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1
Tennessee, State of. "Washington County Geographic Features." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1986. https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/8.
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This Washington County, Tennessee map includes geographic features including streams and mountain peaks, as well man made features such as highways, railroads, communities, and cemeteries. While the publication date is not included, it was received by the Documents, Law and Maps Department in 1986. However, due to the spelling of a few of the landmarks, the actual publication likely predates 1983. Some points of interest include the Veteran's Administration Mountain Home which is now the site of the Quillen College of Medicine and White Rock Ridge located where Buffalo Mountain Park would be established a decade later in 1994.https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1007/thumbnail.jpg
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Perry, Sherry E. "Acquisition of geographic information from television news maps." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51908.
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University students were shown simulated television newscasts and then tested on the news material to see if maps within the newscast aided learning world geographic information. Students were shown one of eight simulated newscasts, of three news stories, Each newscast contained maps, varying in complexity. There were five levels of complexity. One group viewed a simulated newscast with no maps, while other groups viewed simulated newscasts containing maps with 6, 10, or 14 variables per map. A control group saw no newscasts. The order of news story presentation was varied.
Students who viewed one of the newscasts did better than students who did not see one, and the average number of correct answers increased as the maps in the news programs increased in map complexity. However, the group viewing the most complex maps--the 14 variable maps, did not perform better than those who saw the 10-variable maps.Master of Science
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McCombs, John Wayland II. "Geographic Information System Topographic Factor Maps for Wildlife Management." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36865.
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A geographic information system (GIS) was used to create landform measurements and maps for elevation, slope, aspect, landform index, relative phenologic change, and slope position for 3 topographic quadrangles in Virginia. A set of known observation points of the Northern dusky flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) was used to build 3 models to delineate sites with landform characteristics equivalent to those known points. All models were built using squirrel observation points from 2 topographic quadrangles. The first model, called "exclusionary", excluded those pixels with landform characteristics different from the known squirrel pixels based on histogram analyses. Logistic regression was used to create the other 2 models. Each model resulted in an image of pixels considered equivalent to the known squirrel pixels. Each model excluded approximately 65% of the Highland study area, but the exclusionary model excluded the fewest known squirrel pixels (12.62%). Both logistic regression models excluded approximately 10% more known squirrel pixels than the exclusionary approach. The models were tested in the area of a third quadrangle with points known to be occupied by squirrels. After the model was applied to the third topographic quadrangle, the exclusionary model excluded the least amount of full-area pixels (79.30%) and only 14.81% of the known squirrel pixels. The second logistic regression excluded 81.16 % of the full area and no known squirrel pixels. All models proved useful in quickly delineating pixels equivalent to areas where wildlife were known to occur.Master of Science
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Sköld, Anton. "Visualization of Geographic Data in ASP.NET." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166926.
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This paper explores the development and implementation of an in-browser map with the purpose of visualizing large sets of geographic data. The map is implemented into a pre-existing search engine of geographic data. Two mapping frameworks are compared in terms of performance, ease-of-use, and functionality. These frameworks are Leaflet and Google Maps. This paper also explores which issues may arise when implementing these mapping frameworks within a pre-existing ASP.NET project. These aspects were evaluated through performance tests, documentation reading, and compiling experiences gained through implementing the map within the search engine. The experiments show that both Leaflet and Google Maps are viable frameworks to use when developing in-browser maps, but also that they have their pros and cons. Google Maps sports a generally higher level of performance, and a larger set of paid available services. Leaflet is a free, open-source alternative with a large plugin repository, but relies on third-party services for features such as geocoding.
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Sun, Qi Zhou. "From quasi-geographic maps to treemaps: a mental map-preserving transformation." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3950622.
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Klopfer, Scott D. "Insolation, Precipitation, and Moisture Maps for a Virginia Geographic Information System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36915.
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Climate information is valuable in understanding the ecology of systems affecting wildlife. This information is often unavailable at the landscape scale. This study evaluated the applicability of several climate factor estimates at the landscape-scale, and illustrated the usefulness of estimated climate factors in ecological investigations.
Climate variables estimated for each month of the year were solar radiation, temperature, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration. Map layers for combined temperature and precipitation, and a moisture index were also created.
Accuracy of the estimates for temperature and precipitation for each 300 m x 300 m pixel were quantitatively assessed. The methods used estimated mean monthly temperature within 1 degree C. Precipitation estimates were within 9 mm of actual recorded value. The estimates for monthly solar radiation were qualitatively assessed, and provided a reasonable relative index to actual solar radiation. Estimates of potential evapotranspiration were determined to be reasonably accurate.
Landscape-scale estimated climate factors were used in 2 case studies. The first used logistic regression to examine the importance of climate factors to the observed distribution of 21 select forest cover-types in Virginia.The second compared the observed climate characteristics for the distributions of 3 species of terrestrial salamanders in Virginia. Winter temperature was the most important climate variable in determining forest cover-type distribution. Several differences in the climate characteristics of the 3 salamander distributions were observed and discussed. The conclusions of this study were that landscape-scale climate factors can be accurately estimated, and the estimates may be helpful in ecological investigations.Master of Science
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Ragothaman, Sonya Shruthi. "Path Planning for Autonomous Ground Vehicles Using GNSS and Cellular LTE Signal Reliability Maps and GIS 3-D Maps." Thesis, University of California, Riverside, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10935619.
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In this thesis, path planning for an autonomous ground vehicle (AGV) in an urban environment is considered. The following problem is considered. starting from an initial location, the AGV desires to reach a final location by taking the shortest distance, while minimizing the AGVs position estimation error and guaranteeing that the AGVs position estimation uncertainty is below a desired threshold. The AGV is assumed to be equipped with receivers capable of producing pseudodange measurements on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites and cellular long-term evolution (LTE) towers. Using a geographic information system (GIS) three-dimensional (3-D) building map of the urban environment, a signal reliability map is introduced, which provides information about regions where large errors due to cellular signal multipath or poor GNSS line-of-sight (LOS) are expected. The vehicle uses the signal reliability map to calculate the position estimation mean-squared error (MSE). An analytical expression for the AGV's state estimates is derived for a weighted nonlinear least-squares (WNLS) estimator, which is used to find an analytical upper bound on the position bias due to multipath. A path planning approach based on Dijkstra's algorithm is proposed to optimize the AGV's path while minimizing the path length and the position estimation MSE, subject to keeping the position estimation uncertainty and position estimation bias due to multipath being below desired thresholds. The path planning approach yields the optimal path together with a list of feasible paths. Simulation results are presented demonstrating that utilizing ambient cellular LTE signals together with GNSS signals (1) reduces the uncertainty about the AGV's position, (2) increases the number of feasible paths to choose from, which could be useful if other considerations arise, e.g., traffic jams and road blockages due to construction, and (3) yields significantly shorter feasible paths, which would otherwise be infeasible with GNSS signals alone. Experimental results on a ground vehicle navigating in downtown Riverside, California, are presented demonstrating a close match between the simulated and experimental results.
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Shi, Zhennan. "A Web-based Geographical Information System for Low Bandwidth Access." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2434.
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The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become popular tool, used in different fields. The launching of Google Maps offered a new approach of building web based GIS systems; making it possible to integrate external geographically referenced data with the powerful map service supplied by Google. This thesis demonstrates the design and implementation of creating a web based geographic information system. The system is built by adapting the Google Maps API library and building a web server to display and explore agricultural data.
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Anand, Suchith. "Automatic derivation of schematic maps from large scale digital geographic datasets for mobile GIS." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2006. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/automatic-derivation-of-schematic-maps-from-large-scale-digital-geographic-datasets-for-mobile-gis(653b12bb-7e0c-41a9-aada-e8cf361064a3).html.
