Relevant bibliographies by topics / Geographic Information Systems Work Group

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Academic literature on the topic 'Geographic Information Systems Work Group'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Geographic Information Systems Work Group"

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Matthews, Stephen A., Anne Vernez Moudon, and Mark Daniel. "Work Group II: Using Geographic Information Systems for Enhancing Research Relevant to Policy on Diet, Physical Activity, and Weight." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 36, no. 4 (2009): S171—S176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.011.

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Mahendra, Ahalya, Jane Y. Polsky, Éric Robitaille, Marc Lefebvre, Tina McBrien, and Leia M. Minaker. "Status report - Geographic retail food environment measures for use in public health." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 37, no. 10 (2017): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.37.10.06.

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The Association of Public Health Epidemiologists in Ontario (APHEO) Core Indicators Work Group standardizes definitions and calculation methods for over 120 public health indicators to enhance accurate and standardized community health status reporting across public health units in Ontario. The Built Environment Subgroup is a multi-disciplinary group made up of planners, researchers, policy analysts, registered dietitians, geographic information systems (GIS) analysts and epidemiologists. The Subgroup selected and operationalized a suite of objective, standardized indicators intended to help public health units and regional health authorities assess their community retail food environments. The Subgroup proposed three indicators that use readily available data sources and GIS tools to characterize geographic access to various types of retail food outlets within neighbourhoods in urban settings. This article provides a status report on the development of these food environment indicators.
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MacEachren, Alan M., Guoray Cai, Issac Brewer, and Jin Chen. "Supporting Map-based Geocollaboration Through Natural Interfaces to Large-Screen Displays." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 54 (June 1, 2006): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp54.344.

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Groups usually carry out science and decision-making activities involving geographic information. However, current mapping and related geospatial technologies are not group-friendly, and attempts to extend (or reinvent) technologies for group use have been largely ad hoc. Elsewhere, we have developed a comprehensive conceptual approach to geocollaboration that provides a framework for both studying collaborative work with geospatial information (and technologies) and the development of new technologies designed to support group work. We are applying that approach to a range of prototype systems that support same- and different-place as well as same- and different-time group activities.Our focus in this paper is on same-time, same-place group work environments that enable that work through use of large-screen displays supporting natural, human-system dialogue and multi-user interaction. Two environments are described and compared. Both make use of hand gestures as a mechanism for specifying display locations. One adopts a combined wall map/white board metaphor while the other adopts a drafting table metaphor. We focus on crisis management as a typical use case.
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Martinez, Katharine. "The Research Libraries Group: new initiatives to improve access to art and architecture information." Art Libraries Journal 23, no. 1 (1998): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200010798.

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This survey of the achievements of the Research Libraries Group (RLG) and its Art and Architecture Group shows the effectiveness of a collaborative approach in developing best practices and standards, and implementing new methodologies and technologies, to benefit the international art library and research communities. RLG members in Europe, North America and Australia include many of the major art research libraries. RLG offers services such as the RLIN bibliographic database and the MARCADIA retrospective conversion service in conjunction with projects documenting sales catalogue records (SCIPIO), preserving serials (the Art Serials Preservation Project) and facilitating the interloan of material between members. More recently the partnership between the RLG and the Getty Information Institute has made available an enormous range of art documentation work carried out by the Getty: standards and authority control work such as the Art & Architecture Thesaurus, the Union List of Artists’ Names and the Thesaurus of Geographic Names. In the 1980s the RLG conducted a survey identifying information needs in the humanities, which has led to resources such as the Bibliography of the History of Art becoming widely accessible, with the Provenance Index to follow shortly. This partnership is now active in the museum field, attempting to bridge the gap between the domains of secondary and primary materials in the field of art research. The REACH project (Record Export for Art and Cultural Heritage) is experimenting with the export of existing machine-readable data from heterogeneous museum collection systems, and testing the feasibility of designing a common interface for access which will complement RLG’s other resources.
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Stewart, John H., Greg B. Russell, Marissa Michelle Howard-McNatt, Robin M. Petro, Edward Allen Levine, and Ronny A. Bell. "Geographic and socioeconomic determinants of participation by elderly patients in surgical oncology trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (2012): 6127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.6127.

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6127 Background: A recent report by our group demonstrated that <0.5% of elderly patients with breast, prostate and lung cancer participate in surgical oncology trials. However, little work to date has evaluated the roles of regional healthcare infrastructure and socioeconomic factors on clinical trial participation in this cohort. Methods: The NCI Cooperative Group Surgical Oncology Trial (CGSOT) database was queried for patients treated for breast, prostate and lung cancer cancer between 2000 and 2008 (n=13,541). Geographical Information Systems data were used to evaluate proximity to healthcare facilities while regional socioeconomic characteristics were obtained from the 2000 US Census and Area Resource file. Counts were used to create a proportion of respondents with the corresponding 95% confidence interval calculated using the central limit theorem. Independent t-tests were used to assess differences in outcome measures between the two age groups. Results: We found that 4136 participants in the NCI CGSOT database were 65 years of age or older. Interestingly, 92.7% of this cohort was white and 85.7% was female. Socioeconomic determinants of participation are shown in the table. Conclusions: The work presented herein suggests that elderly minority patients are less likely to participate in surgical oncology trials than their white counterparts. Furthermore, elderly participants tend to reside in less affluent areas. Future work will utilize interventions that improve the recruitment of elderly patients to these trials. [Table: see text]
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Çöltekin, A., J. Hempel, A. Brychtova, I. Giannopoulos, S. Stellmach, and R. Dachselt. "GAZE AND FEET AS ADDITIONAL INPUT MODALITIES FOR INTERACTING WITH GEOSPATIAL INTERFACES." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-2 (June 2, 2016): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-2-113-2016.

