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Journal articles on the topic 'Geographic knowledge discovery'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Peuquet, Donna J., and Menno-Jan Kraak. "Geobrowsing: Creative Thinking and Knowledge Discovery Using Geographic Visualization." Information Visualization 1, no. 1 (2002): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500007.

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In the modern computing context, the map is no longer just a final product. Maps are now being used in a fundamentally different way – as a self-directed tool for deriving the desired information from geographic data. This, along with developments in GIScience and computer graphics, have led to the new field of geographic visualization. A central issue is how to design visualization capabilities that, as a process, facilitate creative thinking for discovering previously new information from large databases. The authors propose the term ‘geobrowsing’ to designate this process. A number of interrelated ways that visualization can be used to spark the imagination in order to derive new insights are discussed and a brief example provided. Based upon the cognitive literature, specific properties of a visual image that promote discovery and insight are discussed. These are known as preinventive properties, and include; novelty, incongruence, abstraction, and ambiguity. All of these properties, either individually or in combination, tend to produce features that are unanticipated by the viewer, and often not explicitly created or anticipated by the person generating the visual display. While traditional (i.e. non-computer generated) images can also possess these properties, as shown in the historical examples in this discussion, it is the capability of the viewer to directly and quickly manipulate these properties that provides the real power of ‘geobrowsing’ for uncovering new insights.
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Peuquet, Donna J., and Menno-Jan Kraak. "Geobrowsing: creative thinking and knowledge discovery using geographic visualization." Information Visualization 1, no. 1 (2002): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave/ivs/9500007.

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3

Mennis, Jeremy, and Diansheng Guo. "Spatial data mining and geographic knowledge discovery—An introduction." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 33, no. 6 (2009): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2009.11.001.

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4

Mennis, Jeremy, and Donna J. Peuquet. "The Role of Knowledge Representation in Geographic Knowledge Discovery: A Case Study." Transactions in GIS 7, no. 3 (2003): 371–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9671.00151.

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Guo, Diansheng, Mark Gahegan, Alan M. MacEachren, and Biliang Zhou. "Multivariate Analysis and Geovisualization with an Integrated Geographic Knowledge Discovery Approach." Cartography and Geographic Information Science 32, no. 2 (2005): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/1523040053722150.

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Lee, Ickjai, and Christopher Torpelund-Bruin. "Geographic knowledge discovery from Web Map segmentation through generalized Voronoi diagrams." Expert Systems with Applications 39, no. 10 (2012): 9376–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.02.129.

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Gahegan, Mark, Monica Wachowicz, Mark Harrower, and Theresa-Marie Rhyne. "The Integration of Geographic Visualization with Knowledge Discovery in Databases and Geocomputation." Cartography and Geographic Information Science 28, no. 1 (2001): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304001782173952.

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Janowicz, Krzysztof, Song Gao, Grant McKenzie, Yingjie Hu, and Budhendra Bhaduri. "GeoAI: spatially explicit artificial intelligence techniques for geographic knowledge discovery and beyond." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 34, no. 4 (2019): 625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2019.1684500.

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Ganapathy, Jayanthi, and Uma V. "Reasoning Temporally Attributed Spatial Entity Knowledge Towards Qualitative Inference of Geographic Process." International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies 15, no. 2 (2019): 32–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiit.2019040103.

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Knowledge discovery with geo-spatial information processing is of prime importance in geomorphology. The temporal characteristics of evolving geographic features result in geo-spatial events that occur at a specific geographic location. Those events when consecutively occur result in a geo-spatial process that causes a phenomenal change over the period of time. Event and process are essential constituents in geo-spatial dynamism. The geo-spatial data acquired by remote sensing technology is the source of input for knowledge discovery of geographic features. This article performs qualitative inference of geographic process by identifying events causing geo-spatial deformation over time. The evolving geographic features and their types have association with spatial and temporal factors. Event calculus-based spatial knowledge formalism allows reasoning over intervals of time. Hence, representation of Event Attributed Spatial Entity (EASE) Knowledge is proposed. Logical event-based queries are evaluated on the formal representation of EASE Knowledge Base. Event-based queries are executed on the proposed knowledge base and when experimented on, real data sets yielded comprehensive results. Further, the significance of EASE-based spatio-temporal reasoning is proved by evaluating with respect to query processing time and accuracy. The enhancement of EASE with a direction for further development to explore its significance towards prediction is discussed towards the end.
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Karl, Jason W. "Mining location information from life- and earth-sciences studies to facilitate knowledge discovery." Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 51, no. 4 (2018): 1007–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961000618759413.

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Location information in published studies represents an untapped resource for literature discovery, applicable to a range of domains. The ability to easily discover scientific articles from specific places, nearby locales, or similar (but geographically separate) areas worldwide is important for advancing science and addressing global sustainability challenges. However, the thematic and not geographic nature of current search tools makes location-based searches challenging and inefficient. Manually geolocating studies is labor intensive, and place-name recognition algorithms have performed poorly due to prevalence of irrelevant place names in scientific articles. These challenges have hindered past efforts to create map-based literature search tools. Thus, automated approaches are needed to sustain article georeferencing efforts. Common pattern-matching algorithms (parsers) can be used to identify and extract geographic coordinates from the text of published articles. Pattern-matching algorithms (geoparsers) were developed using regular expressions and lexical parsing and tested their performance against sets of full-text articles from multiple journals that were manually scanned for coordinates. Both geoparsers performed well at recognizing and extracting coordinates from articles with accuracy ranging from 85.1% to 100%, and the lexical geoparser performing marginally better. Omission errors (i.e. missed coordinates) were 0% to 14.9% for the regular expression geoparser and 0% to 10.3% for the lexical geoparser. Only a single commission error (i.e. erroneous coordinate) was encountered with the lexical geoparser. The ability to automatically identify and extract location information from published studies opens new possibilities for transforming scientific literature discovery and supporting novel research.
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Tempelmeier, Nicolas, and Elena Demidova. "Linking OpenStreetMap with knowledge graphs — Link discovery for schema-agnostic volunteered geographic information." Future Generation Computer Systems 116 (March 2021): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2020.11.003.

