Relevant bibliographies by topics / Geographical characteristics

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Geographical characteristics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Geographical characteristics"

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Hogg, J. "Geographical Data: Characteristics and Sources." Photogrammetric Record 18, no. 104 (December 2003): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0031-868x.2003.024_03.x.

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Rozhko, Ihor, and Iryna Koinova. "Physical-geographical characteristics of Lemkivshchyna." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography 53 (December 18, 2019): 288–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2019.53.10679.

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The article presents the physical-geographical characteristics of the Lemkos’ ethnic territory, the farthest western ethnographic group of Ukrainians who have long inhabited the slopes of the Carpathians Eastern Beskids. Lemkivshchyna is located on both slopes of the Carpathian Beskids between the Borzhava and San rivers in the east and Poprad and Dunajec in the west, located in three countries. The total area is about 9 000 km2. Lemkivschyna occupies the largest area within the mountainous part of South-Eastern Poland (48 %), less in the mountainous part of north-eastern Slovakia (41 %), the least in the Trans¬carpathian region of Ukraine (11 %). Most of the territory of Lemkivshchyna is located in the Carpathian lowlands of the Eastern Beskids. Only some peaks have a height of more than 1 000 m. The highest peak is Tarnitsa (1 346 m a.s.l.) on the Bukovo Berdo ridge. Lemkivshchyna is located in the temperate climate zone of Europe, which is formed under the influence of the western transfer of the Atlantic air masses. In addition, the climatic characteristics are influenced by the terrain, altitude, exposure of the slopes, the direction of extension of the mountain valleys. The territory of Lemkivshchyna lies on the Main European Watershed. The rivers that originate in the northern macro-slope of the Low Beskid are tributaries of the Vistula (the Baltic Sea basin). The rivers of the southern macro-slope are tributaries of the Tisza River, which flows into the Danube (the Black Sea basin). The largest river in the Lemky region is the San (444 km in length). Another tributary of the Vistula is the Vislok (165 km). The mountain rivers that originate on the southern slopes of the Low Beskid River flow in a meridional direction to the south and belong to the Tisza basin. The largest among them are Gorand (286 km), Poprad (169 km), Laborets (129 km), Ondava (112 km in length). The rivers of Lemkivshchyna are characterized by mixed food dominated by snow. Boundaries are observed in winter and during the dry season in summer. Floods can occur at any time of the year during heavy rainfall. The mountain-forest soils of Lemkivshchyna are formed on flysch rocks under beech and fir forests. Soils of low power (up to 75 cm), often stony, characterized by high acidity, poor in calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron. Mountain-meadow soils were formed in the subalpine meadows. The processes of accumulation of peat and organic material are observed on the watersheds and sites of poor runoff. The geographical location of Lemkivshchyna causes the vertical extent of the vegetation cover, which differs from the other mountain ranges of the Carpathians. Belt of deciduous forests, rising to an altitude of 1 156 m. is mainly represented with beech forests. The belt of the Polonynian subalpine meadows that developed under the influence of a long pasture farm is above the beech forests. About 1 000 species of vascular plants, more than 600 species of mosses and lichens, and many algae and fungi have been found in the Lemky region. A modern feature of the vegetation cover of Lemkivshchyna is the natural regeneration of forests, which occurred after the expulsion of the ethnic population from these territories. More than 200 species of vertebrates have been found in the Lemky region. Key words: Lemkivshchyna, physical and geographical conditions, relief of the Eastern Beskids, hydrography, vegetation.
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Rentfrow, Peter J., and Markus Jokela. "Geographical Psychology." Current Directions in Psychological Science 25, no. 6 (December 2016): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721416658446.

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There is geographical variation in the ways in which people think, feel, and behave. How are we to understand the causes and consequences of such variation? Geographical psychology is an emerging subarea of research concerned with the spatial organization of psychological phenomena and how individual characteristics, social entities, and physical features of the environment contribute to their organization. Studies at multiple levels of analysis have indicated that social influence, ecological influence, and selective migration are key mechanisms that contribute to the spatial clustering of psychological characteristics. Investigations in multiple countries have shown that the psychological characteristics common in particular regions are respectively linked to important political, economic, and health indicators. Furthermore, results from large multilevel studies have shown that the psychological characteristics of individuals interact with features of the local environment to impact psychological development and well-being. Future research is needed to better understand the scale and impact of person-environment associations over time.
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Ganawa, El Taib S., Mesoud A. Bushara, Abdelrahman E. A. Musa, Sahar M. Bakhiet, and Ahmed H. Fahal. "Mycetoma spatial geographical distribution in the Eastern Sennar locality, Sennar State, Sudan." Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 115, no. 4 (March 1, 2021): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trab029.

