Relevant bibliographies by topics / Geographic bias

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Geographic bias'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Geographic bias"

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Burgman, Mark, Frith Jarrad, and Ellen Main. "Decreasing geographic bias inConservation Biology." Conservation Biology 29, no. 5 (September 17, 2015): 1255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12589.

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Nagarkar, Purushottam A., and Jeffrey E. Janis. "Eliminating Geographic Bias Improves Match Results." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 142, no. 1 (July 2018): 82e—88e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000004485.

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Sheth, Seema N., Lúcia G. Lohmann, Trisha Distler, and Iván Jiménez. "Understanding bias in geographic range size estimates." Global Ecology and Biogeography 21, no. 7 (October 11, 2011): 732–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00716.x.

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Sialm, Clemens, Zheng Sun, and Lu Zheng. "Home Bias and Local Contagion: Evidence from Funds of Hedge Funds." Review of Financial Studies 33, no. 10 (December 23, 2019): 4771–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz138.

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Abstract Our paper analyzes the geographical preferences of hedge fund investors and the implication of these preferences for hedge fund performance. We find that funds of hedge funds overweigh their investments in hedge funds located in the same geographical areas and that funds with a stronger local bias exhibit superior performance. Local bias also gives rise to excess flow comovement and extreme return clustering within geographic areas. Overall, our results suggest that while funds of funds benefit from local advantages, their local bias also creates market segmentation that can destabilize the underlying hedge funds.
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Meijaard, Erik, Marcel Cardillo, Emily M. Meijaard, and Hugh P. Possingham. "Geographic bias in citation rates of conservation research." Conservation Biology 29, no. 3 (March 27, 2015): 920–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12489.

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Cosentino, Francesca, and Luigi Maiorano. "Is geographic sampling bias representative of environmental space?" Ecological Informatics 64 (September 2021): 101369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101369.

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Nutting, Andrew W. "Discrimination and Information: Geographic Bias in College Basketball Polls." Eastern Economic Journal 42, no. 1 (August 18, 2014): 80–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/eej.2014.41.

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Chu, Hong Jiang, Yue Wu, Wen Yun Lin, and Yue Hua Wan. "Geographic Profiling Methods: Improvement and Combination." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1507.

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Geographic profiling uses locations of series crimes to detect the most probable residence of the offender. However, because of shortage of other information, the method doesn't perform well. To Solve this problem, the concept of geographic profiling was extended and a concept of human geographic profiling (HGP) was put forward to take offender’s bias, victims’ characteristics, and geographical circumstances into account. The physical geographic profiling (PGP) was obtained by combining an improved “spatial mean” method and an improved criminal geographic targeting (CGT) model by using a precisely deduced "Combination Function". Afterwards, HGP and PCG were combined by the same function. The resultant product was a three-dimentional probability map. Simulation result indicated high accuracy rates among which the lowest is 66% under an ideal situation. The introduction of HGP and deduction of combination function are discussed originally and are of great importance in this paper.
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Romo, Helena, Enrique García-Barros, and Jorge M. Lobo. "Identifying recorder-induced geographic bias in an Iberian butterfly database." Ecography 29, no. 6 (December 2006): 873–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04680.x.

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Branch, Jordan. "Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in International Relations." International Organization 70, no. 4 (2016): 845–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818316000199.

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AbstractGeographic Information Systems (GIS) are being applied with increasing frequency, and with increasing sophistication, in international relations and in political science more generally. Their benefits have been impressive: analyses that simply would not have been possible without GIS are now being completed, and the spatial component of international politics—long considered central but rarely incorporated analytically—has been given new emphasis. However, new methods face new challenges, and to apply GIS successfully, two specific issues need to be addressed: measurement validity and selection bias. Both relate to the challenge of conceptualizing nonspatial phenomena with the spatial tools of GIS. Significant measurement error can occur when the concepts that are coded as spatial variables are not, in fact, validly measured by the default data structure of GIS, and selection bias can arise when GIS systematically excludes certain types of units. Because these potential problems are hidden by the technical details of the method, GIS data sets and analyses can sometimes appear to overcome these challenges when, in fact, they fail to do so. Once these issues come to light, however, potential solutions become apparent—including some in existing applications in international relations and in other fields.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Geographic bias"

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Disha, Ilir. "Anti-Arab hate crimes in the aftermath of September 11, 2001 assessing the influence of geographic and situational factors /." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001045.