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Hou, Zhi-Wei, Cheng-Zhi Qin, A.-Xing Zhu, Peng Liang, Yi-Jie Wang, and Yun-Qiang Zhu. "From Manual to Intelligent: A Review of Input Data Preparation Methods for Geographic Modeling." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 9 (2019): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8090376.

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One of the key concerns in geographic modeling is the preparation of input data that are sufficient and appropriate for models. This requires considerable time, effort, and expertise since geographic models and their application contexts are complex and diverse. Moreover, both data and data pre-processing tools are multi-source, heterogeneous, and sometimes unavailable for a specific application context. The traditional method of manually preparing input data cannot effectively support geographic modeling, especially for complex integrated models and non-expert users. Therefore, effective methods are urgently needed that are not only able to prepare appropriate input data for models but are also easy to use. In this review paper, we first analyze the factors that influence data preparation and discuss the three corresponding key tasks that should be accomplished when developing input data preparation methods for geographic models. Then, existing input data preparation methods for geographic models are discussed through classifying into three categories: manual, (semi-)automatic, and intelligent (i.e., not only (semi-)automatic but also adaptive to application context) methods. Supported by the adoption of knowledge representation and reasoning techniques, the state-of-the-art methods in this field point to intelligent input data preparation for geographic models, which includes knowledge-supported discovery and chaining of data pre-processing functionalities, knowledge-driven (semi-)automatic workflow building (or service composition in the context of geographic web services) of data preprocessing, and artificial intelligent planning-based service composition as well as their parameter-settings. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and future research directions from the following aspects: Sharing and reusing of model data and workflows, integration of data discovery and processing functionalities, task-oriented input data preparation methods, and construction of knowledge bases for geographic modeling, all assisting with the development of an easy-to-use geographic modeling environment with intelligent input data preparation.
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Liu, Xinyi, Qunying Huang, Song Gao, and Jizhe Xia. "Activity knowledge discovery: Detecting collective and individual activities with digital footprints and open source geographic data." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 85 (January 2021): 101551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2020.101551.

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Lee, Chung-Hong, and Shih-Hao Wang. "An information fusion approach to integrate image annotation and text mining methods for geographic knowledge discovery." Expert Systems with Applications 39, no. 10 (2012): 8954–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.02.028.

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15

Edie, Stewart M., Peter D. Smits, and David Jablonski. "Probabilistic models of species discovery and biodiversity comparisons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 14 (2017): 3666–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616355114.

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Inferring large-scale processes that drive biodiversity hinges on understanding the phylogenetic and spatial pattern of species richness. However, clades and geographic regions are accumulating newly described species at an uneven rate, potentially affecting the stability of currently observed diversity patterns. Here, we present a probabilistic model of species discovery to assess the uncertainty in diversity levels among clades and regions. We use a Bayesian time series regression to estimate the long-term trend in the rate of species description for marine bivalves and find a distinct spatial bias in the accumulation of new species. Despite these biases, probabilistic estimates of future species richness show considerable stability in the currently observed rank order of regional diversity. However, absolute differences in richness are still likely to change, potentially modifying the correlation between species numbers and geographic, environmental, and biological factors thought to promote biodiversity. Applied to scallops and related clades, we find that accumulating knowledge of deep-sea species will likely shift the relative richness of these three families, emphasizing the need to consider the incomplete nature of bivalve taxonomy in quantitative studies of its diversity. Along with estimating expected changes to observed patterns of diversity, the model described in this paper pinpoints geographic areas and clades most urgently requiring additional systematic study—an important practice for building more complete and accurate models of biodiversity dynamics that can inform ecological and evolutionary theory and improve conservation practice.
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Trasarti, Roberto, Fosca Giannotti, Mirco Nanni, Dino Pedreschi, and Chiara Renso. "A Query Language for Mobility Data Mining." International Journal of Data Warehousing and Mining 7, no. 1 (2011): 24–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdwm.2011010102.

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The technologies of mobile communications and ubiquitous computing pervade society. Wireless networks sense the movement of people and vehicles, generating large volumes of mobility data, such as mobile phone call records and GPS tracks. This data can produce useful knowledge, supporting sustainable mobility and intelligent transportation systems, provided that a suitable knowledge discovery process is enacted for mining this mobility data. In this paper, the authors examine a formal framework, and the associated implementation, for a data mining query language for mobility data, created as a result of a European-wide research project called GeoPKDD (Geographic Privacy-Aware Knowledge Discovery and Delivery). The authors discuss how the system provides comprehensive support for the Mobility Knowledge Discovery process and illustrate its analytical power in unveiling the complexity of urban mobility in a large metropolitan area, based on a massive real life GPS dataset.
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Gao, Song, Shawn Newsam, Liang Zhao, et al. "GeoAI 2019 workshop report: The 3nd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on GeoAI: AI for Geographic Knowledge Discovery." SIGSPATIAL Special 11, no. 3 (2020): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3383653.3383662.

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ΣΙΔΗΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, Γεώργιος, and Δημήτριος ΚΑΛΠΑΚΗΣ. "The Mountains of the Moon: A puzzle of the Ptolemaic Geography." BYZANTINA SYMMEIKTA 24, no. 1 (2014): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/byzsym.1131.