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Abstract Background Mycetoma is a unique neglected tropical disease caused by a substantial number of different fungi or bacteria. Many of the disease's epidemiological characteristics are an enigma. Hence, understanding the spatial geographic distribution of mycetoma may clarify the association between the local environmental indicators, the spatial geographical distribution of mycetoma and its epidemiology. Methods This study set out to determine the spatial geographical distribution of mycetoma in the Eastern Sennar locality, Sennar State, one of the highly endemic states in Sudan. It included 594 patients with confirmed mycetoma seen at the Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan, from 1991 to 2020. The spatial geographical distribution of these mycetoma patients was studied. The study area geographic information system data, which included geological, soil, temperature and land cover details, were collected in different geographic information forms. Different geographical analytical techniques were used. Results The patients' demographic characteristics were similar to those of the general characteristics of mycetoma patients in Sudan. Eumycetoma was the predominant type of mycetoma encountered in the studied patients. The data studied showed that most patients were located in the southern part of the locality along the Blue Nile river. The study showed an association between patients' spatial geographical distribution and soil types. Most patients’ localities had light clay soil (475 patients [80%]), followed by sandy loam soil (79 [13%]) then loam soil (40 [6.71%]). Also, 85% of patients' localities had the same land cover and vegetation. There was no significant correlation between patients' localities with temperature or any other geological characteristic. Conclusion The present study showed certain associations between mycetoma spatial geographical distribution and certain environmental indicators. However, a further in-depth study to provide greater insight into the disease's epidemiological characteristics is needed.
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Malska, Marta. "Geographical, social, economic characteristics of services." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 42 (October 15, 2013): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.42.1864.

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The contemporary social, economic and geographic characteristics of services are analyzed. The role of tourism services in the national system of services is highlighted. The different definitions of the term “service” by Ukrainian and foreign scientists are explained. The main features of services and factors influencing them are described. The special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the objective evaluation of the service provision. The main elements of this evaluation are submitted. Key words: social geography, economic geography, service.
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Malý, Jiří. "The Czech Republic - Basic Geographical Characteristics." Geografie 99, no. 2 (1994): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1994099020111.

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The contribution treats about basic geographical characteristics of the Czech Republic: its area, population, administrative division, geographical position, shape of the state territory and the state boundary.
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Ai, Chuan, Bin Chen, Hailiang Chen, Weihui Dai, and Xiaogang Qiu. "Geographical Structural Features of the WeChat Social Networks." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050290.

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Recently, spatial interaction analysis of online social networks has become a big concern. Early studies of geographical characteristics analysis and community detection in online social networks have shown that nodes within the same community might gather together geographically. However, the method of community detection is based on the idea that there are more links within the community than that connect nodes in different communities, and there is no analysis to explain the phenomenon. The statistical models for network analysis usually investigate the characteristics of a network based on the probability theory. This paper analyzes a series of statistical models and selects the MDND model to classify links and nodes in social networks. The model can achieve the same performance as the community detection algorithm when analyzing the structure in the online social network. The construction assumption of the model explains the reasons for the geographically aggregating of nodes in the same community to a degree. The research provides new ideas and methods for nodes classification and geographic characteristics analysis of online social networks and mobile communication networks and makes up for the shortcomings of community detection methods that do not explain the principle of network generation. A natural progression of this work is to geographically analyze the characteristics of social networks and provide assistance for advertising delivery and Internet management.
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Grubesic, Tony H., Timothy C. Matisziw, and David A. J. Ripley. "Approximating the Geographical Characteristics of Internet Activity." Journal of Urban Technology 18, no. 1 (January 2011): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2011.578409.

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Todorovic, Marina. "Agricultural-geographical characteristics of the Ljig municipality." Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cviji?, SASA, no. 55 (2006): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ijgi0655121t.

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Sookyung, PARK. "Geographical Characteristics of Telemedicine in Korea and Japan." Geographical review of Japan series B 83, no. 1 (2010): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4157/geogrevjapanb.83.32.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Geographical characteristics"

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Phaladi, Raesetje Florina. "An analysis of rainy season characteristics over the Limpopo region." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4793.

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This thesis investigates characteristics of the summer rainy season over the Limpopo region that are important to the agricultural sector and other user groups. The Limpopo region supports a large rural population dependent on rain-fed agriculture as well as significant biodiversity, particularly in the Kruger National/Limpopo Transfrontier Park and is vulnerable to severe flood and drought events. REcently, the region has been impacted by severe drought (2002-2004) and flooding in late summer 2000. The rainy season characterisitcs investigated are the frequency of wet and dry spells during the rainy season and the onset date of the season.
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Abba, Omar Sabina. "Understanding the characteristics of cut-off lows over the Western Cape, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32478.

