images of the photogrammetric block. The aim of the presented work is the implementation of the method of creating reference points and experimental confirmation of its effectiveness for photogrammetric processing. Methods and results. For the entire realization of the potential of the analytical way to determine the elements of external orientation of images, it is necessary to have a certain number of ground control points (GCP) and to keep the defined scheme of their location on the photogrammetric block. As the main source of input data authors use UAV aerial images of the terrain, which are obtained separately from the block of aerial survey, and have a better geometric resolution and which clearly depict the control reference points. Application of such auxiliary images gives the possibility of automated transferring of the position of ground control point into images of the main photogrammetric block. In our interpretation, these images of ground control points and their surroundings on the ground are called "control reference images". The basis of the work is to develop a method for obtaining the auxiliary control reference images and transferring of position of GCP depicted on them into aerial or space images of terrain by means of computer stereo matching. To achieve this goal, we have developed a processing method for the creation of control reference images of aerial image or a series of auxiliary multi-scale aerial images obtained by a drone from different heights above the reference point. The operator identifies and measures the GCP once on the auxiliary aerial image of the highest resolution. Then there is an automatic stereo matching of the control reference image in the whole series of auxiliary images in succession with a decrease in the resolution and, ultimately, directly with the aerial images of photogrammetric block. On this stage there are no recognition/cursor targeting by the human operator, and therefore there are no discrepancies, errors or mistakes related to it. In addition, if to apply fairly large size of control reference images, the proposed method can be used on a low-texture terrain, and therefore deal in many cases without the physical marking of points measured by GNSS method. And this is a way to simplify and reduce the cost of photogrammetric technology. The action of the developed method has been verified experimentally to provide the control reference information of the block of archival aerial images of the low-texture terrain. The results of the experimental approbation of the proposed method give grounds to assert that the method makes it possible to perform geodetic reference of photogrammetric projects more efficiently due to the refusal of the physical marking of the area before aerial survey. The proposed method can also be used to obtain the information for checking the quality of photogrammetric survey for provision of check points. The authors argue that the use of additional equipment - UAV of semi-professional class to obtain control reference images is economically feasible. Scientific novelty and practical relevance. The results of approbation of the "control reference image" method with obtaining stereo pairs of aerial images with vertical placement of the base are presented for the first time. There was implemented the study of the properties of such stereo pairs of aerial images to obtain images of reference points. The effectiveness of including reference images in the main block of the digital aerial triangulation network created on UAV’s images is shown.
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Urbančič, Tilen, Oskar Sterle, and Klemen Kregar. "An Improved Approach for the Control Measurements of a Ski-Flying Hill Inrun: A Case Study of Planica." Sensors 20, no. 9 (May 8, 2020): 2680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092680.
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Ski jumping hills should be prepared for competitions in accordance with project documentation in order to ensure safe and fair conditions for competitors. Geodesy/surveying is essential for guiding preparations and controlling the actual shape of the hill. In this article, we present a methodology for the control measurements and preparation of an inrun for a ski-flying hill in Planica. On each side of the track, there is metal tube that guides the trolley, which mills tracks into the ice. A special platform containing three measuring prisms was designed to control the position of the tubes. The proposed method was thoroughly analyzed in terms of its measurement quality and compared to previously used methodologies. The empirical results suggest that our proposed platform provides inrun geometry with a higher quality than previously used methods.
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Wu, Xuejian, Zachary Pagel, Bola S. Malek, Timothy H. Nguyen, Fei Zi, Daniel S. Scheirer, and Holger Müller. "Gravity surveys using a mobile atom interferometer." Science Advances 5, no. 9 (September 2019): eaax0800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax0800.
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Mobile gravimetry is important in metrology, navigation, geodesy, and geophysics. Atomic gravimeters could be among the most accurate mobile gravimeters but are currently constrained by being complex and fragile. Here, we demonstrate a mobile atomic gravimeter, measuring tidal gravity variations in the laboratory and surveying gravity in the field. The tidal gravity measurements achieve a sensitivity of 37 μGal/Hz (1 μGal = 10 nm/s2) and a long-term stability of better than 2 μGal, revealing ocean tidal loading effects and recording several distant earthquakes. We survey gravity in the Berkeley Hills with an uncertainty of around 0.04 mGal and determine the density of the subsurface rocks from the vertical gravity gradient. With simplicity and sensitivity, our instrument paves the way for bringing atomic gravimeters to field applications.