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Thompson, James Kyle. "Station Exposure and Resulting Bias in Temperature Observations: A Comparison of he Kentucky Mesonet and ASOS Data." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1434.

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Station siting, exposure, instrumentation, and time of observations influence longterm climatic records. This thesis compared and analyzed temperature data from four Kentucky Mesonet stations located in Fayette (LXGN), Franklin (LSML), Clark (WNCH), and Bullitt (CRMT) counties to two nearby Automated Surface Observation Systems (ASOS) stations in Kentucky. The ASOS stations are located at Louisville International Airport (Standiford Field - KSDF) and at Lexington Airport (Blue Grass Field - KLEX). The null hypothesis states that there is no significant difference in temperature measurements between the two types of stations. To quantify the differences in temperature measurements, geoprofiles and the following statistical procedures were used: coefficient of determination (R2), coefficient of efficiency (E), index of agreement (d), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). Geoprofiles were developed using GIS, and take into account elevation, slope, hillshading, land use, and aspect for each site to help better understand the influence of local topography. It was found that temperature differences could be related to the advancement of weather patterns, vegetation growth and decay, and changes in the landscape at the stations. KSDF consistently recorded higher temperatures than those at CRMT. The positive bias ranged between 0.27 and 2.41 ºC during the time period of September 2009 to August 2010. KLEX was found to be warmer or cooler, with temperature differences that ranged from -1.42 to 0.22 ºC for LXGN, LSML, and WNCH. The index of agreement at KSDF for mean hourly temperatures, when compared to the Bullitt County mesonet station, ranged from 0.88 to 0.99. Meanwhile, the index of agreement at KLEX was 0.96 to 1.00 when compared to the Franklin, Fayette, and Clark mesonet stations. KLEX recorded temperatures that were higher or lower compared to the Franklin, Fayette, and Clark mesonet stations. At the seasonal scale, fall and summer showed larger differences between the Mesonet and ASOS observations. KSDF consistently recorded higher temperatures ranging up to 2.41 °C during the summer. The index of agreement at KSDF in the fall, when compared to the Bullitt County mesonet station average temperatures, ranged from 0.89 to 0.95, while in the summer it was 0.88 to 0.96. The d index indicates a good agreement between ASOS and mesonet stations in winter. KLEX indicates that the index of agreement, RMSE, and MAE are best during winter for all three stations, while in the fall and summer the agreement was not as strong when compared to the Franklin, Fayette, and Clark mesonet stations. In summary, results indicate that the Kentucky Mesonet and ASOS temperature measurements show significant differences throughout the year; therefore, the alternative hypothesis is accepted. These differences are attributed to biases associated with ASOS observations, nearby artificial sources of heating, equipment/maintenance procedures, and land use and land cover at the site.
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Holmes, Erin Alison. "Mandatory Disease Notification and Underascertainment: A Geographical Perspective." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1378.