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The quest for the sources of the Nile had been -already since the antiquity- a major issue regarding the exploration of Africa by both locals and foreigners. This makes no surprise, if the importance of the river is taken into account, not only from a strictly economical point of view but also from a political, historical and cultural one. Since Ptolemy introduced the Mountains of the Moon, the whole issue got a more stable basis; the quest had a specific aim from then on. Those mountains, either existing or product of a false translation tantalized the researchers for ages. On the other hand, the difficulties of such a risky expedition helped the Ptolemaic authority remain unchanged within the cartographic depictions long after the Age of Discovery. This paper aims only to outline the framework of this great issue, highlighting also a few points and proposing answers to questions which, though not of high priority, are really important: Did Ptolemy himself have first-hand geographic knowledge of that area? Did the ancient people of that part of Africa have adequate knowledge of such a complicated hydrological phenomenon? Was the Ptolemaic text in its original form when Planoudis discovered it, or had it got updated with fresh geographic knowledge through the ages?
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19

Tsou, Ming-Cheng. "Discovering Knowledge from AIS Database for Application in VTS." Journal of Navigation 63, no. 3 (2010): 449–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463310000135.

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The widespread use of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has had a significant impact on maritime technology. AIS enables the Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) not only to offer commonly known functions such as identification, tracking and monitoring of vessels, but also to provide rich real-time information that is useful for marine traffic investigation, statistical analysis and theoretical research. However, due to the rapid accumulation of AIS observation data, the VTS platform is often unable quickly and effectively to absorb and analyze it. Traditional observation and analysis methods are becoming less suitable for the modern AIS generation of VTS. In view of this, we applied the same data mining technique used for business intelligence discovery (in Customer Relation Management (CRM) business marketing) to the analysis of AIS observation data. This recasts the marine traffic problem as a business-marketing problem and integrates technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), database management systems, data warehousing and data mining to facilitate the discovery of hidden and valuable information in a huge amount of observation data. Consequently, this provides the marine traffic managers with a useful strategic planning resource.
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Truchado, Daniel A., Alejandro Llanos-Garrido, David A. Oropesa-Olmedo, et al. "Comparative Metagenomics of Palearctic and Neotropical Avian Cloacal Viromes Reveal Geographic Bias in Virus Discovery." Microorganisms 8, no. 12 (2020): 1869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121869.

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Our understanding about viruses carried by wild animals is still scarce. The viral diversity of wildlife may be best described with discovery-driven approaches to the study of viral diversity that broaden research efforts towards non-canonical hosts and remote geographic regions. Birds have been key organisms in the transmission of viruses causing important diseases, and wild birds are threatened by viral spillovers associated with human activities. However, our knowledge of the avian virome may be biased towards poultry and highly pathogenic diseases. We describe and compare the fecal virome of two passerine-dominated bird assemblages sampled in a remote Neotropical rainforest in French Guiana (Nouragues Natural Reserve) and a Mediterranean forest in central Spain (La Herrería). We used metagenomic data to quantify the degree of functional and genetic novelty of viruses recovered by examining if the similarity of the contigs we obtained to reference sequences differed between both locations. In general, contigs from Nouragues were significantly less similar to viruses in databases than contigs from La Herrería using Blastn but not for Blastx, suggesting that pristine regions harbor a yet unknown viral diversity with genetically more singular viruses than more studied areas. Additionally, we describe putative novel viruses of the families Picornaviridae, Reoviridae and Hepeviridae. These results highlight the importance of wild animals and remote regions as sources of novel viruses that substantially broaden the current knowledge of the global diversity of viruses.
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Wang, Mingshu, and Lan Mu. "What geomorphological characteristics accommodate emergent herbaceous wetlands in North Georgia? – geographic knowledge discovery from the NLCD and DEM." Annals of GIS 20, no. 3 (2014): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2014.942364.

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Khan, Zulfiqar Ali, Israr Ullah, Muhammad Ibrahim, Muhammad Fayaz, Ayman Aljarbouh, and Muhammad Shuaib Qureshi. "Virtualization Based Efficient Service Matching and Discovery in Internet of Things." Electronics 9, no. 6 (2020): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9061007.

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Internet of Things (IoT) is getting more popular day by day, which triggers its adoption for solving domain specific problems. Cities are becoming smart by gathering the context knowledge through sensors and controlling specific parameters through actuators. Dynamically discovering and integrating different data streams from different sensors is a major challenge these days. In this paper, a service matchmaking algorithm is presented for service discovery utilizing IoT devices and services in a particular geographic area. It helps us to identify services based on a variety of parameters (location, query size and processing time, etc.). Customization of service selection and discovery are also explored. The conceptual framework is provided for the proposed model along with a matchmaking algorithm based on IoT devices virtualization. The simulation results elaborate the increased complexity of processing time with respect to the increasing pool of available services. The average processing time varies as the number of conditions are multiplied. Query size and complexity increases with additional number of filters and conditions which results in the reduction of the number of matching services. Moreover, upon decreasing the radius of geographic search area, the number of candidate services decreases for service matching algorithm. This is based on the assumption that IoT devices and services are evenly distributed in a given geographic area. Similarly, the remaining energy of IoT devices is also assumed to be uniformly distributed and, therefore, if we are interested in IoT devices or services with more residual energy, then a limited number of IoT devices or services will fulfill this criterion.
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Sharma, Arvind, R. K. Gupta, and Akhilesh Tiwari. "Improved Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications of Noise Clustering Algorithm for Knowledge Discovery in Spatial Data." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1564516.

