Academic literature on the topic 'Geodetic leveling'

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Journal articles on the topic "Geodetic leveling"

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Burak, Kostyantyn O., and Kostiantyn Yarosh. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 93,2021, no. 93 (June 23, 2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2021.93.085.

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The purpose of this work is to show the prospects and the need to continue work in Ukraine on the creation of anti-aircraft systems and astronomical geodetic leveling (a combination of astronomical and high-precision geometric leveling), using GNSS and instruments that provide accurate measurements of deviations of the temple 0.1 geodynamic landfills and man-made, which create for the construction of a height foundation for the construction and operation of extremely important facilities. The method of achieving the goal is provided by theoretical studies of existing methods of astronomical and geodetic leveling, modern methods of forecasting neotectonic processes, GNSS accuracy and geometric leveling. The main results - the possibility of using astronomical and geodetic leveling in the forecast of catastrophic deformations of the earth's surface, including earthquakes, control of the results of geometric and GNSS leveling.Scientific novelty: recommendations for the use of astronomical and geodetic leveling of specially created profiles on geodynamic landfills for forecasting neotectonic processes, GNSS control and geometric leveling using the geoidal component, the idea of synchronous observations using zenith systems in astronomical and geodetic leveling.
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TREVOHO, I., A. DRBAL, E. ILKIV, and M. GALYARNYK. "Research of technical characteristics of wall leveling signs in the context of the ethymology of terms." Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 41, no. I (April 1, 2021): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-41-55-60.

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The aim is to clarify the etymology of the terms “wall leveling mark” and “wall leveling benchmark” in the context of the historical sequence of the appearance of leveling networks in the Ukrainian lands to present the author’s view on these definitions in scientific reference and encyclopedic geodetic literature. To conduct a chronological study of the phenomenon of leveling wall signs of different structures and the corresponding technologies of binding to them in leveling networks, which were created in the Ukrainian lands during the XIX–XXI centuries. Pay attention to the fact that level marks and wall frames, which are valid (working) independent geodetic signs in leveling networks, due to long-term operation are carriers of important geodetic information. Method. To study the results of the analysis of historical sources, standards, reference, encyclopedic and scientific literature in the context of the analysis of the definitions of “level mark” and “wall benchmark” was used analysis of patterns of functioning of the relevant geodetic terminological units. Results. On the territory of Ukraine during the XIX–XXI centuries. Created a leveling (height) network [State Geodetic Network, experimental operation], which operates to this day. The functioning of the leveling (height) network is regulated by legislative acts and regulations. Thanks to the geo-portal of the DGM of Ukraine created by NDIGK, it is possible to obtain information about the preserved level signs. The peculiarity of the leveling (height) network is that it was created by different departments of different countries [Glushkov V.V., 2003] with different height systems and taking into account the access of Ukrainian lands to the Black Sea. All this led to the use of different designs of wall leveling signs and, accordingly, their interpretation, which is not sufficiently reflected in the geodetic reference and regulatory literature. Scientific novelty. The performed comprehensive analysis of information sources can serve as a basis for development of scientific and technical recommendations formonitoring of level signs ofDGMofUkraine and will allow to reveal weaknesses of their functioning which are caused by changes in vital activity of the city environment. The practical value of the work is to solve the problem of distinguishing the production characteristics of the wall leveling mark and wall leveling benchmark, which are fixed leveling signs in geodetic networks of thickening and leveling networks to develop technical developments for inspection and updating points II, leveling networks classes and geodetic networks of thickening in the context of monitoring of geodetic points of DGM of Ukraine and their corresponding representation in the scientific and reference geodetic literature.
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Ustavich, Georgij A., Anton V. Nikonov, Ivan A. Mezentsev, and Elena A. Oleynikova. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHOD OF FAN-SHAPED TRIGONOMETRIC LEVELING." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 26, no. 6 (2021): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2021-26-6-33-47.

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The article deals with the method of fan-shaped engineering and geodetic leveling carried out with the trigonometric method. The essence of this technique is to lay a leveling stroke in a trigonometric way with simultaneous leveling of several points at the station. The proposed method of engineering and geodetic leveling can be applied to determine the height position of buildings, installing embedded parts, verifying technological equipment, monitoring deformation processes, as well as ensuring the installation and operation of crane tracks of overhead cranes. The implementation of this technique allows determining the altitude position of points located on different horizons. The advantage of the proposed method is the possibility to carry out leveling with a significant inequality of the shoulders, as well as the possibility of choosing a leveling station with minimal influence of disturbing factors.
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Mozzhukhin, O. A. "Refraction in bilateral trigonometric leveling. Defi nition of corrections." Geodesy and Cartography 934, no. 4 (May 20, 2018): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2018-934-4-8-13.