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Mandatory notification of disease forms the backbone of disease surveillance in New Zealand and overseas. Notification data is used by public health professionals and academics to identify cases requiring public health control, monitor disease incidence and distribution, and in epidemiological research. However, there is emerging evidence that notification rates do not accurately reflect the true extent of notifiable diseases within the community, resulting in the underascertainment of many notifiable cases. While adequate surveillance does not necessarily require that all cases of notifiable disease be captured, the systematic underascertainment of disease can have significant implications for perceived spatial and demographic trends in disease prevalence; potentially threatening the credibility of spatial epidemiological research by under or overestimating the burden of disease in different populations. There is evidence that systematic underascertainment occurs as a result of the differential actions of laboratories and general practitioners. It has also been recognised that that underascertainment can be influenced by a patient's willingness to seek medical attention and participate in laboratory tests. However, few studies have investigated whether these factors systematically influence notification either in New Zealand or overseas. Furthermore, the discipline of health geography has been slow to engage with this topic of public health importance, despite the inherently spatial nature of the processes involved, and the close ties to the geographic literature on health service utilization and healthcare provision. This thesis explores the spatial and temporal variation in notification rates in New Zealand for the period 1997-2005 and the potential relationships between notification rates and different variables. Unlike many underascertainment studies, which have used individual data and capture-recapture methods, data constraints inspired a unique ecological approach to investigating the factors which may be associated with notification in New Zealand. Variables were divided into categories based on Anderson's behavioural model for healthcare utilization and the influence of these variables on notification was determined through multiple regression analyses. The main findings of this research indicate that in New Zealand notification rates have increased during the period 1997-2005 and that there is a north-south gradient in notifications, with substantially lower rates in the North Island than in the South Island. Furthermore, it is also evident that the variables associated with notification vary according to disease, spatial aggregation and spatial scale. Notification rates are significantly associated with a range of predisposing and enabling factors which might influence patient choice to consult for many frequently underascertained diseases. More variation in enteric diseases is explained by the independent variables analysed than the variation in non-enteric diseases. However, further research into these relationships, and underascertainment in general, is required before firm conclusions can be drawn.
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Scruzzi, Davide. "Eine Stadt denkt sich die Welt : Wahrnehmung geographischer Räume und Globalisierung in Venedig von 1490 bis um 1600 /." Berlin : Akademie Verlag, 2010. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018879305&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Strong, Suzanne M. "Racial conflict and bias crimes across US cities| An analysis of the social threat perspective." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3685455.

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This research examines racially biased crimes across US cities, utilizing social threat and a general criminality perspective based on social disorganization and strain theories. Racially biased crime is compared to violent crime in general and to unbiased racially disaggregated homicide to further examine the effects of social threat and general crime variables on different forms of violent crime. Data is compiled mainly from the 1990 and 2000 US Censuses, the 1996–2000 Uniform Crime Reports and the 1996–2000 Supplemental Homicide Reports. The research shows bias crimes cannot be explained utilizing general crime predictors. In particular, anti-Black violent bias crimes committed by Whites are mainly driven by economic forces, though not necessarily economically threatening conditions. Anti-White violent bias crimes committed by Blacks are more similar to homicides of Whites committed by Blacks, which is consistent with prior research. Additionally, the research shows the importance of complying with hate crime reporting requirements and region, again consistent with prior research. That is, the more frequently a city reports data, the higher the counts of bias crimes. Cities located in the South are less likely to have high counts of bias crimes, suggesting a lack of compliance with reporting requirements. These findings pertaining to reporting compliance offer support for social constructionist perspectives in the study of bias crimes.

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Mittenhuber, Florian. "Text- und Kartentradition in der Geographie des Klaudios Ptolemaios : eine Geschichte der Kartenüberlieferung vom ptolemäischen Original bis in die Renaissance /." Bern : Bern Studies in the History and Philosophy, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783952342169.

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Gränitz, Frauke. "Landverkehrswege als Faktoren der Entwicklung der Kulturlandschaft und des Straßenwesens im Kurfürstentum Sachsen von 1648 bis 1800 der Beispielstraßenzug Leipzig - Deutscheinsiedel /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008.

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Schelhaas, Bruno Lentz Sebastian. "Institutionelle Geographie auf dem Weg in die wissenschaftspolitische Systemspaltung : die Geographische Gesellschaft der DDR bis zur III. Hochschul- und Akademiereform 1968/69 /." Leipzig : Leibniz-Inst. für Länderkunde, 2004. http://edok.ahb.niedersachsen.de/inhalt/07/475304179.pdf.

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Li, Yuheng. "Urban-Rural Relations in China : A Study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-39474.