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Cut-off lows (COLs) are an important rainfall source in the Western Cape. While several studies have examined the devastating impacts of COLs during extreme rainfall events, little is known about the characteristics of COLs during droughts and how the characteristics are influenced by the South African complex topography. This thesis investigates the interannual variability of COLs and COL precipitation over Western Cape, with a focus on the 2015 - 2017 drought that affected the region and examines how well climate models simulate the variability. It also studies how the complex topography of South Africa influences the COLs characteristics. Four types of datasets (observation, satellite, reanalysis, and simulation) were analysed for the thesis. The observation, satellite and reanalysis data were analysed from the period 1979-2017, while two simulations were performed using a regional climate model (called WRF) and a variable grid model (called MPAS) for the period 2007-2017. A COL tracking algorithm was used to extract all the COLs that occurred in the vicinity of the Western Cape during the study periods. The Self Organising Map (SOM) was used to classify the COLs into groups based on their precipitation patterns. The upper-air data was analysed to study the characteristics of the COLs in each group. To examine the role of topography on COLs, WRF was applied to simulate three COLs over real and three idealised terrains (i.e. "no topography", "only-west-topography" and "only east topography"). The results show that, on average, the Western Cape experiences 10 COLs per year and the COLs contribute about 11% of the annual precipitation over the province, although with a large interannual variability. In 2015 and 2016, the COLs occurred more frequently than normal, with more than normal precipitation contribution, thereby reducing the drought severity in the two years. Contrarily, in 2017, the COL frequency and precipitation contribution were less than normal, because COLs were mainly seen further south. Nevertheless, we found that an increase in annual COL frequency does not always lead to an increase in the annual COL precipitation, because the COLs produce different amounts of precipitation. More than 45% of the COLs over the Western Cape produces little or no precipitation. The SOM results reveal that the spatial distribution of COL iv precipitation can be grouped into four major patterns. The first pattern indicates precipitation over the entire Western Cape while the second shows little or no precipitation; the third and fourth patterns feature precipitation over south-east coast and south-west coast, respectively. The major difference between the first pattern (i.e. wet cols) and the second pattern (dry COLs) is that while the wet COL is associated with a southward transport of warm and moist tropical air towards the Western Cape, the dry COL is not. Hence, the contrast between the warm and cold air mass is weaker in dry COLs than in its wet counterpart. The models (WRF and MPAS) capture the seasonal and annual climatologies of COLs and their precipitation. However, they do not always capture the inter-annual variability, with WRF outperforming MPAS in general and during the drought period. Both models represented all the COL precipitation patterns well but under-estimated the frequency of dry COLs throughout the seasons. However, the models were able to simulate the general observed differences between dry and wet COLs. WRF simulation shows that topography influences the precipitation, track, formation and vertical structure of COLs. Topography provides the additional forcing needed for COL formation. The results of this study may be applied to improve monitoring and prediction of extreme rainfall events over the Western Cape.
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Lin, Tzu-Feng Marlene. "Differences among executive development programs in countries grouped by geographical location and cultural characteristics /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9953876.

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Hachigonta, Sepo Promise. "An investigation into dry and wet spell characteristics over Zambia and into the onset of the rainy season." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4857.

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Recurring dry/wet spells and decreased agricultural productivity during the last decade in the southern and northern parts of Zambia point to the need for a clearer understanding of these events, their frequencies and their possible connection to large-scale climate modes. Apart from having a high number of dry spells during the December-February (DJF) core rainy season, the southern part of Zambia is frequently subjected to late onset dates and short durations of the rainy season whereas the northern and northwestern region frequently have high numbers of wet spells which in most cases lead to flooding. Using CMAP and station data, rainfall variability in terms of dry spells, wet spells, onset and cessation dates of the Zambian rainy season and the associated circulation anomalies are investigated. The study also looks at relationship between these extreme events with Nin03.4 SST anomalies. Low level easterly anomalies over Zambia are enhanced during seasons with high dry spells. As a result, there is reduced moisture penetration into Zambia from the Angola low and reduced low level moisture convergence over the country and hence increased dry spells. During the seasons with high numbers of wet spells, there are low level westerly anomalies over southern Angola and western Zambia implying a strong moisture influx from the tropical South East Atlantic and increased convergence over Zambia. It was shown that El Nino (La Nina) events typically result in above (below) average DJF dry spell frequency in Zambia. Early onset dates over the northern parts of Zambia were observed to occur during strong El Nino seasons and the strength of the observed relationship with Nin03.4 SSTs seems to be stronger for years during the 1980s than those during the 1990s. Early onset dates tend to occur for years with higher than average dry spell frequency in the following DJF season. This suggests that early onset may be a disadvantage in that it often leads to more dry spells during the subsequent peak growing period of the season.
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Al-Harra, A. I. A. "The foodstuffs manufacturing industry in Saudi Arabia in the 1990s : geographical characteristics and future prospects." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635678.