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The practical application of bilateral trigonometric leveling in geodetic measurements is limited by the effect of atmospheric refraction. If this effect is eliminated, the accuracy of bilateral measurements can be comparable to the results of precise geometric leveling. By applying the similarity and modeling method to the problem of accounting for refraction in leveling and also taking into account the conditions of interaction of the optical beam with the physical processes taking place in the surface layer, these limitations can be minimized. The solution of the problem of determining corrections due to the influence of refraction in bilateral trigonometric leveling by simulation of the quantities participating in the process, obtained through joint geodetic and meteorological measurements, as well as the main provisions – in unilateral leveling, which are the basis for the method of bilateral measurements. Practical examples show the features of calculation of corrections, depending on the state of thermal stratification of the surface layer of the atmosphere.
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Shevshenko, G. G. "Using search methods for leveling and assessing the accuracy of elementary geodetic constructions." Geodesy and Cartography 952, no. 10 (November 20, 2019): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2019-952-10-10-20.

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The author provides information about the search methods of adjustment and assessment of the elementary geodetic constructions accuracy on the example of a geodesic triangle under various initial conditions. An algorithm for combining Powell and DSC search methods used to solve the problem posed in the article is given. To equalize the geodesic constructions under consideration by the search method, a program for finding the minimum of the objective function is made, it implements the algorithm described in the article. This program works in the Microsoft Excel format as a macro recorded in the VBA language. Examples of equalization calculations are given. Accuracy assessment of the adjustment results by the search method of the geodesic triangle under different initial conditions is performed. The obtained adjustment results and accuracy estimates are compared with the calculations performed in the NW program by Professor Kougiya V. A. confirmed the correctness of the search method application.
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NALIVAYKO, Tar, Tet NALIVAYKO, and D. KAZACHENKO. "Rationale for a geodesic monitoring system using a variable length rail." Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 41, no. I (April 1, 2021): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-41-68-73.

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The purpose of improvement of the accepted geodetic decisions concerning the program of geodetic monitoring of highrise buildings of a difficult design taking into account conditions of the increased danger of a construction site Method. Execution of geodetic observations of subsidence of a multi-storey building under the condition of joint use of invar rail and rail of variable length according to the leveling program of the first class. Comparative observations of the displacement of the structure using a high-precision optical theodolite and an electronic total station. Results. Improved methods and geodetic accessories for determining the plan-height deformations of buildings erected in difficult geological conditions. . Scientific novelty. Search and collection of initial information, analysis of normative documentation on the organization of geodetic monitoring of deformation of engineering structures are carried out. Methods for determining the deformations of engineering structures are analyzed. The advantages of class I geodetic observations with the help of accurate optical geodetic instruments over other methods are proved. Comparative studies of the accuracy of a modern electronic total station and a high-precision optical theodolite were performed in the field. The planned and height dynamics of deformation processes of building structures during the construction period and at the initial stage of operation are determined. A comparative analysis of the results of determining the deposition of the pile field by methods of loading piles with hydraulic jacks and the load from the actual mass of the aboveground part of the house. It is established that the largest deformations of the structure occur at the initial stage of construction and gradually fade after its completion. The calculation of the accuracy of geodetic works with the joint use of traditional invar rails and rails of new design. Practical value. The organization and conduct of geodetic works to monitor the deformation processes of multi-storey buildings on the developed technology of precision leveling contributes to the timely establishment of maximum allowable values of deformation, risk prevention, to preserve the safety of residential complexes under difficult geological conditions. A new design of the leveling rail and a leveling technique with the simultaneous use of a standard invar rail and developed by the authors have been developed. Improved method of linear-angular measurements for monitoring the planned deformations of buildings.
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Seksembaev, Serik, Natalia Kobeleva, and Anton Nikonov. "ESPECIALLY GEODETIC MONITORING WHEN SURVEILLANCE OF BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS OF ENERGY FACILITIES DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PERIOD." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1, no. 2 (2019): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-1-2-39-47.

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Observations of the precipitation of buildings and structures of industrial enterprises are part of geodetic monitoring, which is carried out both during the construction of the facility and during the operational period. Systematic geodetic measurements in the framework of monitoring is of great importance to ensure the safe operation of the engineering facility and in some cases can pre-vent man-made accidents, environmental disasters. The article presents the results of determining the absolute values of sediment foundations of buildings, structures and equipment of one of the thermal power plants under construction. The peculiarity of the measurements on the object is the use of fan-shaped trigonometric leveling, which allowed to significantly speed up the implementa-tion of the field stage of work. Leveling was performed by electronic total station Leica TS-06 with the accuracy of measuring the vertical angles of 2ʹʹ. Residuals of closed polygons and field control measurements at the station showed high accuracy of trigonometric leveling, comparable with geo-metric leveling class II.
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Craymer, Michael R., Petr Vaníček, and Robert O. Castle. "Estimation of rod scale errors in geodetic leveling." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 100, B8 (August 10, 1995): 15129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95jb00614.