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Over three decades of rapid economic growth in China, beginning in 1978, has been accompanied by ever-enlarging urban-rural inequalities in terms of the various aspects of income, welfare, infrastructure, medical treatment, and education (amongst others). These two parts – the urban and the rural - have long been treated separately, without much consideration being given to their mutual linkages (relations). Urban and rural development can, essentially, be interpreted as the deployment of key factors (terms of trade for agricultural products, land requisition, and labor transfer), and the supply of public goods and services (infrastructure, education, insurance, and medical care). Thus, the urban-rural inequalities experienced by China at present can be understood as the consequence of the factor flows (labor, capital, goods, information, and technology, etc.) and agglomeration between these two parts. This thesis aims to investigate urban-rural relations in China in the post-reform era, and their influences on the economic, social, and environmental development in both the urban and the rural areas. The thesis consists of five papers and the cover essay. The first two papers provide a detailed picture of urban-rural relations in China, while the other papers examine the impact of urban-rural relations in terms of population mobility, arable and built land use change, and regional economic inequality in the study area. The findings of the thesis reveal that urban-rural relations in China became gradually intensified in the post-reform era, especially when the central government initiated a shift from a situation of urban bias to comprehensive support for the rural areas. However, the mutual resource flows in the study area still tend to agglomerate in the urban districts, while only reaching the rural peripheries to a limited extent. This is demonstrated in the way in which the urban districts experienced fast and large scale demographic growth and land use change, while slow and small-scale demographic and land use change took place in the peripheries. The urban-rural interface, which is situated between the urban and rural areas, evidences medium-level resource agglomeration. This thesis, through the discussion which it sets out, emphasizes the necessity of exercising both political and market forces in order to achieve balanced urban-rural resource flows in China. Another implication for policy making is to develop more sub-centers at the peri-urban or periphery, making these areas the interface for urban-rural resource linkages.
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Heinrich, Horst-Alfred. "Politische Affinität zwischen geographischer Forschung und dem Faschismus im Spiegel der Fachzeitschriften : ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Geographie in Deutschland von 1920 bis 1945 /." Giessen : Selbstverl. des Geographischen Instituts der Justus Liebig-Universität Giessen, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37018554s.

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Books on the topic "Geographic bias"

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Di ming biao zhi biao zhun hua gai lun. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo she hui chu ban she, 2011.

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Chang shui cui bian. Shijiazhuang Shi: Hebei jiao yu chu ban she, 2000.

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Jiushun, Huang, ed. Aomen di li xin bian. Aomen: Aomen ji jin hui, 2012.

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Minguo shi di qi kan hui bian. Beijing Shi: Guo jia tu shu guan chu ban she, 2010.

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Feng, Chengjun. Shi di cong kao xu bian. [Beijing: Beijing zhong xian tuo fang ke ji fa zhan you xian gong si, 2012.

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Sheng, Xugong. Wai guo di li xin bian. [Beijing: Beijing zhong xian tuo fang ke ji fa zhan you xian gong si, 2012.

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Li dai di li zhi yun bian jin shi. Yangzhou Shi: Jiangsu Guangling gu ji ke yin she, 1992.

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Yong, Yu, ed. Cang hai sang tian: Li shi shi qi di li huan jing de jian bian yu tu bian. Guangzhou Shi: Guangdong jiao yu chu ban she, 2002.

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Yongwen, Chen, ed. Xin bian Zhongguo di li. Shanghai: Shanghai ren min chu ban she, 1986.

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Zhongguo bian jiang di li. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Geographic bias"

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Gebhardt, Hans, Rüdiger Glaser, Ulrich Radtke, and Paul Reuber. "Räumliche Maßstäbe und Gliederungen – von global bis lokal." In Geographie, 12–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50391-1_1.

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Carson, Doris A., and Rhonda L. Koster. "The ‘Boring Bits in Between’ Synthesis." In Perspectives on Rural Tourism Geographies, 243–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11950-8_13.

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Carlos, Mar, Antonio Gallardo, Mónica Peris, and Francisco J. Colomer. "Optimization of the Location of the Municipal Solid Waste Bins Using Geographic Information Systems." In Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering, 171–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26459-2_13.

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Kaiser, Claudia. "Die Tourismusentwicklung in Ostdeutschland von der DDR-Zeit bis heute." In Geographie der Freizeit und des Tourismus: Bilanz und Ausblick, 112–24. München: Oldenbourg Verlag, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/9783486700015.112.

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Koster, Rhonda L., and Dean Main. "Community-Based Tourism as an Antidote for Being Part of the Boring Bits in Between: A Case Study of Terrace Bay, Ontario, Canada." In Perspectives on Rural Tourism Geographies, 197–220. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11950-8_11.

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Ryndyk, Oleksandr, Brigitte Suter, and Gunhild Odden. "Welfare and Mobility: Migrants’ Experiences of Social Welfare Protection in Transnational and Translocal Spaces." In IMISCOE Research Series, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67615-5_1.