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The main aims are to examine the geographic characteristics of the food processing industry in Saudi Arabia, to contribute to the understanding of the economic geography of the industry, to investigate the important role which the foodstuffs industry can play in encouragement and stimulation of the indigenous manufacturing in countries where industrial development is still in the early stages, to assess the value of the industry to Saudi Arabia and provide a sound basis on which to take decisions on the planning of the future of Saudi Arabia. Lack of literature on Saudi's foodstuffs industry, despite its importance, provides the justification for the study. Saudi Arabia started its modern development with the discovery of large oil reserves in the late 1930s. In the early part of the 1970s, the foodstuffs manufacturing industry began modern industrial development, benefiting from the economic boom. In 1974, as part of government policy to encourage private sector involvement in manufacturing, the industrial policy was issued to support and encourage small and medium industrial projects, including foodstuffs manufacturing industry. Three sources of data were used for the study. The first was the secondary data, especially from the Ministry of Industry and Electricity. The second source was a questionnaire survey of 128 of the 324 registered foodstuffs manufacturing factories. The third source was personal interviews with official persons. Analysis of the data available is used as the basis for description and explanation. Forecasting to 2010 was undertaken.
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Vangile, Kirsten M. "Childhood Cancer Survivors: Patient Characteristics." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/51.

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Survivors of childhood cancer are a relatively new phenomenon in the medical world. The introduction of treatment protocols in the 1970s started a trend in curing children of cancer that historically had been a death sentence. Under these treatment protocols children were given different treatment regimens based on past research that helped remove cancerous cells from their bodies, but were later found to be the cause of treatment related morbidities years into the future; for most survivors roughly ten to 20 years post treatment. These morbidities, commonly called late-effects, are the prime reason that survivors of childhood cancer need to participate in survivorship care. Survivors of childhood cancer are particularly vulnerable to late-effects because the majority of them receive their treatment at a time when their bodies are still growing and developing. Survivorship care services vary by site, but all maintain the common goals of providing long-term follow up for the survivor and education about the ways in which treatments may affect a survivors’ health as they age. Similar to many other facets of healthcare and medicine, there are many populations who do not participate in survivorship care. The purpose of this research is to identify possible barriers to care, assess the level of impact these barriers have upon the survivor’s potential for participation and provide suggestions as to how these barriers can be mitigated. Additionally, this research highlights areas that need further research and analysis.
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Kloppers, Pierre-Louis. "Investigating the relationships between wheat-specific rainfall characteristics, large-scale modes of climate variability and wheat yields in the Swartland region, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13214.

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Wheat producers in the South Western Cape (SWC) of South Africa need to cope with biophysical and socio-economic systems exposing farmers to a multidimensional decision- making environment. The rain fed wheat production in the Swartland region is highly susceptible to the interannual variability of winter rainfall. Producers, therefore, need relevant climatic information to identify ways to improve profitability and to make sound economic decisions. Seasonal forecasting has the potential to provide wheat producers with invaluable information regarding the climatic conditions. However, due to the complex nature of the atmospheric dynamics associated with winter rainfall in South Africa, seasonal forecasting models have been found to have very little skill in predicting the variability of winter rainfall. Such a shortfall has created a gap for which this study has attempted to bridge. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between wheat-specific rainfall characteristics, large-scale modes of climate variability and wheat yields in the Swartland region to assess whether these relationships could provide useful climatic information to the wheat farmers. Six wheat-specific rainfall characteristics (total rainfall ; number of wet days ; number of ‘good’ rainfall events; number of heavy rainfall events; percentage ‘good’ rainfall ; and the number of dry dekads ) on various time scales (winter; seasonal; monthly and dekadal) were correlated against wheat yield records over a 17 year period from 1994 to 2010. From this analysis, the distribution and timing of the rainfall throughout the wheat growing season (April to September) emerged as an important determinant of wheat yield. An accurate statistical wheat prediction model was created using farmer stipulated rainfall- wheat yield thresholds. Three teleconnections (El Niño-Southern Oscillation [ENSO], Antarctic Oscillation [AAO] and South Atlantic sea surface temperatures [SSTs]) represented by eight climate indices (Nino 3.4 Index, Ocean Nino Index [ONI], Southern Oscillation Index [SOI], AAO index, Southern Annular Mode Index [SAM], South Atlantic Dipole Index [SADI], South Western Atlantic SST Index [SWAI] and South Central Atlantic SST Index [SCAI]), were correlated against wheat yield data over a 17 year period from 1994 to 2010. The relationships between the three teleconnections and wheat yield in the Swartland were established. Teleconnection-wheat yield correlations were found to be limited, with regards to the application of this information to farmers, due to the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of how the three teleconnections influence the local climate and, therefore, the wheat yield in the Swartland. The eight climate indices, representing the three teleconnections, were correlated against the six wheat-specific rainfall characteristic indices from each of the three study areas over the period from 1980 to 2012. The state of ENSO during the first half of the year was shown to be correlated with rainfall characteristics during both the first (April to July) and second (July to September) halves of the wheat growing season; however, these correlations differ ed in their sign. Correlations suggested a negative phase of AAO was associated with above normal rainfall throughout the year across the Swartland region. Sea surface temperatures in the central South Atlantic during March to October showed significant negative correlations with rainfall during the latter half of the wheat growing season (July to October) across the Swartland region. This study presented evidence supporting the plausibility and validity for the use of the state of large-scale modes of variability in the prediction of wheat-specific rainfall characteristics and aggregated yields in the Swartland region. This has the potential to provide useful information to wheat farmers in the Swartland to aid in their decision making process
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Nichols, Samantha Laura, and 黎焯霖. "Sustainable transport in Hong Kong : reshuffling the transport hierarchy based on geographical and trip characteristics variations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/212625.