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I.S., Trevoho, and Tsyupak I.M. "Prospects of Metrological Provision Linear Geodetic of Measurements on the Geodetic Test Field." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 94, no. 1 (October 1, 2013): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2013-0007.

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Abstract This paper gives brief information on existing metrological support for the Yavoriv of scientific of the geodetic of test field (SGTF) for testing of modern of surveying equipment (rangefinders, electronic total stations and GNSS receivers). Analyzed ways to improve the fundamental geodetic network and the standard linear of basis, as working standards for testing, in accordance, GNSS receivers and a rangefinders, as well as for study an accuracy technology of GNSS leveling.
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Stiros, S., P. Triantafillides, and A. Chasapis. "GEODETIC EVIDENCE FOR ACTIVE UPLIFT OF THE OLYMBUS MT, GREECE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 4 (January 1, 2004): 1697. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16577.

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Repeated leveling data collected between 1964-1989 along a traverse crossing the Tempi Valley and the Olymbus Mt (Greece) domai uplift testify to a small, though significant (4-21 ±1.2- 4.7mm) bulging of the central part of the traverse relative to its edges. In combination with coastal observations indicating land uplift at the eastern part of the traverse, as well as with structural and engineering geology observations excluding the possibility the overall pattern of observed displacements to reflect local instability effects, leveling data probably indicate a small amplitude domai uplift. The later is likely to reflect the continuation of the process responsible for the formation of the Olymbus-Ossa Mts, for uncovering of upper mantle rocks and for the impressive incision in the Tempi Valley. Furthermore, the lack of seismicity during the period covered by leveling data indicates that the Olymbus uplift is at least partly associated with aseismic processes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Geodetic leveling"

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Milbert, Dennis G. "Treatment of geodetic leveling in the integrated geodesy approach /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487594970652341.

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Kováč, Michal. "Geodetické měření posunů a deformací mostu "Gagarin"." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226358.

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The content of this master´s thesis is a geodetic measuring of movements and deformations of skeleton and underwork of „Gagarin“ railway bridge during the seventh period and processing of the data got. This was done by comparison of the movements according to the fifth and sixth period. The work includes also the calibration of appliance used. The results involve figures of the movements with their graphic interpretation and calibration sheets of the appliance.
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Davison, M. "Refraction effects in precise surveying measurements." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378767.

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Suchánková, Tereza. "Geodetické činnosti při rekonstrukci vozovky v ulici Otakara Ševčíka." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-414318.

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The subject of this diploma thesis is a description of complex surveying activities during the reconstruction of the road in Otakara Ševčíka Street in cadastral area Židenice. This work describes connection of the points to the coordinate system S-JTSK and to the height system Bpv. Geodetic documentation is made for individual measurements and laying out. Next is the analysis of measurement accuracy and comparison of achieved values with deviations specified in the relevant ČSN.
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Czíria, Kornél. "Měření posunů a přetvoření mostu Gagarin." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390178.

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The work deals with a complex analysis of displacements and deformations of one bridge span of the railway bridge "Gagarin". The bridge structure was since 2009 annually measured. In addition to long-term monitoring of the bridge a 24-hour automatized monitoring was conducted in 2015 using robotic total station. The results of monitoring enables the analysis of displacements and deformations, analysis of measurement accuracy and also environmental influences on the structure - determination of the temperature dependence of deformations. Another part of the work is evaluating the long-term stability of the height reference frame that was used for geodetic epoch measuring of the bridge columns. The results of the work are the values of detected displacements and deformations, their graphical illustration, geometric interpretation and relevant characteristics of accuracy.
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Dalheimer, Jan. "Transformation av geodetiska höjdnät med flygburen laserskanning : En inledande genomförbarhetsstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27775.

