Journal articles: 'Geodetic measurement'

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Tretyak, Kornyliy, and Igor Savchyn. "Posteriori Optimization of Active Geodetic Monitoring Networks." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 96, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2014-0007.

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Abstract This paper presents developed method of a posteriori optimization of measurement results of active geodesic monitoring networks with taking into account the parameters of accuracy and reliability. Filtering the measurement results of active geodetic monitoring networks is in out of order exclusion vectors with maximum corrections, which is determined from successive iterations of network adjustment. After each iteration it’s determined the mean square error of unit weight and the parameter of network reliability. Sifting vectors with maximal errors leads to accuracy improving and reliability deterioration of network. Using entropy approach is defined group of vectors in which the value of accuracy and reliability is optimal. Using the developed method performed a posteriori optimization of active precision geodesic monitoring network of the Dnieper, Dniester and Kanev HPP. The represented method can also be used for the optimization of any active geodesic monitoring networks with large quantity of redundant measurements

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Goluk, Victor P., and Denis G. Nazarov. "FEATURES OF GEODECTIC NETWORKS DENSIFICATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF A RAILWAY BRIDGE CROSSING CONSTRUCTION ACROSS THE KERCHEN STRAIT." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-1-1-93-105.

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The geodetic center base for the construction of bridge structures is the basis of all measurement work. Often it is necessary to carry out the densification of the geodetic center base in compliance with the necessary accuracy of recoverable structures. In the process of geodesic control of the construction of a railway bridge on Section No. 3 of the channel between Tuzlinsky Spit and Tuzla Island, difficulties arose in bringing the project to life at all stages of the construction of a structure associated with the low density of geodetic center base points located in the aquatic area. Based on the above the geodesic service of the LLC “Bridge Bureau” carried out work on the concentration of the geodetic center at the construction site of the bridge crossing (the working bridge RM-1 - site No. 3), as well as taking into account: Section 4 of the joint venture 126.13330.2017 "Geodetic works in construction", GOST 21780-2006 "System for ensuring the accuracy of geometrical parameters in construction. Calculation of accuracy ", as well as SP 46.13330.2012" Bridges and pipes." An a priori assessment of the accuracy of the measurement results for each of the methods for monitoring the planning and altitude position of the condensation points was made. A combined approach to densification of the geodetic center base is suggested.

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Nowak, Edward, Ryszard Malarski, Witold Prószyński, Alicja Sadowska, Marek Woźniak, and Janina Zaczek-Peplinska. "Research and Development Work Carried out by the Chair of Engineering Geodesy and Measurement and Control Systems, Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography WUT – Thematic Scope and Achievements." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 100, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rgg-2016-0014.

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Abstract Geodetic engineering surveys are an important part of the works carried out by the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology. These works concern measurement techniques as well as advanced result analysis methods applied in precise industrial surveys and in processes controlling object’s behaviour over time. The thematic scope of research realised by Chair of Engineering Geodesy and Control-Measuring Systems shows that article related to geodetic engineering measurements and geodetic monitoring is carried out with high intensity, resulting in technological advancement and implementation of new or improved measurement solutions and methods of measurement result development.

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Głowacki, Tadeusz. "Accuracy analysis of satellite measurements of the measurement geodetic control network on the southern Spitsbergen." E3S Web of Conferences 71 (2018): 00020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187100020.

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Geodetic networks are very important in analyses of long-term monitoring deformation of natural objects in polar regions. The ground stability of geodetic reference points can give the quality of the results of geometry measures. Well measures give the purpose to environmental protection of measured natural objects (moraines, talus slopes, debris etc.). The main objective of this paper is to compare the adjustment of the geodetic network by the Least Square Method based on one (ASTRO) or two (ASTRO and NYA1) reference points with full rank and robust adjustment. The main adjustment steps with important numerical results are presented for both methods. The method how to detect the presence of the used wrong approximate coordinates of network points is addressed, and the detection approaches are given for both adjustment procedures. The results of both adjustment procedures summarized in the Conclusion indicate that the combination of these procedures is not suitable way of detecting errors in a geodetic network.

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Julianto, Eko Nugroho, Ispen Safrel, and Arie Taveriyanto. "High Accuracy Geodetic Control Point Measurement Using GPS Geodetic With Static Methods." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan 20, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v20i2.16300.

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Abstract. The quality of the coordinates of the points in a generally horizontal control network will be influenced by many factors, such as the system equipment used for measuring / observation, the network geometry, measurement strategies / observation, as well as data processing strategy implemented. Using development of the GPS satellite system, since 1989, the network provision of horizontal control points in Indonesia generally relies on the GPS satellite observations. One way of measuring geodetic control points with high accuracy is using geodetic GPS. Measurement of geodetic control points required as a control in the execution of the work and as a correction coordinate measurement of the position of a measurement object with a high degree of accuracy (± 1 cm). How many measurement methods that can be done. This research conducted measurement using static method. Static surveys are used to determine the coordinates of the control points are relatively distant from each other as well as order accuracy requires relatively higher. The measurement results obtained coordinate data for point 1 is 6 ° 57 '31.92207 "LS; 109 ° 38 '32.25194 "BT; high (ellipsoid) 34 320 m and point 2 is 6 ° 57 '33.59086 "LS; 109 ° 38 '37.87710 "BT; high (ellipsoid) 36 235 m.

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Sztubecki, Jacek, Adam Bujarkiewicz, and Małgorzata Sztubecka. "Measuring Displacements in Engineering Structures by Means of a Coordinate Laser Station." Civil And Environmental Engineering Reports 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceer-2016-0059.

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Abstract The application of geodetic methods to examine structures consists in the determination of their displacements relative to an established geodetic reference datum or in the definition of the geometry of their individual components. Such examinations form a picture of changes happening between specific points in time. Modern measurement technologies used in geodetic engineering enable undertaking more and more challenging measurements with increasing accuracy. The purpose of this article is to present a measurement technique involving a Leica TDRA 6000 total station to measure displacements in engineering structures. The station features a direct drive technology to achieve an accuracy of 0.25 mm in 3-dimensional measurements. Supported by appropriate software, the unit makes a perfect instrument for the monitoring of civil engineering structures. The article presents the results of measurement of static and dynamic displacements in a few engineering structures. The measurements were carried out both in laboratory conditions and on actual, operated civil engineering structures.