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"Mapping is a way of visualizing parts of the world and maps are largely diagrammatic and two dimensional. There is usually a one-to-one correspondence between places in the world and places on the map, but while there are limitless aspects to the world, the cartographer can only select a few to map" Daniel Dorling, 1996 Map generalization is the process by which small scale maps are derived from large scale maps. This requires the application of operations such as simplification, selection, displacement and amalgamation to map features subsequent to scale reduction. The work is concerned with the problem of effective rendering of large scale datasets on small display devices by developing appropriate map generalization techniques for generating schematic maps. With the advent of high-end miniature technology and large scale digital geographic data products it is essential to devise proper methodologies and techniques for the automated generation of schematic maps specifically tailored for mobile GIS applications. Schematic maps are diagrammatic representation based on linear abstractions of networks. Transportation networks are the key candidates for applying schematization to help ease the interpretation of information by the process of cartographic abstraction. This study looks at how simulated annealing optimisation technique can be successfully applied for automated generation of schematic maps from large scale digital geographic datasets tailored specifically for mobile GIS applications. The software developed makes use of a simulated annealing based schematic map generator algorithm to generate route maps from OSCAR® dataset corresponding to a series of user defined start and end points. The generated schematic route maps are displayed and tested on mobile handheld devices shows promising results for mobile GIS applications. This work concentrates on the automatic generation of schematic maps, which, in the context of mobile mapping, are seen as being a particularly useful means of displaying routes for way finding type and utility network applications.
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Martin, Stacey L. "Cartography, Discourse, and Disease: How Maps Shape Scientific Thought about Disease." unrestricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04222005-094353/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2005.Title from title screen. Jeremy Crampton, committee chair; Michael Eriksen, Dona Stewart, committee members. Electronic text (94 p. : ill., maps (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 10, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-94).
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Kannich, Rosene. "Automated selection of topographic base information for thematic maps." Thesis restricted. Connect to e-thesis to view abstract, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/544/.
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Thesis (MSc(R)) - University of Glasgow, 2007.MSc(R) thesis submitted to the Faculty of Physical Sciences, Department of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Arriaga, Rivera Armando. "Reconstruction of Historic Maps of Central Mexico - S. XVI and XVII Using Geographic Infor- mation System (GIS)." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119372.
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Most work on old maps has been to explain the forms of representation, its various uses and applications. At mid-twentieth and early twenty-first centuries it has developed historical cartography, means by which maps were made with old information or data mapping planes. In this paper the goal is to use the current mapping methods to reconstruct maps, based on the platform of geographic information systems (GIS); international conventional symbols; physical-geographical context ofthe time and current reference system for mapping and as a tool for spatial analysis.La mayoría de los trabajos de cartografía antigua han sido sobre la explicación de las formas de representación, sus diversos usos y aplicaciones. A mediados del siglo XX y principios del XXI se ha desarrollado la cartografía histórica, medio por el cual se han realizado mapas con información antigua de datos o planos. En este trabajo el objetivo es emplear los métodos de representación cartográfica actuales, para reconstruir mapas, con base en las plataformas de los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG); la simbología convencional internacional; el contexto físico-geográfico de la época y un sistema de referencia actual, para generar cartografía y sea una herramienta para el análisis espacial.
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Cinnamon, Serina A. "IMAGINING SPACE: DEVELOPING A CRITICAL GEO-LITERACY WITH MAPS AS PRIMARY SOURCES IN HISTORY EDUCATION." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/997.
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Maps, while often regarded as accurate representations of places and spaces unseen in lived experience, are created with specific purposes that reflect and perpetuate particular epistemological and ontological conceptions about space and place. Using Foucault's conception of power-knowledge relations, Deweyian notions of meaning-making, and complexity theory's idea of interobjectivity; these theoretical works inform the map as a constructed reality. While maps have been well-articulated as socio-political constructions imbued with power-knowledge relations within the critical spaces of cartography and geography, this scholarship has made very few inroads into history education. In order to develop curriculum using maps to develop critical geo-literacy, I draw on a twin lens of critical carto-geography. In advocating for a more critical literacies approach, I assert that maps ought to be incorporated in the history curriculum as primary source documents where students have the opportunity to analyze and interpret maps as political acts. Through analyzing descriptions of practice, I explore possibilities to fully engage students in thinking critically about the construction and interpretation of historical maps. I also discuss the role of geographic information systems (GIS) as a potentially transformative curriculum that advocates inquiry-based learning through GIS maps and mapping. Engaging students in meaningful curriculum that promotes critical geo-literacy not only enriches their learning experience, it broadens the potential for greater democratic practices in educational settings.
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West, Bryan A. "Conceptions of geographic information systems (GIS) held by senior geography students in Queensland." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16682/.
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Geographical Information Systems (GIS) represent one of the major contributions to spatial analysis and planning of the new technologies. While teachers and others have viewed its potential contribution to geographical education as considerable, it has not been known with any certainty whether they present a valuable educational tool that aids geographical education. The value of GIS to geographical education is viewed as depending on a geographical education being, in itself, valuable. Within this context, synergetic focus groups are employed to explore the conceptions of GIS held by 109 secondary school students studying Senior Geography in metropolitan and regional Queensland, Australia. A phenomenographic approach is adopted to identify the six qualitatively different ways, or conceptions, in which the participating students experience GIS as: 1. Maps and a source of maps in geography. 2. Mapping in geography: a way to use and create maps. 3. A professional mapping tool: exceeding the needs of senior geography. 4. Frustrating geography: irksome and presenting many challenges to the student-user. 5. Relevant geography: within and beyond the school experience. 6. A better geography: offering a superior curriculum, and broader geographical education, when contrasted to a senior geography that omits its use. The structural and referential elements of each of these conceptions are elucidated within corresponding Categories of Description. The qualitatively different ways in which the conceptions may be experienced are illustrated through an Outcome Space, comprising a metaphoric island landscape. This structural framework reveals that for the Senior Geography students who participated in this investigation, the extent to which GIS may augment the curriculum is influenced by the nature of students' individual understandings of how GIS manages spatial data. This research project is a response to repeated calls in the literature for teachers of geography themselves to become researchers and for a better understanding of GIS within geography education. It reviews the salient literature with respect to geography and geography education generally, and GIS within geographical education specifically. The investigation has confirmed that qualitatively different conceptions of GIS exist amongst students and that these are not consistently aligned with assumptions about its use and benefits as presented by current literature. The findings of the study contribute to knowledge of the potential educational outcomes associated with the use of GIS in geography education and decisions related to current and potential geography curricula. It provides guidance for future curriculum development involving GIS and argues for additional research to inform educators and the spatial sciences industry about the actual and perceived role of GIS within geography education.
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Mercier, Wilfred Jean-Baptiste. "Generation of Forest Stand Type Maps Using High-Resolution Digital Imagery." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MercierWJB2009.pdf.
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Hedin, Andreas. "CRAMO : Continuously Rendered Aerial Maps with Open Data." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85290.
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One issue with a lot of the free aerial satellite maps that exists is the actuality of the acquired images in terms of the acquisition date. A lot of times the images are a few years old and will not represent the current reality. This project will try and mitigate this by using free open data from the Copernicus directive supplied by the European Space Agency ESA and use that to create maps. By doing this the ability to have daily updated aerial satellite maps occurs and that could be really interesting for scientific and commercial purposes. To make this work an automated process was created that downloaded the images from Copernicus and processed them with GDAL to create the maps. The process deals with the issues of mosaicing, reprojection and unattended downloads amongst other things. In the results, there is a comparison between three different maps to give a comparison and an idea of how big of a map the process can handle in a reasonable time.