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Li, Wei, and Ying Li. "Description and Improvement of Civil Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 677 (March 2013): 544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.677.544.
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Civil engineering deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings. As one course in professional engineering discipline, Civil Engineering is offered to undergraduate students. It aims to let students know environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, geophysics, geodesy, control engineering, structural engineering, biomechanics, nanotechnology, transportation engineering, earth science, atmospheric sciences, forensic engineering, municipal or urban engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering, surveying, and construction engineering. It requires to be constructed to keep it up-to-date with current development of civil engineering. Based on analysis of the current conditions of this course and aims for construction, it describes a construction plan, including revision of the teaching content, compiling of the textbook, improvement of teaching methods and class modes, preparation of test database and exercise database.
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Mirghasempour, M., and A. Y. Jafari. "THE ROLE OF ASTRO-GEODETIC IN PRECISE GUIDANCE OF LONG TUNNELS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (December 11, 2015): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-453-2015.
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One of prime aspects of surveying projects is guidance of paths of a long tunnel from different directions and finally ending all paths in a specific place. This kind of underground surveying, because of particular condition, has some different points in relation to the ground surveying, including Improper geometry in underground transverse, low precise measurement in direction and length due to condition such as refraction, distinct gravity between underground point and corresponding point on the ground (both value and direction of gravity) and etc. To solve this problems, astro-geodetic that is part of geodesy science, can help surveying engineers. In this article, the role of astronomy is defined in two subjects: <br><br> 1- Azimuth determination of directions from entrance and exit nets of tunnel and also calibration of gyro-theodolite to use them in Underground transvers: By astronomical methods, azimuth of directions can be determine with an accuracy of 0.5 arcsecond, whereas, nowadays, no gyroscope can measure the azimuth in this accuracy; For instance, accuracy of the most precise gyroscope (Gyromat 5000) is 1.2 cm over a distance of one kilometre (2.4 arcsecond). Furthermore, the calibration methods that will be mention in this article, have significance effects on underground transverse. <br><br> 2- Height relation between entrance point and exit point is problematic and time consuming; For example, in a 3 km long tunnel ( in Arak- Khoram Abad freeway), to relate entrance point to exit point, it is necessary to perform levelling about 90 km. Other example of this boring and time consuming levelling is in Kerman tunnel. This tunnel is 36 km length, but to transfer the entrance point height to exit point, 150 km levelling is needed. According to this paper, The solution for this difficulty is application of astro-geodetic and determination of vertical deflection by digital zenith camera system TZK2-D. These two elements make possible to define geoid profile in terms of tunnel azimuth in entrance and exit of tunnel; So by doing this, surveying engineers are able to transfer entrance point height to exit point of tunnels in easiest way.
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Diamanti, E., E. Spondylis, F. Vlachaki, and E. Kolyva. "SURVEYING THE UNDERWATER ARCAHEOLOGICAL SITE OF CAPE GLAROS AT PAGASETIKOS GULF." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W3 (February 23, 2017): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w3-243-2017.
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The Hellenic Institute of Marine Archaeology (H.I.M.A.)<sup>1</sup> has been conducting an underwater archaeological research in the west coast of southern Pagasetikos Gulf, since 2000. Every year the underwater research focuses on specific archaeological targets that have been recovered during previous field campaigns. The current publication elaborates on the comprehensive documentation of the underwater archaeological site at Cape Glaros, during the 2015 field season, under the direction of the archaeologist Elias Spondylis. The 2015 research campaign was conducted within the framework of the ITACA- <i>Innovation Technologies and Applications for Coastal Archaeological sites</i> European Project (FP7/2007-2013, <i>GA No 606805</i>), at two archaeological sites, namely the Cape Glaros and Metohi. It was among the most important challenges of the project to successfully produce the detailed and accurate 3D mapping of the Cape Glaros site that covers an extended area. Four large concentrations of pottery finds and numerous anchors of different typology have been recorded, that can be dated from the late Hellenistic to the Byzantine periods. This challenge was tackled through the simultaneous implementation of three recording methods; photogrammetry, geodesy and conventional architectural mapping. The workflow of the documentation process, including data acquisition, processing and graphic visualization, along with the derived results are presented below.<br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br> <sup>1</sup>The Hellenic Institute of Marine Archaeology (H.I.M.A.) is a private, non-profit organization, founded in 1973, which undertakes maritime archaeological research under the supervision or in collaboration with the Greek Ministry of Culture. It has over 100 members, with diverse academic credentials, all of whom work, mainly, on a voluntary basis. 3D recording of underwater archaeological sites has been applied to numerous projects that have been carried out by the multidisciplinary team of H.I.M.A. in locations of utmost archaeological importance and interest, such as Modi island (Poros) and numerous wreck sites in Pagasetikos and South Euboean (Diamanti, Vlachaki, 2015) Gulfs and others.