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När kraven på mätosäkerhet är hög vid geodetiska mätningar behövs geodetiska referenssystem realiserade av geodetiska nät av hög kvalitet. Etableringen och transformation till överordnade referenssystem i höjd av dessa nät genomförs idag ofta med terrestra metoder som avvägning, vilket är ett noggrant men tidskrävande arbete. Det finns flera försök att använda sig av andra metoder såsom GNSS, men en möjlighet skulle även vara att använda punktmoln från flygburen laserskanning. Detta arbetes syfte är att undersöka om punktmoln kan användas till transformation av ett geodetiskt höjdnät i Sandvikens kommun. Nätet består av cirka 500 fixpunkter och har 2010 transformerats till RH2000 av Lantmäteriet. Det använda punktmolnet har producerats av Lantmäteriet och har en medelavvikelse om 0,05 m på plana hårdgjorda ytor. Detta är relativt högt då vanligen osäkerheter på millimeternivå önskas vid transformationer. Men eftersom medeltal kan reducera slumpmässiga avvikelser i enskilda mätningar kan en transformation bestående av ett medelhöjdskift möjligen ge ett tillfredsställande resultat. Medelhöjdskiftet är då ett medeltal av flera höjdskift beräknade på olika ställen i punktmolnet. Genom att avväga höjdskillnaden mellan fixpunkterna i nätet och punkter på markytan som med olika metoder höjdbestäms utifrån punktmolnet har höjder för fixpunkterna enligt punktmolnet erhållits. Dessa har jämförts med RH2000 höjder enligt Lantmäteriets transformation för att beräkna en avvikelse, samt med de äldre lokala höjderna för att beräkna ett höjdskift. Genom att beräkna medelvärde och dess osäkerhet för höjdskiftet över hela nätet har en uppfattning om metodens lämplighet erhållits. Höjdskiften låg överlag inom några millimeter från det som Lantmäteriet beräknat, med 3 mm osäkerhet för den överlag bästa metoden. Även om höjdskiftets och därmed transformationens osäkerhet delvis blev något hög jämfört med avvägning så kan punktmoln ändå vara ett lämpligt alternativ. Speciellt i mera avlägsna områden utan bra anknytningar till det överordnade nätet kan det vara intressant. Det finns dock många parametrar som ännu inte utforskats, bland annat vissa eventuella systematiska avvikelser.
When the requirements on accuracy and precision are high for geodetic measurements you need geodetic reference systems realized with geodetic control networks of high quality. Today, establishment and transformation to higher order reference systems for height usually uses terrestrial methods like levelling. While highly accurate these result in time consuming work. There have been a couple attempts at using other methods for this task, for example GNSS, but another possibility might be usage of point clouds from airborne laser scanning. As a starting point for further studies this study attempts to use point clouds to transform a geodetic height network in Sandviken municipality, Sweden. The network consists of around 500 benchmarks and has been transformed to the national reference system for height, RH2000, by the Swedish national geodetic survey (Lantmäteriet) in 2010. The point cloud used is also produced by Lantmäteriet and is said to have a mean error of 0,05 m. This is relatively high since the requirements usually are in the millimeter range when determining transformation parameters, but if the transformation only consist of a single height shift calculated as a mean from several height shifts derived from the point cloud any random errors in the point cloud should be reduced. By measuring the height difference between benchmarks and points on the ground, that through different methods are given heights according to the point cloud, heights of the benchmarks have been determined according according to the point cloud. These can be compared to heights in RH2000 according to the transformation performed by Lantmäteriet to see their deviation from the assumed true value. Further comparisons against the older local heights of the benchmarks give a height shift that can be used as a simple transformation. By calculating a mean and uncertainty an estimation of the suitability of the method can be achieved. The all height shifts deviated a few millimeters from the result Lantmäteriet got, with uncertainties around 3 mm for the overall best method. Even if the uncertainty of the shift and therefore the transformation ended up somewhat high compared to what Lantmäteriet achieved it is still believed that point clouds may be or become a viable alternative. Especially in more remote regions without good connections to the higher order network. There are many parameters that have not yet been explored though, as well as some potential systematic errors that should be further investigated.
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Faisal, Ali Ali, and David Wennberg. "Etablering av ett nytt höjdnät i RH 2000 vid Högskolan i Gävle." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35139.

