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Journal articles on the topic 'Geodetic surveying'
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1
Kriauciunaite-Neklejonoviene, Vilma, Donatas Rekus, Giedrius Balevicius, and Oleg Kolbovskij. "Technology of Geodetic Control at Railway Construction Stages." Baltic Surveying 8 (October 31, 2018): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2018.007.
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Railway tracks require more thorough maintenance and analysis than regular roads for cars. Defects are here noticed and recorded by using special equipment. Construction of railway roads and their exploitation requires optimal accuracy and monitoring of surveying. It is related to maximum allowed speed of trains, the environment, transport and human safety. In order to highlight complex problems of railway road exploitation, the evaluation of railway roads was conducted. Problem areas of railway maintenance were identified. Their monitoring needs to be improved by applying geodetic devices for surveying. Comparing analogous surveying conducted using EM140 machine with that of geodetic equipment, one can see the advantage of geodetic surveying. Technical gaps in the surveying process, data storage and procession were evaluated as well. It was discovered that maintenance and monitoring works should be pursued more frequently using high accuracy geodetic equipment. Key words: railway, geodetic surveying, accuracy of surveying, EM140.
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Litynskyi, Volodymyr, Svyatoslav Litynskyi, Anatolii Vivat, Mykhailo Fys, and Andrii Brydun. "The accuracy investigation of point coordinates’ determination using a fixed basis for high-precision geodesy binding." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 107, no. 1 (May 11, 2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2019-0003.
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AbstractModern scanners can perform terrestrial topographic survey with resolution of 1 cm and accuracy of 2 mm in just a few minute‘s time, from the distance of up to 100 meters. However, for surface topographical surveying of large territories or complex industrial objects, it is necessary to conduct geodetic traverses and perform their binding to the points of the geodesic basis. One method of coordinate transferring during surveying is by using the method of inverse linear-angular intersection, which involves the measuring of the respective sides S1, S2 and the β angle between them. This method is more precise than the classical one, which usually contains centring and reduction errors. The linear-angular intersection method can also be used for many applications in engineering geodesy, for laying geodetic traverses, and for binding to the wall based points of ground-surveying.
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Uspeneva, Marina G., and Andrej M. Astapov. "APPLICATION OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF ENGINEERING AND GEODESIC WORKS FOR SURVEYING OF MAIN GAS PIPELINES." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-1-1-50-63.
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During the construction of oil and gas pipelines, a complex of engineering and geodetic works is necessary to ensure the geometric parameters of the designed routes during their laying. Therefore, the development of new methods for performing engineering and geodetic works for tracing linear structures using modern instruments is an urgent task. The purpose of this research is to analyze the modern methodology for the implementation of engineering and geodetic works for surveying and construction of the gas pipeline. The object of surveying is the route of the main gas pipeline «Aikhal-Udachny». The approbation of the methodology for performing engineering and geodetic works surveying for the «Aikhal-Udachny» gas pipeline was carried out and an analysis of the results was given.
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Ustinova, Nelli, Vello Kala, Tarvo Mill, and Artu Ellmann. "GEODETIC SURVEYING STUDIES FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENTS AT TALLINN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY." Geodesy and Cartography 38, no. 2 (June 29, 2012): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2012.692213.
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Studies in the Tallinn University of Technology are based on a modular system, where geodetic surveying comprises a self-contained study module in the curricula of all civil engineering specialities. Due to geodetic surveying being taught to all first year students of civil engineering, it serves as a touchstone to test a student's suitability for an engineering specialism. Future civil engineers are taught basic geodetic measurements and how to use optical theodolite, levelling instrument and laser level. The paper gives an overview of geodetic surveying lectures, laboratory classes and field survey camp. Teaching and assessment are based on learning outcomes. Students who have passed the exam are allowed to participate in the summer field survey camp, the aim of which is consolidating the knowledge acquired throughout the year and practising teamwork.
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Carter, W. E., D. S. Robertson, and J. R. MacKay. "Geodetic radio interferometric surveying: Applications and results." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 90, B6 (May 10, 1985): 4577–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb090ib06p04577.
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Pacina, Jan. "Geodetic surveying as part of archaeological research in Sudan." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 14, no. 1 (June 27, 2015): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.14.1.4.
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<p>Surveying is an important part of any archaeological research. In this paper we focus on the archaeological research in north Sudan (6<sup>th</sup> Nile cataract) and the surveying methods applicable under the local conditions. Surveying in the Third World countries is affected by the political situation (limited import of surveying tools), local conditions (lack of fixed points, GNSS correction signal), inaccessible basemaps and fixed point network. This article describes the methods and results obtained during the three archaeological seasons (2011-2014). The classical surveying methods were combined with KAP (Kite Aerial Photography) to obtain the desired results in form of archaeological maps, detailed orthophoto images and other analyses results.</p>
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Zaalishvili, Vladislav, and Dmitry Melkov. "Anthropogenic landslide geodetic monitoring." E3S Web of Conferences 281 (2021): 09015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128109015.
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The first results of monitoring the slow dynamics of an anthropogenic landslide located in the mountainous part of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania are presented in the article. Landslide motion measurements were performed using tacheometric surveying and the GPS/GLONASS global positioning system. The article considers the selection of sites for installation the basic network points for landslides monitoring.
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Mika, Monika. "Proposals for Changes in Surveying-Legal Procedures for the Needs of Cadastre in Poland." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 102, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rgg-2016-0028.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the need for changes of geodetic-legal procedures for the cadastre and real estate management. This problem was analyzed both in theoretical and practical terms. In order to better present the analyzed technical and legal procedures, a study of several cases of surveying documentation was made. On their example the problems associated with the surveying services were shows and the formal and legal procedures, on the basis of which described surveying works were done were verified. The problem presented is current and valid not only for the comfort of the surveyor's work, but also from the point of view of the structure and modernization of the real estate cadastre, constituting the backbone of the real estate management. The article emphasized the need to unify the databases of state registers and the digitization of the National Geodetic and Cartographic Resources (PZDGiK). Research has shown that despite the continuous changes of legislation, there are still many shortcomings and gaps, which often complicate the surveying works. The surveyor must analyze and verify all materials he uses, including those obtained from the Centre of Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation (ODGiK). The quality of the geodetic and cartographic elaboration depends largely on the work of the Centre of Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation. The need of modernization of the Land and Buildings Registry, which acts as a cadastre in Poland, has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the unification of data used as reference systems both for plane coordinates and elevation has been proposed.