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With the increased concern as to sustainable development in recent years, there is a need to develop a sustainable transport system as urban transportation plays an important role in cities. Transportation is an important part of daily life as it is related to mobility; and enhanced mobility will contribute to economic development and improve the quality of life. However, the most commonly used transport modes (i.e. motorised transportation) have contributed to heavy air and noise pollution, degrading our environment and affecting people’s quality of life. With this unsustainable urban transport system, there is an urgent need to apply the principles of sustainable development to the development of the transport system. The aim of this study is to revisit the general transport hierarchy, examine how the hierarchy varies according to geographical and trip characteristics, and propose new sustainable transport hierarchies that take local contexts, availability of existing infrastructures, travel distance, and income level into consideration. In this study, Hong Kong is chosen as the focus of the study despite the fact that government has already identified the heavy rail system as the backbone of Hong Kong’s transport system, and 90% of all travel trips in Hong Kong are carried out on public transport, yet there is much room for improvements, for example the high roadside air pollution, the public transport are not fully utilised, non-motorised transport modes are not widely used, and the public transport fares are on the high side. The Travel Characteristics Survey 2001 will be used for examining trip characteristic variations in Hong Kong. The findings suggest that the general transport hierarchies in Hong Kong do not match with the theoretically most sustainable transport hierarchy. Furthermore, the findings suggest that travel distance and income level have an effect on people’s choice of transport modes. The results give a better understanding of the overall sustainability of Hong Kong’s transport system and its local variations so that supportive policy can be formulated to further promote sustainable transportation based on the local characteristics, such as the availability of infrastructure, and the socio-economic and travel characteristics of residents in different districts.
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Geography
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Zhao, Yue. "THE STATISTICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACTS OF SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ON BUS-STOP DAILY BOARDING IN RICHMOND CITY." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4030.

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At present, Richmond, Virginia only has bus transit services provided by the Greater Richmond Transit Company (GRTC) and primarily concentrated within the boundary of Richmond City. GRTC is impacted by both supply-side and demand-side factors, notably socioeconomic characteristics of bus riders, bus ridership is unevenly distributed across different bus stops. This thesis will conduct statistical and geographical analysis on the impacts of socioeconomic characteristics on bus-stop daily boarding in Richmond City. The statistical analysis includes both correlation analysis and regression analysis, assuming one dependent variable (bus-stop daily boarding) and fourteen independent variables (most of which describe socioeconomic characteristics of bus riders) at aggregated census block group levels. The research concentrates on local bus routes and the block groups with local bus stops in Richmond. This empirical study aims to identify the significant factors impacting bus ridership and assess the bus service situation for affected block groups (under-served or over-served). The study outcomes, such as the number of bus lines as the most important factor impacting ridership, will have important implications for Richmond’s local transit planning and decision-making.
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Ozuduru, Burcu H. "An empirical analysis of shopping center locations in Ohio." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1157038477.

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Books on the topic "Geographical characteristics"

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li-sṭaṭisṭiḳah, Israel Lishkah ha-merkazit. Population in localities: Demographic characteristics by geographical divisions, 1991. Jerusalem: The Bureau, 1993.

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Ontario. Ministry of Citizenship and Culture. Multicultural Program. Ontario's Ethnocultural Population, 1981: Socio-Economic Characteristics and Geographical Distributions. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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Pak, Sun-chʻan. Specialization and geographical concentration in East Asia: Trend and industry characteristics. Seoul, Korea: Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, 2003.

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M, Baker A., Kalbach Warren E, and Ontario. Ministry of Citizenship and Culture., eds. Ontario's ethnocultural population, 1981: Socio-economic characteristics and geographical distributions : a report. Toronto, Canada: The Ministry, 1985.

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Horvath, Eric. Distribution, abundance, and nest site characteristics of purple martins in Oregon. [Corvallis, OR]: Wildlife Diversity Program, Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, 1999.

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Horvath, Eric. Distribution, abundance, and nest site characteristics of purple martins in Oregon. [Corvallis, OR]: Wildlife Diversity Program, Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, 1999.

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Moisio, Sami. Karhu poliittis-maantieteellisenä naapurina: Kansallinen identiteettiprojekti 2000-luvun Suomessa = The bear as a political geographical neighbour : the national identity project in twenty first century Finland. Turku: Maantieteen laitos, Turun yliopisto, 2002.

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Lawrence, Hayward Arthur. The Dickens encyclopaedia: An alphabetical dictionary of references to every character and place mentioned in the works of fiction, with explanatory notes on obscure allusions and phrases. [England?]: Promotional Reprint Co., 1995.