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Bailey, Heidi Leigh. "Geographic interpretation the role of spatial knowledge in the interpretation of natural resources /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4753.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 85 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-81).
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Ile, Charlene Omeniem Keletso. "The use of well log data in the creation of 3D geological maps." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8294.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThree-dimensional (3D) graphic representations of geographic environments have become commonplace in a range of elds. These representations are often an attempt to represent both geographic forms, as well as the relationships that exist between them. In contrast to other elds, the use of 3D geological models in the visualisation of the subsurface environment is relatively new. Additionally, these 3D geological models are traditionally created through the painstaking process of manual development methods. As such, the models developed are unable to fully utilise the wealth of geological data that is collected during subsurface exploration. Therefore, the objective of this research was to create a 3D geological prototype that allowed for the visualisation of underground resource reservoirs in a faster, easier and more aesthetically appealing manner. To achieve the objectives of this research, the problem was tackled holistically by considering both the theoretical and practical components of the research. Some theoretical components that were considered are: well log wireline log data composition, the information that can be extracted from each well log component, geological data interpolation as well as geological visualisation. Utilisation of the theoretical component of this research facilitated the development of a programme that modelled and visualised sub-surface environments. The programme applied the information from numerous well log datasets and interpolated the various geological layers that could be found within a region.
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Kirk, Johnathan. "A Methodology for Developing GIS-based Probabilistic Riverine Flood Inundation Maps for Tonawanda Creek in Western New York." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1374683760.
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Lowman, Amelia M. "Creation of soil liquefaction susceptibility maps for San Luis Obispo & Marin counties using geographic information systems /." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/erscsp/2.
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Thesis (B.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009.Project advisor: Lynn E. Moody. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Jan. 13, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.
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Gu, Tianxia. "3D geographic model vs street view panorama a cognitive study on navigation in different Google maps representations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118697.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 48).
Throughout history, different tools have been invented to help people navigate in space. The different tools use different modes of representation as abstractions of 3-dimensional space. Two of the representations used in Google Maps, a modem wayfinding technology, are the 3D geographic model mode and the street view panorama mode. In this thesis, we explore the wayfinding behaviors of people in those two representations by performing experiments. We find that each representation mode is advantageous for a different type of city structure (e.g., regular grid vs. irregular streets). Each representation mode is also preferred by people according to their spatial processing type preference and the wayfinding task type they perform. After evaluating our findings from the experiments, we propose a design of a new representation with facade images augmenting a 2D satellite map. We believe this design incorporates the advantages of both representations studied.
by Tianxia Gu.
S.B.
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Wollamo, Marius Qvam. "Improving an Existing Natural Language Bus Route Information System : Adding Support for Geographic Expansion and Visualization in Maps." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23014.
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Real-time itinerary information is increasingly used and the functionality of travel planners is becoming more and more advanced. This gives the users the opportunity to tailor their demands and receive simple and fast answers, either through a mobile app, website or voice mail. This thesis explores how the BusTUC system can be improved to take the needs of the users into account. To investigate this, the system is expanded to return answers also for tram departures, and support for visualizing routes in a map is added. 14 persons have tested the new system on a website. Then, the same persons have given feedback through a survey. These answers have been analyzed to discover problems in the web client, and to detect how the experience on the website is, in terms of response time. It seems that correspondence between different means of transportation is important to the users, but this functionality is not present in the current system. Several clients want the system to take all of Norway into account, not just Trondheim. The support for tram schedules and the map functionality seem to increase the credibility of the BusTUC answers, which again lead to more satisfied users. The report also describes how BusTUC can be used in another domain to return intelligent answers. This is an aspect that should be further explored in the future.
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Richter, Denis [UNESP]. "Raciocínio geográfico e mapas mentais: a leitura espacial do cotidiano por alunos do Ensino Médio." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105074.
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A Educação Básica é responsável pela formação escolar do indivíduo durante onze anos, no mínimo. Ao longo desse processo, o estudante tem contato com o conhecimento científico provindo das diversas disciplinas que fazem parte do currículo da escola. Cada uma dessas disciplinas possui seus objetivos e contribuições para a aprendizagem do aluno e que o ajudam a compreender os contextos que interferem na organização da realidade, seja na perspectiva das relações sociais, culturais, políticas, ambientais-naturais etc. Dentre essas disciplinas, destacamos a presença da Geografia como conhecimento necessário para a formação intelectual do indivíduo. Essa ciência tem a responsabilidade de desenvolver uma leitura espacial dos inúmeros contextos que interferem na produção da sociedade, fato que caracteriza a própria Geografia e, portanto, a diferencia das demais áreas do saber. Nesse sentido, um estudante que teve contato com o conhecimento específico da Geografia, durante a Educação Básica, deve ser capaz de interpretar os elementos do cotidiano, da realidade, sob a perspectiva espacial - o que...
Basic Education is responsible for the school training of an individual for at least eleven years. Throughout this process, the student has contact with the scientific knowledge coming from various subjects which are part of the school curriculum. Each of these subjects has their objectives and contributions to the student learning which help them understand the contexts which influence in the organization of the reality, whether from the perspective of social, cultural, political, natural-environmental, etc. Among these subjects, we highlight the presence of geography as knowledge necessary for the intellectual training of the individual. This science has the responsibility to develop a spatial reading of the many contexts that influence the production of society, a fact... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Morioka, Kate. "Who makes maps for whom? : identifying opportunities for community mapping using GIS in Samoa /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18746.pdf.
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Cunningham, Helen. "Spatially related data and GIS for land and property applications." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240743.
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Holland, Henry. "A collated digital, geological map database for the central Namaqua Province using geographical information system technology." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005548.
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The genlogy of the Namaqua Province is notoriously difficult to map and interpret due to polymetamorphic and multiple deformation events and limlted outcrop. Current maps of the Province reflect diverse interpretations of stratigraphy as a consequence of these difficulties. A Geographic Information System is essentially a digital database and a set of functions and procedures to capture, analyse and manipulate spatially related data. A GIS is therefore ideally suited to the study and analysis of maps. A digital map database was established, using modem GIS technology, to facilitate the collation of existing maps of an area in the Central Namaqua Province (CNP). This database is based on a lithological classification system similar to that used by Harris (1992), rather than on an interpretive stratigraphic model. In order to establish the database, existing geological maps were scanned into a GIS, and lines of outcrop and lithological contacts were digitised using a manual line following process, which is one of the functions native to a GIS. Attribute data were then attached to the resultant polygons. The attribute database consists of lithological, textural and mineralogical data, as well as stratigraphical classification data according to the South African Committee for Stratigraphy (SACS), correlative names assigned to units by the Precambrian Research Unit, the Geological Survey of South Africa, the Bushmanland Research group and the University of the Orange Free State. Other attribute data included in the database, are tectonic and absolute age information, and the terrane classification for the area. This database reflects the main objective of the project and also serves as a basis for further expansion of a geological GIS for the CNP. Cartographic and database capabilities of the GIS were employed to produce a collated lithological map of the CNP. A TNTmipsTM Spatial Manipulation Language routine was written to produce a database containing two fields linked to each polygon, one for lithology and one for a correlation probability factor. Correlation factors are calculated in this routine from three variables, namely the prominence a worker attached to a specific lithology within a unit or outcrop, the agreement amongst the various workers on the actual lithology present within an outcrop, and the correspondence between the source of the spatial element (mapped outcrop) and the source of the attribute data attached to it. Outcrops were displayed on the map according to the lithology with the highest correlation factor, providing a unique view of the spatial relationships and distribution patterns of lithological units in the CNP. A second map was produced indicating the correlation factors for lithologies within the CNP. Thematic maps are produced in a GIS by selecting spatial elements according to a set of criteria, usually based on the attribute database, and then displaying the elements as maps. Maps created by this process are known as customised maps, since users of the GIS can customise the selection and display of elements according to their needs. For instance, all outcrops of rock units containing particular lithologies of a given age occurring in a specific terrane can be displayed - either on screen or printed out as a map. The database also makes it possible to plot maps according to different stratigraphic classification systems. Areas where various workers disagree on the stratigraphic classification of units can be isolated, and displayed as separate maps in order to aid in the collation process. The database can assist SACS in identifying areas in the CNP where stratigraphic classification is still lacking or agreements on stratigraphic nomenclature have not yet been attained. More than one database can be attached to the spatial elements in a GIS, and the Namaqua-GIS can therefore be expanded to include geochemical, geophysical, economic, structural and geographical data. Other data on the area, such as more detailed maps, photographs and satellite images can be attached to the lithological map database in the correct spatial relationship. Another advantage of a GIS is the facility to continually update the database(s) as more information becomes available and/or as interpretation of the area is refined.
