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Academic literature on the topic 'Géodynamique – Bassin Levantin (mer Méditerranée)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Géodynamique – Bassin Levantin (mer Méditerranée)"
Papadimitriou, Nikolaos. "Geodynamics and synchronous filling of a rift type-basin evolved through compression tectonics (The western margin of the Levant Basin)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066540.
Full textThe Eastern Mediterranean owes its complex nature to the movement of Africa, Arabia and Eurasia. The recent gas discoveries in the Levant Basin (2009) provoked the necessity of necessity of conducting a combined (seismic and field) study to better understand the geological evolution of the Basin. The combination of geophysical and field data allows the conceptualization of onshore and, offshore 3D models in order to characterize the tectonostratigraphic evolution of this area and eventually trace the main sources and pathways that contributed to the infilling of the Levant Basin. The evolution of the Levant Basin is marked by the transition from a pure carbonate system to a mix system (carbonate /siliciclastic) during the Cenozoic. The Eratosthenes block corresponds to a fault block platform. Four major seismic sequences, characterized by periods of aggradation, retrogradation and progradation, punctuated by major unconformities and drowning surfaces have been recognized on the Eratosthenes Seamount. These periods are: the Late Jurassic; the Early Cretaceous, the Late Cretaceous and the Miocene. The initiation of the collision during the Miocene between the African and Eurasian plates coincides with the uplift of the Eratosthenes Seamount with a peak during the upper Miocene (pre-Messinian Salinity Crisis) followed by its northward tilting under Cyprus thrusting. We show that the collision of the two plates caused the formation of small basins in southern part of Cyprus; a piggyback basin (Polis), and a flexural basin (Limassol) that were controlled by the different substratum of the Mesozoic sediments
Papadimitriou, Nikolaos. "Geodynamics and synchronous filling of a rift type-basin evolved through compression tectonics (The western margin of the Levant Basin)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066540/document.
Full textThe Eastern Mediterranean owes its complex nature to the movement of Africa, Arabia and Eurasia. The recent gas discoveries in the Levant Basin (2009) provoked the necessity of necessity of conducting a combined (seismic and field) study to better understand the geological evolution of the Basin. The combination of geophysical and field data allows the conceptualization of onshore and, offshore 3D models in order to characterize the tectonostratigraphic evolution of this area and eventually trace the main sources and pathways that contributed to the infilling of the Levant Basin. The evolution of the Levant Basin is marked by the transition from a pure carbonate system to a mix system (carbonate /siliciclastic) during the Cenozoic. The Eratosthenes block corresponds to a fault block platform. Four major seismic sequences, characterized by periods of aggradation, retrogradation and progradation, punctuated by major unconformities and drowning surfaces have been recognized on the Eratosthenes Seamount. These periods are: the Late Jurassic; the Early Cretaceous, the Late Cretaceous and the Miocene. The initiation of the collision during the Miocene between the African and Eurasian plates coincides with the uplift of the Eratosthenes Seamount with a peak during the upper Miocene (pre-Messinian Salinity Crisis) followed by its northward tilting under Cyprus thrusting. We show that the collision of the two plates caused the formation of small basins in southern part of Cyprus; a piggyback basin (Polis), and a flexural basin (Limassol) that were controlled by the different substratum of the Mesozoic sediments
Tahchi, Elias. "Le bassin Levantin et l'Arc de Chypre : processus sédimentaires et structuraux le long d'une frontière de plaque sous-marine." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0818.
Full textThe convergence of Eurasian and African plates started since the Cretaceous by a succession of subduction and pre-collision zones that witness a closure process of the Mediterranean. The Cyprus Arc is the easternmost segment of this Mediterranean convergence system which got complicated with the westward extrusion of the Anatolian microplate. This movement generates in the Eastern Mediterranean and in particularly along the Cyprus Arc a complex tectonic regime. During the research cruise BLAC in 2003 onboard the R/V Le Suroît, 20. 000 sq Km of seafloor has been mapped including the easternmost segment of Cyprus Arc and going from Hecataeus Seamount till the Syrian margins. The following data have been acquired continuously and in a simultaneous way: Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter imagery with the multibeam echousounder EM300, 6-traces seismic reflection, subbottom sediment echousounder (CHIRP), gravity and magnetic data. This manuscript gives structural and morphological analysis of the easternmost segment of the Cyprus Arc as well as a detailed study of gravity induced instabilities on the Syrian margin and the different mud and salt activities in the adjacent basins of the Cyprus Arc
Ouba, Anthony. "Variabilité saisonnière et interannuelle (2000-2013) de l'abondance, de la biomasse et du spectre de taille du zooplancton dans le bassin Levantin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066545.pdf.