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are complex software environments and we often work with multiple tasks and multiple displays when we work with GIS. However, user input is still limited to mouse and keyboard in most workplace settings. In this project, we demonstrate how the use of gaze and feet as additional input modalities can overcome time-consuming and annoying mode switches between frequently performed tasks. In an iterative design process, we developed gaze- and foot-based methods for zooming and panning of map visualizations. We first collected appropriate gestures in a preliminary user study with a small group of experts, and designed two interaction concepts based on their input. After the implementation, we evaluated the two concepts comparatively in another user study to identify strengths and shortcomings in both. We found that continuous foot input combined with implicit gaze input is promising for supportive tasks.
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Çöltekin, A., J. Hempel, A. Brychtova, I. Giannopoulos, S. Stellmach, and R. Dachselt. "GAZE AND FEET AS ADDITIONAL INPUT MODALITIES FOR INTERACTING WITH GEOSPATIAL INTERFACES." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-2 (June 2, 2016): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-2-113-2016.

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are complex software environments and we often work with multiple tasks and multiple displays when we work with GIS. However, user input is still limited to mouse and keyboard in most workplace settings. In this project, we demonstrate how the use of gaze and feet as additional input modalities can overcome time-consuming and annoying mode switches between frequently performed tasks. In an iterative design process, we developed gaze- and foot-based methods for zooming and panning of map visualizations. We first collected appropriate gestures in a preliminary user study with a small group of experts, and designed two interaction concepts based on their input. After the implementation, we evaluated the two concepts comparatively in another user study to identify strengths and shortcomings in both. We found that continuous foot input combined with implicit gaze input is promising for supportive tasks.
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García Cabello, Julia, Pedro A. Castillo, Maria-del-Carmen Aguilar-Luzon, Francisco Chiclana, and Enrique Herrera-Viedma. "A Methodology for Redesigning Networks by Using Markov Random Fields." Mathematics 9, no. 12 (2021): 1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9121389.

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Standard methodologies for redesigning physical networks rely on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which strongly depend on local demographic specifications. The absence of a universal definition of demography makes its use for cross-border purposes much more difficult. This paper presents a Decision Making Model (DMM) for redesigning networks that works without geographical constraints. There are multiple advantages of this approach: on one hand, it can be used in any country of the world; on the other hand, the absence of geographical constraints widens the application scope of our approach, meaning that it can be successfully implemented either in physical (ATM networks) or non-physical networks such as in group decision making, social networks, e-commerce, e-governance and all fields in which user groups make decisions collectively. Case studies involving both types of situations are conducted in order to illustrate the methodology. The model has been designed under a data reduction strategy in order to improve application performance.
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Smekalova, Tatyana, Edgar Terekhin, Alexei Pasumanskiy, and Fedor Lisetskii. "Using of historical cartography, remote sensing data and GIS for studying of land division system of Taurian Chersonesos." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 4 (2020): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-4-26-177-187.

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The article presents the results of work on the use of historical cartography data, German captured aerial photographs of Luftwaffe 1941–1944, a satellite image of 1966 and geographic information systems (GIS) for a detailed reconstruction and identification of the basic principles of the ancient land division system of the ancient chora (rural area) of Tauric Chersonesos in Crimea. Based on the integrated GIS, it was possible to reconstruct an ancient grid of 4- and 6-hecatogygos blocks linked to the terrain, separated by roads. The creation of plans for intra-unit land surveying was carried out on the basis of the analysis of multi-temporal aerial and satellite imagery in the ArcGIS geographic information environment. It was carried out by creating and further processing a group of vector layers, the main of which included a grid of roads, the rest — dividing blocks into plots and single hector modules. The analysis in the GIS of the mutual arrangement of the elements of this grid made it possible to determine the sequence of development and delimitation of the territory of the Heraclean Peninsula in the 4th century BC. The study of the internal surveying of blocks by mosaic of aerial photographs of 1941–1944, integrated into the GIS, made it possible to trace the dynamics of changes in the 3rd century BC of internal division of blocs from individual civil plots (hectators) to large land holdings, sometimes reaching and even exceeding the size of the whole block. As a result of a comprehensive study using historical cartography, archival aerial photographs of the 1940s and a satellite image of 1966, collected in a single geographic information system, it was possible to determine the basic principles and identify the modules of the Taurian Chersonesos land surveying: a single civil plots (hecatogygos) and a unit of measurement of areas (aroura).
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Ramírez-Correa, Patricio, Elizabeth E. Grandón, Jorge Alfaro-Pérez, and Giselle Painén-Aravena. "Personality Types as Moderators of the Acceptance of Information Technologies in Organizations: A Multi-Group Analysis in PLS-SEM." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (2019): 3987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143987.