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There are many techniques available in the field of data mining and its subfield spatial data mining is to understand relationships between data objects. Data objects related with spatial features are called spatial databases. These relationships can be used for prediction and trend detection between spatial and nonspatial objects for social and scientific reasons. A huge data set may be collected from different sources as satellite images, X-rays, medical images, traffic cameras, and GIS system. To handle this large amount of data and set relationship between them in a certain manner with certain results is our primary purpose of this paper. This paper gives a complete process to understand how spatial data is different from other kinds of data sets and how it is refined to apply to get useful results and set trends to predict geographic information system and spatial data mining process. In this paper a new improved algorithm for clustering is designed because role of clustering is very indispensable in spatial data mining process. Clustering methods are useful in various fields of human life such as GIS (Geographic Information System), GPS (Global Positioning System), weather forecasting, air traffic controller, water treatment, area selection, cost estimation, planning of rural and urban areas, remote sensing, and VLSI designing. This paper presents study of various clustering methods and algorithms and an improved algorithm of DBSCAN as IDBSCAN (Improved Density Based Spatial Clustering of Application of Noise). The algorithm is designed by addition of some important attributes which are responsible for generation of better clusters from existing data sets in comparison of other methods.
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Bai, Li, Fu Zhang Wang, and Ming Zhang. "Application of Geographic Information System (GIS) in Urban Rail Transit Construction Safety and Operation Monitoring." Applied Mechanics and Materials 743 (March 2015): 692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.743.692.

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With the construction and development of urban rail transit, Geographic Information System (GIS), a high performance computer based tool is playing a critical role in research and application of the integrated information management. Through the characteristic analysis of the urban rail transit construction situation and operation status, the paper establishes different geographic information data layers including subway lines, stations, construction schedule, quality risk, operating system and emergency resources. Then, it applies the GIS software and service to realize data display, query and analysis with the corresponding data system, knowledge discovery, and algorithm model. Besides, the paper particularly describes the function application cases of GIS technology in many aspects of urban rail transit, which shows that it can improve the management level and safety quality in different stages.
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Suess, Hans E. "Secular Variations of Cosmogenic 14C on Earth: Their Discovery and Interpretation." Radiocarbon 28, no. 2A (1986): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200007359.

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Measurement of 14C in samples of wood of precisely known age have shown that the cosmogenic 14C content of the CO2 in the atmosphere has not remained constant during the period of time covered by radiocarbon dating. As the terrestrial atmosphere mixes with a time constant of less than 3 years, these variations must be essentially independent of geographic location. The 14C in atmospheric CO2 must be a quantity that, at a given time, pertains to the terrestrial atmosphere as a whole. Not only is its knowledge necessary for deriving accurate radiocarbon dates, but it is also valuable in connection with many geophysical and astrophysical problems. Unfortunately, progress in our knowledge of 14C variations in the terrestrial atmosphere has been delayed by hidden experimental errors in results obtained by many laboratories. By rigorous statistical analysis of the La Jolla results, it is now possible to show that the 14C variations are not simple random fluctuations but show distinct regularities. Similar patterns of variations have been found in the growth rate of trees during the last 5000 years. Measurements of radiogenic 10Be currently being done by European workers promise to conclusively elucidate the 14C findings.
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Mao, Huina, Yingjie Hu, Bandana Kar, Song Gao, and Grant McKenzie. "GeoAI 2017 workshop report: the 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on GeoAI: @AI and Deep Learning for Geographic Knowledge Discovery." SIGSPATIAL Special 9, no. 3 (2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3178392.3178408.

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27

Guo, Diansheng, and Jeremy Mennis. "Erratum to “Spatial data mining and geographic knowledge discovery – An introduction” [Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 33 (2009) 403–408]." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 34, no. 2 (2010): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2010.02.003.

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Escamilla, Imelda, Miguel Torres-Ruiz, Marco Moreno-Ibarra, Rolando Quintero, Giovanni Guzmán, and Vladimir Luna-Soto. "Geocoding Tweets Approach Based on Conceptual Representations in the Context of the Knowledge Society." International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 12, no. 1 (2016): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijswis.2016010103.

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In this paper, an approach to geocode tweets published in Spanish is proposed. The tweets are related to traffic events within an urban context of the Mexico City. They are generated by a particular phenomenon for knowing the behavior of the involved geographic entities. In order to disambiguate and verify the consistency of information, an application ontology was defined. Thus, the core goal is to identify location as well as spatial relationships between entities presented in the events, using semantic and spatial analysis of the collected dataset. In consequence, a visualization method for presenting the results was also proposed. The paper describes the methodology for enabling the discovery of spatial patterns within traffic tweets and provides useful information to make timely decisions and contribute in the context of Knowledge Society.
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Davis, Dylan S. "Geographic Disparity in Machine Intelligence Approaches for Archaeological Remote Sensing Research." Remote Sensing 12, no. 6 (2020): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12060921.

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A vast majority of the archaeological record, globally, is understudied and increasingly threatened by climate change, economic and political instability, and violent conflict. Archaeological data are crucial for understanding the past, and as such, documentation of this information is imperative. The development of machine intelligence approaches (including machine learning, artificial intelligence, and other automated processes) has resulted in massive gains in archaeological knowledge, as such computational methods have expedited the rate of archaeological survey and discovery via remote sensing instruments. Nevertheless, the progression of automated computational approaches is limited by distinct geographic imbalances in where these techniques are developed and applied. Here, I investigate the degree of this disparity and some potential reasons for this imbalance. Analyses from Web of Science and Microsoft Academic searches reveal that there is a substantial difference between the Global North and South in the output of machine intelligence remote sensing archaeology literature. There are also regional imbalances. I argue that one solution is to increase collaborations between research institutions in addition to data sharing efforts.
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Nagaraj, Abhishek, and Scott Stern. "The Economics of Maps." Journal of Economic Perspectives 34, no. 1 (2020): 196–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.34.1.196.

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For centuries, maps have codified the extent of human geographic knowledge and shaped discovery and economic decision-making. Economists across many fields, including urban economics, public finance, political economy, and economic geography, have long employed maps, yet have largely abstracted away from exploring the economic determinants and consequences of maps as a subject of independent study. In this essay, we first review and unify recent literature in a variety of different fields that highlights the economic and social consequences of maps, along with an overview of the modern geospatial industry. We then outline our economic framework in which a given map is the result of economic choices around map data and designs, resulting in variations in private and social returns to mapmaking. We highlight five important economic and institutional factors shaping mapmakers’ data and design choices. Our essay ends by proposing that economists pay more attention to the endogeneity of mapmaking and the resulting consequences for economic and social welfare.
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Gallagher, James, and Christopher M. Smith. "Market basket applications on short web links." International Journal of Market Research 62, no. 2 (2019): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470785318818408.