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Collins, James. "Role of the Private Sector in Geodetic Surveying." Journal of Surveying Engineering 112, no. 2 (October 1986): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9453(1986)112:2(79).
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Azarov, B. F. "EXPERIENCE OF USING GLS-1500 SCANNER IN ENGINEERING-GEODETIC SURVEYING OF ROADS." Engineering survey 13, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25296/1997-8650-2019-13-2-26-34.
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Abstract: modern geodetic technologies allow us to quickly obtain relevant, precise and reliable geospatial data. An example of such a technology is ground-based laser scanning. Currently, this technology is actively used in the performance of engineering and geodetic surveys of roads. The devices and software of different companies are used, differing in their accuracy characteristics and functionality. The article focuses on the experience of the use of GLS-1500 ground-based laser scanner produced by TOPCON and ScanMaster ground-based laser scanning data processing software for engineering and geodetic surveys in order to repair nine sections of the Federal highway R-256 "Chuysky tract" with a total length of over than 100 km. The article also describes the options used for registration of scanning data, the features of their use depending on the availability of geodetic control on the object. The order of processing the results of ground-based laser scanning using ScanMaster software is considered. According to the results of field work on ground-based laser scanning of nine sections of the R-256 highway, the time and accuracy of scanning data were estimated. The method of estimation of time spent on scanning works is also described. The issue of evaluating the accuracy of obtaining the scan data in the ScanMaster software is considered. It is noted that the accuracy of the geodetic reference, thus, the accuracy of the absolute orientation of the scans can be estimated by the differences between the coordinates of the marks that were scanned from the location of the device and calculated by ScanMaster software, and their specified values obtained from the equalization of the geodetic control. In conclusion, it is stated that the optimal time and accuracy of scanning with GLS-1500 device are achieved by using the geodetic reference of the scans by the inverse length-angle intersection at two points of the geodetic control.
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I.S., Trevoho, and Tsyupak I.M. "Prospects of Metrological Provision Linear Geodetic of Measurements on the Geodetic Test Field." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 94, no. 1 (October 1, 2013): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2013-0007.
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Abstract This paper gives brief information on existing metrological support for the Yavoriv of scientific of the geodetic of test field (SGTF) for testing of modern of surveying equipment (rangefinders, electronic total stations and GNSS receivers). Analyzed ways to improve the fundamental geodetic network and the standard linear of basis, as working standards for testing, in accordance, GNSS receivers and a rangefinders, as well as for study an accuracy technology of GNSS leveling.
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Xie, Rui, and Xiao Qiang Liu. "Design and Research of Coalfield Geodetic Survey Control Point Result Information Management System Based on GIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2811.
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Coalfield control survey results are work foundation of coalfield construction and whole engineering surveying and initial data of coalfield-exploration surveying and mapping. Digital information management system is an inevitable trend to coalfield control-survey data digital management. The paper introduced the design of information management system of control point results in coalfield geodetic survey based on GIS. It contained the system architecture, function module, safety management module and others. The realization of the system can make standardized management, information processing and sharing, and security of coalfield geodetic survey results effective improvement. It has an important meaning and strong practical value.
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Klatt, Calvin. "Geodetic technologies enabling innovation Part 1: Federal Government." GEOMATICA 70, no. 3 (September 2016): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2016-304.
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In support of discussions regarding the use of coordinates in cadastral surveying, we provide an overview of federal government activities in geodesy and review issues related to geodetic coordinates and the compatibility of data, in particular spatial and temporal consistency. The Canadian Geodetic Survey is the Government of Canada’s lead agency in geodesy, and is the principal agency responsible for establishing the reference frames or datums used in determining geodetic coordinates in Canada. A summary of issues relating to epoch propagation addresses concerns specific to the use of precise geodetic coordinate systems today.
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Gergen, John G. "Roles of Government and Private Sector in Geodetic Surveying." Journal of Surveying Engineering 112, no. 2 (October 1986): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9453(1986)112:2(98).
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Feofanov, N., and A. Feofanov. "Characterization of waste piles by surveying and geodetic measurements." Collection of Research Papers of the National Mining University 60 (2020): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/crpnmu/60.136.
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Sarti, P., P. Sillard, and L. Vittuari. "Surveying co-located space-geodetic instruments for ITRF computation." Journal of Geodesy 78, no. 3 (September 2, 2004): 210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00190-004-0387-0.
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Labant, Slavomír, Hana Staňková, and Roland Weiss. "Geodetic Determining of Stockpile Volume of Mineral Excavated in Open Pit Mine/ Geodetické Určenie Objemu Vyťažiteľných Zásob Nerastu V Povrchovom Lome." GeoScience Engineering 59, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gse-2014-0049.
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Abstract In the contemporary geodetic practice it is practically a must to use modern geodetic apparatuses and a variety of the CAD (Computer Aided Design) software for processing and visualising spatial data. The present paper deals with geodetic surveying of Kecerovce open pit mine to determine, for the purpose of mine reopening and commencing with mining of andesite, the volume of non-extracted volumes of andesite. The open pit mine is situated on the foot of Slanské vrchy mountain range. Determining of the auxiliary survey control points and the quarry vicinity was performed by GNSS technology and RTK method. Detailed surveying of the open pit mine was performed through an electronic total station. By measurements attained spatial data were processed by pertinent proprietary software. Subsequently, the determined spatial coordinated were imported into the graphiccalculating softwares for further processing and visualisation. These graphical-calculating applications make possible not only 3D modelling and visualising of surfaces but also their analysing, especially then determining the volumetric data that represent various aspects necessary to assess as activities within the related branches so possible future development.
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Gu Kang, Sang. "Establishing Efficient Cadastral Surveying Plan in Accordance with Introducing World Geodetic Reference System in Korea." Modern Environmental Science and Engineering 1, no. 6 (February 2016): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/mese(2333-2581)/06.01.2015/003.
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Zeng, Huai En. "Geodetic Datum Transformation and Inverse Transformation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 2154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.2154.
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Geodetic datum transformation and inverse transformation are very basic tasks in geodesy, and surveying engineering, etc. Considering the rotation angles are in seconds, the rotation matrix is simplified, and then the observation equation is easily linearized and solved by least squares technique. The inverse transformation is derived explicitly, which uses the property of rotation matrix and Rodrigues matrix. A numerical case is studied to validate the approaches in the paper.