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This study aims to examine the influence of personality types on the acceptance of information technologies at work. Based on the model of the five dominant personality traits and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, 155 users of Enterprise Resource Planning systems were examined in two Chilean organizations. A cluster analysis applied to personality traits identified three different types of personalities. Subsequently, a multi-group analysis in Partial Least Squares of the technology acceptance model detected statistically significant differences among these types of personalities. Specifically, although for all personality types, the intention to use technology is explained in more than 60 percent, the strength of the antecedent variables changes radically depending on the type of personality. These findings indicate that personality type plays an essential role as a moderator of technology acceptance at work. This study is one of the first attempts where personality types, instead of specific personality traits, have been associated with technology acceptance models. In it, we performed an analysis of statistically significant differences among the types. Its practical implications are to identify the personality type of employees and adapt the implementation of innovations accordingly. This can help organizations to implement technology successfully, which, in turn, contributes to their sustainability.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Geographic Information Systems Work Group"

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Visagie, Sonja. "Using a social network environment for information systems group work." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24597.

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Group work and online discussions are not new terms in education and are important activities for Information Systems students. It has become important because it encourages creative thinking and provides more efficient problem-solving approaches. Online social networking sites, like Facebook, have pedagogical potential and the consideration of its academic application should not be ignored by lecturers or students. The main problem identified in this thesis is that the awareness and application of the emerging pedagogical potential of online social networking sites, like Facebook, especially for the purpose of group work and online discussions, is limited among Information Systems lecturers and students. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of awareness and application of Facebook as an academic tool by Information Systems lecturers and students, and whether it can enhance the learning experience of students, related to the effectiveness of group work and online discussions. The perceptions of both Information Systems lecturers and students were recorded by means of questionnaires and interviews. It was found that most lecturers and students were aware of Facebook’s pedagogical potential. However, the consideration and application of Facebook as an academic tool, by lecturers and students, are limited. From a cultural perspective, it was found that students from a private institution, where no Learning Management System was implemented, as well as black students, showed increased levels of utilisation and performance, in terms of enhanced learning experienced, on the academic groups on Facebook. The researcher developed a model for the academic application of Facebook for Information Systems students, based on the Task-Technology Fit and the Social Software Performance Model theories. This study concludes with the recommendation that Information Systems lecturers and students should become increasingly aware of and consider the pedagogical potential of Facebook as a supplementary tool and with suggestions for future research.<br>Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010.<br>Informatics<br>unrestricted
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Cronholm, Stefan, and Ulf Melin. "Project Oriented Student Work : Group Formation and Learning." Linköpings universitet, VITS - Laboratoriet för verksamhetsinriktad systemutveckling, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-95448.

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This paper evaluates how semi-randomly formed project groups, compared to forming groups at free will, affect students’ learning in a project-oriented setting. The findings are based on empirical data. We have analyzed students’ experiences by taking a course in the subject of Information Systems. The identified experiences are considered to be either a strength or a problem. We can conclude that how we form project groups has an effect on learning. We can also conclude that several of the experiences from semi-randomly formed project groups are of both a positive and negative nature. In the concluding chapter, we give some explanations in order to understand the differences in students’ experiences.
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Easton, George Kurtis. "Group decision support systems vs. face-to-face communication for collaborative group work: An experimental investigation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184449.