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Li, Hengshan. "Evaluation of multi-level cognitive maps for supporting between-floor spatial behavior in complex indoor environments." Thesis, The University of Maine, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10294740.
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People often become disoriented when navigating in complex, multi-level buildings. To efficiently find destinations located on different floors, navigators must refer to a globally coherent mental representation of the multi-level environment, which is termed a multi-level cognitive map. However, there is a surprising dearth of research into underlying theories of why integrating multi-level spatial knowledge into a multi-level cognitive map is so challenging and error-prone for humans. This overarching problem is the core motivation of this dissertation.
We address this vexing problem in a two-pronged approach combining study of both basic and applied research questions. Of theoretical interest, we investigate questions about how multi-level built environments are learned and structured in memory. The concept of multi-level cognitive maps and a framework of multi-level cognitive map development are provided. We then conducted a set of empirical experiments to evaluate the effects of several environmental factors on users' development of multi-level cognitive maps. The findings of these studies provide important design guidelines that can be used by architects and help to better understand the research question of why people get lost in buildings. Related to application, we investigate questions about how to design user-friendly visualization interfaces that augment users' capability to form multi-level cognitive maps. An important finding of this dissertation is that increasing visual access with an X-ray-like visualization interface is effective for overcoming the disadvantage of limited visual access in built environments and assists the development of multi-level cognitive maps. These findings provide important human-computer interaction (HCI) guidelines for visualization techniques to be used in future indoor navigation systems.
In sum, this dissertation adopts an interdisciplinary approach, combining theories from the fields of spatial cognition, information visualization, and HCI, addressing a long-standing and ubiquitous problem faced by anyone who navigates indoors: why do people get lost inside multi-level buildings. Results provide both theoretical and applied levels of knowledge generation and explanation, as well as contribute to the growing field of real-time indoor navigation systems.
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Blinn, Christopher Michael. "Creation of a Spatial Decision Support System as a Risk Assessment Tool Based on Kentucky Tornado Climatology." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1153.
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Tornadoes are one of Mother Nature’s deadliest phenomena. They affect a large region of the United States. The risk of tornadoes is contingent on dynamic atmospheric conditions that are most likely during spring but which can occur anytime of the year, making the storms challenging to forecast. Using geographical information systems (GIS), a web-based spatial decision support system (SDSS) was created to help understand the spatial dimension of tornado risk assessment. The risk values are calculated using Tornado Days rather than taking a crude density measurement. The SDSS hosts GIS web services that are displayed on an Adobe Flex application. The web application allows users to view, research, query and extract information from the attributes of the GIS files. There is also a dynamic risk tool which gives users the ability to click anywhere inside the study area and get the percentage of risk that a tornado will occur within 25 miles of that very point. The web application eliminates users and viewers from conducting their own research and GIS work. In addition, automated updating models and macros were created to update the tornado database on an annual basis.
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Niesterowicz, Jacek. "Unsupervised pattern-based regionalization of large multi-categorical raster maps using machine vision methods." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1490351367846515.
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Kardos, Julian, and n/a. "Visualising attribute and spatial uncertainty in choropleth maps using hierachical spatial data models." University of Otago. Department of Information Science, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060908.151014.
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This thesis defines a novel and intuitive method to visually represent attribute uncertainty, and spatial boundary uncertainty generated from choropleth maps. Like all data, it is not possible to know exactly how far from the truth spatial data used for choropleth mapping is. When spatial data is used in a decision-making context a visual representation of data correctness may become a valuable addition. As an example, the visualisation of uncertainty is illustrated using choropleth mapping techniques superimposed on New Zealand 2001 census data, but other spatial datasets could have been employed. Both attribute and spatial uncertainty are considered, with Monte Carlo statistical simulations being used to model attribute uncertainty.
A visualisation technique to manage certain choropleth spatial boundary issues (i.e. the modifiable areal unit problem - MAUP) and uncertainty in attribute data is introduced, especially catering for attribute and choropleth spatial boundary uncertainty simultaneously. The new uncertainty visualisation method uses the quadtree spatial data model (SDM) in a novel manner. It is shown that by adapting the quadtree SDM to divide according to uncertainty levels possessed by attributes (associated with areal units), rather than divide on the basis of homogeneous regions (as the original quadtree design was intended), a measure of attribute and choropleth spatial boundary uncertainty can be exhibited. The variable cell size of the structure expresses uncertainty, with larger cell size indicating large uncertainty, and vice versa. The new quadtree SDM was termed the trustree. A software suite called TRUST v1.0 (The Representation of Uncertainty using Scale-unspecific Tessellations) was developed to create square trustree visualisations.
The visual appeal and representational accuracy of the trustree was investigated. Representative accuracy and visual appeal increased when using hexagonal tessellations instead of the quadtree�s traditional square tessellation. In particular, the Hexagonal or Rhombus (HoR) quadtree designed by Bell et al. (1989) was used to programme TRUST v1.1. Using the HoR quadtree in rhombic mode (TRUST v1.1.1) produced Orbison�s optical illusion, so it was disregarded. However, the HoR trustree (the hexagonal tessellation produced by TRUST v1.1.2) was adopted for further research and user assessment. When assessed using an Internet survey, the HoR trustree adequately displayed choropleth spatial boundary uncertainty, but not attribute uncertainty. New trustree visualisations, the value-by-area (VBA) trustree and adjacent HoR trustree were developed to help increase the expression of attribute uncertainty. Upon reassessment, the new trustree visualisations were deemed usable to express attribute uncertainty and choropleth spatial boundary uncertainty at a modest 58% usable (HoR trustree), 80% usable (VBA trustree) and 85% usable (adjacent HoR trustree). A usability test (where participants were asked to spot different levels of uncertainty) validated these results, whereby the HoR trustree achieved a 65% accuracy level and the VBA trustree achieved an 80% accuracy level. The user assessments helped to highlight that the trustree could be used in two ways, to express detail within or clutter over areal units. The HoR trustree showed (1) a level of detail (or resolution) metaphor, where more detail represented more accuracy and/or the reverse, (2) a metaphor of clutter, where the data structure output was sufficiently dense as to cover spatial information, in effect hiding uncertain areas. Further Internet survey testing showed the trustree tessellation works better when representing a metaphor of detail. Attribute and spatial uncertainty can be effectively expressed depending on the tessellation level used.