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Celms, Armands, Velta Parsova, Ilona Reke, and Janis Akmentins. "Tendencies of development of local geodetic network in Riga city." Baltic Surveying 9 (December 5, 2018): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2018.013.
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Local geodetic network is very important in harmonic development of city territory. On the base of the local geodetic network, cadastral and topographic surveying works, engineering geodetic works and executive measurements of newly built buildings and engineering networks are carried out. In the territory of Riga, the local geodetic network was started to create in 1880, and in the course of time, as the city expanded, necessity to have wider reference network emerged. In 2005, in the territory of Latvia, network of continuously working base stations LatPos was launched, which ensured completely new trends in execution of measurements and accuracy reached. One year later, base station network EUPOS-RIGA was launched in the territory of Riga. It can be regarded as consistent part of Riga local geodetic network. The purpose of the research was to state, what are differences between historically used coordinates of points of the local geodetic network, and coordinates that are determined by use of real time corrections of LatPos and EUPOS-RIGA base station network. Measurements were made in the territory of Riga in period from December 2016 until April 2017. In the framework of the research, 61 point of the local geodetic network was inspected and in 38 cases GNSS observations in RTK mode were completed. In the research, catalogues of coordinates of polygonometry points of sixties and eighties were used in order to compare what differences of coordinates existed historically. The main conclusion drawn during the research – historical points of the local geodetic network shall not be used for surveying works of any kind before improvement of them and before they comply with requirements of normative acts.
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Krzyżek, Robert. "Verification of applicability of the Trimble RTX satellite technology with xFill function in establishing surveying control networks." Geodesy and Cartography 62, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geocart-2013-0014.
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Abstract The paper presents the results of real time measurements of test geodetic control network points using the RTK GPS and RTX Extended technologies. The Trimble RTX technology uses the xFill function, which enables real measurements without the need for constant connection with the ASG EUPOS system reference stations network. Comparative analyses of the results of measurements using the methods were performed and they were compared with the test control network data assumed to be error-free. Although the Trimble RTX technology is an innovative measurement method which is rarely used now, the possibilities it provides in surveying works, including building geodetic control networks, are satisfactory and it will certainly contribute to improving the organisation of surveying works.
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Krzyżek, Robert. "Precision Analysis of Trimble Rtx Surveying Technology with Xfill Function in the Context of Obtained Conversion Observations." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 97, no. 1 (February 3, 2015): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2014-0011.
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AbstractAs a result of traditional geodetic surveying we usually achieve observations which are then used for calculating rectangular coordinates onto a plane along with precision evaluation. In this article the surveying methods are presented in which the situation is different. Test measurements were carried out, consisting in the measurement of a fragment of detailed control network in RTK (Real Time Kinematic) and RTX (Real Time Extended) mode with xFill function. First, the rectangular coordinates onto a plane (through the transformation of data ellipsoidal) were obtained, on the basis of which the conversion observations were determined and they were compared with each other, as well as with reference parameters - conversion observations out of detailed control network adjustment with use of the method of least squares. The results of the study allow to verify the precision and application possibilities of conversion observations obtained thanks to Trimble RTX technology with xFill function. Application of this surveying method in typical geodetic tasks is fully justifiable. Nevertheless, it is recommendable to be aware of the correlations of absolute or relative values obtained in RTX procedure to reference parameters, which in turn will enable conclusive verification of the possibilities of Trimble RTX technology application in certain geodetic surveys.
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Martyn, Andrii, and Ivan Openko. "Differentiation of requirements for the accuracy of cadastral surveys: the value of real estate as a determining factor." Baltic Surveying 11 (November 20, 2019): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2019.016.
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For millennia, the geodesic industry has improved methods and technologies for obtaining information on the location of objects on the Earth's surface, whose key task has been to improve the accuracy and reliability of measurements. At the same time, in recent decades, the rapid development of positioning technologies based on satellite radio navigation systems has created prerequisites for a situation where the acceptable accuracy of determining the geodetic characteristics of real estate becomes quite affordable even when using non-specialized geodetic equipment, including personal mobile devices. The article shows that the error in determining the area of land for registration of rights to real estate has its own "cost", which depends on the value of real estate in the area of survey. By the example of model sites, it is shown that further improvement of the accuracy of engineering surveying to determine the spatial characteristics of real estate objects would be economically feasible only if the cost of geodetic surveys (including the cost of purchasing new geodetic equipment, payment for labor of specially trained engineers, additional technical services and etc.) will not exceed the "cost of error" to determine the area of the site. Using the example of Ukraine, it is shown that the most accurate geodetic surveys (determining turning points of land borders with an accuracy of more than 0.02 m) are economically feasible only when the market value of a land plot exceeds USD 208 per square meter.
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Pospíšilová, Lucie, Jiří Pospíšil, and Hana Staňková. "MICRO-NETWORK CREATION IN INDUSTRIAL SURVEYING." Geodesy and Cartography 38, no. 2 (June 29, 2012): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2012.692216.
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Industrial surveying is special field of work within engineering surveying. In this article we have documented some procedures and principles which are very special in industrial surveying. A micro-network consists of net points which are set as a base for all surveying in the industry. These points create coordinate system for all measured parts of the machine. For realization of micro-network are used well known geodetic methods such as triangulation, trilateration, levelling or trigonometric high. As horizontal and vertical controls do not exist in a factory hall, a surveyor has to find some different method to start working.
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Batrakova, A., Y. Dorozhko, and V. Yemets. "FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTION OF DIGITAL RELIEF MODEL ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF GEODESIC SURVEYING LOCATIONS." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 161 (March 26, 2021): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-1-161-104-108.
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Topographic maps in digital and electronic forms are created on the basis of available paper topographic maps or on the basis of primary materials of geodetic surveys. Geodetic surveys are performed both by ground methods, without the use of photogrammetric materials, and on the basis of materials obtained as a result of ground phototheodolite or aerial photography. The construction of a digital terrain model is a multi-stage process, which consists of a significant number of interconnected operations performed at the stage of in-house processing of the results of geodetic measurements carried out during engineering and geodetic surveys. The quality of the final result of modeling depends on the quality of each stage of construction of a digital terrain model, so it is extremely important to pay attention to all technological processes of model construction. The digital relief model is considered as an ordered set of triangular faces constructed by the Delaunay algorithm. The main condition of this type of triangulation is that in the middle of the circle described around any triangle can not be the vertex of another triangle. Construction of a digital terrain model based on the results of geodetic surveying of the area in the general case can be divided into several stages. At the beginning, an automated construction of triangulation is performed on the basis of the results of geodetic measurements, which carry information about three-dimensional coordinates of survey points. Allotments adjust the display of horizontals. Regardless of the selected surface display style, the surface model is a grid of triangles. At the next stage of construction of the digital model of a relief carry out visual control of the created model and if necessary carry out editing of elements of a surface and change of position of edges of triangulation for change of position of horizontals. The last stage of building a digital terrain model based on the results of geodetic surveying of the area is the design of modeling results, the application of individual styles of reflection for individual areas of the surface and the creation of mountain strokes and signatures of horizontals.