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Zaczek-Peplinska, Janina. "METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF CONTROL NETWORK MODERNISATION IN HUGE HYDROTECHNICAL STRUCTURES." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 18, 2005): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2005vol1.2157.

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Water dams are typical structures which require cyclic and in some cases, permanent control of their conditions. Most of the Polish damming structures are more than fifty years old and funds assigned for their renovation and effective conservation are being continuously reduced. Therefore, it is vital to improve the control of those structures.Cyclic geodetic measurements of movements are obligatory elements of control measurement schedule and are important for evaluation of damming structures security. Complex modernisation of geodetic network for movement examination consists of many actions, which goals are:- Reactivating devastated network structure,- Modernisation of geodetic process of structures movements determination (concerning steps: measurements and data elaborating),- Enhancing the accuracy of geodetic measurements,Increasing a credibility of the movement measurements results.

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Marjetič, Aleš, Klemen Kregar, and Dušan Kogoj. "Geodetic measurement of distances in athletics." Geodetski vestnik 58, no. 02 (2014): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2014.02.243-253.

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Navratil, G., E. Heer, and J. Hahn. "TREATMENT OF GEODETIC SURVEY DATA AS FUZZY VECTORS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3/W3 (August 19, 2015): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-w3-29-2015.

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Geodetic survey data are typically analysed using the assumption that measurement errors can be modelled as noise. The least squares method models noise with the normal distribution and is based on the assumption that it selects measurements with the highest probability value (Ghilani, 2010, p. 179f). There are environment situations where no clear maximum for a measurement can be detected. This can happen, for example, if surveys take place in foggy conditions causing diffusion of light signals. This presents a problem for automated systems because the standard assumption of the least squares method does not hold. A measurement system trying to return a crisp value will produce an arbitrary value that lies within the area of maximum value. However repeating the measurement is unlikely to create a value following a normal distribution, which happens if measurement errors can be modelled as noise. In this article we describe a laboratory experiment that reproduces conditions similar to a foggy situation and present measurement data gathered from this setup. Furthermore we propose methods based on fuzzy set theory to evaluate the data from our measurement.

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Brzeziński, Aleksander, Marcin Barlik, Ewa Andrasik, Waldemar Izdebski, Michał Kruczyk, Tomasz Liwosz, Tomasz Olszak, et al. "Geodetic and Geodynamic Studies at Department of Geodesy and Geodetic Astronomy Wut." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 100, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 165–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rgg-2016-0013.

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Abstract The article presents current issues and research work conducted in the Department of Geodesy and Geodetic Astronomy at the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography at Warsaw University of Technology. It contains the most important directions of research in the fields of physical geodesy, satellite measurement techniques, GNSS meteorology, geodynamic studies, electronic measurement techniques and terrain information systems.

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Odziemczyk, Waldemar, and Marek Woźniak. "Analysis of railway track geometry measurement methods usability." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2018, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_18_08_05.

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Precise information of railway tracks geometry is necessary to design alignment project. Geodetic measurements are the most common method of determining this information and sags of arch direct measurement are the traditional and still popular measurement method. Development of geodetic measurements techniques made possible to use another methods such as tacheometry, GNSS, and new methods based on mobile measurement devices. Series of experiments were conducted to set the practical usability of selected modern measurement methods to design track alignment project. The experimental measurements were performed on the 3 km long two-track railway fragment. Following methods were used during the test measurements: sags of arch direct measurement, tacheometry with total station, GNSS, automated methods with the use of a trolley system. Above mentioned measurement methods were compared taking into account time and labour consumption, range of geometric data, measurement equipment cost, reliability and accuracy of surveying procedure. Because of different data types are delivered with various methods, sags of arch were used for comparison of accuracy. Comparison of geometrical data obtained with analysed methods allowed to formulate conclusions concerning practical usability those methods for track alignment project development.

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Kuczyńska, Gabriela, Magdalena Stawska, and Anna Walicka. "Modern geodetic techniques in the monitoring of historic buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 04043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199704043.

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Historic buildings constitute a valuable cultural heritage, and at the same time due to the passage of time, they are exposed to a number of adverse factors. In order to preserve them in a non-deteriorated condition, it is necessary to provide comprehensive control of technical condition for these historic buildings, including regular geodetic measurements. This works includes a brief characterisation of the modern measurement techniques, as well as the presentation of possibilities of using the selected techniques for two historic buildings. The first one is the XIII-century cathedral, for which a network for testing vertical displacements was established and an initial measurement was performed. Moreover, a horizontal geodetic control network was implemented, intended for inventory works and the results of measurements were developed, combining angular-linear observations with GNSS vectors. The second building is the XX-century water tower, for which detailed architectural documentation of external walls was prepared on the basis of terrestrial laser scanning. The performed works confirm the need for geodetic monitoring of historic buildings and confirm the effectiveness of used measurement techniques.

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Porzucek, Sławomir, Monika Łój, Karolina Matwij, and Wojciech Matwij. "Modern Geodetic Measurement Techniques in Gravimetric Studies on the Example of Gypsum Karst in the Siesławice Region." E3S Web of Conferences 35 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183503002.

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In the region of Siesławice (near Busko-Zdrój, Poland) there are unique phenomena of gypsum karst. Atmospheric factors caused numerous gypsum outcrops, canals and underground voids. The article presents the possibility of using non-invasive gravimetric surveys supplemented with geodetic measurements to illustrate karst changes occurring around the void. The use of modern geodetic measurement techniques including terrestrial and airborne laser scanning enables to generate a digital terrain model and a three-dimensional model of voids. Gravimetric field studies allowed to map the anomalies of the gravitational field of the near-surface zone. Geodetic measurement results have made it possible to accurately determine the terrain correction that supplemented the gravimetric anomaly information. Geophysical interpretation indicate the presence of weathered rocks in the near surface zone and fractures and loosened zones located surround the karst cave.