Overall, the new TRUST suite visualisations compare favourably with existing uncertainty visualisation techniques. Some uncertainty visualisation methods consistently performed better than the TRUST visualisations such as blinking areas, adjacent value and non-continuous cartograms. Other methods like colour saturation, image sharpness and a three-dimensional surface frequently performed with less usability. Therefore, the TRUST visualisations have found their place amongst other uncertainty visualisation methods. However, survey results showed that TRUST is a viable option for visualising two forms of uncertainty - attribute and spatial uncertainty. No other visualisation method has these capabilities. Further research could include a laboratory assessment of TRUST and also incorporating vagueness and temporal uncertainty concepts. Additionally, end-user testing could provide a valuable insight into uncertainty visualisation for everyday use. Adopting uncertainty methods to uncertainty, such as the technique presented here, into the mainstream decision making environment could be considered a fundamental objective for future investigation in spatial studies.
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Park, Kyoung Jin. "Generating Thematic Maps from Hyperspectral Imagery Using a Bag-of-Materials Model." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366296426.
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Richter, Denis. "Raciocínio geográfico e mapas mentais : a leitura espacial do cotidiano por alunos do Ensino Médio /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105074.
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Resumo: A Educação Básica é responsável pela formação escolar do indivíduo durante onze anos, no mínimo. Ao longo desse processo, o estudante tem contato com o conhecimento científico provindo das diversas disciplinas que fazem parte do currículo da escola. Cada uma dessas disciplinas possui seus objetivos e contribuições para a aprendizagem do aluno e que o ajudam a compreender os contextos que interferem na organização da realidade, seja na perspectiva das relações sociais, culturais, políticas, ambientais-naturais etc. Dentre essas disciplinas, destacamos a presença da Geografia como conhecimento necessário para a formação intelectual do indivíduo. Essa ciência tem a responsabilidade de desenvolver uma leitura espacial dos inúmeros contextos que interferem na produção da sociedade, fato que caracteriza a própria Geografia e, portanto, a diferencia das demais áreas do saber. Nesse sentido, um estudante que teve contato com o conhecimento específico da Geografia, durante a Educação Básica, deve ser capaz de interpretar os elementos do cotidiano, da realidade, sob a perspectiva espacial - o que... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: Basic Education is responsible for the school training of an individual for at least eleven years. Throughout this process, the student has contact with the scientific knowledge coming from various subjects which are part of the school curriculum. Each of these subjects has their objectives and contributions to the student learning which help them understand the contexts which influence in the organization of the reality, whether from the perspective of social, cultural, political, natural-environmental, etc. Among these subjects, we highlight the presence of geography as knowledge necessary for the intellectual training of the individual. This science has the responsibility to develop a spatial reading of the many contexts that influence the production of society, a fact... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Fátima Aparecida Dias Gomes Marin
Coorientador: Mônica Modesta Santos Decanini
Banca: Raimunda Abou Gebran
Banca: Helena Copetti Callai
Banca: Sonia Maria Vanzella Castelar
Doutor
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Elkekli, Fuzia Taher. "The Identity Of The Medina, Tripoli, Libya: Conservation And Urban Planning From The Nineteenth Century To The Present." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338903.
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The Medina of Tripoli, Libya, is a very ancient walled city that has a history of change, development, deterioration, conservation, and preservation to its fabric. Influenced by various foreign groups (Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Muslims, Spanish, Ottomans, Karamanlis), its architectural styles include ancient and traditional structures, as well as modern Western style or acculturation architecture. The purpose of the Medina as a place of habitation has changed over the years because of many factors including residents moving out of the Medina, fluctuating preservation, the changes in government policy when each new ruling entity had its particular laws and regulations, and some distortion of the economy due to the oil revenues. The place has no long-term plan or vision applied to it--either from within or from without. This study, the first of its kind in North Africa to collect information by using surveys and mental maps, convert the information into geographic information system (GIS) data, and come to definite conclusions about the Medina's situation. The entire research focused on four areas (the Islamic buildings, common routes of transportation, areas of deterioration, and population densities within Tripoli's Medina), but this document focused on the deterioration in the city while analyzing its urban informality, the residents' rights to live in the city, and property categories. This study helped to clarify the current situation and provide input to planners in post-uprising Libya.
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D\'Alge, Júlio César Lima. "Generalização cartográfica em sistemas de informação geográfica: aplicação aos mapas de vegetação da Amazônia Brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-06072007-161815/.
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Esta tese propõe um modelo de generalização cartográfica para os mapas de vegetação da Amazônia Brasileira. O modelo compreende três processos principais: limpeza de dados, simplificação da base de dados e simplificação cartográfica. A etapa de limpeza de dados é executada através de uma simplificação de linhas com tolerância mínima para a eliminação de redundâncias presentes nas linhas digitais. A simplificação da base de dados corresponde a uma generalização categórica dos mapas de vegetação de modo a torná-los compatíveis com níveis de menor detalhamento. A simplificação cartográfica elimina polígonos considerados pequenos e faz a simplificação de linhas com base nas mudanças de escala pretendidas. Este trabalho contribui para a identificação dos objetivos da generalização cartográfica no domínio digital porque testa com profundidade ferramentas existentes para simplificação de linhas, estabelece critérios que satisfazem um certo objetivo, e discute se mapas produzidos automaticamente em um SIG devem ser semelhantes àqueles preparados convencionalmente pelos cartógrafos. Os mapas de vegetação da Amazônia brasileira foram relevantes neste contexto porque compõem um cenário adequado para a realização do experimento de generalização. Este trabalho também contribui para o aprimoramento do estado da arte em software livre para Geoprocessamento no Brasil. Os três algoritmos usados para simplificação de linhas foram todos implementados no SPRING, SIG desenvolvido pela Divisão de Processamento de Imagens do INPE. A etapa de simplificação da base de dados foi realizada integralmente no TERRAVIEW, SIG de código aberto também desenvolvido pela Divisão de Processamento de Imagens do INPE. Dois algoritmos usados para simplificação de linhas foram criados especificamente para o experimento de generalização descrito neste trabalho.This thesis proposes a cartographic generalization model for vegetation maps in the Brazilian Amazonia. The model comprises three main processes: data cleaning, database simplification, and cartographic simplification. The first step of data cleaning is performed through line simplification with minimum tolerance for redundancy elimination in the digital lines. The database simplification corresponds to a categorical generalization aiming at less detailed vegetation maps. The cartographic simplification eliminates small polygons and simplifies lines according to intended scale changes. This work contributes to the identification of the cartographic generalization goals in the digital domain while it deeply tests existing methods for line simplification. It also sets criteria that satisfy a certain objective and discusses whether maps that are automatically generated in a GIS should be considered similar to the ones produced manually. In this context, vegetation maps in the Brazilian Amazonia were relevant because they represent a suitable scenario for performing the generalization experiment. This work also contributes to improve the state of the art for GIS free software in Brazil. The three algorithms used for line simplification have been implemented in SPRING, a free objectoriented GIS developed by the Image Processing Division at INPE. The database simplification was entirely performed using the open-source GIS TERRAVIEW, developed by the Image Processing Division at INPE. The two algorithms used for line simplification have been specifically created for the generalization experiment described in this work.
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Stewart, Mark Pierce. "The Tarrant County Atlas for Planning: A Geographic Information System for Open Space Design." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332537/.
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This project demonstrates the construction of a land planning geographic information system (GIS) for Tarrant County, and explores how the technology could be used to select sites for a county wide open space preservation plan. As Texas' Tarrant County continues to undergo rapid change due to growth and expansion, the need for proactive, resourceful community planning is greater than ever. One crucial issue facing the region is how to preserve open areas that serve the county's citizens' ecological, recreational, cultural and economic needs. In order to assess how much open space is needed and which sites should be considered for special attention, large amounts of varied spatial information must be analyzed. The answer to effectively dealing with such data sets is a geographic information system (GIS) that stores all pertinent data digitally and allows for its manipulation through use of a computer software package. This project demonstrates the construction of a land planning GIS for Tarrant County, and explores how the technology could be used to select sites for a county wide open space preservation plan.