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RH 2000 är Sveriges nationella höjdsystem och det bygger på den tredje precisionsvägningen som genomfördes i Sverige mellan 1979 och 2003. Nätet för RH 2000 har en starkare geometri och är mer homogent än vid de tidigare två precisionsavvägningarna och höjdnäten (RH 00, RH 70). Under de senaste 14 åren har mycket arbete lagts ned på att få kommuner, myndigheter och andra samhällsaktörer att byta till RH 2000, detta för att få enhetlighet och främja datautbyte. Nu har de flesta aktörer anslutit sig till det nya nätet, men det finns fortfarande de som använder de äldre referenssystemen från den de två tidigare precisionsavvägningarna.  Högskolan i Gävle har länge använt sig av ett höjdnät som anslutits till RH 70. Man har visserligen gjort en preliminär anslutning till RH 2000, men denna har gjorts genom mätning med Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) och den nationella geoidmodellen. Höjdnätet skall ligga till grund för högskolan inom utbildning och forskning inom lantmäteriteknik, det är därför ett bra höjdnät behövs vid HiG. Nätet bör vara av hög kvalité, och det är därför viktigt att etablera nätet genom avvägning. Höjdbestämning med GNSS har högre osäkerhet jämfört med den traditionella metoden för etablering av höjdnät (avvägning). Ett syfte med denna studie är att etablera ett nytt stomnät i höjd som är hållbart över tid vid Högskolan i Gävles campus och genom finavvägning ansluta detta till riksnätet för det nationella höjdsystemet RH 2000 på ett så bra och tillförlitligt sätt som möjligt. Ett annat syfte är också att undersöka och jämföra skillnad i höjd mellan de nya och äldre höjdnätsrealiseringarna vid skolan, samt även att undersöka hur de nya avvägda RH 2000-höjderna stämmer med geoidmodellen lokalt med hjälp av höjder bestämda från GNSS- mätning och SWEPOS tjänst för Nätverks Real Time Kinematic (NRTK).  I detta examensarbete har finavvägning genomförts med det digitala avvägningsinstrument Leica DNA03 för att etablera ett anslutningsnät för samhällsbyggnad (klass A2 enligt Handbok i mät- och kartfrågor,HMK). Utvärdering av mätosäkerhet har gjorts i enlighet med de styrdokument som examensarbetet följer, nämligen HMK och SIS-TS 21143:2016. Stegvis utförda utjämningar av nätet resulterade i bra skattade höjder med standardosäkerheter på millimeternivå i RH 2000. Genom det nya höjdnätet anslutet till RH 2000 har Högskolan i Gävle erhållit ett nytt höjdnät med låga osäkerheter som möter kraven för anslutningsnät och framtida övningar på högskolan kommer att göras i en högkvalitativ realisering av RH 2000.
RH 2000 is the national height system/frame of Sweden. It is based on the third precision precise levelling that was carried out in Sweden between 1979 and 2003. The network for RH 2000 has a stronger geometry and is more homogeneous than for the previous two Swedish precise levellings and the height networks (RH00, RH70). During the last 14 years, a lot of work has been put into getting municipalities, state authorities and other community operators to switch to RH 2000, in order to achieve uniformity and promote data exchange. Most have now joined the new network, but some still use the older reference systems of the two previous precise levellings.  The University of Gävle has for a long time used a height network that has been connected to RH 70. Although a preliminary connection has been made to RH 2000, it has been made through Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements and with the national geoid model. The height network shall form the basis for the university in education and research in surveying, which is why a good height network is needed at HiG. The network should have a high quality; therefore, it is important to establish the network by levelling. The determination of height with GNSS has higher uncertainty compared with the traditional method for establishing a height network (levelling). A purpose of this study is to establish a new geodetic control network in height that is sustainable over time at the Campus of the University of Gävle and through to connect it to the national height network/system RH 2000 in the best and most reliable way. Another purpose is also to investigate and compare differences in height between the new and older height networks, and it is also investigated whether the levelled RH 2000 heights match with the national geoid model locally by using heights determined from GNSS measurements and SWEPOS service for Network Real Time Kinematic (NRTK).  In this thesis, digital levelling has been carried out with the digital level instrument Leica DNA03 to establish a control network for urban management (class A2 according to Handbook of measurement and map issues,HMK). Evaluation of measurement uncertainty has been made in accordance with the governing documents that the thesis follows, namely Swedish HMK and SIS-TS 21143: 2016. Step-by-step adjustments of the network resulted in well estimated heights with standard uncertainties at the millimeter level in RH 2000. Through the heights in RH 2000 for the new network, the University of Gävle has received a new height network with low uncertainties that meets the requirements for connection networks and future exercises at the university can be made in a high-quality realization of RH 2000.
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Oliveira, Marcos Almir de. "Compatibilização de dados, em diferentes referenciais, para atualização cartográfica: estudo de caso na SABESP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-11072007-193350/.

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Um dos propósitos deste trabalho foi apresentar a metodologia envolvida na estimação de parâmetros de transformação entre dois Sistemas Geodésicos, em função da implantação do Sistema de Informações Geográficas no Saneamento (SIGNOS) pela SABESP. Este estudo foi desenvolvido no Município de São Paulo, onde foram calculados parâmetros de transformação entre os Sistemas SAD-69 (South American Datum 1969) e Córrego Alegre. Os parâmetros obtidos neste estudo foram comparados com os parâmetros disponíveis atualmente. Outro estudo, deste trabalho, é a proposta para compatibilização do sistema altimétrico da SABESP. O sistema atual é formado por diversas redes altimétricas (IBGE, SABESP, EMPLASA e IGG) que são divergentes entre si. O objetivo final é verificar as diferenças regionais e estabelecer a unificação do sistema altimétrico da SABESP na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP).
One of the purposes of this work was introduce the methodology involved in the estimate of the transformation parameters between two Geodetic Systems, in function of the implantation of the Geographical Information System by SABESP. This work has been developed in São Paulo City, where transformation parameters were calculated between systems SAD-69 (South American Datum 1969) and Córrego Alegre. The estimated parameters at this work had been compared with the available parameters nowadays. Another study, of this work, is the proposal for compatibility of the altimetric system of SABESP. The current system is formed by diverse altimetric nets (IBGE, SABESP, EMPLASA and IGG) that are divergent between themselves. The final objective is to verify the regional differences and to establish the unification of the altimetric system in São Paulo Metropolitan Region (RMSP).
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Nunes, Vagner Conceição. "Testes sobre a eficiência do modelo do geopotencial EGM2008 na cidade de Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26992.