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CÎRDEI, Alexandra Nadia, and Dumitru ONOSE. "Bridge Dynamic Displacement Monitoring Using Geodetic Measurement." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 76, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2018.0027.

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The paper analyzes the possibility to define a dynamic model associated to a bridge using the results of geodetic measurements made for displacement monitoring using modern calculation models. Combining the results obtained with two modern calculation models (Finite Element Method and Kalman Filter) we can define a complex model, able of meeting current risk management requirements. The paper aims to highlight the importance and usefulness of realizing the dynamic model of a bridge in order to test hypotheses regarding limit situations such as: testing the structure response in case of a flood or in the event of a major earthquake, determining the maximum admissible weight on the bridge without requiring interventions, determining the areas where the bridge requires consolidation work after a certain period of time or after natural phenomena etc.

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Marković, Marko, Jovan Bajić, Mehmed Batilović, Zoran Sušić, Ana Joža, and Goran Stojanović. "Comparative Analysis of Deformation Determination by Applying Fiber-optic 2D Deflection Sensors and Geodetic Measurements." Sensors 19, no. 4 (February 18, 2019): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040844.

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In the paper the description of an experiment for a comparative analysis of two different methods for deformation determination, geodetic and 2D deflection sensors based on fiber-optic curvature sensors (FOCSs) is given. The experiment is performed by a using specially designed assembly which makes it possible to apply both methods. For performing geodetic measurements, a geodetic micro-network is established. Measurements by applying a 2D deflection sensor and three total stations are carried out for comparison. The data processing comprises graphical and numerical analysis of the results. Based on the presented results the potential of 2D deflection sensor application in structural health monitoring (SHM) procedures is indicated. The analysis of the measurement results also indicates the importance of integrating various types of sensors for obtaining more accurate and more reliable deformation measurements results.

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Lösler, Michael, Cornelia Eschelbach, Thomas Klügel, and Stefan Riepl. "ILRS Reference Point Determination Using Close Range Photogrammetry." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 20, 2021): 2785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062785.

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A global geodetic reference system (GGRS) is realized by physical points on the Earth’s surface and is referred to as a global geodetic reference frame (GGRF). The GGRF is derived by combining several space geodetic techniques, and the reference points of these techniques are the physical points of such a realization. Due to the weak physical connection between the space geodetic techniques, so-called local ties are introduced to the combination procedure. A local tie is the spatial vector defined between the reference points of two space geodetic techniques. It is derivable by local measurements at multitechnique stations, which operate more than one space geodetic technique. Local ties are a crucial component within the intertechnique combination; therefore, erroneous or outdated vectors affect the global results. In order to reach the ambitious accuracy goal of 1 mm for a global position, the global geodetic observing system (GGOS) aims for strategies to improve local ties, and, thus, the reference point determination procedures. In this contribution, close range photogrammetry is applied for the first time to determine the reference point of a laser telescope used for satellite laser ranging (SLR) at Geodetic Observatory Wettzell (GOW). A measurement campaign using various configurations was performed at the Satellite Observing System Wettzell (SOS-W) to evaluate the achievable accuracy and the measurement effort. The bias of the estimates were studied using an unscented transformation. Biases occur if nonlinear functions are replaced and are solved by linear substitute problems. Moreover, the influence of the chosen stochastic model onto the estimates is studied by means of various dispersion matrices of the observations. It is shown that the resulting standard deviations are two to three times overestimated if stochastic dependencies are neglected.

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Šiaudinytė, Lauryna, Deividas Sabaitis, Domantas Bručas, and Gintaras Dmitrijev. "Development of Calibration Equipment for Geodetic Angle Measurement Instruments." Solid State Phenomena 220-221 (January 2015): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.220-221.396.

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Production of high precision circular scales is a complicated process requiring expensive equipment and complex processes to achieve. Precision angle measurement equipment tends to be very expensive and therefore not accessible to all in need. Simplification of production of such devices can lead to reducing costs of angle measurement systems ensuring easier accessibility. A new method of producing precision circular scales using low cost mass production can reduce the costs of these devices drastically. Therefore, utilising a common CD technology as the basis for such scales is analysed. This paper deals with the analysis of the newest laser cutting method for plastic circular scales. Preliminary results of manufacturing such scales are presented in the paper as well as measurements of the grating of the scale were performed. The quality of different scales manufactured using different laser types is analysed in the study. The cost – effective alternative of manufacturing circular scales is discussed in the paper.

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Malik, T. M., V. G. Burachek, Ya P. Bryk, S. D. Kryachok, V. Iu Belenok, and L. V. Hebryn-Baidy. "THE IMPROVING OF THE ACCURACY OF ENGINEERING AND GEODETIC WORKS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND CONTROL OF THE GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS." NEWS of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan 6, no. 444 (December 15, 2020): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-170x.143.

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. In the article, the authors had done a brief analysis of existing modern, traditional methods and tools that allow to determine the planned coordinates of geodetic signs, located on the last tier of super-high engineering structures, paid special attention to the disadvantages and concluded that it’s necessary to develop a method and device for determining the geodetic coordinates on ultra-high engineering structures with high accuracy to provide engineering and geodetic works during the construction and operation of high-rise structures. In the article, the authors propose their method and device for determining the planar coordinates of the upper geodetic sign of the line of vertical design on ultra-high engineering structures with high accuracy, which is based on the method of the straight linear resection by the light distance meter. The result of the proposed method is the enhancing of the accuracy of engineering and geodetic works during the construction and control of geometric parameters of high-rise structures. This method of distance measurements allows getting the enhancing of the accuracy of the engineering and geodetic measurements by fixing the moment of occurrence of the double frequency with root mean square error (RMSE) above 0.5 mm, thus eliminating the need to measure the phase difference between direct and reflected pulses. A particular advantage of the proposed method is that the accuracy of the measurements depends on the comparison of the radiated f and double fg frequencies, which makes the measurement precision.