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Bedocs, Justin A. "Names and Geographic Features: An Internship with the U.S. Geological Survey." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1452529967.
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Van, Tonder Bradley Paul. "Adaptive user interfaces for mobile map-based visualisation." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/866.
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Mobile devices today frequently serve as platforms for the visualisation of map-based data. Despite the obvious advantages, mobile map-based visualisation (MMV) systems are often difficult to design and use. Limited screen space, resource constraints and awkward interaction mechanisms are among the many problems with which designers and users have to contend. Adaptive user interfaces (AUIs), which adapt to the individual user, represent a possible means of addressing the problems of MMV. Adaptive MMV systems are, however, generally designed in an ad-hoc fashion, making the benefits achieved difficult to replicate. In addition, existing models for adaptive MMV systems are either conceptual in nature or only address a subset of the possible input variables and adaptation effects. The primary objective of this research was to develop and evaluate an adaptive MMV system using a model-based approach. The Proteus Model was proposed to support the design of MMV systems which adapt in terms of information, visualisation and user interface in response to the user‟s behaviour, tasks and context. The Proteus Model describes the architectural, interface, data and algorithm design of an adaptive MMV system. A prototype adaptive MMV system, called MediaMaps, was designed and implemented based on the Proteus Model. MediaMaps allows users to capture, location-tag, organise and visualise multimedia on their mobile phones. Information adaptation is performed through the use of an algorithm to assist users in sorting media items into collections based on time and location. Visualisation adaptation is performed by adapting various parameters of the map-based visualisations according to user preferences. Interface adaptation is performed through the use of adaptive lists. An international field study of MediaMaps was conducted in which participants were required to use MediaMaps on their personal mobile phones for a period of three weeks. The results of the field study showed that high levels of accuracy were achieved by both the information and interface adaptations. High levels of user satisfaction were reported, with participants rating all three forms of adaptation as highly useful. The successful implementation of MediaMaps provides practical evidence that the model-based design of adaptive MMV systems is feasible. The positive results of the field study clearly show that the adaptations implemented were highly accurate and that participants found these adaptations to be useful, usable and easy to understand. This research thus provides empirical evidence that the use of AUIs can provide significant benefits for the visualisation of map-based information on mobile devices.
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Appunni, Sandhya. "Design and Development of Geographical Information System (GIS) Map for Nuclear Waste Streams." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1667.
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A nuclear waste stream is the complete flow of waste material from origin to treatment facility to final disposal. The objective of this study was to design and develop a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) module using Google Application Programming Interface (API) for better visualization of nuclear waste streams that will identify and display various nuclear waste stream parameters. A proper display of parameters would enable managers at Department of Energy waste sites to visualize information for proper planning of waste transport. The study also developed an algorithm using quadratic Bézier curve to make the map more understandable and usable. Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 and Microsoft SQL Server 2012 were used for the implementation of the project. The study has shown that the combination of several technologies can successfully provide dynamic mapping functionality. Future work should explore various Google Maps API functionalities to further enhance the visualization of nuclear waste streams.
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Werkmann, Björn [Verfasser]. "MapCube: a Mobile Focus & Context Information Visualization Technique for Geographic Maps : Location Based Service Context Model and a Prototypical Implementation for Ridesharing Scenarios Evaluated Using an Empirical User Study / Björn Werkmann." Hagen : Fernuniversität Hagen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1081565640/34.
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Tsuda, Larissa Sayuri. "Análise dos atropelamentos de mamíferos em uma rodovia no estado de São Paulo utilizando Self-Organizing Maps." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-21092018-134154/.
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A construção e ampliação de rodovias gera impactos significativos ao meio ambiente. Os principais impactos ao meio biótico são a supressão de vegetação, redução da riqueza e abundância de espécies de fauna como decorrência da fragmentação de habitats e aumento dos riscos de atropelamento de animais silvestres e domésticos. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi identificar padrões espaciais nos atropelamentos de fauna silvestre por espécie (nome popular) utilizando ferramentas de análise espacial e machine learning. Especificamente, buscou-se compreender a relação entre atropelamentos de animais silvestres e variáveis que representam características de uso e cobertura do solo e caracterização da rodovia, tais como formação florestal, corpos d\'água, silvicultura, áreas edificadas, velocidade máxima permitida, volume de tráfego, entre outras. Os atropelamentos de fauna silvestre foram analisados por espécie atropelada, a fim de identificar os padrões espaciais dos atropelamentos específicos para cada espécie. As ferramentas de análise espacial empregadas foram a Função K - para determinar o padrão de distribuição dos registros de atropelamento de fauna, o Estimador de Densidade de Kernel - para gerar estimativas de densidade de pontos sobre a rodovia, a Análise de Hotspots - para identificar os trechos mais críticos de atropelamento de fauna e, por fim, o Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), um tipo de rede neural artificial, que reorganiza amostras de dados n-dimensionais de acordo com a similaridade entre elas. Os resultados das análises de padrões pontuais foram importantes para entender que os pontos de atropelamento possuem padrões de distribuição espacial que variam por espécie. Os eventos ocorrem espacialmente agrupados e não estão homogeneamente distribuídos ao longo da rodovia. De maneira geral, os animais apresentam trechos de maior intensidade de atropelamento em locais distintos. O SOM permitiu analisar as relações entre múltiplas variáveis, lineares e não-lineares, tais como são os dados ecológicos, e encontrar padrões espaciais distintos por espécie. A maior parte dos animais foi atropelada próxima de fragmentos florestais e de corpos d\'água, e distante de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, silvicultura e área edificada. Porém, uma parte considerável das mortes de animais dos tipos com maior número de atropelamentos ocorreu em áreas com paisagem diversificada, incluindo alta densidade de drenagem, fragmentos florestais, silvicultura e áreas edificadas.The construction and expansion of roads cause significant impacts on the environment. The main potential impacts to biotic environment are vegetation suppression, reduction of the abundance and richness of species due to forest fragmentation and increase of animal (domestic and wildlife) vehicle collisions. The general objective of this work was to identify spatial patterns in wildlife-vehicle collisions individually per species by using spatial analysis and machine learning. Specifically, the relationship between wildlife-vehicle collisions and variables that represent land use and road characterization features - such as forests, water bodies, silviculture, sugarcane fields, built environment, speed limit and traffic volume - was investigated. The wildlife-vehicle collisions were analyzed per species, in order to identify the spatial patterns for each species separately. The spatial analysis tools used in this study were K-Function - to determine the distribution pattern of roadkill, Kernel Density Estimator (KDE) - to identify the location and intensity of hotspots and hotzones. Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), an artificial neural network (ANN), was selected to reorganize the multi-dimensional data according to the similarity between them. The results of the spatial pattern analysis were important to perceive that the point data pattern varies between species. The events occur spatially clustered and are not uniformly distributed along the highway. In general, wildlife-vehicle collsions have their hotzones in different locations. SOM was able to analyze the relationship between multiple variables, linear and non-linear, such as ecological data, and established distinct spatial patterns per each species. Most of the wildlife was run over close to forest area and water bodies, and distant from sugarcane, silviculture and built environments. But a considerable part of the wildlife-vehicle collisions occurred in areas with diverse landscape, including high density of water bodies, silviculture and built environments.
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Kjerne, Daniel. "Modeling cadastral spatial relationships using an object-oriented information structure." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3721.
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This thesis identifies a problem in the current practice for storage of locational data of entities in the cadastral layer of a land information system (LIS), and presents as a solution an information model that uses an object-oriented paradigm.