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Dark, Thomas A. Distribution, abundance, and biological characteristics of groundfish off the coast of Washington, Oregon, and California, 1977-1986. Seattle, Wash. (7600 Sand Point Way, NE, BIN C15700, Seattle 98115-0070): U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1994.

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Dark, Thomas A. Distribution, abundance, and biological characteristics of groundfish off the coast of Washington, Oregon, and California, 1977-1986. [Seatle, Washington (7600 Sand Point Way, NE, BIN C15700, Seatle 98115-0070)]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Geographical characteristics"

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Quiroga, C. A., V. P. Singh, and S. S. Iyengar. "Spatial Data Characteristics." In Geographical Information Systems in Hydrology, 65–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8745-7_4.

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Yembuu, Batchuluun. "General Geographical Characteristics of Mongolia." In The Physical Geography of Mongolia, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61434-8_1.

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Zheng, Huangjie, Jiangchao Yao, and Ya Zhang. "Describing Geographical Characteristics with Social Images." In MultiMedia Modeling, 115–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51811-4_10.

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Cao, Chunxiang, Min Xu, Patcharin Kamsing, Sornkitja Boonprong, Peera Yomwan, and Apitach Saokarn. "Geographical Characteristics of the Study Area." In Environmental Remote Sensing in Flooding Areas, 3–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8202-8_1.

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Ai, Chuan, Bin Chen, Lingnan He, Yichong Bai, Liang Liu, Xingbing Li, Zhichao Song, and Xiaogang Qiu. "The Geographical Characteristics of WeChat Propagation Network." In Theory, Methodology, Tools and Applications for Modeling and Simulation of Complex Systems, 282–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2672-0_29.

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Kobayashi, Kaori, Daisuke Kitayama, and Kazutoshi Sumiya. "Cinematic Street: Automatic Street View Walk-through System Using Characteristics of Modified Maps." In Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, 142–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19173-2_12.

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Wang, Zihao, Jun Li, Yan Zhu, Zhenwei Li, and Wenle Lu. "Analyzing Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Taxi Drivers’ Cognition to Passenger Source Based on Trajectory Data." In Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, 90–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60952-8_9.

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Barović, Goran, Velibor Spalević, Vladimir Pešić, and Duško Vujačić. "The Physical and Geographical Characteristics of the Lake Skadar Basin." In The Skadar/Shkodra Lake Environment, 11–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2018_276.

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Ikeda, Satoshi, Nobuharu Kami, and Takashi Yoshikawa. "Ranking Location-Dependent Keywords to Extract Geographical Characteristics from Microblogs." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 237–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36608-6_15.

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Ruban, Georgii Igorevich. "Geographical Distribution, Ecological and Biological Characteristics of the Siberian Sturgeon Species." In The Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869) Volume 1 - Biology, 3–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61664-3_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Geographical characteristics"

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Cherednichenko M.Yu., M. Yu, and A. S. Elenchuk A.S. "Biological and geographical characteristics Lavandula latifolia Medik." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-47.

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The article presents the characteristics of the geographical distribution of broadleaved lavender, as well as the features of the flower morphology of this species in comparison with other common species of the genus.
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Liu, Yong, Wei Wei, Aixin Sun, and Chunyan Miao. "Exploiting Geographical Neighborhood Characteristics for Location Recommendation." In CIKM '14: 2014 ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2661829.2662002.

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Polivanova, O. B., S. N. Kalugina, and M. Yu Cherednichenko. "Botanical and geographical characteristics of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-66.

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The review is devoted to the geographical distribution of a valuable medicinal species of the genus Skullcap – Baikal skullcap. The characteristics of the morphology of the flower and fruit, as well as the habitus of this plant are given.
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Glazunova, Gloria F., Ilsia F. Gayfutdinova, and Igor F. Galanin. "BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WHITE BREAM BLICCA BJOERKNA (LINNEUS, 1758) IN THE UPPER PART OF THE VOLZHSKY SECTION OF THE KUYBYSHEV WATER RESERVOIR." In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-128-130.

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Бакланов, П. Я. "GEOGRAPHICAL GRADIENTS - AS A MEASUREMENT OF GEOGRAPHICAL SPACE." In Геосистемы Северо-Восточной Азии. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2021.56.55.002.