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Shahar, L., and G. Even-Tzur. "Extraction of the deterministic ingredient of a dynamic geodetic control network." Journal of Geodetic Science 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10156-011-0027-6.

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Extraction of the deterministic ingredient of a dynamic geodetic control networkA minimum constraints solution, which resolves the datum defect of a control network, is an arbitrary solution that may result in a systematic error in the estimation of the deformation parameters. This error is not derived from measurements and is usually inconsistent with the geophysical reality. A free network is affected only by errors of measurement and, therefore, a free network is an accepted way of coping with this problem. Study of deformations, which is based on the use of geodetic measurements, is usually performed today by defining a kinematic model. Such a model, when used to describe a complex geophysical environment, can lead to the partial estimation of the deterministic dynamics, which characterize the entire network. These dynamics are themselves expressed in measurements, as the adjustment systems' residuals. The current paper presents an extension of the definition of the parameters that are revalued. This extension enables the cleaning of measurements by means of the extraction of datum elements that have been defined by geodetic measurement. This cleaning minimizes the effects of these elements on the revaluated deformation. The proposed algorithm may be applied to achieve the simultaneous estimation of the physical parameters that define the geophysical activity in the network.

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Mikrut, S., and J. Brzęczek. "STUDIES ON EXTERNAL GEOMETRY OF A PLANE WITH PHOTOGRAMMETRIC METHODS AND LASER SCANNING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2020 (August 12, 2020): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-459-2020.

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Abstract. The authors of the paper were looking for a simple methods of the examination the airframe structure framework as part of the scientific and research project. The main tasks were: carrying out tests and analyses in defining external geometry of a selected plane with three independent methods i.e., geodetic (surveying), photogrammetric and laser scanning and selection of one of these methods as fast and acceptable accurate (below 3 mm) measurement applied to examine plane geometry. The carried out experiments were mainly aimed at answering the question if tested measurement methods give satisfying and acceptable results in case of works referring to the objects such as plane and if the assumed accuracy is realistic to be achieved by these measurement techniques. The authors testing the available on the market methods of the measuring the geometry of planes in the aspect of the selection of most accurate, but at the same time, fast measurement method. Thus three independent methods were tested: classical geodetic measurement, laser scanning by means of two independent scanners and photogrammetric method (based on the generated cloud of points). Experiments carried out so far in various centres worldwide usually included measurements of single elements or small models of planes. In surveying measurements of large objects, mainly buildings are predominant (e.g. surveying or photogrammetry in the inventory of historic architectural monuments, studies of the geometry of engineering constructions, etc.). The objective of the experiment carried out by the authors was to find good solution somewhere in the middle, i.e., apply geodetic measurement methods, but apply them for so-called medium-size objects such as planes.

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King, Robert W., Feng Shen, B. Clark Burchfiel, Leigh H. Royden, Erchie Wang, Zhiliang Chen, Yuping Liu, Xuan-Yang Zhang, Ji-Xiang Zhao, and Yulin Li. "Geodetic measurement of crustal motion in southwest China." Geology 25, no. 2 (1997): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0179:gmocmi>2.3.co;2.

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Celms, Armands, Ilona Reke, Miks Brinkmanis-Brimanis, and Vivita Pukite. "Evaluation of the Local Geodetic Network in Jurmala City." Baltic Surveying 10 (June 1, 2019): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2019.001.

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In order to evaluate the accuracy of the local geodetic network of Jurmala City, in research, comparison of forty-seven selected polygonometry network point coordinates with the obtained data was made by performing measurements by real time cinematic (RTK) method in LatPos base station system. Points were chosen so in order to cover evenly the entire territory of the city. At present, gradual renewal and improvement of the local geodetic network takes place in Jurmala. The linear discrepancy of coordinates obtained in measurements varies from 0.016 m to 0.259 m, mean linear discrepancy in the measured points is fixed 0.110 m. Discrepancy of plane coordinates in different regions of Jurmala is not even. It is rather even within approximate boundaries of the determined regions, this is indicated by different directions of offset vectors, which in eastern part of the city are pointed mainly in NW direction, in central part directions are pointed in W direction, but in the western part of the city pointed in NE direction. Concerning heights, only for 3 of measured points discrepancy exceeds 0.05 m error and there are no connection concerning some specific region. 15% of the measured points of the local geodetic network are with appropriate accuracy of plane coordinates. The linear discrepancy of plane coordinates for points of the local geodetic network, which are measured by RTK method and compared with data from the improved network is 0.024 (m), which indicates the high accuracy of RTK method in measurement data. In Jurmala City, obtaining of data by GNNS data receivers is encumbered by large density of trees. Therefore the local geodetic network in city has very important role in order to ensure performance of geodetic measurements of high quality in the territory of the city. Aim of the research is to evaluate the accuracy of the local geodetic network of Jurmala City. The following tasks have been set for achieving the aim: research of the given problem, visit of the local geodetic network points, performing control measurements, data processing and analysis.

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Krzyżek, Robert. "Verification of applicability of the Trimble RTX satellite technology with xFill function in establishing surveying control networks." Geodesy and Cartography 62, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geocart-2013-0014.

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Abstract The paper presents the results of real time measurements of test geodetic control network points using the RTK GPS and RTX Extended technologies. The Trimble RTX technology uses the xFill function, which enables real measurements without the need for constant connection with the ASG EUPOS system reference stations network. Comparative analyses of the results of measurements using the methods were performed and they were compared with the test control network data assumed to be error-free. Although the Trimble RTX technology is an innovative measurement method which is rarely used now, the possibilities it provides in surveying works, including building geodetic control networks, are satisfactory and it will certainly contribute to improving the organisation of surveying works.

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Fellner, Andrzej, and Henryk Jafernik. "Airborne Measurement System During Validation of Egnos/Gnss Essential Parameters in Landing." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 96, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2014-0004.