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Wang, Y. S., P. Zhang, X. Q. Wang, and Z. Y. Wang. "RESEARCH AND IMPLEMENTATION OF GEODETIC DATABASE SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 8, 2020): 1183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-1183-2020.
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Abstract. With the gradual formation of the space technical system of National Geodetic Datum, the storage management and application services of the geodetic data have been developing rapidly. This paper studies Geodetic data content, characteristics, classification principles and classification methods in the geodetic technology system and initially forms a standard classification system of geodetic data. On the basis of studying the key technical links to the modern Geodetic Datum comprehensive data acquisition, storage, management and service, this paper has tackled the real-time data optimal storage based on DBFS technology. Technical problems such as multi-dimensional data integration and docking of the software, building a safe and standardized management and the geodetic data service system, coordinating the application of network resources, storage resources, computing resources and other soft and hard environment elements, achieving efficient management and service of land, sea and air integrated observation data results, greatly improving the management ability and application service level of Geodetic data, for surveying and mapping. Business operation of the benchmark database provides support and promotes the social application on geodetic results.
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Shanurov, G. A., and A. D. Manilova. "Mobile scanning complex positioning accuracy depending on the coordinate systems used." Geodesy and Cartography 919, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2017-919-1-13-17.
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Inertial coordinate system and geodetic (terrestrial) coordinate system are used in processing of results of topographic survey, carried out with a mobile scanning complex. Mobile scanning complex geodetic coordinates, in turn, are presented in geodetic three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system form, in geodetic ellipsoidal coordinate system form and in the form of coordinates on a geodetic projection plane. The results of research, carried out earlier [4–7], suggest that the coordinate transformation on large areas distorts geodetic points coordinates. The article presents the results of similar investigations, but applied to a local area, limited by a mobile scanning complex surveying area. The accuracy of the mobile scanning complex coordinates is characterized by the mobile scanning complex coordinates errors cofactor matrix. It turned out that the local site sequential coordinate transformation procedure from one coordinate system to another coordinate system does not introduce any distortion into the mobile scanning complex coordinates.
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Liew, Jeng U., Ami Hassan Md Din, Khairulnizam M Idris, Mohammad Hanif Hamden, Nur Adilla Zulkifli, and Andy Mohd Hairy Ansar. "A New Redefinition of Geodetic and Plane Coordinates on UTM Geodetic Markers." Built Environment Journal 17, no. 3 (December 29, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/bej.v17isi.11741.
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The entire Peninsular Malaysia is situated on Sunda Tectonic Plate, which is subjected to motion at a prominent rate. All the geodetic infrastructures, including geodetic markers, benchmarks, Continuous Operating Reference Stations and Cadastral Reference Marks have moved away from their original position, and their existing coordinates are no longer reliable and secure to use. There are 10 geodetic markers around UTM that are subjected to the issue above. This study aims to redefine new geodetic and plane coordinates on UTM geodetic markers. Two units of Trimble NetR9 Geodetic Type Receiver are used to execute 3D GNSS Control Network on geodetic markers as well as Standard Benchmarks. Receiver Independent Exchange data of Continuous Operating Reference Stations and gravimetric geoid of MyGeoid model are retrieved from Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia. Trimble Business Center, Golden Surfer 8 and StarNet are used as post-processing, geoid interpolation and one-dimensional network adjustment software, respectively. New sets of geodetic and plane coordinates along with orthometric heights are produced for these 10 geodetic markers. Eventually, UTM geodetic markers are tied to Geocentric Datum Malaysia 2000 (2016) and National Geodetic Vertical Datum, providing reliable horizontal and vertical reference for land surveying work to fulfil both industrial and educational purposes.Keywords: Coordinate redefinition, geodetic coordinate, plane coordinate, geodetic marker
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Anysenko, O., and K. Platonova. "MODERN SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS, THEIR IMPORTANCE AND ROLE IN GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS." Investytsiyi: praktyka ta dosvid, no. 4 (February 28, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2306-6814.2019.4.80.
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Lam, Steve, and Albert Chan. "Engineering Surveying for the Construction of Railway Tunnels in Hong Kong." GEOMATICA 65, no. 2 (June 2011): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2011-025.
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This paper provides an overview of the accuracy standards, specifications, and recent advances of engineering survey operations for the design and construction of railway tunnels in Hong Kong. It covers geodetic control, deformation monitoring surveys, detail mapping, geometric modelling, setting-out, asbuilt surveys and total quality management (TQM). Recent advances include an integrative approach to: (1) combine measurements collected by geodetic and geotechnical systems including interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) in monitoring ground displacements and structural deformation at local and regional scales; (2) map geospatial data into computer aided design (CAD) formats and geographic information systems (GIS) by both conventional and mobile surveying systems; (3) collect as-built data of railway tracks and tunnels by positioning instruments, track sensors and laser scanners together; (4) incorporate Outsource Plan into the TQM system under ISO 9001:2008.
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Skorupka, Dariusz, Artur Duchaczek, Magdalena Kowacka, and Paweł Zagrodnik. "Quantification of geodetic risk factors occurring at the construction project preparation stage." Archives of Civil Engineering 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2018-0039.
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AbstractLand surveying is one of the elements of the execution of construction works. These include, among others, the establishment of a horizontal and vertical geodetic control network, an inventory of the existing area, development of a road project and setting out the location of the road in the area. In order to avoid mistakes, construction works should be controlled as part of surveying works during the implementation of a given project. The article attempts to identify and quantify risk factors occurring during surveying at the stage of preparing data from a detailed design. Two proprietary methods have been presented to calculate both the probability value and the consequences of individual risk factors. The advantage of the presented analyzes is the fact that the acquired validity hierarchy of risk factors, expressed in numerical values, can be explained in a scientific way, rather than referring only to possessed knowledge, experience and intuition.