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Market research is an indispensable part of an organization’s ability to understand market dynamics. Over the past 20 years, data collection and analysis through Knowledge Discovery through Databases (KDD) has arisen to supplement the traditional methods of surveys and focus groups. Market Basket Analysis is a discipline of KDD that identifies associations between commonly purchased items. As social media use has grown, link shortening companies help users share links in a constrained space environment and, in exchange, collect data about each user when a link is clicked. This research applies market basket analysis techniques with graph mining to shortened web link data to identify communities of co-visited websites to help analysts better understand web traffic for a geographic area during a time range. Patterns within clusters of web domains regarding hardware platforms, operating systems, or referral sources are then identified and used to gain a better understanding of a geographic area.
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32

Li, H., W. Huang, Z. Zha, and J. Yang. "APPLICATION AND PLATFORM DESIGN OF GEOSPATIAL BIG DATA." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2021 (June 30, 2021): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2021-293-2021.

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Abstract. With the wide application of Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things in geographic information technology and industry, geospatial big data arises at the historic moment. In addition to the traditional "5V" characteristics of big data, which are Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity and Valuable, geospatial big data also has the characteristics of "Location Attribute". At present, the study of geospatial big data are mainly concentrated in: knowledge mining and discovery of geospatial data, Spatiotemporal big data mining, the impact of geospatial big data on visualization, social perception and smart city, geospatial big data services for government decision-making support four aspects. Based on the connotation and extension of geospatial big data, this paper comprehensively defines geospatial big data comprehensively. The application of geospatial big data in location visualization, industrial thematic geographic information comprehensive service and geographic data science and knowledge service is introduced in detail. Furthermore, the key technologies and design indicators of the National Geospatial Big Data Platform are elaborated from the perspectives of infrastructure, functional requirements and non-functional requirements, and the design and application of the National Geospatial Public Service Big Data Platform are illustrated. The challenges and opportunities of geospatial big data are discussed from the perspectives of open resource sharing, management decision support and data security. Finally, the development trend and direction of geospatial big data are summarized and prospected, so as to build a high-quality geospatial big data platform and play a greater role in social public application services and administrative management decision-making.
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Pal, Parashu Ram, Pankaj Pathak, and Shkurte Luma-Osmani. "IHAC: Incorporating Heuristics for Efficient Rule Generation & Rule Selection in Associative Classification." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 20, no. 01 (2021): 2150010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649221500106.

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Associations rule mining along with classification rule mining are both significant techniques of mining of knowledge in the area of knowledge discovery in massive databases stored in different geographic locations of the world. Based on such combination of these two, class association rules for mining or associative classification methods have been generated, which, in far too many cases, showed higher prediction accuracy than platitudinous conventional classifiers. Motivated by the study, in this paper, we proposed a new approach, namely IHAC (Incorporating Heuristics for efficient rule generation & rule selection in Associative Classification). First, it utilises the database to decrease the search space and then explicitly explores the potent class association rules from the optimised database. This also blends rule generation and classifier building to speed up the overall classifier construction cycle. Experimental findings showed that IHAC performs better than any further associative classification methods.
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Riehl, Torben, Anne-Cathrin Wölfl, Nico Augustin, Colin W. Devey, and Angelika Brandt. "Discovery of widely available abyssal rock patches reveals overlooked habitat type and prompts rethinking deep-sea biodiversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 27 (2020): 15450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920706117.

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Habitat heterogeneity and species diversity are often linked. On the deep seafloor, sediment variability and hard-substrate availability influence geographic patterns of species richness and turnover. The assumption of a generally homogeneous, sedimented abyssal seafloor is at odds with the fact that the faunal diversity in some abyssal regions exceeds that of shallow-water environments. Here we show, using a ground-truthed analysis of multibeam sonar data, that the deep seafloor may be much rockier than previously assumed. A combination of bathymetry data, ruggedness, and backscatter from a trans-Atlantic corridor along the Vema Fracture Zone, covering crustal ages from 0 to 100 Ma, show rock exposures occurring at all crustal ages. Extrapolating to the whole Atlantic, over 260,000 km2of rock habitats potentially occur along Atlantic fracture zones alone, significantly increasing our knowledge about abyssal habitat heterogeneity. This implies that sampling campaigns need to be considerably more sophisticated than at present to capture the full deep-sea habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity.
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Tobón, Carolina, Elizabeth Burton, Martin Dodge, and Hugh Clout. "Reviews: Geographic Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, Sustainable Communities in Europe, Technospaces: Inside the New Media, the Boulevard Book: History, Evolution, Design of Multiway Boulevards." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 29, no. 6 (2002): 933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b2906rvw.

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Chuprikova, Ekaterina, Lukas Liebel, and Liqiu Meng. "Towards Seamless Validation of Land Cover Data." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-23-2018.

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This article demonstrates the ability of the Bayesian Network analysis for the recognition of uncertainty patterns associated with the fusion of various land cover data sets including GlobeLand30, CORINE (CLC2006, Germany) and land cover data derived from Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) such as Open Street Map (OSM). The results of recognition are expressed as probability and uncertainty maps which can be regarded as a by-product of the GlobeLand30 data. The uncertainty information may guide the quality improvement of GlobeLand30 by involving the ground truth data, information with superior quality, the know-how of experts and the crowd intelligence. Such an endeavor aims to pave a way towards a seamless validation of global land cover data on the one hand and a targeted knowledge discovery in areas with higher uncertainty values on the other hand.
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MANCONI, RENATA, and ROBERTO PRONZATO. "The genus Corvospongilla Annandale, 1911 (Porifera: Demospongiae: Spongillida) from Madagascar freshwater with description of a new species: biogeographic and evolutionary aspects." Zootaxa 4612, no. 4 (2019): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4612.4.6.