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Abstract The air transport requires certificate of ground and deck devices, systems and adequate procedures. However applied geodetic techniques and measuring technologies depend on taken undertakings. If one should precisely put standard ground systems and the navigational assistance are overbalancing static geodetic techniques and measuring technologies. However operational activity, depending on the phase of the flight a real requires applying geodetic techniques and measuring Jechnologies time”. As part of conducted air tests they made the validation of four fundamental parameters (accuracy, credibility, availability, continuity) of satellite EGNOS, GNSS signals, made as part of European projects: “Support to the EGNOS APV Operational Implementation - APV MIELEC”, air tests enabled to draw right procedures up and to apply satellite signals in the air transport. Details will be presented in the following article.

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Braun, Jaroslav, and Martin Štroner. "Geodetic Measurement of Longitudinal Displacements of the Railway Bridge." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 12 (June 3, 2014): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.12.3.

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The paper deals with geodetic measurements of mutual longitudinal displacements ofconstruction of the railway bridge and rails on the bridge in Klášterec nad Oh í.Construction of the bridge is made of steel with a concrete deck, which carries the stonesuperstructure and rails. The bridge is about 100 meters long and expected deformationsare in millimetres. The method of geodetic network with the expected standard deviationsof coordinates about 0.2 mm was chosen. The deformation of the structure was determinedto be 4 mm, the deformation of the rails was determined to be 1 mm, both as a result ofepoch comparison.

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Markuze, Yu I., Anh Cuong Le, Thi Thu Nguyen, and Hai Nam Dinh. "Monitoring coarse measurement errors and initial data." Geodesy and Cartography 937, no. 7 (August 20, 2018): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2018-937-7-11-16.

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Rough errors are a consequence of the observer’s miscalculations, device malfunctions, their displacements at the time of measurement, incorrect measurement techniques chosen, rapid and sharp deterioration of external conditions and other causes. That is why, one of the problems in the theory of mathematical processing geodetic measurements is culling measurements containing gross errors. In the last two decades received recursion equalization has been widespread. It enables evaluating the unknown while new measurements are added to the network and measurements with gross errors are deleted [3, 4]. In the article, a complementary recurrent equalization is developed. It is original, convenient and recommended for wide application in production.

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Gelman, R. N., and A. V. Nikitin. "Radius measurement of a revolution surface: photogrammetric and geodetic variants." Geodesy and Cartography 927, no. 9 (October 20, 2017): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2017-927-9-30-36.

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A description of methods for measuring the radius of curvature of any surface of revolution without the use of special devices and direct contact with the object is given. The method the minimum number of linear and angular measurements at a single point of tool is based on. The height of the cross section for which the radius of curvature is determined can be different with respect to the standpoint. The method in the photogrammetric version, when the main measurements taking from a photograph and a purely geodetic using traditional instrument, can be used. At azimuth geodetic option disappear the process of measuring the image and the issues associated with camera calibration, but requires bulky and expensive equipment as well as additional measurement of angles. Photogrammetric method is more suitable in urban environments due to its simplicity and speed. The justification of the tolerances during installation of the camera is given; a simplified method for its calibration is given; as well as an example of using the photogrammetric method for measuring a real object.

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Beran, Tomas, Lee Danisch, Adam Chrzanowski, and Maciej Bazanowski. "Measurement of Deformations by MEMS Arrays, Verified at Sub-millimetre Level Using Robotic Total Stations." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 12 (June 3, 2014): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.12.6.

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Measurement of sub-millimetre-level deformations of structures in the presence of ambient temperature changes can be challenging. This paper describes the measurement of a structure moving due to temperature changes, using two ShapeAccelArray (SAA) instruments, and verified by a geodetic monitoring system. SAA is a geotechnical instrument often used for monitoring of displacements in soil. SAA uses micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) sensors to measure tilt in the gravity field. The geodetic monitoring system, which uses ALERT software, senses the displacements of targets relative to control points, using a robotic total station (RTS). The test setup consists of a central four-metre free-standing steel tube with other steel tubes welded to most of its length. The central tube is anchored in a concrete foundation. This composite “pole” is equipped with two SAAs as well as three geodetic prisms mounted on the top, in the middle, and in the foundation. The geodetic system uses multiple control targets mounted in concrete foundations of nearby buildings, and at the base of the pole. Long-term observations using two SAAs indicate that the pole is subject to deformations due to cyclical ambient temperature variations causing the pole to move by a few millimetres each day. In a multiple-day experiment, it was possible to track this movement using SAA as well as the RTS system. This paper presents data comparing the measurements of the two instruments and provides a good example of the detection of two-dimensional movements of seemingly rigid objects due to temperature changes.

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Kuzmich, Oleksandr. "STUDY OF GEODESIC SCIENCE IN DIFFERENT PERIODS DEVELOPMENT OF HUMANITY." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 76 (March 1, 2021): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.76.132-137.

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The article examines the formation and development of geodetic science in different periods of human activity. Approaches to studying geodetic science in modern. At the present stage, the learning process moves from a mechanical concept to an informational one. Electronic total stations, various databases, software replace the means of measurement and processing, typical of the twentieth century, and, accordingly, the approach to the study of geodetic sciences.

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Graham Cogley, J. "Geodetic and direct mass-balance measurements: comparison and joint analysis." Annals of Glaciology 50, no. 50 (2009): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769744.

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AbstractThis paper describes a new compilation of both direct and geodetic mass-balance measurements, develops a procedure to reduce diverse balance measurements over different time-spans to common time-spans, and presents updated estimates of global average balance of small glaciers based on the enlarged compilation. Although geodetic measurements are fewer than direct measurements, they cover four times as many balance years. Direct and geodetic measurements are unbiased with respect to one another, but differences are often substantial. The statistical procedure can be understood by imagining that an n-year balance measurement is an average of a series of 1 year measurements. The series is hypothetical but we can calculate the uncertainty of each of its elements if, in addition to its measured average, we can also estimate its standard deviation. For this claim to be valid, the annual series must be stationary and normally distributed with independent (roughly, uncorrelated) elements, for which there is reasonable evidence. The need to know the standard deviation means that annual direct measurements from a nearby glacier, or equally reliable information about variability, are indispensable. Given this information, the new methodology results in moderately more negative balances. This is probably because tidewater glaciers are better represented in the geodetic data. In any case, the most recent published estimate of global average balance, 0.8–1.0mma–1 of sea-level equivalent for 2001–04, is now increased substantially to 1.1–1.4 mma–1 for 2001–05.