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Mirghasempour, M., and A. Y. Jafari. "THE ROLE OF ASTRO-GEODETIC IN PRECISE GUIDANCE OF LONG TUNNELS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (December 11, 2015): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-453-2015.
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One of prime aspects of surveying projects is guidance of paths of a long tunnel from different directions and finally ending all paths in a specific place. This kind of underground surveying, because of particular condition, has some different points in relation to the ground surveying, including Improper geometry in underground transverse, low precise measurement in direction and length due to condition such as refraction, distinct gravity between underground point and corresponding point on the ground (both value and direction of gravity) and etc. To solve this problems, astro-geodetic that is part of geodesy science, can help surveying engineers. In this article, the role of astronomy is defined in two subjects: <br><br> 1- Azimuth determination of directions from entrance and exit nets of tunnel and also calibration of gyro-theodolite to use them in Underground transvers: By astronomical methods, azimuth of directions can be determine with an accuracy of 0.5 arcsecond, whereas, nowadays, no gyroscope can measure the azimuth in this accuracy; For instance, accuracy of the most precise gyroscope (Gyromat 5000) is 1.2 cm over a distance of one kilometre (2.4 arcsecond). Furthermore, the calibration methods that will be mention in this article, have significance effects on underground transverse. <br><br> 2- Height relation between entrance point and exit point is problematic and time consuming; For example, in a 3 km long tunnel ( in Arak- Khoram Abad freeway), to relate entrance point to exit point, it is necessary to perform levelling about 90 km. Other example of this boring and time consuming levelling is in Kerman tunnel. This tunnel is 36 km length, but to transfer the entrance point height to exit point, 150 km levelling is needed. According to this paper, The solution for this difficulty is application of astro-geodetic and determination of vertical deflection by digital zenith camera system TZK2-D. These two elements make possible to define geoid profile in terms of tunnel azimuth in entrance and exit of tunnel; So by doing this, surveying engineers are able to transfer entrance point height to exit point of tunnels in easiest way.
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Stopková, Eva. "Geodetic work at the archaeological site Tell el-Retaba." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 17, no. 2 (August 23, 2018): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.17.2.4.
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The paper summarizes the geodetic contribution for the Slovak team within the joint Polish-Slovak archaeological mission at Tell el-Retaba in Egypt. Surveying work at archaeological excavations is usually influenced by somewhat specific subject of study and extreme conditions, especially at the missions in the developing countries. The case study describes spatial data development according to the archaeological conventions in order to document spatial relationships between the objects in excavated trenches. The long-term sustainability of surveying work at the site has been ensured by detailed metadata recording. Except the trench mapping, Digital Elevation Model has been calculated for the study area and for the north-eastern part of the site, with promising preliminary results for further detection and modelling of archaeological structures. In general, topographic mapping together with modern technologies like Photogrammetry, Satellite Imagery, and Remote Sensing provide valuable data sources for spatial and statistical modelling of the sites; and the results offer a different perspective for the archaeological research.
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Krzyżek, Robert, and Anna Przewięźlikowska. "Accuracy Assessment in Determining the Location of Corners of Building Structures Using a Combination of Various Measurement Methods." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 104, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rgg-2017-0014.
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Abstract When surveys of corners of building structures are carried out, surveyors frequently use a compilation of two surveying methods. The first one involves the determination of several corners with reference to a geodetic control using classical methods of surveying field details. The second method relates to the remaining corner points of a structure, which are determined in sequence from distance-distance intersection, using control linear values of the wall faces of the building, the so-called tie distances. This paper assesses the accuracy of coordinates of corner points of a building structure, determined using the method of distance-distance intersection, based on the corners which had previously been determined by the conducted surveys tied to a geodetic control. It should be noted, however, that such a method of surveying the corners of building structures from linear measures is based on the details of the first-order accuracy, while the regulations explicitly allow such measurement only for the details of the second- and third-order accuracy. Therefore, a question arises whether this legal provision is unfounded, or whether surveyors are acting not only against the applicable standards but also without due diligence while performing surveys? This study provides answers to the formulated problem. The main purpose of the study was to verify whether the actual method which is used in practice for surveying building structures allows to obtain the required accuracy of coordinates of the points being determined, or whether it should be strictly forbidden. The results of the conducted studies clearly demonstrate that the problem is definitely more complex. Eventually, however, it might be assumed that assessment of the accuracy in determining a location of corners of a building using a combination of two different surveying methods will meet the requirements of the regulation [MIA, 2011), subject to compliance with relevant baseline criteria, which have been presented in this study. Observance of the proposed boundary conditions would allow for frequent performance of surveys of building structures by surveyors (from tie distances), while maintaining the applicable accuracy criteria. This would allow for the inclusion of surveying documentation into the national geodetic and cartographic documentation center database pursuant to the legal bases.
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Bručas, Domantas, Vytautas Giniotis, and Petras Petroškevičius. "BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF THE FLAT ANGLE CALIBRATION TEST BENCH FOR GEODETIC INSTRUMENTS." Geodesy and cartography 32, no. 3 (August 3, 2012): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921541.2006.9636698.
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In our days precise geodetic instruments are very widely used in geodesy, building structures, surveying, machine engineering etc. Many of those instruments are based on precise measurement of the directions differences (ie measurement of angles). Such instruments are: theodolites, digital theodolites, total stations etc. Testing and calibration of these instruments is quite complicated task, although it is evidently needed. In this paper we present the creation and preliminary research of accuracy of the test bench designed to perform the testing and calibration of such geodetic instruments.
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Slaboch, Václav. "Surveying Curriculum from the Point of View of Multidisciplinarity." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 2 (December 19, 2007): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.2.2.
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The multidisciplinarity and globalization makes fade the differencesamong professions and surveying is no exception. CLGE – CLGE has aname in two of the many European languages English and French, namely“The Council of European Geodetic Surveyors” and “Comit´e de Liaisondes Géomètres Européens”. A “Multilateral Agreement” on mutualrecognition of qualification in surveying was signed in 2005 inBrussels by representatives of Germany, France, Belgium, Switzerlandand Luxembourg. In 2006 also Slovakia joint this Agreement. Thesignature by the Czech Republic is recently under discussion.
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Maboudi, M., M. Gerke, N. Hack, L. Brohmann, P. Schwerdtner, and G. Placzek. "CURRENT SURVEYING METHODS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING IN THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2020 (August 25, 2020): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2020-763-2020.