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Este estudo apresenta o teste da eficiência do Earth Global Model 2008 (EGM2008) na geração de um modelo geoidal local, através da compatiblização com a ondulação obtida por posicionamento GPS (Global Positioning System) em 63 Referências de Nível (RN’s) localizadas no município de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo geral da dissertação foi analisar a exatidão do modelo geoidal gerado a partir dos coeficientes do modelo geopotencial EGM2008 para nivelamento por GPS no município de Porto Alegre e os objetivos específicos foram: a avaliação do modelo na região de Porto Alegre, a comparação das ondulações geoidais do EGM2008 (NEGM2008) com as ondulações geoidais em 63 RN’s (NGPS), o ajustamento da componente sistemática do geoide que é a diferença entre NEGM2008 e NGPS e a geração do modelo geoidal local compatibilizado para Porto Alegre. O método adotado apresenta as seguintes etapas: cálculo das ondulações geoidais nas RN’s; eliminação de erros grosseiros; geração do modelo geoidal através dos dados do EGM2008 com resolução de 7” de arco; cálculo da componente sistemática do geoide; ajustamento da componente sistemática através de transformação por polinômio de 2° grau com seis parâmetros pelo Método dos Mínimos Quadrados (MMQ). Os resultados obtidos foram: os parâmetros que compatibilizam o modelo geoidal global com o local e modelo geoidal local compatibilizado no formato raster, contendo as ondulações geoidais para todo o município. O novo modelo apresentou erro médio de 1,9 cm e desvio padrão de 7,2 cm. Os resultados da dissertação confirmam que é possível reduzir o erro associado ao modelo global através dos procedimentos adotados. Dessa maneira, conclui que o método utilizado reduziu o valor médio da componente sistemática de 15,4 cm para 1,9 cm após o ajustamento.
This study presents the Earth Global Model 2008’s (EGM2008) efficiency test on the conception of a local geoid model. The results were acquired through the undulation compatibility obtained by GPS (Global Positioning System) in 63 Bench Mark (BM) located in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The aim of this research was to analyze the accuracy of the geoid model generated from the geopotential model EGM2008’s coefficients to GPS leveling in Porto Alegre. The specific goals were the evaluation of the model in Porto Alegre region’s, the comparison between the EGM2008 (NEGM2008) geoid undulations and the geoid undulations in 63 BM (NGPS), and the adjustment of geoid’s systematic component, that is the difference between NEGM2008 and NGPS and the local geoid model’s conception to Porto Alegre. The method used presents the following steps: geoid undulation on RN’s’s computation; elimination of gross errors; geoid model’s conception through EGM2008’s data with resolution of 7” of arch; geoid’s systematic component computation; adjustment of the systematic component through transformation of 2nd degree polynomial with six parameters by the method of Least Squares. The results were: the parameters that make the models global and local compatible, and local geoid model compatible in raster format, containing the geoid undulations for the entire municipality. The new model showed 1.9 of mean error and 7.2 cm of standard deviation. Through the procedures adopted, the dissertation results’ confirm that it is possible to reduce the error associated of the the global model. Therefore, the conclusion is that the method used reduced the mean error of the systematic component from 15,4 cm to 1.9 cm, after the adjustment.
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Jurčík, Josef. "Užití astronomické nivelace pro vytváření modelů kvazigeoidu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225611.

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My master´s thesis deals with use of astronomical levelling for creation of quasigeoid models. The basic input dates are componets of astronomical-geodetic deflections of the vertical in points, which are determined on AGNES and VEVEŘÍ nets. The dates are adjust for determination of relative quasigeoid. In literature [4], there is simplified solution for adjustment of this dates. The thesis looks for the most comprehensive solutions of adjustment without simplification. The solutions are compared.
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Books on the topic "Geodetic leveling"

1

Milbert, Dennis G. Treatment of geodetic leveling in the integrated geodesy approach. Columbus, Ohio: Dept. of Geodetic Science and Surveying, Ohio State University, 1988.

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Zilkoski, David B. Subsidence in the vicinity of New Orleans as indicated by analysis of geodetic leveling data. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Charting and Geodetic Services, 1986.

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Zilkoski, David B. Subsidence in the vicinity of New Orleans as indicated by analysis of geodetic leveling data. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Charting and Geodetic Services, 1986.