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Hudnut, K. W., Y. Bock, M. Cline, P. Fang, Y. Feng, J. Freymueller, X. Ge, et al. "Co-seismic displacements of the 1992 landers earthquake sequence." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 84, no. 3 (June 1, 1994): 625–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0840030625.

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Abstract We present co-seismic displacement vectors derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements of 92 stations in southern California. These GPS results are combined with five well-determined GPS displacement vectors from continuously tracking stations of the Permanent GPS Geodetic Array, as well as line-length changes from USGS Geodolite and two-color laser trilateration observations, to determine a self-consistent set of geodetic data for the earthquake. These combined displacements are modeled by an elastic dislocation representation of the primary fault rupture planes. On average, the model residuals are about twice the estimated measurement errors.

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Kovalev, S. V., and D. A. Shapovalov. "Kovalev passive rangefinder." Geodesy and Cartography 969, no. 3 (April 20, 2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2021-969-3-12-18.

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The authors present the results of longtime research on the development and improvement of a passive geodetic rangefinder based on the inbasis method of distance measurement. Actually, active laser range finders are not always effective at field works. An original compact optical scheme of a passive rangefinder based on a theodolite telescope and a mould photo receiver with application of digital methods for coordinate calculation is proposed. The distance and dimensions of the object are defined. The former is identified by the shift between the images on the horizontal axis. The merit of such a system is the absence of mechanical displacements. Its main advantage is an extremely simple optical path. The technical result is reduction in overall dimensions and weight, while maintaining an acceptable error in the passive range measurement. The use of Kovalev passive rangefinder is promising at performing geodetic measurements with total stations. There is also a description of the rangefinder sample as well as the calculations results according to the distance measurement accuracy.

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Karpik, Alexander P., Nikolay S. Kosarev, Konstantin M. Antonovich, Irina G. Ganagina, and Vladimir Yu Timofeev. "OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF GNSS RECEIVERS WITH CHIP SCALE ATOMIC CLOCKS FOR BASELINE MEASUREMENTS." Geodesy and cartography 44, no. 4 (January 10, 2018): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/gac.2018.4051.

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Currently, one of the topical issues of improving GLONASS system is modernization of its uniformity measurement equipment, including RF measurement equipment and electronic length measurement equipment. To this end, at the Spatial Reference Proving Ground of theSiberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies (SSUGT), the authors of this article carried out a successful experiment to measure a short GNSS baseline by receivers equipped with Chip Scale Atomic Clocks (CSACs) with instability of 10−11 showed that the mean deviation between the slant distance (D) measured using GNSS receivers connected to CSACs and their certified value varied in the range of 0.1–2.5 mm, with the average value of 0.9 mm. The mean deviation obtained using GNSS geodetic receivers not connected to CSAC and their certified value made up 9.4 mm. The obtained experimental results suggest that substitution of quartz frequency generators with temperature compensation used in geodetic GNSS receivers for Chip Scale Atomic Clocks in any metrological or verification kit increases accuracy and reliability of short baselines measurements results, which highly perspective in view of development of techniques for creating reference baselines with a reproduction error of unit length of about 1 mm per 1 km. The above-mentioned experiment opens up new horizons for the use of Chip Scale Atomic Clocks in such fields of science as metrological support of geodetic equipment, geodesy, etc.

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Specht, Cezary, Andrzej Wilk, Wladyslaw Koc, Krzysztof Karwowski, Paweł Dąbrowski, Mariusz Specht, Sławomir Grulkowski, et al. "Verification of GNSS Measurements of the Railway Track Using Standard Techniques for Determining Coordinates." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 2874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12182874.

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The problem of the reproduction of the railway geometric layout in the global spatial system is currently solved in the form of measurements that use geodetic railway networks and also, in recent years, efficient methods of mobile positioning (mainly satellite and inert). The team of authors from the Gdańsk University of Technology and the Maritime University in Gdynia as part of the research project InnoSatTrack is looking for effective and efficient methods for the inventory of railway lines. The research is part of a wider investigation BRIK (Research and Development in Railway Infrastructure, in polish: Badania i Rozwój w Infrastrukturze Kolejowej). This paper presents a comparative analysis of the problem of the reproduction of the trajectory of the measuring system using tacheometry, satellite measurements made using a measurement trolley, and mobile satellite measurements. Algorithms enabling the assessment of the compliance of satellite measurements with classic tacheometric measurements were presented. To this end, the authors held measurement sessions using modern geodetic instruments and satellite navigation on a section of the railway line. The results of the measurements indicate the convergence of the level of accuracy achieved by different measuring techniques.

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Tregoning, P., F. K. Brunner, Y. Bock, S. S. O. Puntodewo, R. McCaffrey, J. F. Genrich, E. Calais, J. Rais, and C. Subarya. "First geodetic measurement of convergence across the Java Trench." Geophysical Research Letters 21, no. 19 (September 15, 1994): 2135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94gl01856.

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Shui-Beih, Yu, and Lee Chiungwu. "Geodetic measurement of horizontal crustal deformation in eastern Taiwan." Tectonophysics 125, no. 1-3 (May 1986): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(86)90007-7.

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Chen, Feng, Liang Yao Gu, Yue Yang, and Xiang Hua Wu. "Reconstruction Method of Existing Speed Rail Based on Precision Measurement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1761.

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Absolute measuring principle of the high-speed rail was introduced to the measurement of existing speed rail. The line parameter reconstruction and long-wave smooth management is implemented. CPIII control points are laid along existing speed rail. Using the track fine-adjustment instrument, the center geodetic coordinates of midline of track were measured precisely. By least squares fitting method, parameters of straight line between curves was calculated. Plane curve were reconstructed based on measured geodetic coordinates of the continuous rail. The optimization results were used for the theoretical basis, and smoothness of 30 meters chord and 300 meters chord of rail were analyzed, and adjustments of plane curve were calculated to meet the long-wave smooth of rail.