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Lau, Lawrence, Hiroaki Tateshita, and Kazutoshi Sato. "Impact of Multi-GNSS on Positioning Accuracy and Multipath Errors in High-Precision Single-Epoch Solutions – A Case Study in Ningbo China." Journal of Navigation 68, no. 5 (March 31, 2015): 999–1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463315000168.
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Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier phase-based precise positioning has been widely using in geodesy and surveying applications, and other high accuracy positioning and navigation applications in the last two decades. More Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are being developed and it is usually expected that combining GNSS will have a positive impact on positioning accuracy. This paper describes a case study carried out at Ningbo in China on the impact of multi-GNSS on RTK single epoch solutions. Both GPS and GLONASS are fully operational now. Moreover, the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) can be observed at Ningbo. Currently, only one QZSS satellite “MICHIBIKI” is operational. This paper carries out an early assessment of the impact of QZSS on GPS and GLONASS single-epoch high precision positioning (i.e., single-epoch positioning accuracy assessment) and investigates the multipath errors in the GPS, GLONASS and QZSS multi-frequency data.
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Kozlova, Anastasiia, and Yulia Golyakova. "The role of forensic examination in judicial practice." E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019): 02120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911002120.
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Forensic examination is one of the most reliable means of proof in civil, criminal, administrative and arbitration proceedings. There are many different examinations that can be divided into groups. One of such types is the forensic land expertise. Forensic land expertise is an analysis, a study conducted by specialists in the field of geodesy and cadastre of real estate objects (cadastral engineers), land management materials and title documents for a land plot with actual land use. The article considers an example from the real practice of conducting a forensic land expertise. For the expertise, the expert independently conducted a geodetic survey. The importance of land management expertise, as well as knowledge of an expert in the field of land and civil law, is noted. The problem of the lack of a developed methodology for conducting a land surveying is revealed. To solve this problem, stages of work were identified, and a version of methodological recommendations was proposed.
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Szafranska, Beata, Malgorzata Busko, Oleksandra Kovalyshyn, and Pavlo Kolodiy. "Building a Spatial Information System to Support the Development of Agriculture in Poland and Ukraine." Agronomy 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121884.
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The space of rural areas is subject to constant changes in terms of structure and development. The area structure of rural areas, especially in the south and east of Poland, remains unsatisfactory. The weakness of Polish agriculture is the fragmentation of the area structure of its farms; this was due to historical, natural, economic and social factors and, to a large extent, tradition. Therefore, the current status of agricultural land in Poland requires carrying out many arrangement and agricultural operations. In Ukraine, there is also no coherent IT system that would allow for the efficient management of rural space and agriculture. In order to conduct a coherent rural development policy in the region, the self-governments in Poland and in Ukraine are facing the need to expand the existing spatial information infrastructure system. This study is a proposal to expand the spatial information system with elements related only to agricultural surveying. To this end, the concept of building the Agricultural Geodesy Module was created as an element of the region’s spatial information system. The Agricultural Land Surveying Module will be an information repository and will enable powering the region’s database. Data supplying the repository will be divided into source data, operational data, metadata and final studies, such as analyses or reports. These data will not only be used by the local government of the region, but will also be made available to external users.
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I.I., Erilova. "EXPERIENCE IN PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE INNOVATIVE METHOD OF BLENDED LEARNING FOR THE MINING PROFESSIONS STUDENTS, DISCIPLINES: "GEODESY" AND "MINE SURVEYING"." Mining Informational and analytical bulletin 1, no. 1 (2018): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2018-1-1-79-89.