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We report here the first record of five genera of Spongillida (Porifera, Demospongiae) in both lentic and lotic water of Madagascar and the discovery of a new species of the genus Corvospongilla from the Betsiboka River hydrographic basin. Corvospongilla lemuriensis sp. n. diverges from all the other known species of the genus in its unique combination of diagnostic morphotraits (a) sessile gemmules with chambered pneumatic layer within tri-layered theca and enveloped by spicular cage of dominant acanthostrongyles, (b) dominant acanthostrongyles and less frequent acanthoxeas-strongyloxeas as megascleres and gemmuloscleres. The new species is characterised by the exclusive presence of a well-developed pneumatic layer in sessile gemmules not described for the genus until now. The new record confirms a Gondwanian track for the genus Corvospongilla and increases the knowledge on Spongillida historical biogeography. In synthesis the present discovery of Corvospongilla in the Malagasy biogeographic province (a) contributes to the assessment of Afrotropical biodiversity, (b) enlarges the geographic range of the genus reducing its disjunct distribution, and (c) focus on the evolutionary history of adaptive morphofunctional traits of resting bodies and life cycle timing in ephemeral water of the south-eastern Austral hemisphere.
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Janvilisri, Tavan. "Omics-Based Identification of Biomarkers for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma." Disease Markers 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/762128.

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a head and neck cancer that is highly found in distinct geographic areas, such as Southeast Asia. The management of NPC remains burdensome as the prognosis is poor due to the late presentation of the disease and the complex nature of NPC pathogenesis. Therefore, it is necessary to find effective molecular markers for early detection and therapeutic measure of NPC. In this paper, the discovery of molecular biomarker for NPC through the emerging omics technologies including genomics, miRNA-omics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics will be extensively reviewed. These markers have been shown to play roles in various cellular pathways in NPC progression. The knowledge on their function will help us understand in more detail the complexity in tumor biology, leading to the better strategies for early detection, outcome prediction, detection of disease recurrence, and therapeutic approach.
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Cheng, X., Z. Gui, K. Hu, S. Gao, P. Shen, and H. Wu. "A CLOUD-BASED PLATFORM SUPPORTING GEOSPATIAL COLLABORATION FOR GIS EDUCATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-6/W1 (May 27, 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-6-w1-1-2015.

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GIS-related education needs support of geo-data and geospatial software. Although there are large amount of geographic information resources distributed on the web, the discovery, process and integration of these resources are still unsolved. Researchers and teachers always searched geo-data by common search engines but results were not satisfied. They also spent much money and energy on purchase and maintenance of various kinds of geospatial software. Aimed at these problems, a cloud-based geospatial collaboration platform called GeoSquare was designed and implemented. The platform serves as a geoportal encouraging geospatial data, information, and knowledge sharing through highly interactive and expressive graphic interfaces. Researchers and teachers can solve their problems effectively in this one-stop solution. Functions, specific design and implementation details are presented in this paper. Site of GeoSquare is: <a href="http://geosquare.tianditu.com/" target="_blank">http://geosquare.tianditu.com/</a>
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Harris, Carol E., and Barbara G. Barter. "Pedagogies That Explore Food Practices: Resetting the Table for Improved Eco-Justice." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 31, no. 1 (2015): 12–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2015.12.

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AbstractAs health threats appear with increasing regularity in our food systems and other food crises loom worldwide, we look to rural areas to provide local and nutritious foods. Educationally, we seek approaches to food studies that engage students and their communities and, ultimately, lead to positive action. Yet food studies receive only generic coverage and tangential attention within existing curricula. This article, reporting a pilot study located at Canada's geographic and cultural edge, focuses on local knowledge about past and present food practices. Objectives are to test pedagogies that bring all students greater opportunities for engagement and learning about their physical environment and food history, and that can be applied to rural and, with modifications, urban settings. Three critical, place-base pedagogical approaches — experiential, discovery and arts-based — to classroom teaching and learning are discussed, as well as implications for educational leadership, teacher training and curriculum development.
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Huabin, Wang, Liu Gangjun, Xu Weiya, and Wang Gonghui. "GIS-based landslide hazard assessment: an overview." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 29, no. 4 (2005): 548–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133305pp462ra.

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In recent years, landslide hazard assessment has played an important role in developing land utilization regulations aimed at minimizing the loss of lives and damage to property. A variety of approaches has been used in landslide assessment and these can be classified into qualitative factor overlay, statistical models, geotechnical process models, etc. However, there is little work on the satisfactory integration of these models with geographic information systems (GIS) to support slope management and landslide hazard mitigation. This paper deals with several aspects of landslide hazard assessment by presenting a focused review of GIS-based landslide hazard assessment: it starts with a framework for GIS-based assessment of landslide hazard; continues with a critical review of the state of the art in using GIS and digital elevation models (DEM) for mapping and modelling landslide hazards; and concludes with a description of an integrated system for effective landslide hazard assessment and zonation incorporating artificial intelligence and data mining technology in a GIS-based framework of knowledge discovery.
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LI, Xia. "Knowledge discovery for geographical cellular automata." Science in China Series D 48, no. 10 (2005): 1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/01yd0368.

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43

Anastopoulou, N., M. Kavouras, M. Kokla, and E. Tomai. "CONCEPTS – LOCATIONS – EMOTIONS: SEMANTIC ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE TEXTS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2021 (June 30, 2021): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2021-31-2021.