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Abstract. The Technical University of Braunschweig (Brunswick) and Technical University of Munich were successful to establish a Collaborative Research Centre called “Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) – The Challenge of Large Scale” starting from 2020 and funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The aim of this project is “to create the basic conditions for the introduction of additive manufacturing in construction, and thus to pave the way for the use of resource-efficient constructions with a high level of design freedom”. Surveying engineering (geodetic surveying, photogrammetry, laser scanning and GNSS) plays a major role in one of the sub-projects called “Integration of Additive Manufacturing in the Construction Process”. This paper aims at introducing the large scale AMC with the main focus on investigating the role of surveying engineering in this topic which will be a topic of high interest in the coming years in the digital fabrication within construction field. After a short introduction on additive manufacturing in construction, this paper will present the general aims and structure of the Collaborative Research Centre. Thereupon, the importance of geometric quality inspection and establishing and transferring different coordinate systems during the Additive Manufacturing (AM) construction steps (elements fabrication, installation and whole structure/building control) and the role of geodetic surveying, photogrammetry, laser scanning and GNSS will be outlined. This will be presented within a subproject called “C06: Integration of Additive Manufacturing in the Construction Process” and potentials and challenges for integrating surveying engineering in component and building level additive manufacturing in construction are mentioned.
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Gelman, R. N., and A. V. Nikitin. "Surveying building facade by using single photos." Geodesy and Cartography 922, no. 4 (May 20, 2017): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2017-922-4-39-43.
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The method of obtaining mathematical models and mosaic flat facade of the building, on the basis of single images is described. Images are taken at arbitrary points with arbitrary orientation of the camera. Geodetic measurements for the determination of the exterior orientation parameters of the images are not required. As a basis, at processing of each photo a rectangle formed by the selected parts of the facade, is taken. Mathematical substantiation of the method of processing images is given; the matters of accuracy of the photogrammetric model creation are considered. This technology is based on the dependence of distortion from the ratio of the focal length of the image by the main focal length of the lens.
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Tserklevich, Anatoliy, and Vasyl Khoptar. "Accuracy Estimation Analysis of Land Parcel Area Determination Based on Aerosurveying Materials in Comparison with Results of Ground Geodetic Measurements." Baltic Surveying 9 (December 5, 2018): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2018.021.
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The presence of a large number of territorial units with a high price of land determines the appropriate accuracy of their area determination in the short term. The widespread use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a modern geospatial mapping technology. Using an UAV equipped with appropriate devices for aerosurveying such as, for example, the Trimble UX5 is economically feasible in comparison with ground geodetic measurements, since the latter requires a lot of costs. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyze accuracy estimation of land parcel area determination based on aero surveying materials using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in comparison with results of ground geodetic measurements using a total station. As a result, a comparison of detailed plan and an existing base of land parcel measurements with accuracy estimations have been made. Based on our analysis and experimental studies, we can state that the UAV allows more efficient data collection within the requirements of land management in comparison with ground geodetic measurements. The use of aero surveying materials for determination of land parcel areas has been proposed. The results of the study provide an opportunity to improve the reliability of land parcel data in the normative and methodological framework.
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Czaplewski, Krzysztof, Zbigniew Wisniewski, Cezary Specht, Andrzej Wilk, Wladyslaw Koc, Krzysztof Karwowski, Jacek Skibicki, et al. "Application of Least Squares with Conditional Equations Method for Railway Track Inventory Using GNSS Observations." Sensors 20, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 4948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174948.
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Satellite geodetic networks are commonly used in surveying tasks, but they can also be used in mobile surveys. Mobile satellite surveys can be used for trackage inventory, diagnostics and design. The combination of modern technological solutions with the adaptation of research methods known in other fields of science offers an opportunity to acquire highly accurate solutions for railway track inventory. This article presents the effects of work carried out using a mobile surveying platform on which Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers were mounted. The satellite observations (surveys) obtained were aligned using one of the methods known from classical land surveying. The records obtained during the surveying campaign on a 246th km railway track section were subjected to alignment. This article provides a description of the surveying campaign necessary to obtain measurement data and a theoretical description of the method employed to align observation results as well as their visualisation.
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Mirzoeva, A. E., and A. S. Ovchinnikova. "The features of geodetic maintenance of cadastral activities in the Russian Federation." Geodesy and Cartography 924, no. 6 (July 20, 2017): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2017-924-6-49-54.
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Today the studying of geodetic maintenance of cadastral activities in the Russian Federation is an extremely important and topical issue at the present stage of development of the interrelation between geodesy and the sphere of land and property relations. The research tasks are to identify problem aspects in the practical geodetic activity, as well as to analyze the role of geodesy for one of the most important areas of its application. Specificity of geodetic support of cadastral works is considered. The methods of determining the coordinates of the characteristic points of the boundaries of land plots and other real estate objects are compared, the main problems of geodetic work for cadastral purposes are formulated, and the direct dependence of land tax and rent on the area of the real estate object is revealed. In this way, the article reflects the importance of surveying for land and real estate management system.
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Mikrut, S., and J. Brzęczek. "STUDIES ON EXTERNAL GEOMETRY OF A PLANE WITH PHOTOGRAMMETRIC METHODS AND LASER SCANNING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2020 (August 12, 2020): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-459-2020.
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Abstract. The authors of the paper were looking for a simple methods of the examination the airframe structure framework as part of the scientific and research project. The main tasks were: carrying out tests and analyses in defining external geometry of a selected plane with three independent methods i.e., geodetic (surveying), photogrammetric and laser scanning and selection of one of these methods as fast and acceptable accurate (below 3 mm) measurement applied to examine plane geometry. The carried out experiments were mainly aimed at answering the question if tested measurement methods give satisfying and acceptable results in case of works referring to the objects such as plane and if the assumed accuracy is realistic to be achieved by these measurement techniques. The authors testing the available on the market methods of the measuring the geometry of planes in the aspect of the selection of most accurate, but at the same time, fast measurement method. Thus three independent methods were tested: classical geodetic measurement, laser scanning by means of two independent scanners and photogrammetric method (based on the generated cloud of points). Experiments carried out so far in various centres worldwide usually included measurements of single elements or small models of planes. In surveying measurements of large objects, mainly buildings are predominant (e.g. surveying or photogrammetry in the inventory of historic architectural monuments, studies of the geometry of engineering constructions, etc.). The objective of the experiment carried out by the authors was to find good solution somewhere in the middle, i.e., apply geodetic measurement methods, but apply them for so-called medium-size objects such as planes.