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Предлагается более широкий круг градиентных измерений географического пространства. В природной сфере – различия в биоразнообразии и ландшафтном разнообразии. В природно-ресурсной сфере – различия в запасах и продуктивности природных ресурсов, имеющих пространственно непрерывное распределение (лесных, земельных), а также – различия в сочетаниях природных ресурсов. Возможны градиентные оценки различий расчетных величин, например, суммарного природно-ресурсного потенциала. В экологической сфере в виде градиентов можно оценивать различия в загрязнении или нарушенности земельного, растительного покрова. В социально-экономической сфере с помощью градиентов можно оценивать различия ряда расчетных величин: плотности населения, экономической плотности, полей тяготения поселений, поля потенциальных затрат и т.п. Предлагается градиентное измерение различий однородных характеристик поселения-центра и сочетания поселений, входящих в круг с условно единичным радиусом, проведенным из центра. A wider range of gradient dimensions of geographical space is proposed. In the natural sphere these are differences in biodiversity and landscape diversity. In the natural resource sphere these are differences in the reserves and productivity of natural resources, which have a spatially continuous distribution (forest, land), as well as differences in the combinations of natural resources. Gradient estimates of differences in the calculated values, such as the total natural resource potential, are possible. In the environmental sphere, differences in pollution or disturbance of land and vegetation cover can be estimated as gradients. In the socio-economic sphere, the gradients can be used to estimate differences in a number of calculated values: population density, economic density, gravity fields of settlements, potential cost fields, etc. A gradient measurement of differences in the homogeneous characteristics of a settlement-center and a combination of settlements, entering the circle with a conventionally single radius drawn from the center, is proposed.
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Akgiş, Öznur, and Erdal Karakaş. "SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND GEOGRAPHICAL DETERMINANTS OF INCOME POVERTY IN TURKEY." In International Scientific Conference GEOBALCANICA 2017. Geobalcanica Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18509/gbp.2017.34.

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Wang, Tianxiao. "Traffic Safety Regional Gradient Characteristics Analysis Based on Geographical Factors." In Third International Conference on Transportation Engineering (ICTE). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41184(419)515.

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Demirci, Saadat. "The Effect of Geographical Factors on State Policies and Economy." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00771.

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This study emphasizes environmental, especially spatial and geographical factors and determining and conditioning effects of economical and political behaviors of states. Natural values, location and geography determine policies and economic welfare of states. Various geographic characteristics and climates determine potential power of states. States, that have natural wealth and using will of this wealth, create economical and then political power. The main goal of this study is to analyze the concept of location and relation between power and its components.
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Mynbayeva, Bakhyt. "GEOGRAPHICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINBOW TROUT NATURALIZED POPULATION IN KAZAKHSTAN." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/52/s20.055.

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Su, Yijun, Xiang Li, Baoping Liu, Daren Zha, Ji Xiang, Wei Tang, and Neng Gao. "FGCRec: Fine-Grained Geographical Characteristics Modeling for Point-of-Interest Recommendation." In ICC 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc40277.2020.9148797.

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Reports on the topic "Geographical characteristics"

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Wittke, Helen. An analysis of geographical concepts and characteristics of maps in selected textbooks. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.695.

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Lesesne, Sarah, Lucia Smith, and David Rein. Characteristics and geographic dispersion of syndromic surveillance systems in the United States in 2008. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI Press, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2010.rr.0013.1011.

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Sabogal-Cardona, Orlando, Lynn Scholl, Daniel Oviedo, Amado Crotte, and Felipe Bedoya. Not My Usual Trip: Ride-hailing Characterization in Mexico City. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003516.

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With a few exceptions, research on ride-hailing has focused on North American cities. Previous studies have identified the characteristics and preferences of ride-hailing adopters in a handful of cities. However, given their marked geographical focus, the relevance and applicability of such work to the practice of transport planning and regulation in cities in the Global South is minimal. In developing cities, the entrance of new transport services follows very different trajectories to those in North America and Europe, facing additional social, economic, and cultural challenges, and involving different strategies. Moreover, the determinants of mode choice might be mediated by social issues such as the perception of crime and the risk of sexual harassment in public transportation, which is often experienced by women in large cities such as Mexico. This paper examines ride-hailing in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City, unpacking the characteristics of its users, the ways they differ from users of other transport modes, and the implications for urban mobility. Building on the household travel survey from 2017, our analytical approach is based on a set of categorical models. Findings suggest that gender, age, education, and being more mobile are determinants of ride-hailing adoption. The analysis shows that ride-hailing is used for occasional trips, and it is usually done for leisure and health trips as well as for night trips. The study also reflects on ride-hailings implications for the way women access the city.
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Furey, John, Austin Davis, and Jennifer Seiter-Moser. Natural language indexing for pedoinformatics. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41960.

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The multiple schema for the classification of soils rely on differing criteria but the major soil science systems, including the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the international harmonized World Reference Base for Soil Resources soil classification systems, are primarily based on inferred pedogenesis. Largely these classifications are compiled from individual observations of soil characteristics within soil profiles, and the vast majority of this pedologic information is contained in nonquantitative text descriptions. We present initial text mining analyses of parsed text in the digitally available USDA soil taxonomy documentation and the Soil Survey Geographic database. Previous research has shown that latent information structure can be extracted from scientific literature using Natural Language Processing techniques, and we show that this latent information can be used to expedite query performance by using syntactic elements and part-of-speech tags as indices. Technical vocabulary often poses a text mining challenge due to the rarity of its diction in the broader context. We introduce an extension to the common English vocabulary that allows for nearly-complete indexing of USDA Soil Series Descriptions.
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Hunter, Margaret, Jijo K. Mathew, Ed Cox, Matthew Blackwell, and Darcy M. Bullock. Estimation of Connected Vehicle Penetration Rate on Indiana Roadways. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317343.