Full textThe occurring of the cyclic Eastern Mediterranean Transient and the climatic change have effects on the Levantine marine ecosystem. Understanding the response of zooplankton to such variations is of importance for ecosystem services. This thesis represents a pioneer study in enlightening the seasonality and the interannuality, as well as the spectra size of the zooplankton at a fix point B2 (N34º14.856; E35º36.067, North Lebanon). In this context, a 14 years unique time-series was conducted by a 52 µm mesh size net and analyzed with a powerful synthetic index, the Zooscan to monitor changes in the pelagic system. The results found that the maximum zooplankton biomass was coupled to the phytoplankton spring bloom, whereas abundances increased in the summer possibly due to the recruitment. Following the EMT-like in 2005, the salinity increased in the study area and the whole basin. Zooplankton abundance and biomass increased abruptly possibly related to the enhanced primary production which is hidden by the "top down" control by zooplankton. Moreover, the nutrients enrichment of anthropogenic origin at the sea surface characterized the site by more or less productive occasional periods. The zooplankton size structure has also changed along the period depending on the hydrological factors. The spectral slope analysis showed an interannual variability according to the abundances. While the spectra shape analysis displayed a domination of big size individuals during winter and spring seasons. This automatic measurement highlighted the efficiency of detecting changes in zooplankton that can be related to broader ecosystem perturbation
Carton, Hélène. "Etudes tectoniques en Méditerranée orientale par analyse de données de sismique réflexion : Mer de Marmara (Bassin de ̧Cinarcik) et Marge du Liban." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GLOB0019.
Full textOuba, Anthony. "Variabilité saisonnière et interannuelle (2000-2013) de l'abondance, de la biomasse et du spectre de taille du zooplancton dans le bassin Levantin." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066545/document.
Full textThe occurring of the cyclic Eastern Mediterranean Transient and the climatic change have effects on the Levantine marine ecosystem. Understanding the response of zooplankton to such variations is of importance for ecosystem services. This thesis represents a pioneer study in enlightening the seasonality and the interannuality, as well as the spectra size of the zooplankton at a fix point B2 (N34º14.856; E35º36.067, North Lebanon). In this context, a 14 years unique time-series was conducted by a 52 µm mesh size net and analyzed with a powerful synthetic index, the Zooscan to monitor changes in the pelagic system. The results found that the maximum zooplankton biomass was coupled to the phytoplankton spring bloom, whereas abundances increased in the summer possibly due to the recruitment. Following the EMT-like in 2005, the salinity increased in the study area and the whole basin. Zooplankton abundance and biomass increased abruptly possibly related to the enhanced primary production which is hidden by the "top down" control by zooplankton. Moreover, the nutrients enrichment of anthropogenic origin at the sea surface characterized the site by more or less productive occasional periods. The zooplankton size structure has also changed along the period depending on the hydrological factors. The spectral slope analysis showed an interannual variability according to the abundances. While the spectra shape analysis displayed a domination of big size individuals during winter and spring seasons. This automatic measurement highlighted the efficiency of detecting changes in zooplankton that can be related to broader ecosystem perturbation
Elia, Josiane. "Fractionnement bioguidé de Laurencia papillosa de la côte libanaise : identification du cholest-4-èn-3-one, un nouvel agoniste de LXR cytotoxique pour les cellules du cancer du sein." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4008/document.
Full textMarine algae are of great interest as a promising source of biochemically active compounds. In this context, the red alga Laurencia papillosa from the Lebanese coast was subjected to a bioguided fractionation to isolate cytotoxic compounds. In parallel, an analysis of the lipid composition of this alga was performed. Lipid analysis showed that the total lipid content was low and that the main fraction was glycolipids, followed by neutral lipids and phospholipids. Saturated fatty acids were the main class of fatty acids, followed by C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Besides, various sterols have been identified and cholesterol has been found to be the most dominant. The bioguided fractionation of the algal extract led to the identification of cholest-4-en-3-one. The study of this steroid on our models of breast cancer cells has shown that it reduces the expression of the enzymes of lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis. In addition, this metabolite increases the expression of the ABC transporters involved in cholesterol efflux, as well as the expression of LXR in a macrophage model. Moreover, the steroid disrupts the integrity of lipid rafts and active signaling pathways in cancer, evidenced by reduced expression of flotillin-2 and EGFR in lipid rafts. As a result, inhibition of cell growth and migration was noted. These results indicate that cholest-4-en-3-one exerts LXR agonist activity in breast cancer cells: it decreases cell growth, increases expression of ABC transporters and, interestingly, reduces lipogenesis
Lteif, Myriam. "Biology, distribution and diversity of cartilaginous fish species along the Lebanese coast, eastern Mediterranean." Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0026/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to contribute to a better knowledge of cartilaginous fish in the Lebanese coastal waters, Eastern Mediterranean. Emphasis was placed on various aspects of the distribution, diversity, biology and ecology of these species. In this study, a total of 314 specimens of cartilaginous fish were sampled. These specimens constituted of 25 cartilaginousfish species, 11 shark species and 14 batoid species. No chimaeras were recorded. The data was collected from two sources: (a) an experimental survey in the framework of the CIHEAM PESCA-Libano project and (b) periodic observation of fisheries and catches of hired fishermen. Spatiotemporal distribution was evaluated using the Catch Per Unit Effort of the experimental survey data. Spatiotemporal diversity was also estimated taking into account the total number of species caught in the survey and fisheries/fishermen data. Length-weight relationships for three sharks and five batoids were also presented for species of the combined data sources having more than 10 individuals. Finally, the biology and ecology of two commercially significant and exploited species were also presented as a first step in their fishery management andconservation
Lafosse, Manfred. "Distribution et enregistrement de la déformation en contexte de convergence oblique : évolution géodynamique de la marge marocaine du bassin d’Alboran au Plio-Quaternaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066651.