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Šarlah, Nikolaj, Tomaž Podobnikar, Domen Mongus, Tomaž Ambrožič, and Branko Mušič. "Kinematic GPR-TPS Model for Infrastructure Asset Identification with High 3D Georeference Accuracy Developed in a Real Urban Test Field." Remote Sensing 11, no. 12 (June 19, 2019): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11121457.
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This paper describes in detail the development of a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) model for the acquisition, processing and visualisation of underground utility infrastructure (UUI) in a controlled environment. The initiative was to simulate a subsurface urban environment through the construction of regional road, local road and pedestrian pavement in real urban field/testing pools (RUTPs). The RUTPs represented a controlled environment in which the most commonly used utilities were installed. The accuracy of the proposed kinematic GPR-TPS (terrestrial positioning system) model was analysed using all the available data about the materials, whilst taking into account the thickness of the pavement as well as the materials, dimensions and 3D position of the UUI as given reference values. To determine the reference 3D position of the UUI, a terrestrial geodetic surveying method based on the established positional and height geodetic network was used. In the first phase of the model, the geodetic network was used as a starting point for determining the 3D position of the GPR antenna with the efficient kinematic GPR surveying setup using a GPR and self-tracking (robotic) TPS. In the second phase, GPR-TPS system latency was quantified by matching radargram pairs with a set of fidelity measures based on a correlation coefficient and mean squared error. This was followed by the most important phase, where, by combining sets of “standard” processing routines of GPR signals with the support of advanced algorithms for signal processing, UUI were interpreted and visualised semi-automatically. As demonstrated by the results, the proposed GPR model with a kinematic GPR-TPS surveying setup for data acquisition is capable of achieving an accuracy of less than ten centimetres.
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Janečka, Karel. "The Integrated Management of Information about the Geodetic Point Fields—A Case of the Czech Republic." Geosciences 9, no. 7 (July 12, 2019): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9070307.
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The geodetic point fields play a crucial role in measuring a terrain, in surveying, and mapping applications. Due to the rapid development in the domain of information technologies, it makes sense to consider using the database and web technologies to manage and disseminate the available information about the geodetic point fields. The paper presents the creation of a spatial database which integrates the information about the various kinds of established geodetic point fields (horizontal, vertical and gravitational) with the aim of enabling their effective management. Furthermore, based on the integrated spatial database, the prototype of the new information system of geodetic point fields has been developed. The functionality of the prototype also considers the requirements coming from the international efforts, i.e., the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) directive. The prototype, based on Java Enterprise Edition (EE) technology, implements the features reflecting the cyber-security issues and ensures the modularity and scalability of the system, which is important for further development of the system and dissemination and accessibility of the information about the geodetic point fields via modern web technologies.
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Saka, M. H., T. Kavzoglu, C. Ozsamli, and R. M. Alkan. "Sub-Metre Accuracy for Stand Alone GPS Positioning in Hydrographic Surveying." Journal of Navigation 57, no. 1 (January 2004): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463303002571.
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The accuracy that can be achieved by a single GPS receiver in stand-alone mode is around 10 metres with SA switched off; this is not adequate for most hydrographic studies. This study aims to improve this level of accuracy using a single geodetic receiver in stand-alone mode by applying a phase smoothing algorithm. The algorithm described in this study requires that the measurements be started from a known point for initialisation. The test site selected for the study is Halic bay, Istanbul. After GPS data were collected on a geodetic point for initialisation, the receiver was moved to a hydrographic vessel and trial measurements were performed along several survey profiles. The position of the vessel was calculated at every epoch using the carrier phase smoothing algorithm. In order to analyse the accuracy of the results, a second receiver collected data on another known point on the seashore during the whole session. The position of the vessel was accurately determined using a kinematic positioning method considering the data collected by both receivers. The results produced show that an accuracy of less than a metre can be achieved using the approach considered in this study.
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Pratama, Agung, Suharno Suharno, and Arief Syaifullah. "Teknik-Teknik Pengukuran dan Pemetaan Kadastral Pada Program PTSL di Kantah Lombok Timur." Tunas Agraria 3, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31292/jta.v3i2.108.
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Abstract: One of the key for successing the Complete Systematic Land Registration Project/ PTSL is efficient surveying and mapping. The purpose of this study was to determine variations in cadastral Surveying and mapping techniques used in PTSL East Lombok Regency. The research used qualitative-descriptive method with interview techniques, documentation and direct observation at the research location. Population and sample are all officers whom related to surveying and mapping activities in East Lombok district land office. The result of this research are 1) there are variations in cadastral Surveying and mapping techniques of the East Lombok District Land Office; 2) an efficient Surveying technique is to use satellite observation techniques using Geodetic Geo Fennel GPS RTK devices which are an average of 50 fields per day for settlements and rice fields; 3) factors that influence are the availability of tools, human resources (measuring and mapping officers), the community as the applicant and the village apparatus, the area of land, the arrangement of land, the form of land, tool batteries, radio transmitter signals, reference points and multipath. Keywords: Surveying, Mapping, PTSL, Efficient, GPS. Intisari: Salah satu kunci keberhasilan PTSL terdapat pada pengukuran dan pemetaannya. Maka perlu dilakukan pengukuran dan pemetaan yang efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi teknik-teknik pengukuran dan pemetaan kadastral yang digunakan pada PTSL Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis yaitu metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi langsung di lokasi penelitian. Populasi dan sampel yaitu semua petugas yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan pengukuran dan pemetaan di kantor pertanahan Kab. Lombok Timur. Dari penelitian yang sudah dilakukan didapatkan data bahwa 1) terdapat variasi teknik-teknik pengukuran dan pemetaan kadastral Kantor Pertanahan Kab. Lombok Timur yaitu, 3 teknik pengukuran dan 3 teknik pemetaan; 2) teknik pengukuran yang efisien adalah dengan menggunakan teknik pengamatan satelit menggunakan alat GPS RTK Geodetic Geo Fennel yaitu rata-rata 50 bidang perhari untuk pemukiman maupun persawahan; 3) faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh adalah ketersedian alat, sumber daya manusia (petugas ukur dan pemetaan), masyarakat sebagai pemohon dan perangkat desa, luas bidang tanah, penataan bidang tanah, bentuk bidang tanah, baterai