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Organizations must consider increasing their decision-making capabilities in order to remain viable in a post-industrial society that Huber characterized as having "more and increasing knowledge, more and increasing complexity, and more and increasing turbulence" (1984). He sees the challenge for managers in the post-industrial environment as learning to make decisions in less time using greater quantities of more complex information. Group Decision Support Systems (GDSSs) represent a computer-based technology that has the potential to increase an organization's decision-making capabilities, and to meet this post-industrial challenge. This dissertation investigated a specific GDSS to study how GDSS technology affects group decision making compared to the more traditional face-to-face group decision making. The research was conducted through the use of a laboratory study comparing face-to-face groups of size six to GDSS groups of the same size. The decision process was the same for both types of groups, i.e., the sequence of steps used to solve the problem was consistent for both. Additionally, all of the groups were given the same task. Process and decision outcomes were measured for the six sets of treatments considered feasible for the manipulation of the communication condition, leadership, and anonymity. The process outcomes included satisfaction, time to decision, consensus, participation and uninhibited comments. The quality of a group's decision was the decision outcome measurement. The major findings of this study are: (1) Decision quality was equivalent for both face-to-face and GDSS groups; (2) Time to decision was greater for GDSS; (3) Consensus was less likely to occur in GDSS groups; (4) Satisfaction was lower in GDSS groups; (5) Participation was more equitable in GDSS groups.
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Fortuin, Mildred. "A geographic information systems approach to the identification of Table Mountain group aquifer "type areas" of ecological importance." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The Table Mountain group aquifer system has the potential to be an important supply of water. Although the aquifer system is used to some extent, a number of aspects relating to the aquifer system are poorly understood and unquantified. This study aimed to take into consideration the importance of differenct ecosytems, which is essential in predicting the effects of groundwater abstruction. However, the ecological requirements of systems that depend on groundwater are poorly understood. This project identified &quot<br>type areas&quot<br>for further detailed research into the impacts of large-scale groundwater abstraction from the Table Mountain group aquifer system based on the nature and functioning of ecosystems across groundwater dependent ecosystem boundaries of a regional scale.
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Matoti, Andiswa. "Assessing the groundwater resources within the Table Mountain Group using remote sensing and geographic information system." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53298.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Cape Town metropolitan area has limited water supply due to rapid population and urban growth. In many instances, surface water is the only source in water supply schemes. There is a need for additional water supplies to supplement the existing water sources. Groundwater systems can be used as primary or supplemental water supply sources especially in areas where there is high demand for water resources. The aim of this study is to evaluate the groundwater potential within the Table Mountain Group (TMG) with the assistance of remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). Previous hydrogeological studies have found the TMG to be the second largest hydrogeological unit in South Africa with extensively fractured and multi-porous rock. The study area is 5660 km2 with TMG covering 1336 km". In this study a Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image was used to identify lineaments. The identified lineaments were overlaid with vegetation, drainage patterns, faults and fractures digitized from 1:250 000 geological maps and borehole yields to show areas with promising groundwater resources. The results did not show correlation between vegetation and lineaments. Most of the lineaments intersected drainage lines at some points, and a few were parallel to the drainage lines. Forty five percent of the digitized faults and fractures overlap with the Landsat lineament. The most dominating lineaments are oriented in a NW-SE direction. High yielding boreholes with average yield of about 12 lIs were found within the distance of 150m from the lineaments. The lineaments were further analysed to locate areas that could be suitable for groundwater exploration. These areas were identified using Landsat lineaments, boreholes and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The results showed that the most favourable lineaments and geological features were oriented in a 135-180° and 0-45° direction and areas with slopes of less than 40% were found to be suitable for drilling boreholes. The amount of available groundwater within the TMG was also investigated by looking at both volume of recharge and amount that could be held in storage. Rainfall data was used to estimate recharge. Groundwater recharge was calculated to be 5% of the total precipitation that falls on this area. Based on the average rainfall of 600mm per annum, the results show that TMG has an average recharge value of 30mm per annum. The total recharge for the area covered by TMG, which has an area of 1336km2 , is 160 million nr'. Geological profiles and cross sections were drawn to determine the storage capacity of the TMG, which was estimated to be 525 million m.3 According to a study done by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DW AF) in 1996, the anticipated water demand in the Cape Town metropolitan area will increase from 243 million m3 in 1990 to 560 million m3 in 2020. The estimated volume of water that can be stored within the TMG can meet the current demand for the next 10 years and supplement the existing surface water sources. Groundwater vulnerability of the TMG to contamination was assessed and mapped by using the DRASTIC index. The results demonstrate that the TMG area is at low risk to contamination.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Vinnig groeiende bevolking en stedelike uitbreiding plaas toenemende druk op Kaapstad se water voorraad. Addisionele waterbronne sal benodig word om bestaande bronne aan te vul. Oppervlakwater is in die meeste gevalle die enigste waterbron, maar grondwater het die potensiaal om te dien as 'n primêre of aanvullende voorsieningsbron, veral in areas waar groot water tekorte bestaan. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die grondwaterpotensiaal van gesteentes van die Tafelberg Groep (TBG) te evalueer deur van afstandswaarneming en geografiese inligtingstelsels gebruik te maak. Geohidrologiese studies het getoon dat die TBG gesteentes met sy veelvuldige nate en breuksones, die tweede grootste geohidrologiese eenheid in Suid Afrika is. Die studiegebied beslaan 5660 km", waarvan 1336 km2 deur Tafelberg Sandsteen beslaan word. Vir hierdie studie is 'n "Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)" beeld gebruik in die identifisering van breuksones (lineamente). Verdere analises is uitgevoer om areas geskik vir grondwater ontginning te identifiseer. Geïdentifiseerde verskuiwings op Landsat beelde is met plantegroei, dreinerings patrone en bekende verskuiwings en fraktuur sones vanaf gelogiese kaarte vergelyk in 'n poging om areas met belowende grondwaterbronne uit te wys. Bekende boorgat posisies en lewerings volumes was 'n primêre databron vir die berekening van groundwater reserves. Die studie het egter geen korrelasie tussen plantegroei en die voorkoms van lineamente gevind nie. Die riviere in die studiegebied word op verskeie plekke deur verskuiwings gekruis. Slegs 'n paar van die verskuiwings lê parallel met die dreinering. Daar is gevind dat vyf-en-veertig persent van bekende verskuiwings en fraktuursones met die geïdentifiseerd op Landsat beelde oorvleuel. Die mees prominente lineamente het 'n NW-SO oriëntasie. Boorgate met lewerings van gemiddeld 12 lis is binne 'n 150m afstand van die verskuiwings gevind. Die verskuiwings is ook geanaliseer om die mees produktiewe areas vir grondwater ontginning te identifiseer. Landsat beelde, boorgate en 'n Digitale Elevasie Model (DEM) is gebruik om moontlike boorposisies te identifiseer. Die mees produktiewe verskuiwings en geologiese verskynsels het 'n N 135-180W en NO-450 oriëntasie, terwyl areas met 'n helling < 40% vir die boor van boorgate geskik is. Berekeninge oor die hoeveelheid water wat binne die TBG gesteentes beskikbaar is, is gemaak deur die hoeveelheid aanvulling en stoorkapasiteit van die TBG gesteentes te beraam. Grondwater aanvulling, soos bereken vanaf reënval data, is 5% van die totale presipitasie van 'n gegewe area. Met 'n gemiddelde jaarlikse reënval van 600mm in die studie gebied is die TBG se jaarlikse aanvulling ongeveer 30mm. Daar word beraam dat die totale aanvulling in die 1336km2 TBG area 160-miljoen m3 per jaar is. Geologiese profiele en dwarsnitte is gemaak om die stoorvermoë van die TBG te bepaal, en is beraam op 525-miljoen rrr'. 'n 1996 navorsing studie deur die Departement van Waterwese en Bosbou toon dat waterverbruik in die Kaapse Metropolitaanse gebied sal toeneem vanaf die 1990 vlak van 243-miljoen m3 tot 560 miljoen m3 teen 2020. Die berekende volume water wat binne die TBG gestoor word, kan die water aanvraag oor die volgende 10 jaar bevredig en as aanvulling dien vir oppervlak waterbronne. Die kwesbaarheid van die TBG akwifer vir besoedeling is met behulp van die DRASTIC indeks geëvalueer en gekarteer. Die resultate toon dat die TBG 'n lae risiko vir besoedeling het.
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Wikgren, Brooke C. "A Report: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Intern and Assistant Scientist with the Marine GIS Research Group at the New England Aquarium." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1290124556.