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Abstract. Research on knowledge discovery in the geospatial domain currently focuses on semi-structured, even on unstructured rather than fully structured content. The attention has been put on the plethora of resources on the Web, such as html pages, news articles, blogs, social media etc. Semantic information extraction in geospatial-oriented approaches is further used for semantic analysis, search, and retrieval. The aim of this paper is to extract, analyse and visualize geospatial semantic information and emotions from texts on climate change. A collection of articles on climate change is used to demonstrate the developed approach. These articles describe environmental and socio-economic dimensions of climate change across the Earth, and include a wealth of information related to environmental concepts and geographic locations affected by it. The results are analysed in order to understand which specific human emotions are associated with environmental concepts and/or locations, as well as which environmental terms are linked to locations. For the better understanding of the above-mentioned information, semantic networks are used as a powerful visualization tool of the links among concepts – locations – emotions.
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Izdebska, Joanna N., and Leszek Rolbiecki. "The Biodiversity of Demodecid Mites (Acariformes: Prostigmata), Specific Parasites of Mammals with a Global Checklist and a New Finding for Demodex sciurinus." Diversity 12, no. 7 (2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12070261.

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Demodecidae are the most specialized parasitic mites of mammals; they typically inhabit the skin, but they have been found in other tissues and organs. They can cause demodecosis (a disease which is hazardous and difficult to cure) in humans, domestic animals and livestock. They are parasites with high host and topical specificity. They have been found for most orders of mammals, and they are common in the populations of numerous host species. Therefore, they not only constitute an important subject of veterinary and medical study, but also comprise an excellent model for faunistic and parasitological analyses concerning different aspects of functioning and evolution of the host–parasite relationship. The current level or knowledge of demodecid mites is irregular and fragmentary, and numerous questions require elaboration and ordering, from the taxonomic diversity to geographic distribution and relations with hosts. Such data may be of use i.a. for the development of more efficient and reliable diagnostic methods, as well as understanding the etiology and pathogenesis mechanisms of demodecosis, currently a contentious issue. The present paper lists all formally-described valid species of demodecid mites, together with other functioning specific names, verified and with comments on their status. This is significant for correct species identification and demodecosis diagnostics. The list has been drawn up on the basis of data acquired in the period 1842−2020. It contains 122 valid species of parasite, including their hosts and geographic distribution, data on parasitism, as well as only the second record of Demodex sciurinus in Eurasian red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris in over 100 years since its initial discovery.
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Osterloh, Anke. "Vaccine Design and Vaccination Strategies against Rickettsiae." Vaccines 9, no. 8 (2021): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080896.

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Rickettsioses are febrile, potentially lethal infectious diseases that are a serious health threat, especially in poor income countries. The causative agents are small obligate intracellular bacteria, rickettsiae. Rickettsial infections are emerging worldwide with increasing incidence and geographic distribution. Nonetheless, these infections are clearly underdiagnosed because methods of diagnosis are still limited and often not available. Another problem is that the bacteria respond to only a few antibiotics, so delayed or wrong antibiotic treatment often leads to a more severe outcome of the disease. In addition to that, the development of antibiotic resistance is a serious threat because alternative antibiotics are missing. For these reasons, prophylactic vaccines against rickettsiae are urgently needed. In the past years, knowledge about protective immunity against rickettsiae and immunogenic determinants has been increasing and provides a basis for vaccine development against these bacterial pathogens. This review provides an overview of experimental vaccination approaches against rickettsial infections and perspectives on vaccination strategies.
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Cannas, Angela, Serena Camassa, Michela Sali, et al. "Genetic Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in the Metropolitan Area of Rome." Chemotherapy 63, no. 3 (2018): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000489860.

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Background: The presence in a geographic area of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains belonging to different phylogeographic lineages and showing different drug susceptibility patterns may suggest recent transmission, with implications in terms of patient clinical management and disease control. The aim of this study was to carry out a preliminary epidemiological investigation of tuberculosis (TB) cases in Rome. Methods: A total of 232 Mtb isolates, collected from new or previously treated patients, admitted between 2008 and 2014 at 2 hospital settings in Rome with a diagnosis of TB, were analyzed by spoligotyping and analyzing 24 variable-number tandem repeats (VNTR) mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit (MIRU) loci. The SITVIT2 database and the MIRU-VNTRplus web applications were used to identify the strain genotypes and to generate phylogenetic trees. Results: Based on the position on the phylogenetic tree, 97.4% of the strains were associated with 1 of the 7 main lineages. The Euro-American lineage was the most commonly represented (81.9%) within both Italian and foreign-born populations, although all main lineages were present. The highest frequency of drug-resistant strains was found among the East-Asian lineage (Beijing genotype) isolated from foreign-born patients. Conclusions: Dynamics of TB transmission in Rome indicate recent spread of Mtb strains belonging to phylogeographic lineages and clades usually found in countries and geographic areas with a high incidence of TB, similarly to what is observed in most metropolitan areas in Western Europe. Knowledge from molecular and classical epidemiology provides an important tool for disease control.
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Lanés, Luis Esteban Krause, Ândrio Cardozo Gonçalves, and Matheus Vieira Volcan. "Discovery of endangered annual killifish Austrolebias cheradophilus (Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae) in Brazil, with comments on habitat, population structure and conservation status." Neotropical Ichthyology 12, no. 1 (2014): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252014000100012.