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Van, den Heever Johannes Lodewikus. "The development of a visualization tool to assist topographic map users." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53098.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The recognition and description of relief features from their contour patterns is recognized as the main challenge in topographic map education. Conducting field exercises can solve this problem, but can be very time consuming. Modern technology, however, provides an alternative teaching technique by creating depictions of terrain. Important issues raised by this new approach include questions such as what these depictions should look like and how it should be presented to the user. Research presented here aims to address these issues by constructing design guidelines for terrain depiction. These design guidelines were derived from previous research and case studies. The guidelines focussed on research about how people perceive different representations of terrain and how these representations should optimally be presented. The design guidelines were constructed from research done in diverse fields such as cognitive psychology, cartography and engineering. Results of this research revealed that in order to develop an effective terrain visualization tool, it is crucial to incorporate different fields of expertise. The design guidelines were implemented with ArcView GIS and its 3D Analyst extension, which has the ability to display spatial data in three dimensions. The final product is called Terrain Visualization Tool 1.1 (TVT) and was created by customizing an ArcView GIS project (TV BUILDER) and constructing a Website (TV VIEWER). TV BUILDER creates the visualization data in the form of 20 web pages per topographic area and links them to TV VIEWER that serves as a platform to view the data. The design guidelines were implemented successfully and show the advantages of using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in related research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die identifisering en beskrywing van landskapelemente vanaf hul kontoere is geidentifiseer as die primere uitdaging in topografiese kaartonderrig. Hierdie probleem kan oorkom word deur kaartleesoefeninge in die veld te onderneem, maar dit neem baie tyd in beslag. Modeme tegnologie maak ‘n alternatiewe onderrigmedium moontlik deur die skep van verskillende landskapsuitbeeldings. Hierdie alternatief laat die vraag ontstaan hoe die uitbeeldings moet lyk en hoe dit aan die gebruiker aangebied moet word. Die doel van hierdie navorsing spreek hierdie vrae aan deur ontwerpriglyne vir landskap uitbeelding daar te stel. Die ontwerpriglyne is saamgestel deur bestudering van vorige navorsing en studies wat op hierdie gebied gedoen is. Die riglyne fokus veral op navorsing wat mense se reaksie op verskillende landskapuitbeeldings ondersoek. Die ontwerpriglyne is egter saamgestel deur navorsing wat gedoen is in velde soos kognitiewe sielkunde, kartografie en ingenieurswese. Hierdie navorsing het bewys dat inkorporasie van verskillende studievelde in die ontwikkeling van terrein visualiseringstoepassings essensieel is. Die riglyne is geimplementeer deur gebruik te maak van ArcView GIS en die 3D Analyst uitbreiding wat die vermoe het om data in drie dimensies uit te beeld. Die finale produk genaamd Terrain Visualization Tool 1.1 (TVT) bestaan uit twee komponente, naamlik ‘n aangepaste ArcView GIS projek (TV BUILDER) en ‘n webwerf (TV VIEWER). TV BUILDER skep die landskapsuitbeeldings van een topografiese area in die vorm van 20 web bladsye en verbind dit met TV VIEWER, wat as ‘n platform dien om die landskap uitbeeldings te beskou. Die ontwerpriglyne is suksesvol geimplementeer, wat die voordele van Geografiese Inligtingstelsels (GIS) in hierdie en soortgelyke toekomstige navorsing demonstreer.
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Hollinger, David L. "Crop Condition and Yield Prediction at the Field Scale with Geospatial and Artificial Neural Network Applications." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1310493197.
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Aydin, Nazli Yonca. "Gis-based Site Selection Approach For Wind And Solar Energy Systems: A Case Study From Western Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610774/index.pdf.
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Many countries around the world integrated Renewable Energy Systems (RES) in their future energy plans in order to reduce negative impacts of fossil fuel consumption on the environment. However, RES may as well cause various environmental problems which are mostly related with the geographic locations of these facilities. The aim of this thesis is to create a Geographic Information System-based methodology for evaluating alternative locations for wind, solar and hybrid power plants by using fuzzy multi-criteria decision making. Environmental objectives and economical feasibility criteria for wind and solar systems are identified through Turkish legislations, previous studies, and interviews with General Directorate of Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development. Individual satisfaction degrees for each alternative location with respect to the identified environmental objectives and economical feasibility criteria are calculated using fuzzy set theory tools. Then these individual satisfaction degrees are aggregated into overall performance indexes which are used to determine priority maps for wind and solar energy generation facilities. Finally, maps of priority sites for wind and solar energy systems are overlaid to identify suitable locations for hybrid wind-solar energy systems. The proposed methodology is applied on a case study area composed of USak, Aydin, Denizli, Mugla, and Burdur provinces.
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Ayca, Aykut. "Development Of A Web Gis-based Tsunami Inundation Mapping Service." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614404/index.pdf.
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Tsunamis, as the catastrophic disasters, can cause loss of live and property when they come to the shores. Preparation of emergency plans is essential to reduce the damage. Consequently, any initiative in tsunami modeling and inundation mapping is of vital importance for progressing safety surveillance and maintenance.
In an effort to achieve a thorough analysis of effect of tsunami, it is critical to estimate the geographical extent of possibly affected area and to predict tsunami impacts. The inundation mapping system also must serve to manage the simulation data in a scalable environment to reach end-users in the time of event. For this purpose, in this study, the generation of a Web based Geographic Information System (GIS) to serve inundation maps through web.
The research methodology consists of four main stages: (i) simulating tsunamis based on six different scenarios (ii) processing simulation data through a GIS application(iii) development of web interfaces and implementation of the developed model for Web-GIS application
(iv) verification of the created model for Marmara Sea Region. The proposed system is expected to be an efficient tool for improving inundation mapping efforts for expected tsunamis in Turkey.
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Costa, David Cavassana. "TRANSMISSÃO PROGRESSIVA DE MAPAS BASEADA EM GIS SERVICES." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2006. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/464.
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Previous issue date: 2006-12-01The Internet has created an good environment for the sharing of geospatial data. In this environment users can transfer, visualize, manipulate and interact with these data sets. This environment not only provides new opportunities for the utilization of geospatial data, but also introduces new problems that should be addressed in order to provide an efficient and effective use of these datasets. One of such problems is related to the use of these spatial datasets in low transfer rate environments, what often becomes an impediment for the publication of those data in the Internet, given the huge volume of data to be transmitted. This paper presents a progressive transmission algorithm for vector maps on the Web, which uses techniques based on the resolution of the client device with the aim of reducing the amount of transmitted data, sending the data incrementally, thus gradually increasing the level of map details. Scale-dependent transmission techniques are combined with simplification and progressive ones, in order to maximize the overall system performance in a Web GIS environment. Furthermore, an architecture based on Web services is presented, that implements the progressive transmission of maps and allows a greater flexibility in the use of this functionality and in the development of clients in different computing platforms.
A Internet criou um ambiente adequado para o compartilhamento de dados geoespaciais, permitindo aos usuários a transferência, visualização, manipulação e interação com esses dados. Esse ambiente não apenas fornece novas oportunidades na utilização dos dados espaciais, como também introduz novos problemas que devem ser resolvidos a fim de possibilitar a utilização eficiente e efetiva desses conjuntos de dados. Um desses problemas está relacionado com a utilização dos dados espaciais em ambientes com baixa velocidade de transmissão, o que, devido ao grande volume dos dados espaciais, torna-se um empecilho para a disponibilização desses dados na Internet. Este trabalho apresenta um algoritmo para transmissão progressiva de mapas vetoriais na Web, que utiliza técnicas baseadas na resolução do dispositivo cliente com o objetivo de reduzir a quantidade de dados transmitidos, enviando os dados aos poucos, aumentando gradativamente o nível de detalhes do mapa. São combinadas técnicas de transmissão progressiva, simplificação e transmissão dependente de escala, a fim de maximizar o desempenho do sistema no ambiente Web. Ademais, apresenta-se uma arquitetura baseada em serviços Web que implementa a transmissão progressiva de mapas e possibilita uma maior flexibilidade no uso desta funcionalidade e na construção de clientes em diferentes plataformas.