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Calero, D., E. Fernandez, and M. E. Parés. "AUTONOMOUS WHEELED ROBOT PLATFORM TESTBED FOR NAVIGATION AND MAPPING USING LOW-COST SENSORS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W8 (November 13, 2017): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w8-67-2017.
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This paper presents the concept of an architecture for a wheeled robot system that helps researchers in the field of geomatics to speed up their daily research on kinematic geodesy, indoor navigation and indoor positioning fields. The presented ideas corresponds to an extensible and modular hardware and software system aimed at the development of new low-cost mapping algorithms as well as at the evaluation of the performance of sensors. The concept, already implemented in the CTTC's system ARAS (Autonomous Rover for Automatic Surveying) is generic and extensible. This means that it is possible to incorporate new navigation algorithms or sensors at no maintenance cost. Only the effort related to the development tasks required to either create such algorithms needs to be taken into account. As a consequence, change poses a much small problem for research activities in this specific area. This system includes several standalone sensors that may be combined in different ways to accomplish several goals; that is, this system may be used to perform a variety of tasks, as, for instance evaluates positioning algorithms performance or mapping algorithms performance.
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Engel, P., and B. Schweimler. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPEN-SOURCE AUTOMATIC DEFORMATION MONITORING SYSTEM FOR GEODETICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL MEASUREMENTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W8 (April 7, 2016): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xl-5-w8-25-2016.
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The deformation monitoring of structures and buildings is an important task field of modern engineering surveying, ensuring the standing and reliability of supervised objects over a long period. Several commercial hardware and software solutions for the realization of such monitoring measurements are available on the market. In addition to them, a research team at the Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences (NUAS) is actively developing a software package for monitoring purposes in geodesy and geotechnics, which is distributed under an open source licence and free of charge. The task of managing an open source project is well-known in computer science, but it is fairly new in a geodetic context. This paper contributes to that issue by detailing applications, frameworks, and interfaces for the design and implementation of open hardware and software solutions for sensor control, sensor networks, and data management in automatic deformation monitoring. It will be discussed how the development effort of networked applications can be reduced by using free programming tools, cloud computing technologies, and rapid prototyping methods.
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Seip, Christian, and Ralf Bill. "A Framework for the Evaluation of Marine Spatial Data Infrastructures – Accompanied by International Case-Studies." GeoScience Engineering 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2016-0015.
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Abstract Germany is currently developing a marine data infrastructure addressing different topics such as coastal engineering, hydrography and surveying, protection of the marine environment, maritime conservation, regional planning, and coastal research. This undertaking is embedded in a series of regulations and developments at many administrative levels, from which specifications and courses of action are derived. To set up a conceptual framework for the marine data infrastructure of Germany (MDI-DE), scientists at the Chair for Geodesy and Geoinformatics at the Rostock University are building a reference model, evaluating meta-information systems and developing models to support common workflows in marine applications. Evaluating how other countries built their marine spatial infrastructures is important to learn where obstacles and errors are likely to occur. To be able to look at other initiatives from a neutral point of view, it is necessary to construct a framework for evaluating marine spatial data infrastructures (MSDI). This framework is then used to analyse and evaluate the efforts of Canada, Australia, and Ireland with respect to marine data infrastructures.
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Ashkenazi, V., C. J. Hill, T. Moore, W. Y. Ochieng, J. Storey, R. Rawlings, and C. V. Cleasby. "The Use of Airborne Differential GPS to Detect Coordinate and Calibration Errors in DME Navigation Aids." Journal of Navigation 48, no. 1 (January 1995): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300012455.
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In May 1993, in support of Eurocontrol's WGS 84 Implementation Programme, a project was undertaken to assess the accuracy of navigation aid coordinates. The exercise involved flying a route over a number of European countries, in an aircraft which was equipped for multi-DME ‘data puddle’ position updating, and which also carried Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. This test flight, carried out under contract to Eurocontrol, involved two parties, namely the Defence Research Agency (DRA) Bedford, who provided the airborne trials facility and DME data, and the Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy (IESSG) at the University of Nottingham, who provided an analysis of the DME coordinate accuracy.The aim of this test flight was to assess whether it is possible to determine independently the (WGS 84) coordinates of DME ground stations from the air, by using the same DME range measurements which are used to update aircraft position information in-flight. The procedure used to determine DME coordinates involves reversing the position updating principle. Instead of taking the DME ground station coordinates as known points and using the DME range measurements to determine the aircraft's position, the aircraft's position is independently determined (from DGPS) and the range measurements are used to estimate the coordinates of the DME ground stations.