alat, sinyal pemancar radio, titik referensi dan multipath.Kata Kunci: Pengukuran, Pemetaan, PTSL, Efisien, GPS.Abstract: One of the key for successing the Complete Systematic Land Registration Project/ PTSL is efficient surveying and mapping. The purpose of this study was to determine variations in cadastral Surveying and mapping techniques used in PTSL East Lombok Regency. The research used qualitative-descriptive method with interview techniques, documentation and direct observation at the research location. Population and sample are all officers whom related to surveying and mapping activities in East Lombok district land office. The result of this research are 1) there are variations in cadastral Surveying and mapping techniques of the East Lombok District Land Office; 2) an efficient Surveying technique is to use satellite observation techniques using Geodetic Geo Fennel GPS RTK devices which are an average of 50 fields per day for settlements and rice fields; 3) factors that influence are the availability of tools, human resources (measuring and mapping officers), the community as the applicant and the village apparatus, the area of land, the arrangement of land, the form of land, tool batteries, radio transmitter signals, reference points and multipath. Keywords: Surveying, Mapping, PTSL, Efficient, GPS. Intisari: Salah satu kunci keberhasilan PTSL terdapat pada pengukuran dan pemetaannya. Maka perlu dilakukan pengukuran dan pemetaan yang efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi teknik-teknik pengukuran dan pemetaan kadastral yang digunakan pada PTSL Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis yaitu metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi langsung di lokasi penelitian. Populasi dan sampel yaitu semua petugas yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan pengukuran dan pemetaan di kantor pertanahan Kab. Lombok Timur. Dari penelitian yang sudah dilakukan didapatkan data bahwa 1) terdapat variasi teknik-teknik pengukuran dan pemetaan kadastral Kantor Pertanahan Kab. Lombok Timur yaitu, 3 teknik pengukuran dan 3 teknik pemetaan; 2) teknik pengukuran yang efisien adalah dengan menggunakan teknik pengamatan satelit menggunakan alat GPS RTK Geodetic Geo Fennel yaitu rata-rata 50 bidang perhari untuk pemukiman maupun persawahan; 3) faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh adalah ketersedian alat, sumber daya manusia (petugas ukur dan pemetaan), masyarakat sebagai pemohon dan perangkat desa, luas bidang tanah, penataan bidang tanah, bentuk bidang tanah, baterai alat, sinyal pemancar radio, titik referensi dan multipath.Kata Kunci: Pengukuran, Pemetaan, PTSL, Efisien, GPS.
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Jadviščok, Petr, Gabriela Ovesna, and Miroslav Konečny. "MULTIPATH AND ITS MANIFESTATIONS IN THE REAL ENVIRONMENT OF GEODETIC PRACTICE." Geodesy and cartography 42, no. 2 (June 22, 2016): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2016.1198573.
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The paper is concerned with the negative manifestation of the multipath factor in application of the GNSS technology. It points to manifestations of the multipath effect in a specific situation of surveying practice. The evaluation is based on a model situation under intentionally deteriorated observational conditions by the presence of a building.
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Kumi-Boateng, B., and Y. Y. Ziggah. "A 3D Procrustean Approach to Transform WGS84 Coordinates to Ghana War Office 1926 Reference Datum." Ghana Mining Journal 20, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gm.v20i1.1.
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Abstract
Satellite positioning technique such as Global Positioning System (GPS) is available to all countries for geospatial positioning. The availability of such positioning technique has revolutionised surveying in Ghana. The GPS operates on a global reference frame to fix control points for surveying and mapping purposes. There is therefore the need to transform coordinates from the satellite-based datum to the Ghana War Office 1926 datum. Several iterative methods have been proposed over the years for coordinate transformation and have been found to exhibit good transformation accuracy. However, these iterative methods always demand the linearisation of the transformation model equations and initial approximation values of the yet to be determined transformation parameters. These computational processes further enhance the computational complexity of the iterative methods and longer convergence time. As alternative solution, the Procrustes method has been proposed and applied to solve coordinate transformation problems in different geodetic reference networks. Review of previous studies indicates that the Procrustes method is direct, simple to use and produce satisfactory transformation accuracy. This method, however, is yet to be applied to ascertain its efficiency in the Ghana geodetic reference network. Therefore, this study utilised the 3D Procrustean approach to transform coordinates from World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) to Ghana War Office 1926 reference datum. The technique produced Root Mean Square Horizontal Error (RMSHE), Arithmetic Mean of the Horizontal Error (AMHE) and Standard Deviation (SD) values of 1.003 m, 0.901 m and 0.452 m, respectively. This study is serving as an extension to the ongoing research works to determine optimal transformation model for Ghana geodetic reference network.
Keywords: Procrustean Approach, Coordinate Transformation, Conformal Model, Satellite Positioning
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HEKI, Kosuke. "Volcanism and Crustal Stress Field. Geodetic Surveying of Intrusive Events. Northeast Iceland." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 103, no. 5 (1994): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.103.5_522.
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Nocerino, Erica, Fabio Menna, Armin Gruen, Matthias Troyer, Alessandro Capra, Cristina Castagnetti, Paolo Rossi, Andrew J. Brooks, Russell J. Schmitt, and Sally J. Holbrook. "Coral Reef Monitoring by Scuba Divers Using Underwater Photogrammetry and Geodetic Surveying." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 3036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12183036.
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Underwater photogrammetry is increasingly being used by marine ecologists because of its ability to produce accurate, spatially detailed, non-destructive measurements of benthic communities, coupled with affordability and ease of use. However, independent quality control, rigorous imaging system set-up, optimal geometry design and a strict modeling of the imaging process are essential to achieving a high degree of measurable accuracy and resolution. If a proper photogrammetric approach that enables the formal description of the propagation of measurement error and modeling uncertainties is not undertaken, statements regarding the statistical significance of the results are limited. In this paper, we tackle these critical topics, based on the experience gained in the Moorea Island Digital Ecosystem Avatar (IDEA) project, where we have developed a rigorous underwater photogrammetric pipeline for coral reef monitoring and change detection. Here, we discuss the need for a permanent, underwater geodetic network, which serves to define a temporally stable reference datum and a check for the time series of photogrammetrically derived three-dimensional (3D) models of the reef structure. We present a methodology to evaluate the suitability of several underwater camera systems for photogrammetric and multi-temporal monitoring purposes and stress the importance of camera network geometry to minimize the deformations of photogrammetrically derived 3D reef models. Finally, we incorporate the measurement and modeling uncertainties of the full photogrammetric process into a simple and flexible framework for detecting statistically significant changes among a time series of models.