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Barrand, Nicholas E., Timothy D. James, and Tavi Murray. "Spatio-temporal variability in elevation changes of two high-Arctic valley glaciers." Journal of Glaciology 56, no. 199 (2010): 771–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214310794457362.

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AbstractUncertainties in estimates of glacier and ice-cap contribution to sea-level rise exist in part due to poor quantification of mass-balance errors, particularly those resulting from extrapolation of sparse measurements. Centre-line data are often assumed to be representative of the glacier as a whole, with little attention paid to extrapolation errors or their effect on mass-balance estimates. Here we present detailed digital elevation model (DEM) measurements of glacier-wide elevation changes over the last ~40 years at two glaciers on Svalbard, Norwegian Arctic. Austre Br0ggerbreen and Midtre Lovenbreen are shown to have lost 27.54 ± 0.98 and 9.65 ± 0.76 × 107m3 of ice, respectively, between 1966 and 2005, findings that we relate to trends in average summer air temperatures and winter accumulation. These volume losses correspond to geodetic balances of -0.58 ± 0.03 and -0.41 ± 0.03 mw.e. a-1, respectively. Our analysis revealed high spatial complexity in patterns of elevation change, varying between glaciers, between measurement intervals and within and between elevation bins. Balances from extrapolated centre-line geodetic data were the same (within errors) as those from full-coverage DEM differencing in the majority of comparisons, yet significantly underestimated balance in three instances. Additionally, field mass balance from centre-line ablation stake data underestimated balances from full-coverage geodetic measurements during three of six measurement periods. These findings may support the hypothesis that field measurements underestimate Svalbard glacier mass loss, at least partly as a result of the failure of centre-line measurements to account for glacier-wide variations in ablation. Our results demonstrate the importance of deriving accurate interpolation functions and constraining extrapolation errors from sparse measurements.

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Knol, Ivan A. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF GEODETIC MONITORING ACCURACY OF UPPER SURFACE OF ENGINEERING OBJECTS AND CONSTRUCTIONS." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 26, no. 2 (2021): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2021-26-2-18-27.

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The development of totally new methods for geodetic monitoring of engineering objects and con-structions in emergency state is a relevant scientific and technical task of geodesy. The results of such studies allow to ensure prompt and reliable data of the condition of a spatial object for the purpose of its safe exploitation. The article presents experimental studies of a quadcopter model according to the developed by the author method for geodetic monitoring of engineering objects and constructions based on the multi-agent system theory. The article describes the test model of quadcopter and mean square error calculation of elevation measurement in the laboratory conditions of the station. Based on the experiment results the article makes the conclusion about the possibility of measurement by the described method. The suggested method is possible in situations when measurements by man are im-possible and the object of geo-monitoring is an inaccessible place.

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Wang, De Bao, Jian Zhang, Xue Ling Fang, and Xi Wang. "Key Technology on Constructing Modern Geodetic Control Network in Shandong Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2766–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2766.

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This document illustrates the overall technical requirements of constructing modern geodetic control net in Shandong. Besides, it discusses the key technology of following aspects: the layout, observation and data processing of A, B and C-order GPS control net; the repetition measurement of second-class level net throughout the entire Shandong; the repetition and filling-in measurement of third-class level net of Shandong; geoid refining. What’s more, it demonstrates the vital significance and expected precision indexes of constructing recent geodetic control net in Shandong.

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Bručas, Domantas, Vytautas Giniotis, and Petras Petroškevičius. "BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF THE FLAT ANGLE CALIBRATION TEST BENCH FOR GEODETIC INSTRUMENTS." Geodesy and cartography 32, no. 3 (August 3, 2012): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921541.2006.9636698.

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In our days precise geodetic instruments are very widely used in geodesy, building structures, surveying, machine engineering etc. Many of those instruments are based on precise measurement of the directions differences (ie measurement of angles). Such instruments are: theodolites, digital theodolites, total stations etc. Testing and calibration of these instruments is quite complicated task, although it is evidently needed. In this paper we present the creation and preliminary research of accuracy of the test bench designed to perform the testing and calibration of such geodetic instruments.

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Janos, Daniel, and Przemysław Kuras. "Evaluation of Low-Cost GNSS Receiver under Demanding Conditions in RTK Network Mode." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 5552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165552.

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Positioning with low-cost GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers is becoming increasingly popular in many engineering applications. In particular, dual-frequency receivers, which receive signals of all available satellite systems, offer great possibilities. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the accuracy of a position determination using low-cost receivers in different terrain conditions. The u-blox ZED-F9P receiver was used for testing, with the satellite signal supplied by both a dedicated u-blox ANN-MB-00 low-cost patch antenna and the Leica AS10 high-precision geodetic one. A professional Leica GS18T geodetic receiver was used to acquire reference satellite data. In addition, on the prepared test base, observations were made using the Leica MS50 precise total station, which provided higher accuracy and stability of measurement than satellite positioning. As a result, it was concluded that the ZED-F9P receiver equipped with a patch antenna is only suitable for precision measurements in conditions with high availability of open sky. However, the configuration of this receiver with a geodetic-grade antenna significantly improves the quality of results, beating even professional geodetic equipment. In most cases of the partially obscured horizon, a high precision positioning was obtained, making the ZED-F9P a valuable alternative to the high-end geodetic receivers in many applications.

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Woźniak, Marek, and Waldemar Odziemczyk. "Investigation of Stability of Precise Geodetic Instruments Used in Deformation Monitoring." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 104, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rgg-2017-0017.

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Abstract Monitoring systems using automated electronic total stations are an important element of safety control of many engineering objects. In order to ensure the appropriate credibility of acquired data, it is necessary that instruments (total stations in most of the cases) used for measurements meet requirements of measurement accuracy, as well as the stability of instrument axis system geometry. With regards to the above, it is expedient to conduct quality control of data acquired using electronic total stations in the context of performed measurement procedures. This paper presents results of research conducted at the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography at Warsaw University of Technology investigating the stability of “basic” error values (collimation, zero location for V circle, inclination), for two types of automatic total stations: TDA 5005 and TCRP 1201+. Research provided also information concerning the influence of temperature changes upon the stability of investigated instrument’s optical parameters. Results are presented in graphical analytic technique. Final conclusions propose methods, which allow avoiding negative results of measuring tool-set geometry changes during conducting precise deformation monitoring measurements.