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Zilkoski, David B. Subsidence in the vicinity of New Orleans as indicated by analysis of geodetic leveling data. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Charting and Geodetic Services, 1986.

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Chrzanowski, Adam. Implementation of trigonometric height traversing in geodetic levelling of high precision. Fredericton, N.B: University of New Brunswick, Dept. of Surveying Engineering, 1989.

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6

Kharaghani, Gholam A. Propagation of refraction errors in trigonometric height traversing and geodetic levelling. Fredericton, N.B: Dept. of Surveying Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 1987.

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Kelly, Kevin Michael. Weight estimation in geodetic levelling using variance components derived from analysis of variance. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1991.

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8

Geodetic leveling data used to define historical height changes between Tonopah Junction and Las Vegas, Nevada. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Geodetic leveling"

1

Wei, Ziqing. "GPS Gravity-potential Leveling." In Geodetic Reference Frames, 279–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00860-3_43.

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Fei, Z. L., and M. G. Sideris. "GPS Leveling and the Second Geodetic Boundary Value Problem." In Gravity, Geoid and Geodynamics 2000, 341–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04827-6_57.

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Stein, Ross S. "Discrimination of Tectonic Displacement from Slope-Dependent Errors in Geodetic Leveling from Southern California, 1953-1979." In Maurice Ewing Series, 441–56. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/me004p0441.

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Sansò, Fernando, Mirko Reguzzoni, and Riccardo Barzaghi. "The Relation Between Levelling, Geodetic and Other Unholonomic Heights." In Geodetic Heights, 105–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10454-2_6.

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Crespo, Jose. "Levelings and Geodesic Reconstructions." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 82–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03613-2_8.

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Flury, Jakob, Christian Gerlach, Christian Hirt, and Uwe Schirmer. "Heights in the Bavarian Alps: Mutual Validation of GPS, Levelling, Gravimetric and Astrogeodetic Quasigeoids." In Geodetic Reference Frames, 303–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00860-3_47.

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"geodetic leveling." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 593. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_70580.

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Kubrak, Olena, Andrij Balian, and Oksana Serant. "ENGINEERING AND GEODESIC RESEARCH OF VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES ON THE TERRITORY OF PIDHORETSKYI MONASTERY." In Priority areas for development of scientific research: domestic and foreign experience. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-049-0-32.

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The aim of the study is to observe the dynamics of soil movement and deformation of the complex of buildings and structures in the Pidhoretskyi monastery on the basis of geodetic measurements in complex engineering and geological conditions in the protected area, as well as permanent monitoring of vertical displacements for analysis and further recommendations for concerning safe operation of engineering constructions. Due to significant landslides on the slopes of the terrace, the buildings and structures of the Pidhoretskyi monastery are in a state of emergency. To save the architectural monument of the 18th century, which is located on the territory of Plisnetskyi reserve, a reference geodetic planned-height network (proving ground) has been created, which allows to determine the magnitude and direction of soil landslides; to determine the deformation of buildings and structures; to determine the amount of subsidence of structures as well as monitoring these processes. The support network consists of 2 planned-height (source) soil geodetic points for control of six stationary observation stations, 4 of which are located on one top of the mountain slope, and 2 are on the other. The height basis is created by leveling of the II class. Planned-height network consists of eight lines: some are designed and laid parallel to the church buildings, others are directed towards the ravines to determine the dynamics of their movement. A total of 87 reinforcing marks for linear - angular observations are laid. To observe the deformations of buildings and structures, 35 external wall signs (benchmarks) were laid in the foundations of the buildings, 20 were laid in the retaining wall and 22 internal signs (dowels) were laid in the stone floor of the church. The total number of all wall signs are 77. We proposed the manufacture of polymer poles on the ground from the polymer pipes, with which we fixed all points of the planned height network. The convenience of their use is due to the fact that they meet the requirements of the instructions and they can be used in the territories of cultural heritage sites of national importance, without violating the Law of Ukraine. Centers can be made from improvised materials quickly and conveniently; their cost is quite low; ease and forced centering of devices and reflectors above the signs eliminates centering errors. Research methods. Geometric leveling of the second class with Ni-002 level and observation of displacements in the targets was performed at the proving ground. Research results. For the first time on the territory of Pidhoretskyi monastery a stationary geodetic proving ground was created for permanent observations of soil movements, deformations of buildings and structures. The points of the proving ground are laid down by the proposed types of centers. On the basis of geodetic observations, uneven and uniform subsidence of the marks of the studied buildings and structures, displacement of points of alignment were determined; maps of vertical movements of the earth's surface of the territory of the Pidhoretskyi monastery were created.
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"Levelling." In Plane and Geodetic Surveying, 82–99. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16960-11.