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Mervart, Leoš, and Aleš Čepek. "Geoinformatics Study at the CTU in Prague." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 1 (December 17, 2006): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.1.1.
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<p>At the CTU in Prague, there is a long tradition of master degree courses in geodesy, geodetic surveying and cartography. Taking into account the fast development of information technologies in recent decades, we decided to prepare a new study program that would combine computer science with a background of geodetic and cartographic know-how. Apart from other sources, our plans were inspired and influenced by the Review of Education Needs, a report prepared by Stig Enemark (Prague 1998), and by our experience from several Virtual Academy workshops.</p><p><br />We have decided to call this program “Geoinformatics” to emphasize the role of computer technologies in collecting, analyzing and exploiting information about our planet. Within this presentation we will explain the basic ideas behind our new study program and emphasize the features that distinguish it from classical geodetic or cartographic programs. We will mention the connection between our new study program and several geodetic and software projects running at our institute – software development for real-time GPS applications, cooperation with the Astronomical Institute, University of Berne, on the development of so-called Bernese GPS Software, the GNU project Gama for adjustment of geodetic networks, etc.</p>
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Zhao, L., X. Fu, G. Zhu, J. Zhang, C. Han, and L. Cheng. "DISCUSSION ON HEIGHT SYSTEMS IN STEREOSCOPIC MAPPING USING THE ZY-3 SATELLITE IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 2385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-2385-2018.
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The ZY-3 is the civil high-resolution optical stereoscopic mapping satellite independently developed by China. It is mainly used for 1&thinsp;:&thinsp;50,000 scale topographic mapping. One of the distinguishing features of the ZY-3 is that the panchromatic triplet camera can obtain thousands of kilometers of continuous strip stereo data. The working mode is suitable for wide-range stereoscopic mapping, in particular global DEM extraction. The ZY-3 constellation is operated in a sun-synchronous at an altitude 505&thinsp;km, with a 10:30&thinsp;AM equator crossing time and a 29-day revisiting period. The panchromatic triplet sensors have excellent base-to-height ratio, which is advantageous for obtaining good mapping accuracy.<br> In this paper the China quasi-geoid, EGM2008 and the height conversion method are discussed. It is pointed out that according to the current surveying and mapping specifications, almost all maps and charts use mean sea level for elevation. Experiments on bundle adjustment and DEM extraction with different height systems have been carried out in Liaoning Province of China. The results show that the similar accuracy can be obtained using different elevation system. According to the principle of geodesy and photogrammetry, it is recommended to use ellipsoidal height for satellite photogrammetric calculation and use the orthometric height in mapping production.
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Aquino, Marcio, Terry Moore, Alan Dodson, Sam Waugh, Jock Souter, and Fabiano S. Rodrigues. "Implications of Ionospheric Scintillation for GNSS Users in Northern Europe." Journal of Navigation 58, no. 2 (April 18, 2005): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463305003218.
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Extensive ionospheric scintillation and Total Electron Content (TEC) data were collected by the Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy (IESSG) in Northern Europe during years of great impact of the solar maximum on GNSS users (2001–2003). The ionospheric TEC is responsible for range errors due to its time delay effect on transionospheric signals. Electron density irregularities in the ionosphere, occurring frequently during these years, are responsible for (phase and amplitude) fluctuations on GNSS signals, known as ionospheric scintillation. Since June 2001 four GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitor receivers (the NovAtel/AJ Systems GSV4004) have been deployed at stations in the UK and Norway, forming a Northern European network, covering geographic latitudes from 53° to 70° N approximately. These receivers compute and record GPS phase and amplitude scintillation parameters, as well as TEC and TEC variations. The project involved setting up the network and developing automated archiving and data analysis strategies, aiming to study the impact of scintillation on DGPS and EGNOS users, and on different GPS receiver technologies. In order to characterise scintillation and TEC variations over Northern Europe, as well as investigate correlation with geomagnetic activity, long-term statistical analyses were also produced. This paper summarises our findings, providing an overview of the potential implications of ionospheric scintillation for the GNSS user in Northern Europe.