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Montalvão, Christiane. "Composição social e distribuição espacial dos habitantes de Vila Rica na década de 1810." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/262.
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O objeto desta dissertação é a distribuição demográfica do maior espaço urbano da capitania de Minas Gerais nos primeiros anos do século XIX – a capital da capitania de Minas Gerais, Vila Rica. As fontes sobre as quais se alicerçam esta pesquisa são principalmente o recenseamento da capitania de Minas Gerais de 1804 e o livro de tombos elaborado a partir de 1809. Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de um projeto que envolve o uso de ferramentas ligado aos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG), com o objetivo de contribuir para uma biografia do espaço.
The object of this work is the demographics of the largest urban space in the captaincy of Minas Gerais in the early years of the nineteenth century - the capital of the captaincy of Minas Gerais, Villa Rica. The sources upon which underpin this research are mainly the census of the captaincy of Minas Gerais 1804 and tumbles book drawn from 1809. As regards the methodology, it is a project that involves the use of tools linked to Systems Geographic Information System (GIS), in order to contribute to a biography of space.
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Kako, Iara Sakitani. "O papel dos trilhos na estruturação territorial da cidade de São Paulo de 1867 a 1930." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-12092013-105708/.
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Os mapas da cidade de São Paulo, produzidos no período compreendido entre o final do século XIX e meados do século XX, revelam uma cidade em plena transformação e desenvolvimento, com aumento dos seus limites através das obras de infraestrutura, como linha férrea e de bondes, implantação dos sistemas de distribuição de água e principalmente, energia elétrica, além da construção de novas pontes, loteamentos e arruamentos de chácaras, abertura de ruas, avenidas e praças. A influência dos trilhos (trens e bondes) na estruturação territorial da cidade de São Paulo foi avaliada através da análise de mapas históricos e auxiliada pela cartografia digital. Atualmente, com os recursos técnicos disponíveis, os mapas históricos podem ser estudados de forma sistematizada buscando-se obter uma visão de conjunto a respeito das transformações no espaço geográfico ao longo do tempo. A cartografia digital, apoiada nos softwares de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG), representa essa possibilidade oferecendo recursos para armazenamento, manipulação, e visualização dos dados geográficos.The maps of the city of São Paulo produced within period from the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth century, reveal a city undergoing transformation and development, increasing the limits of the urban through infrastructure works such as railway and trams, implementation of water distribution systems and especially electricity, in addition to building new bridges, roads and subdivisions of small farms, open streets, avenues and squares. The influence of the rails (trains and trams) in the territorial structure of the city of São Paulo was evaluated through analysis of historical maps and assisted by digital mapping. Currently, with the available technical resources, historical maps can be studied in a systematic way seeking to get an overview about the changes in geographical space over time. The digital cartography supported by Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software provides resources for storage, manipulation, and visualization of geographic data.
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Devids, Camila Cantagallo [UNESP]. "Mapeamento de sensibilidade ambiental a derramentos de petróleo do sistema estuarino de Santos, estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92780.
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devids_cc_me_rcla.pdf: 1063898 bytes, checksum: a773cc0c72594059ad6f1e47ba624389 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar o mapeamento de sensibilidade ambiental a derramamentos de óleo do estuário de Cubatão e entorno, em escala de detalhe (operacional), utilizando um Sistema de Informação Geográfica. A metodologia segue as normas de padronização do Ministério do Meio Ambiente. A área do estuário em sua totalidade pode ser considerada de alta sensibilidade, pois o ecossistema predominante é o manguezal. Além de ser um ecossistema de alta biodiversidade e produtividade, o manguezal apresenta baixo hidrodinamismo e sedimento lamoso, resultando em uma significativa persistência do óleo no ecossistema. Além disso, as técnicas que permitem limpar o óleo deste ambiente são limitadas. O estuário de Cubatão e seu entorno pode ser considerado também uma área suscetível a vazamentos de óleo devido à presença de diversas fontes potenciais de poluição como oleodutos, terminais, indústrias e movimentação de navios. Isto torna a área além de muito sensível, muito vulnerável em diversos pontos. Este estudo apresenta um conjunto de sete cartas SAO, sendo uma carta tática, em escala 1: 80.000, e seis cartas operacionais, em escala 1: 25.000, além de mapas temáticos, quadros de recursos visuais e listagem das espécies encontradas no estuário. Em um cenário de vazamento de óleo, as cartas SAO são de extrema utilidade, pois fornecem informações claras para a resposta. Portanto, estes instrumentos representam uma ferramenta fundamental para o balizamento das ações de resposta a vazamentos de óleo, pois permitem o direcionamento dos recursos disponíveis e a mobilização mais eficiente das equipes de proteção e limpeza, minimizando os impactos no ambiente e reforçando os instrumentos políticos e administrativos de ordenamento territorial.
The aim of this work is to realize the environmental sensitivity mapping for oil spills of the Cubatão estuary and surroundings areas, in detail spatial scale, using a Geographic Information System. The methodology follows the standards determined by the Brazilian Federal Environment Organ (Ministry of the Environment). The study area can be considered of high sensitivity, because the mangrove is the predominant ecosystem. The mangrove is an ecosystem of high biodiversity and productivity; it presents low hydro energy and mud sediment, resulting in a significant persistence of the oil in this ecosystem. Besides, the techniques that allow cleaning the oil of this environment are limited. The estuary of Cubatão and surroundings areas can be considered also a susceptible area to oil spills due to the presence of several potential fountains of pollution like oil pipelines, terminals, industries and traffic of ships. These turn the area sensitive and very vulnerable in several points. This article shows a set of seven ESI maps including a tactical one, scale 1: 80.000, and six in detail scale, 1:25.000. It also shows thematic maps, visual resources and a species list from the estuary. In oil spill sceneries, sensitivity maps are extremely usefulness, since the maps supply clear informations for the response likes. So, these instruments represent a essential tool for the coordination of actions in oil spills sceneries, while they allow the management of available resources and the most efficient mobilization of the protection and cleaning teams, minimizing the impacts in the environment and reinforcing the political and administrative instruments of territorial ordainment.
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Danielsson, Melinda. "Exchange of Tracking Information on a Shared Platform - How the space of interaction can be designed to increase practitioners' motivation in physical activity outdoors." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23092.
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Interactive technology in the area of fitness and wellbeing has gained increasing interest in the HCI community with the emphasize to design technologies and tools in the aim to encourage people and make them more engaged in physical activity. However, there is little investigation in which precise factors that contribute to user motivation and self-efficacy.Physical activity outdoors together with tracking devices enables the users to view and interpret the results from their practice based on movements. The data can then be visualized on geographic maps, which are powerful tools for presentation. Online platforms on the web give users the opportunity to share their own results together with other practitioners’ results. This creates a shared network of practitioners in a world-wide online setting, based on geolocated information visualized on geographic maps. The study starts with the hypothesis that the space of interaction on a map-based social network platform can be further developed in the aim to increase practitioners’ motivation in physical activity. Two approaches are identified in the study: comparative and supportive. The study examines how they can be integrated in the space of a map-based social network platform in the aim to motivate practitioners. The study results in different kinds of features and investigate in practitioners’ experience of them.