Full textThe oblique convergence of the tectonic plates with respect to the continental margins leads to the distribution of the deformation between raised zones and subsidence zones. In this context, vertical movements can be controlled by the structural inheritance and can influence the architecture of the sedimentary deposits of the continental shelf and the deep basin. Seismic reflection profiles and high resolution bathymetry allow to image the continental shelf and the deep basin. In the western Mediterranean, the African-Eurasian convergence and the back-arc context have controlled the deformation of the Alboran domain since the Miocene. The oblique convergence led to the formation of large transpressive structures crossing the Alboran basin and Miocene strike-slips faults reusing locally the boundaries of the thrust sheet set up during the Oligo-Miocene collision. Three aspects are developed in this thesis: 1) the characterization of the Pleistocene tectonic structures associated with the Nekor basin, a peripheral basin of the Alboran domain situated on its southern margin, with an emphasis on the importance of the alpine inheritance in the evolution of this basin, 2) the decoding of the architecture of the Nekor basin sedimentary platform, to propose an age model of deposited sequences for the last 500 000 years, demonstrating the influence of the tectonic segmentation of the margin on the geometry of the sedimentary platform, 3) the history of the evolution of folds and faults affecting the deep basin from the Pliocene and the chronology of the tectonic structures from the Messinian Salinity Crisis to present-day
Abbani, Ghina. "Geophysical characterization of a carbonate platform reservoir based on outcrop analogue study (onshore, Lebanon)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS393.
Full textReservoir characterization in frontier basins remains a challenge for exploration efforts. The Levant Basin, located in the easternmost part of the Mediterranean region, represents a frontier basin that is extensively mapped in terms of seismic survey but lacks well log calibration. The sparse data coverage results in substantial uncertainties in seismic interpretation and evaluation of reservoir properties. In the absence of well data, outcrop analogues can play a key role in the characterization of subsurface carbonate platforms. The main objective of this thesis is to characterize a large-scale Cenomanian – Turonian carbonate platform located northern Lebanon based on integrating sedimentological characterization with geophysical and petrophysical measurements. The investigation of the onshore analogue outcrop allows to constrain the carbonate platform’s properties on onshore seismic data. The developed approach is first applied to the Mid – Late Bathonian limestones of Massangis quarry (Oolithe Blanche formation), representing an analogue of the geothermal reservoir targeted by many municipalities in the Ile-de-France region. Sedimentologic description is completed for the studied outcrop and petrographic analysis is accomplished for representative samples. A total of 1000 acoustic velocities are acquired at 40 kHz to generate a 2D synthetic seismogram. The sedimentologic and acoustic characterization of the section allows to understand the influence of facies variation and diagenetic features (firm grounds, bioturbation, stylolites, etc) on the acoustic measurements and the generation of seismic reflectors. The studied outcrop in Kfarhelda northern Lebanon is a Cenomanian – Turonian shallow marine carbonate platform representing Sannine and Maameltain formations. The formations represent bedded limestones with important Turonian rudist-rich rudstones. A thorough sedimentary description is completed for the 400 m-thick carbonate platform. P-wave velocity is acquired directly on the outcrop, and the petrophysical properties are measured on 44 representative samples. The data are used to generate a 1D synthetic seismogram with a 25 Hz Ricker wavelet. The resulting reflectors are mainly (1) high amplitude reflectors at the limit between two facies with contrasting physical properties enhanced by diagenesis, (2) moderate amplitude reflectors corresponding to stratigraphic limits at the transition between facies, and (3) very low amplitude reflectors in karstified units. The integration of outcrop and seismic data is based on the generation of the synthetic seismogram. Interpretation and seismic facies analysis are completed for the 2D onshore seismic profile acquired in 2013. The best fit between the synthetic seismic and seismic profile resulted in the identification of two distinctive reflectors related to the Marly Limestone Zone causing sharp contrast in acoustic impedance, and the overlying channel facies characterised by higher porosity. The approach developed in this thesis work highlights the importance of combining sedimentologic and acoustic measurements together with synthetic seismic modelling to identify the geological origin of seismic reflectors and improve the seismic interpretation in terms of facies and reservoir properties