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Teferle, F. N., R. M. Bingley, S. D. P. Williams, T. F. Baker, and A. H. Dodson. "Using continuous GPS and absolute gravity to separate vertical land movements and changes in sea-level at tide-gauges in the UK." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1841 (February 22, 2006): 917–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1746.
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Researchers investigating climate change have used historical tide-gauge measurements from all over the world to investigate the changes in sea-level that have occurred over the last century or so. However, such estimates are a combination of any true sea-level variations and any vertical movements of the land at the specific tide-gauge. For a tide- gauge record to be used to determine the climate related component of changes in sea-level, it is therefore necessary to correct for the vertical land movement component of the observed change in sea-level. In 1990, the Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy and Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory started developing techniques based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) for measuring vertical land movements (VLM) at tide-gauges in the UK. This paper provides brief details of these early developments and shows how they led to the establishment of continuous GPS (CGPS) stations at a number of tide-gauges. The paper then goes on to discuss the use of absolute gravity (AG), as an independent technique for measuring VLM at tide-gauges. The most recent results, from CGPS time-series dating back to 1997 and AG time-series dating back to 1995/1996, are then used to demonstrate the complementarity of these two techniques and their potential for providing site-specific estimates of VLM at tide-gauges in the UK.
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El-Ghazouly, Ahmed A., Mohamed Elhabiby, and Naser El-Sheimy. "Assessment of wavelets analysis for carrier-phase multipath mitigationThis article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme GEODESY." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 46, no. 8 (August 2009): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e09-023.
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In carrier-phase measurements, which are the most precise observations for Global Positioning System (GPS) relative positioning, multipath error is still a factor that interferes with achieving the desired accuracy. Various improvements in receiver and antenna technologies, as well as modeling strategies, have resulted in better ways of coping with this error source. However, errors caused by multipath can be as large as 5 cm, which is not an acceptable accuracy, especially in precise surveying applications like deformation monitoring. In this paper, a full assessment of different wavelets techniques that can be used in multipath mitigation is made to evaluate the optimum way of using wavelets to reduce or remove this type of error. Also, a new approach based on the wavelet detrending technique is introduced to remove carrier-phase multipath error in the measurement domain. To mitigate multipath, GPS double-difference observables are fed to an adaptive wavelet analysis procedure based on high- and low-pass filter decomposition with different levels of resolution. Consequently, the observable sequences are corrected; these corrected observables can then be used to reduce the ambiguity search volume during the initial float solution stage. Meanwhile, double-difference observations with multipath mitigation offer an efficient method for obtaining a better baseline solution.
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Pavelka, K., E. Matoušková, and K. Pavelka jr. "THE CONTRIBUTION OF GEOMATIC TECHNOLOGIES TO BIM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W3 (December 5, 2019): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w3-85-2019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. There are many definitions of the commonly used abbreviation BIM, but one can say that each user or data supplier has different idea about it. There can be an economic view, or other aspects like surveying, material, engineering, maintenance, etc. The common definition says that Building Information Modelling or Building Information Management (BIM) is a digital model representing a physical and functional object with its characteristics. The model serves as a database of object information for its design, construction and operation over its life cycle, i.e. from the initial concept to the removal of the building. BIM is a collection of interconnected digital information in both protected and open formats, recording graphical and non-graphical data on model elements. There are two facets: a) BIM created simultaneously with the project, or project designed directly in BIM (it is typical of new objects designed in CAD systems - for example in the Revit software) or b) BIM for old or historical objects. The former is a modern technology, which is nowadays used worldwide. From the engineer’s perspective, the issue is the creation of BIM for older objects. In this case, it is crucial to obtain a precise 3D data set - complex 3D documentation of an object is needed and it is created using various surveying techniques. The most popular technique is laser scanning or digital automatic photogrammetry, from which a point cloud is derived. But this is not the main result. While classical geodesy gives selective localized information, the above-mentioned technologies give unselected information and provide huge datasets. Fully automatic technologies that would select important information from the point cloud are still under development. This seems to be a task for the coming years. Large amounts of data can be acquired automatically and quickly, but getting the expected information is another matter. These problems will be analysed in this paper. Data conversion to BIM, especially for older objects, will be shown on several case studies. The first is an older technical building complex transferred to BIM, the second one is a historical building, and the third one will be a historic medieval bridge (Charles Bridge in Prague). The last part of this paper will refer to aspects and benefits of using Virtual Reality in BIM.