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"Levelling." In Plane and Geodetic Surveying, 56–64. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203630464-13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Geodetic leveling"

1

Birvydienė, Rosita, Algirdas Butkus, Arūnas Būga, Ramunas Dedela, Ricardas Kolosovskis, Boleslovas Krikštaponis, Arvydas Musteikis, et al. "Final Results of Establishment of the Geodetic Vertical Second Order Network of Lithuania." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.166.

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The methodology of all kinds of geodetic measurements of the Geodetic Vertical Second Order Network, the information on the observation data received and main results of the accuracy estimation and adjustment of the network are presented. In 2006 the development of the Geodetic Vertical First Order Network of Lithuania was completed. It was the basis to adopt the Height System of Lithuania (LAS07). The densification of the Geodetic Vertical First Order Network started in 2010 by development of the Geodetic Vertical Second Order Network. The Second Order Network consists of 74 levelling lines, and total length of them is 3087 km. In the period of 2010–2013 the 16 levelling lines (814 km) were observed. Rest of levelling lines were observed in 2013–2016. Total number of benchmarks is 2099. The levelling was executed by digital levels Trimble DiNi12 and coded rods Nedo LD13. All ground benchmarks were positioned by GPS receivers Trimble 5700 and Trimble Zephyr Geodetic antennas. LitPOS stations served as fiducial points. The gravity accelerations at all benchmarks were observed by gravimeters Scintrex CG-5. The levellings of the Second Order Network carried out is characterized by high precision: the double run of one kilometre levelling RMS error does not exceeds 0.7 mm. The adjustments of the second order levelling lines applying least square method were executed separately in each region outlined by the First Order network lines and border of a country.
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Chimitdorzhiev, Tumen, Pavel Dagurov, Michail Bykov, Aleksey Dmitriev, and Irina Kirbizhekova. "Frost heave estimation of marshy soil by ALOS PALSAR interferometry and geodetic leveling, case study from the Baikal Lake region." In IGARSS 2016 - 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2016.7730378.

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Sadiq, Muhammad, Zulfiqar Ahmad, and Muhammad Ayub. "A Comparative Study of Different Geodetic Boundary Value Solutions for Geoid with reference to its Calibration Using GPS/Leveling Data." In 2007 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ibcast.2007.4379914.

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Kostelecky, Jakub. "MONITORING OF LOCAL VERTICAL MOVEMENTS AT GEODETIC STATION BY REPEATED LEVELLING." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/2.2/s09.112.

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Wyszkowska, Patrycja, and Robert Duchnowski. "Subjective Breakdown Points of R-estimators Applied in Deformation Analysis." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.250.

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This paper presents practical aspect of the breakdown point theory in deformation analysis by applying R-estimators. The main aim of the paper is to determine impact of the probability of positive (or negative) gross errors and the number of such errors on the value of breakdown point of the estimates applied. Authors consider two types of networks: a levelling network and a horizontal one. Calculations are made for two cases, namely when observations are affected by gross errors in both measurement epochs or only in the second epoch. The main results are based on the Monte Carlo method, which is a very useful tool to solve such a geodetic problem. The simulations show that the breakdown point depends on the probability of positive gross errors but also on the number of epochs in which the gross errors occur. This is especially vivid in the case of levelling networks. Another interesting finding is that even if the number of gross errors exceeds the breakdown point, we can still get reasonable results; however, not always. Thus, the paper shows the probabilities that the method breaks down for several different cases. The paper includes some numerical tests, which provided practical information about the subjective breakdown points and their importance for R-estimates applied in deformation analysis.
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Mrówczynska, Maria, and Jacek Sztubecki. "Prediction of Vertical Displacements in Civil Structures Using Artificial Neural Networks." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.220.

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This article attempts to analyse and predict vertical displacements of measurement-and- control network points located on civil structures founded on expansive soils, using artificial neural networks. Geodetic monitoring of civil structures consists in regular measurements of control point networks and interpretation of results. The obtained values of displacement provide sets of significant data which enable determination of the influence of changes in groundwater conditions of the subsoil on the deformation processes occurring in structures founded on it. Using such data sets, it is possible to draw conclusions regarding the dynamics of the occurrence of deformation and to develop a geometric model of displacements. In recent years, methods of prediction based on artificial intelligence have been increasingly prominent. Neural networks and evolutionary algorithms, which can supplement each other, make advanced tools applied in the process of prediction of deformations. In order to forecast displacements of control points, demonstrating changes in a civil structure, multi-layer artificial neural networks are employed in this article, taught using the method of error backpropagation and gradient optimization methods. The analysed results in the form of height differences were obtained through a series of measurements on a civil structure, taken by means of precise levelling at monthly intervals.
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Reports on the topic "Geodetic leveling"

1

Gilmore, T. D. Geodetic leveling data used to define historical height changes between Tonopah Junction and Las Vegas, Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/140359.

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