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AbstractAs migrants throughout the world make important contributions to their families’ social welfare, migration often implies changes in the ways in which individual’s and families’ needs for economic and social-welfare protection are met. This book contributes to the existing literature on transnational mobility and social protection by bringing in empirical evidence from across the globe which illustrates the multitude of mechanisms in which welfare concerns shape individual and family decisions about mobility and vice versa. By focusing on individuals, households and families rather than on nation states, the book’s contributors distance themselves from the macro and nation-state level of analysis in the field of migration and welfare research. Despite the emphasis on migrants’ subjective rationalities, the book’s chapters often highlight the political nature of many dilemmas faced by migrants and their families and expose national-welfare systems’ inherent sedentary bias. This book is designed for a broad range of audiences, from established scholars and policy-makers to graduate students of Sociology, Political Science, Anthropology and Human Geography who are interested in transnational mobility and social protection. We hope that the readers will find the contributions to this book insightful and valuable for their understanding of migrants’ experiences of social-welfare protection in a globalised world.
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Svatek, Petra. "»Natur und Geschichte«. Die Wissenschaftsdisziplin »Geographie« und ihre Methoden an den Universitäten Wien, Graz und Innsbruck bis 1900." In Wissenschaftliche Forschung in Österreich 1800-1900, 45–72. Göttingen: V&R Unipress, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783847103264.45.

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Peterson, A. Townsend, Jorge Soberón, Richard G. Pearson, Robert P. Anderson, Enrique Martínez-Meyer, Miguel Nakamura, and Miguel Bastos Araújo. "Species’ Occurrence Data." In Ecological Niches and Geographic Distributions (MPB-49). Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691136868.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses the process of transforming a species’ primary occurrence data into a synthetic understanding of the geographic and ecological conditions under which the species occurs. The focus is on correlative models based on occurrence data, since such models can have quite broad applicability. The chapter first considers different types of occurrence data as well as factors that connect the suitability of a site to the existence of a data record documenting the species’ presence or absence at that site. It then examines variations in the geographic and ecological characteristics of species distributions and occurrences, along with sampling bias in geographic and environmental spaces. It also describes the characteristics of absence data before concluding with an assessment of issues of content and availability that affect occurrence data.
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Peterson, A. Townsend, Jorge Soberón, Richard G. Pearson, Robert P. Anderson, Enrique Martínez-Meyer, Miguel Nakamura, and Miguel Bastos Araújo. "Evaluating Model Performance and Significance." In Ecological Niches and Geographic Distributions (MPB-49). Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691136868.003.0009.

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This chapter describes a framework for selecting appropriate strategies for evaluating model performance and significance. It begins with a review of key concepts, focusing on how primary occurrence data can be presence-only, presence/background, presence/pseudoabsence, or presence/absence as well as factors that may contribute to apparent commission error. It then considers the availability of two pools of occurrence data: one for model calibration and another for evaluation of model predictions. It also discusses strategies for detecting overfitting or sensitivity to bias in model calibration, with particular emphasis on quantification of performance and tests of significance. Finally, it suggests directions for future research as regards model evaluation, highlighting areas in need of theoretical and/or methodological advances.
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Seabrook, Nicholas R. "A Theory of Constrained Redistricting." In Drawing the Lines. Cornell University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501705311.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the theoretical argument that congressional redistricting, whether by a single party or by other means, is a fundamentally constrained activity, along with the implications of these constraints for both partisan bias and electoral responsiveness. Four categories of constraints on the redistricting process are discussed: political constraints, legal constraints, structural constraints, and geographic constraints. The chapter considers a necessary condition for the implementation of partisan gerrymandering: one political party should control each of the political branches of state government (both legislative chambers and the governorship) at the time of reapportionment following the decennial census. It also examines the argument that the redrawing of electoral boundaries is also constrained by the fundamental tension between the competing interests of partisan advantage and incumbent protection; the impact of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and population migration on the redistricting process; and how partisan bias arises under a limited set of circumstances.
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Conference papers on the topic "Geographic bias"

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Wagner, Ben, Soheil Human, and Till Winkler. "Bias in Geographic Information Systems: The Case of Google Maps." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2021.103.