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Rajao, Raoni Guerra Lucas. "Objects, boundaries and joint work : the role of geographic information systems in the formulation and enforcement of deforestation control policies in Amazonia." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.588503.

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Over the last decade, the use of geographic information system (GIS) technology has been increasingly depicted by scholars and policy-makers as being able to reduce or even stop deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Simultaneously, this technology was introduced into a growing number of governmental and non-governmental organizations as a policy-making and law enforcement tool. However, despite the growing importance of GIS the literature lacks studies that empirically examine the actual role of this technology in the region. In the light of the above omissions, the aim of this thesis is to explore the role of GIS in facilitating or hindering the joint work practices of the different groups which are involved in the formulation and enforcement of the deforestation control policy in the Amazon. From that this study intends also to contribute to debates concerning the 'dynamics behind the establishment and implications of boundary objects. This study was conducted through a yearlong fieldwork in Brazil during which time historical documents were collected, and interviews as well as work observations with scientists, politicians, senior officials, local managers, bureaucrats and forest rangers (among other groups) were made. The empirical material was mainly analyzed through the concepts of objectification and boundary objects. Specifically, GIS has been conceptualized as a boundary object which, in particular circumstances, is able to offer common ground to facilitate different forms of joint work (i.e. coordination, cooperation and collaboration) across occupational, spatial and political boundaries. From this analysis, three major conclusions emerged. Firstly, the establishment of GIS as a boundary object over the last decades can be explained by considering three interrelated dynamics: a) the political flexibility that enabled GIS to be tailored to suit political and work needs - which varied across historical and organizational contexts; b) the process of negotiation surrounding GIS that allowed different groups to reach compromises and build trust in the technology; and c) the epistemological affinity between the modernist values embedded in GIS and the historical roots of the Brazilian government. Secondly, the use of GIS as a boundary object has been central for the emergence of new forms of joint work across boundaries. Specifically, the process of objectification related to the functioning of GIS as a boundary object facilitated coordination and cooperation in three ways: a) the creation of objectifications on different scales (e.g. from broad policy documents to specific fines) while keeping a single identity allowed different groups to overcome occupational boundaries when coordinating each other's work; b) the objectification of location references into absolute geographic coordinates enabled the outcome of the work of different groups to travel long distances while still being decipherable, thereby overcoming the spatial boundaries involved in coordination and cooperation; and c) the objectification promoted by GIS allowed rangers and bureaucrats to erase the traces of the subjectivity of their own work and thereby to create legal documents that are deemed sufficiently trustworthy to transcend political boundaries. Thirdly, the over-reliance of GIS and the process of objectification also had long-term negative effects and contributed to 'boundary-blinding', namely, the inability of certain groups to understand the social reality and the work done across boundaries. In particular, GIS contributed to: a) the blinding of practices by preventing senior officials and scientists from appreciating the complex challenges involved in enforcing the law on the ground; b) the blinding of the outcomes of the practices and policies relating to the environmental protection of the Amazon, so that senior officials cannot understand the implications of abstract indicators and deforestation rates; and c) the blinding of the motives behind the use of GIS so that the introduction of this technology is believed to always reduce deforestation regardless of the political agenda of those using this technology. As a result of this, boundary-blinding is creating tensions and contradictions within the government that could ultimately undermine the very environmental protection practices that GIS was supposed to support. These three points taken together suggest that the Brazilian government should embrace more engaged forms of joint work. In particular, the government should attempt to move from instrumental forms of coordination and cooperation to forms of collaboration involving knowledge sharing and learning. In this way, the government would be able to deal with the boundary-blinding related to the use of GIS while benefiting from the ability of this technology to overcome spatial, occupational and political boundaries.
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Dolney, Timothy J. "VERTUS vehicle emissions related to urban sprawl /." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1182869915.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2007.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 19, 2009). Advisor: Jay Lee. Keywords: urban sprawl, vehicle emissions, air pollution, geographic information systems (GIS), home-work journey, simulation. Includes bibliographical references (p. 213-223).
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Hardin, Andrew Martin. "Testing the influence of collective efficacy beliefs on group level performance metrics an investigation of the virtual team efficacy : performance relationship in information systems project management teams /." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2005/a%5Fhardin%5F070805.pdf.