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Kovačič, Boštjan, Luka Štraus, Mateja Držečnik, and Zoran Pučko. "Applicability and Analysis of the Results of Non-Contact Methods in Determining the Vertical Displacements of Timber Beams." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 25, 2021): 8936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198936.

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Determining the displacements and consequent deformations of structures is a demanding branch of engineering. Displacements are most often determined by geodetic methods, among which high-precision non-contact methods have recently taken the lead. Engineering geodesy is an indispensable part of construction projects. In the desire for efficient and fast measurements, the technology of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and the use of robotic total station (RTS) and other geodetic methods are becoming more and more useful for engineers. In the presented study, we focused on the measurement and comparison of vertical displacements with various mentioned equipment and the determination of the influence of meteorological conditions on the displacements of timber beams that we used to perform the experiment. Measurements were performed both in the laboratory and outdoors. A novelty in the work was the use of a TLS scanner to determine the evaluation of small value displacements and the analysis of the usability of geodetic measuring equipment. In the Materials and Methods section, we describe the equipment used and the characteristics of the beams. The Results section describes the experimental outcomes, which include the performance of experimental analysis of vertical displacements of timber beams under different meteorological conditions. Altogether, the results consist of geodetic measurements and the processing of measured data. The results of measurements of vertical displacements with a terrestrial laser scanner were compared with the results obtained with a robotic total station were evaluated and compared with the displacements calculated from static analysis and the results of other methods used.

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Ehigiator, R. Irughe, J. O. Ehiorobo, M. O. Ehigiator, and Ashraf A. Beshr. "Determining the Subsidence of Oil Storage Tank Walls from Geodetic Leveling." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.467.

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In this paper the monitoring for subsidence in crude oil storage tanks by the method of Geodetic leveling is discussed. The monitoring network consisted of three control points established about 100m from the tank and 16 studs established at the base of the tank. From the control points, the stud locations were leveled using a geodetic level with parallel plate micrometer and telescopic staves. All levels were run in forward and reverse directions and the measurements were carried out in 2003, 2004 and 2008. Adjustment of observation was carried out using the least squares estimation model to determine the elevation of each stud position in the three measurement epochs together with their accuracy standards. Comparisons were made of the calculated movements from the three measurement epochs and the associated accuracies calculated from the least squares model. Analysis of the results indicated that with the exception of one stud ( stud 8), all other studs emplaced had moved and the movements ranged from 0.91mm to 13.06mm

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Bond, Jason. "Enabling innovation through geodetic technologies: a provincial perspective." GEOMATICA 70, no. 3 (September 2016): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2016-303.

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Geodetic technologies enable the measurement of the size, shape and orientation of the Earth, as well as the variation of these parameters over time. Advances in geodetic technology over the past few decades, particularly relating to Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), have made access to real-time centimetre-level positioning accuracy commonplace. As spatial position information becomes more critical to human and artificial intelligence decision-making processes, innovation has ensued to leverage that information. A review of key advances in geodetic technology is provided. Examples of innovations that leverage these technologies are presented. It is concluded that the role of geodetic infrastructure will become increasingly important as the backbone for other innovations and that jurisdictions investing resources in this area will be more likely to realize the potential economic benefits and operational efficiencies it creates.

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Filipiak, Daria, and Waldemar Kamiński. "Determination of Rectification Corrections for Semi Gantry Crane Rail Axes in the Local 3D Coordinate System." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 97, no. 1 (February 3, 2015): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2014-0012.

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AbstractElectronic tacheometers are currently the standard instruments used in geodetic work, including also geodetic engineering measurements. The main advantage connected with this equipment is among others high accuracy of the measurement and thus high accuracy of the final determinations represented for example by the points’ coordinates. One of many applications of the tacheometers is the measurement of crane rail axes. This measurement is based on polar method and it allows to get the spatial coordinates of points in 3D local system. The standard technology of measurement of crane rail axes and development of its calculations’ results is well-known and widely presented in the subject literature. At the same time new methods of observations results evaluation are developing.Some new proposals for the development of measurement results were already presented in (Kamiński, 2013).This paper is a generalisation of the paper quoted above. The authors developed the concept which was presented there by a proposal for determining rectification corrections for semi gantry crane rail axes. To carried out the task, the parametric method with conditions on parameters was used. Moreover the practical tests on simulated measurement results were conducted. The results obtained from alignment confirmed the theoretical assumptions.Despite the fact that analyses were carried out only on the simulated data, it is already possible to say that presented method for determination of rectification corrections for crane rail axes can be used for development of the observations from real measurement.

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Kovačič, Boštjan, Rok Kamnik, and Nikolay Vatin. "Geodetic Measurement of Vertical Displacements (Illustrated with the Slovenian Viaduct)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.913.

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Today there are a lot of sophisticated methods to measure and analyse a bridge during load tests as a GPS, photogrammetric measurements, laser scanning, etc., The use of an classical techniques as trigonometric hights is still good enough for most demanding field observations. In practice control measurements are performed with the help of geodetic measurements, of which the basic goal is to capture any geometric changes in the measured object, or its displacements and deformations are found. In this article the use of trigonometric hights during a load test on the biggest Slovenian viaduct “Črni Kal” is introduced, displacement measurements on the viaduct and an analysis of results, with particular stress on the accuracy of the calculations.

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Chadwell, C. David, Fred N. Spiess, John A. Hildebrand, and Aaron D. Sweeney. "Precision acoustic geodetic measurement of seafloor motion over 10 km." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 100, no. 4 (October 1996): 2669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.416911.

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Cesnek, Tomas, Jakub Chromcak, and Jana Izvoltová. "Geodetic and Microgravity Measurement used in St. Mary’s Assumption Chapel." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 661 (November 20, 2019): 012101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/661/1/012101.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Geodetic measurement'

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