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Austrolebias genus comprises about 40 small annual killifishes endemic to South America and their highest diversity occurs in southern Brazil and Uruguay, especially in drainages of Patos-Mirim system. Austrolebiasspecies are severely threatened with extinction because their life cycle and restricted ranges. Low dispersal ability and the extensive loss and fragmentation of freshwater wetlands contribute to this threat. Accurate information on the geographic distribution and ecology of the species, vital to plan conservation and management strategies, are scarce. In order to provide basic knowledge for annual fish conservation this paper reports the presence of Austrolebias cheradophilus and present data about its population structure (CPUA, size, sex ratio, length-weight relationships and condition factor) and conservation status in southern Brazil. The estimated CPUA of populations was 0.86 fish/m2. Standard length (SL) of males ranged between 32.14 and 49.17 mm and for females between 25.11 and 41.6 mm. There were no differences in SL between the sexes (t-test = - 1.678; P = 0.105), and Chi-squared test demonstrated marginal differences in proportions of sexes (2.25:1; χ2 = 3.846; P= 0.07). Allometric coefficient of the LWR was slightly hyperallometric (b = 3.08) and K of the specimens ranged from 1.84 to 2.42 (mean ± S.E. = 2.12 ± 0.04). Populations have low density and their biotopes are under critical threat, mainly due to suppression by agriculture, pastures for livestock and increase housing. The species is considered "Critically Endangered" in Brazil, furthermore is strongly recommended its inclusion on lists of endangered fauna and ensures the protection of their remaining habitats.
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Sboui, Tarek, Mehrdad Salehi, and Yvan Bédard. "A Systematic Approach for Managing the Risk Related to Semantic Interoperability between Geospatial Datacubes." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 1, no. 2 (2010): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaeis.2010070102.

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Geospatial datacubes are the database backend of novel types of spatiotemporal decision-support systems employed in large organizations. These datacubes extend the datacube concept underlying the field of Business Intelligence (BI) into the realm of geospatial decision-support and geographic knowledge discovery. The interoperability between geospatial datacubes facilitates the reuse of their content. Such interoperability, however, faces risks of data misinterpretation related to the heterogeneity of geospatial datacubes. Although the interoperability of transactional databases has been the subject of several research works, no research dealing with the interoperability of geospatial datacubes exists. In this paper, the authors support the semantic interoperability between geospatial datacubes and propose a categorization of semantic heterogeneity problems that may occur in geospatial datacubes. Additionally, the authors propose an approach to deal with the related risks of data misinterpretation, which consists of evaluating the fitness-for-use of datacubes models, and a general framework that facilitates making appropriate decisions about such risks. The framework is based on a hierarchical top-down structure going from the most general level to the most detailed level, showing the usefulness of the proposed approach in environmental applications.
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Ausich, William I., and Thomas W. Kammer. "The study of crinoids during the 20th century and the challenges of the 21st century." Journal of Paleontology 75, no. 6 (2001): 1161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000017212.

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Development of a phylogenetic classification has been a primary pursuit of crinoid paleontologists during the 20th century. Wachsmuth and Springer and Bather vigorously debated crinoid classification during the waning years of the 19th century, and although tremendous progress has been made a comprehensive phylogenetic classification is still the primary objective for crinoid research during the early 21st century. Twentieth century crinoid studies are divisible into four periods. The direct influence of Frank Springer and Francis Bather continued until approximately 1925. Descriptive studies dominated the period of 1926–1943 and culminated in a comprehensive classification of Paleozoic crinoids that was a combination of the ideas of Wachsmuth and Springer and Bather. The end of the third period, 1944–1978, was marked by publication of theTreatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. TheTreatisecompilation brought together classification ideas for the entire class into a truly comprehensive classification, although problems remained with the phylogenetic underpinnings of theTreatiseclassification. During the third period, pioneering work on crinoid paleobiology laid the foundation for significant paleobiology advances for the fourth, 1979–1999, period. This last period also witnessed significant advances in the taxonomy of crinoid faunas at critical intervals, the taxonomy of crinoids from new geographic areas, and working toward the solution to the origin and early evolution of the Crinoidea.Continued work on crinoids in the 21st century promises to provide significant advances both for understanding the evolutionary history of crinoids and for understanding the history of epifaunal benthic communities through time. Immediate challenges include completion of a comprehensive phylogenetic classification, which will open the door for evolutionary paleoecologic and paleobiology studies; utilization of computerized morphometric techniques in the analysis of functional morphology; systematic studies of new faunas in critical intervals; discovery of faunas in new geographic areas to better constrain knowledge of crinoid biogeography; and modern systematic revision of classic North American and European faunas.
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Monge-Nájera, Julián. "Onychophorology, the study of velvet worms, historical trends, landmarks, and researchers from 1826 to 2020 (a literature review)." Uniciencia 35, no. 1 (2021): 210–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ru.35-1.13.

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Velvet worms, also known as peripatus or onychophorans, are a phylum of evolutionary importance that has survived all mass extinctions since the Cambrian period. They capture prey with an adhesive net that is formed in a fraction of a second. The first naturalist to formally describe them was Lansdown Guilding (1797-1831), a British priest from the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent. His life is as little known as the history of the field he initiated, Onychophorology. This is the first general history of Onychophorology, which has been divided into half-century periods. The beginning, 1826-1879, was characterized by studies from former students of famous naturalists like Cuvier and von Baer. This generation included Milne-Edwards and Blanchard, and studies were done mostly in France, Britain, and Germany. In the 1880-1929 period, research was concentrated on anatomy, behavior, biogeography, and ecology; and it is in this period when Bouvier published his mammoth monograph. The next half-century, 1930-1979, was important for the discovery of Cambrian species; Vachon’s explanation of how ancient distribution defined the existence of two families; DNA and electron microscopy from Brazil; and primitive attempts at systematics using embryology or isolated anatomical characteristics. Finally, the 1980-2020 period, with research centered in Australia, Brazil, Costa Rica, and Germany, is marked by an evolutionary approach: from body and behavior to geographic distribution; the discovery of how they form their adhesive net; the reconstruction of Cambrian onychophoran communities, the first experimental taphonomy; the first country-wide map of conservation status (in Costa Rica); the first model of why they survive in cities; the discovery of new phenomena like food hiding, parental feeding investment, and ontogenetic diet shift; and the birth of a new research branch, onychophoran ethnobiology. While a few names often appear in the literature, most knowledge was produced by a mass of researchers who entered the field only briefly.
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