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Cathcart, Steven C. "A Group-based Spatial Decision Support System for Wind Farm Site Selection in Northwest Ohio." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1320431690.

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Books on the topic "Geographic Information Systems Work Group"

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Group, United States Department of Agriculture Geographic Information Systems Work. U.S. Department of Agriculture Geographic Information Systems Work Group: Report to the Secretary. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1991.

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L, Nyerges Timothy, ed. Geographic information systems for group decision making: Towards a participatory, geographic information science. Taylor & Francis, 2001.

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Zack, Michael H. Organizational information processing and work group effectiveness. Division of Research, Harvard Business School, 1989.

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Expert Group Meeting on Computerized Information System (CIS) of Poverty Monitoring System (PMS) under Monitoring Adjustment and Poverty (MAP) Project (1997 Dhaka, Bangladesh). Report on Expert Group Meeting on Computerized Information System (CIS) of Poverty Monitoring System (PMS) under Monitoring Adjustment and Poverty (MAP) Project, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 18 September 1997. Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific, 1997.

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Eveland, J. D. Work group structures and computer support: A field experiment. Rand Corporation, 1989.

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Multisystems, inc. Using geographic information systems for welfare to work transportation planning and service delivery: [a handbook]. National Academy Press, 2000.

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Estes, J. E. Remote Sensing Information Sciences Research Group: Santa Barbara Information Sciences Research Group, final report, year 5. University of California, 1989.

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Estes, J. E. Remote Sensing Information Sciences Research Group: Santa Barbara Information Sciences Research Group, final report, year 3. University of California, Santa Barbara, 1988.

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GISDECO Seminar (1991 Utrecht University). Possibilities and constraints of GIS applications in developing countries: Proceedings of the GISDECO seminar organized by the GIS Working Group of the Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Utrecht University (7-8 April 1991). Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 1992.

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Xiang, Wei-Ning. Evaluation of landscape plan alternatives: The application of a fuzzy group multi-criteria decision making model. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Food and Natural Resources, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Geographic Information Systems Work Group"

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Rasmussen, Jens. "Geographic Information Systems, Work Analysis, and System Design." In Cognitive Aspects of Human-Computer Interaction for Geographic Information Systems. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0103-5_26.

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Mccarthy, John, Peter Wright, and Michael Harrison. "A Requirements Space for Group-Work Systems." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-5041-2896-4_48.

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Liu, Yan. "Establishment of Tourism Geographic Information System to Promote Field Work in Tourism Management Major." In Advances in Brain Inspired Cognitive Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38786-9_45.

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Samarakoon, S. M. Uthpala Prasadini, and Asanthika Imbulpitiya. "Work-in-Progress: Reducing Social Loafing in Information Technology Undergraduate Group Projects." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40274-7_11.

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Dillon, Andrew. "Group Dynamics Meet Cognition: Combining Socio-Technical Concepts and Usability Engineering in the Design of Information Systems." In Computer Supported Cooperative Work. Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0411-7_11.

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Frank, Andrew U. "Working Group I — Requirements and Applications — Position Paper: Requirements for 3D in Geographic Information Systems Applications." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72135-2_23.

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Pultar, Edward. "Data Mining Location-Based Social Networks for Geospatial Discovery." In Geographic Information Systems. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2038-4.ch119.

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Modern, Internet-based social networks contain a wealth of information about each member. An integral part of an individual’s online profile is their Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) such as a user’s current geographical location. Social network members in different cities, countries, or continents engage in different activities due to accessibility, economy, culture, or other factors. The work here focuses on data mining separate groups of social network profiles according to their geography in order to discover information about a place. This results in keywords associated with a specific location and provides an automated way to describe a place in an up to date fashion based upon its current local residents. Location-Based Social Network (LBSN) profiles from four different places are analyzed here and the results are presented as they relate to space, time, and activities.
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Abadía, Mercedes Farjas, Manuel Sillero Quintana, and Pedro Ángel Merino Calvo. "Application of Topographical Capture Techniques for Modelling Virtual Reality." In Geographic Information Systems. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2038-4.ch060.