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Brittell, Megen. "Seeking a Reference Frame for Cartographic Sonification." In The 24th International Conference on Auditory Display. Arlington, Virginia: The International Community for Auditory Display, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2018.020.

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Sonification of geospatial data must situate data values in two (or three) dimensional space. The need to position data values in space distinguishes geospatial data from other multi-dimensional data sets. While cartographers have extensive experience preparing geospatial data for visual display, the use of sonification is less common. Beyond availability of tools or visual bias, an incomplete understanding of the implications of parameter mappings that cross conceptual data categories limits the application of sonification to geospatial data. To catalyze the use of audio in cartography, this paper explores existing examples of parameter mapping sonification through the framework of the geographic data cube. More widespread adoption of auditory displays would diversify map design techniques, enhance accessibility of geospatial data, and may also provide new perspective for application to non-geospatial data sets.
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Vasiliev, Alexander B., and Alena A. Morova. "MAKING OF PETROGRAPHIC AND LITHOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS AS PART OF THE TRAINING OF GEOLOGY STUDENTS." In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-248-250.

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A workshop laboratory was created in Samara State Technical University where students and teachers can make preparations for classes in petrography and lithology. On the basis of the laboratory there was developed a unique method of work with drilling cuttings from abrasive-type drill bits.
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Barcelos Jorge da Silveira, Victoria, Diego Moreira Souza, and Fabrício Peixoto Alvarenga. "Urban Landscape in the Historic Center of Campos dos Goytacazes:the effect of oil royalties on the use of public and private spaces between 1996 and 2020." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212431.

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The analysis of space comes from its importance in people's daily lives, to carry out their optional, necessary and social activities. In addition to the geographic field, with its divisions and connections, space also influences social bonds, due to its imposition on segregating aspects imposed on society, reproducing it and supporting its relationships, being dynamic and ephemeral according to time . Thus, it is unquestionable that the historic center of a city is commonly defined by its ability to seduce its users, being a central place in relation to the rest of the built area, still remaining as commercial attraction areas and with a large number of developments. This demand causes an increase in the value of properties located in this region and also a dispute for space where the private ends up overtaking the public, for personal interests or groups of people. This dispute for space by non-equivalent forces has resulted directly in the urban landscape. The analysis of public spaces in the historic center of the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, in the period in which its budget had a high bias, especially fostered by the amounts received from the transfer of royalties for oil exploration, aims to verify the changes that occurred in these spaces. The methodology developed for this work involves the review of scientific literature, the collection of primary sources such as users, permit holders and concessionaires of public spaces and a detailed on-site survey of some urban elements such as walkways and roads;number of private spaces for vehicles, kiosks and stalls in public areas. Based on the suggested surveys, it will be possible to verify if the last relevant economic cycle that occurred in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes -the transfer of royalties for oil exploration, was responsible for the modification of the urban landscape in its Historic Center.
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Díaz, Mark, Isaac Johnson, Amanda Lazar, Anne Marie Piper, and Darren Gergle. "Addressing Age-Related Bias in Sentiment Analysis." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/852.

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Recent studies have identified various forms of bias in language-based models, raising concerns about the risk of propagating social biases against certain groups based on sociodemographic factors (e.g., gender, race, geography). In this study, we analyze the treatment of age-related terms across 15 sentiment analysis models and 10 widely-used GloVe word embeddings and attempt to alleviate bias through a method of processing model training data. Our results show significant age bias is encoded in the outputs of many sentiment analysis algorithms and word embeddings, and we can alleviate this bias by manipulating training data.
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Habibi, Hanna, and Jan Feld. "Do People Pay More Attention to Earthquakes in Western Countries?" In CARMA 2018 - 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2018.2018.8315.

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This paper investigates whether people from Western countries pay more attention to earthquakes in Western countries than those in non-Western countries. Using Google Trends data, we examine the proportion of Google searches from the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand for 610 earthquakes across the world over the period of 2006-2016. Our results suggest that people in these countries pay around 44 percent more attention to earthquakes in Western countries, holding constant earthquake magnitude and number of casualties. Our results remain significant and similar in magnitude after controlling for geographical and social characteristics, but reduce in magnitude to almost zero and become insignificant after controlling for GDP per capita of the countries where the earthquake struck. Our results suggest that there is a developed country bias, rather than a Western country bias, in people’s attention. This bias might lead to a lower flow of international relief to economically less developed countries, which are less able to deal with disasters.
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Ishida, Kazunari. "Geographical Bias on Social Media and Geo-local Contents System with Mobile Devices." In 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2012.292.