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Since the dawn of time man has attempted to represent the human figure with techniques ranging from simple drawings to techniques that manage to reflect the movement of body segments. In parallel, cartographic techniques have developed very advanced capture and 3D representation systems, but even though they have been applied in recent years to other sciences, they have not been applied yet to virtual reality. The appearance of the laser acquisition systems has enabled us to acquire data without discrimination on points and to get quick 3D models. This situation allows us to work directly on the concept of surface and to analyze it from the uniqueness of the detail, compared to traditional systems which capture points for, later, imaging surfaces from them. Under this prism, a research group was formed by graduates in Physical Activity and Sport and in Cartography, in order to bring together both sciences and to improve techniques of capture and representation of the human body. The road is not completely gone, but some results have been obtained and are presented in this work.
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Duke-Williams, Oliver, and John Stillwell. "Temporal and Spatial Consistency." In Geographic Information Systems. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2038-4.ch101.

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One of the major problems challenging time series research based on stock and flow data is the inconsistency that occurs over time due to changes in variable definition, data classification and spatial boundary configuration. The census of population is a prime example of a source whose data are fraught with these problems, resulting in even the simplest comparison between the 2001 Census and its predecessor in 1991 being difficult. The first part of this chapter introduces the subject of inconsistencies between related data sets, with general reference to census interaction data. Various types of inconsistency are described. A number of approaches to dealing with inconsistency are then outlined, with examples of how these have been used in practice. The handling of journey to work data of persons who work from home is then used as an illustrative example of the problems posed by inconsistencies in base populations. Home-workers have been treated in different ways in successive UK censuses, a factor which can cause difficulties not only for researchers interested in such working practices, but also for those interested in other aspects of commuting. The latter set of problems are perhaps more pernicious, as users are less likely to be aware of the biases introduced into data sets that are being compared. In the second half of this chapter, we make use of a time series data set of migration interaction data that does have temporal consistency to explore how migration propensities and patterns in England and Wales have changed since 1999 and in particular since the year prior to the 2001 Census. The data used are those that are produced by the Office of National Statistics based on comparisons of NHS patient records from one year to the next and adjusted using data on NHS patients re-registering in different health authorities. The analysis of these data suggests that the massive exodus of individuals from major metropolitan across the country that has been identified in previous studies is continuing apace, particularly from London whose net losses doubled in absolute terms between 1999 and 2004 before reducing marginally in 2005 and 2006. Whilst this pattern of counterurbanisation is evident for all-age flows, it conceals significant variations for certain age groups, not least those aged between 16 and 24, whose migration propensities are high and whose net redistribution is closely connected with the location of universities. The time series analyses are preceded by a comparison of patient register data with corresponding data from the 2001 Census. This suggests strong correlation between the indicators selected and strengthens the argument that patient register data in more recent years provide reliable evidence for researchers and policy makers on how propensities and patterns change over time.
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Maschner, Herbert D. G. "The Politics of Settlement Choice on the Northwest Coast: Cognition, GIS, and Coastal Landscapes." In Anthropology, Space, and Geographic Information Systems. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085754.003.0013.

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The reasons why evolutionary ecology and, more specifically, optimal foraging theory, do not work in many archaeological situations are varied. Most importantly however, is our lack of understanding of basic human decision-making processes in societies intermediate between bands and states. From evolutionary ecology, we can predict some foraging behavior and thus explain some of the settlement behavior of foraging societies (Mithen 1991; Smith 1991). In states and empires, we can use modern microeconomic theory to predict settlement, trade, and political organization. However, we have very little understanding of how to predict behavior in societies that fall between these two extremes. One of the basic assumptions of modern economic, geographical, and cultural ecological studies is that humans are energy maximizers. Ecologists view this ability to be economically efficient as a product of our evolutionary history of being adaptive (Jochim 1981; Krebs and Davies 1991; Smith and Winterhalder 1992; Stephens and Krebs 1986; Winterhalder and Smith 1981). Support for this assumption is clearly seen in studies of small, mobile foraging societies where individuals and kin-based groups tend to maximize their economic return with subsistence and settlement behaviors that most would agree are adaptive in that particular context (Jochim 1981; Mithen 1991; Smith 1991). For sedentary communities with more complex political organizations (tribes and simple chiefdoms), however, this is not the case, and this discrepancy is seen archaeologically in settlement and subsistence strategies that do not conform to predictions derived from optimal foraging theory. Thus, an underlying assumption in ecological studies is that models of subsistence economizing behavior and studies of subsistence efficiency will work well for hunters and gatherers (Keene 1981; Winterhalder and Smith 1981) or small-scale horticulturalists (Keegan 1986), but will decrease in their explanatory power with increasing social and political complexity. Although this has not been specifically tested, the fact that optimal foraging theory is less effective in explaining behavior in agricultural and sedentary hunter-and-gatherer societies (Maschner 1992) and is not usually applied to chiefdoms and states at all supports this contention.
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Conference papers on the topic "Geographic Information Systems Work Group"

1

Feuerhake, Udo, and Monika Sester. "Mining group movement patterns." In SIGSPATIAL'13: 21st SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2525314.2525318.