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Xia, Xiaoyang, Eric Nelson, Dan Olds, Larry Connor, and He Zhang. "An Integrated Workflow for Reserves Evaluation in the U.S. Permian Basin Based on SPEE Monograph 3." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206362-ms.

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Abstract In 2011, the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (SPEE) published Monograph 3 as an industry guideline for reserves evaluation of unconventionals, especially for probabilistic approaches. This paper illustrates the workflow recommended by Monograph 3. The authors also point out some dilemmas one may encounter when applying the guidelines. Finally, the authors suggest remedies to mitigate limitations and improve the utility of the approach. This case study includes about 300 producing shale wells in the Permian Basin. Referring to Monograph 3, analogous wells were identified based on location, geology, drilling-and-completion (D&C) technology; Technically Recoverable Resources (TRRs) of these analogous wells were then evaluated by Decline Curve Analysis (DCA). Next, five type-wells were developed with different statistical characteristics. Lastly, a number of drilling opportunities were identified and, consequently, a Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to develop a statistical distribution for undeveloped locations in each type-well area. The authors demonstrated the use of probit plots and demonstrated the binning strategy, which could best represent the study area. The authors tuned the binning strategy based on multiple yardsticks, including median values of normalized TRRs per lateral length, slopes of the distribution lines in lognormal plots, ratios of P10 over P90, and well counts in each type-well category in addition to other variables. The binning trials were based on different geographic areas, producing reservoirs, and operators, and included the relatively new concept of a "learning curve" introduced by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) 2018 Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper represents the first published case study to factor in the "learning curves" method. This paper automated the illustrated workflow through coded database queries or manipulation, which resulted in high efficiencies for multiple trials on binning strategy. The demonstrated case study illustrates valid decision-making processes based on data analytics. The case study further identifies methods to eliminate bias, and present independent objective reserves evaluations. Most of the challenges and situations herein are not fully addressed in Monograph 3 and are not documented in the regulations of the U.S. Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) or in the PRMS guidelines. While there may be differing approaches, and some analysts may prefer alternate methods, the authors believe that the items presented herein will benefit many who are starting to incorporate Monograph 3 in their work process. The authors hope that this paper will encourage additional discussion in our industry.
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Zaghloul, Hassan, Beverley Ronalds, and Geoff Cole. "Development of Piled Foundation Bias Factors in the Arabian Gulf." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67269.

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Offshore sites in the Arabian Gulf are characterized by the presence of calcareous sediments. Research work on driven piles in calcareous sediments has been developing for over 40 years. Yet, international codes and standards do not provide, exploit or quantify guidance for driven piles in carbonated sediments. Lack of design methods is partly attributed to inability of conventional soil mechanics to predict appropriate engineering parameters in calcareous sediments. Further, the characteristics of the sediments vary between the geographical regions depending on the geological history forming that region. As a result, current industry practice follows a conservative and subjective approach at the mere mention of carbonated sediments. Consequently, reassessment of an existing platform may falsely indicate the need for expensive construction intervention. In this study, we reviewed current practice for assessment of piled foundation in the calcareous sediments of the Arabian Gulf, collated a database of actual pile driving records, developed and implemented a detailed back-analysis procedure and implemented to derive actual pile capacities. The statistics show that the use of a single capacity value, as implied by the deterministic method of codes and standards, is insufficient to describe the various conditions surrounding the as-installed driven piles in calcareous sediments.
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Aktab, Barzian Ali, Febrita Susanti, and Sri Apriani Puji Lestari. "The Level of Critical Land in West Lombok Using Geographic Information Systems." In 2nd Borobudur International Symposium on Science and Technology (BIS-STE 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.210810.054.

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Reports on the topic "Geographic bias"

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Smith, Jeffrey A., Theresa A. Foley, John W. Raby, and Brian Reen. Investigating Surface Bias Errors in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada618215.

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