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Khan, A. K. M. Mustafizur Rahman, Lars Kulik, and Egemen Tanin. "Location privacy for group meetups." In SIGSPATIAL'16: 24th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2996913.2996966.

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Buchin, Maike, Bernhard Kilgus, and Andrea Kölzsch. "Group Diagrams for Representing Trajectories." In SIGSPATIAL '18: 26th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3283207.3283208.

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Kannangara, Sameera, Hairuo Xie, Egemen Tanin, Aaron Harwood, and Shanika Karunasekera. "Tracking Group Movement in Location Based Social Networks." In SIGSPATIAL '20: 28th International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3397536.3422211.

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Purpur, Erich. "INCORPORATING SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN SOCIAL WORK CURRICULUM." In International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2016.1024.

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Tao, Gang, Guohua Wei, Xu Wang, and Ming Kong. "The influence on the interferometry due to the instability of ground-based synthetic aperture radar work platform." In Remote Sensing Image Processing and Geographic Information Systems, edited by Jie Ma, Nong Sang, and Zhong Chen. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2288198.

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Wang, Weige, Jian Xu, Ming Xu, Ning Zheng, and Enquan Ge. "Probabilistic Group Nearest Neighbors query based on Voronoi diagram." In SIGSPATIAL'15: 23rd SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2835022.2835029.

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Sultana, Nusrat, Tanzima Hashem, and Lars Kulik. "Group nearest neighbor queries in the presence of obstacles." In SIGSPATIAL '14: 22nd SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2666310.2666484.

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Frez, Jonathan, Nelson Baloian, Gustavo Zurita, and Jose A. Pino. "Dealing with incomplete and uncertain context data in geographic information systems." In 2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cscwd.2014.6846829.

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"IS THERE A ROLE FOR PHILOSOPHY IN GROUP WORK SUPPORT?" In 10th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001677200890096.

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Reports on the topic "Geographic Information Systems Work Group"

1

Charlesworth, P. B. Working group 3 - Geographic information systems for government geological surveys. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/222364.

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Henderson, Tim, Mincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285306.

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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile for this unit. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be recorded such that other researchers may evaluate it in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&amp;M) established during the late 1990s. The I&amp;M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&amp;M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN, methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Chihuahuan Desert Inventory &amp; Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285337.

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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&amp;M) established during the late 1990s. The I&amp;M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&amp;M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory &amp; Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286915.

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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be protected and conserved for researchers to study and evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&amp;M) established during the late 1990s. The I&amp;M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&amp;M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Klamath Inventory &amp; Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers...
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5

Johnson, Eric M., Robert Urquhart, and Maggie O'Neil. The Importance of Geospatial Data to Labor Market Information. RTI Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.pb.0017.1806.

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School-to-work transition data are an important component of labor market information systems (LMIS). Policy makers, researchers, and education providers benefit from knowing how long it takes work-seekers to find employment, how and where they search for employment, the quality of employment obtained, and how steady it is over time. In less-developed countries, these data are poorly collected, or not collected at all, a situation the International Labour Organization and other donors have attempted to change. However, LMIS reform efforts typically miss a critical part of the picture—the geospatial aspects of these transitions. Few LMIS systems fully consider or integrate geospatial school-to-work transition information, ignoring data critical to understanding and supporting successful and sustainable employment: employer locations; transportation infrastructure; commute time, distance, and cost; location of employment services; and other geographic barriers to employment. We provide recently collected geospatial school-to-work transition data from South Africa and Kenya to demonstrate the importance of these data and their implications for labor market and urban development policy.
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6

Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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7

Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Accomplishments, 2007. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7296841.aphis.

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This past year’s hard work and significant changes have enabled CPHST—a division of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), APHIS Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) program—to be an organization more capable and better aligned to support and focus on PPQ’s scientific needs. In 2007, CPHST developed the first PPQ strategic plan for CPHST. The plan shows where CPHST is going over the next 5 years, how it is going to get there, and how it will know if it got there or not. Moreover, CPHST plan identifies critical elements of PPQ’s overall strategic plan that must be supported by the science and technology services CPHST provides. The strategic plan was followed by an operational plan, which guarantees that the strategic plan is a living and breathing document. The operational plan identifies the responsibilities and resources needed to accomplish priorities in this fiscal year and measures our progress. CPHST identifies the pathways by which invasive plant pests and weeds can be introduced into the United States. CPHST develops, adapts, and supports technology to detect, identify, and mitigate the impact of invasive organisms. CPHST helps to ensure that the methods, protocols, and equipment used by PPQ field personnel are effective and efficient. All the work of CPHST is identified under one of the five program areas: Agricultural Quarantine Inspection and Port Technology, Molecular Diagnostics and Biotechnology, Response and Recovery Systems Technology, Risk and Pathway Analysis, and Survey Detection and Identification. CPHST scientists are leaders in various fields, including risk assessment, survey and detection, geographic information systems (GIS), molecular diagnostics, biocontrol techniques, methods and treatment, and mass rearing of insects. The following list outlines some of CPHST’s efforts in 2007: Responding to Emergencies, Developing and Supporting Technology for Treatments, Increasing Diagnostic Capacity, and Supporting Trade.
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