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Over 400 billion passenger vehicle trajectory waypoints are collected each month in the United States. This data creates many new opportunities for agencies to assess operational characteristics of roadways for more agile management of resources. This study compared traffic counts obtained from 24 Indiana Department of Transportation traffic counts stations with counts derived by the vehicle trajectories during the same periods. These stations were geographically distributed throughout Indiana with 13 locations on interstates and 11 locations on state or US roads. A Wednesday and a Saturday in January, August, and September 2020 are analyzed. The results show that the analyzed interstates had an average penetration of 4.3% with a standard deviation of 1.0. The non-interstate roads had an average penetration of 5.0% with a standard deviation of 1.36. These penetration levels suggest that connected vehicle data can provide a valuable data source for developing scalable roadway performance measures. Since all agencies currently have a highway monitoring system using fixed infrastructure, this paper concludes by recommending agencies integrate a connected vehicle penetration monitoring program into their traditional highway count station program to monitor the growing penetration of connected cars and trucks.
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Agrawal, Asha Weinstein, Hilary Nixon, and Cameron Simmons. Investing in California’s Transportation Future: Public Opinion on Critical Needs. Mineta Transportation Institute, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1861.

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In 2017, the State of California adopted landmark legislation to increase the funds available for transportation in the state: Senate Bill 1 (SB1), the Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017. Through a combination of higher gas and diesel motor fuel taxes, SB1 raises revenue for four critical transportation needs in the state: road maintenance and rehabilitation, relief from congestion, improvements to trade corridors, and improving transit and rail services. To help state leaders identify the most important projects and programs to fund within those four topical areas, we conducted an online survey that asked a sample of 3,574 adult Californians their thoughts on how the state can achieve the SB1 objectives. The survey was administered from April to August 2019 with a survey platform and panel of respondents managed by Qualtrics. Quota sampling ensured that the final sample closely reflects California adults in terms of key socio-demographic characteristics and geographic distribution. Key findings included very strong support for improving all transportation modes, reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from transportation, and more convenient options to travel without driving. Respondents placed particular value on better maintenance for both local streets and roads, as well as highways. Finally, the majority of respondents assessed all types of transportation infrastructure in their communities as somewhat or very good.
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Cooper, Christopher, Jacob McDonald, and Eric Starkey. Wadeable stream habitat monitoring at Congaree National Park: 2018 baseline report. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286621.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) Wadeable Stream Habitat Monitoring Protocol collects data to give park resource managers insight into the status of and trends in stream and near-channel habitat conditions (McDonald et al. 2018a). Wadeable stream monitoring is currently implemented at the five SECN inland parks with wadeable streams. These parks include Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU), Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), and Congaree National Park (CONG). Streams at Congaree National Park chosen for monitoring were specifically targeted for management interest (e.g., upstream development and land use change, visitor use of streams as canoe trails, and potential social walking trail erosion) or to provide a context for similar-sized stream(s) within the park or network (McDonald and Starkey 2018a). The objectives of the SECN wadeable stream habitat monitoring protocol are to: Determine status of upstream watershed characteristics (basin morphology) and trends in land cover that may affect stream habitat, Determine the status of and trends in benthic and near-channel habitat in selected wadeable stream reaches (e.g., bed sediment, geomorphic channel units, and large woody debris), Determine the status of and trends in cross-sectional morphology, longitudinal gradient, and sinuosity of selected wadeable stream reaches. Between June 11 and 14, 2018, data were collected at Congaree National Park to characterize the in-stream and near-channel habitat within stream reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) and McKenzie Creek (CONG004). These data, along with the analysis of remotely sensed geographic information system (GIS) data, are presented in this report to describe and compare the watershed-, reach-, and transect-scale characteristics of these four stream reaches to each other and to selected similar-sized stream reaches at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, and Chattahoochee National Recreation Area. Surveyed stream reaches at Congaree NP were compared to those previously surveyed in other parks in order to provide regional context and aid in interpretation of results. edar Creek’s watershed (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) drains nearly 200 square kilometers (77.22 square miles [mi2]) of the Congaree River Valley Terrace complex and upper Coastal Plain to the north of the park (Shelley 2007a, 2007b). Cedar Creek’s watershed has low slope and is covered mainly by forests and grasslands. Cedar Creek is designated an “Outstanding Resource Water” by the state of South Carolina (S.C. Code Regs. 61–68 [2014] and S.C. Code Regs. 61–69 [2012]) from the boundary of the park downstream to Wise Lake. Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ (CONG001) is located just downstream (south) of the park’s Bannister Bridge canoe landing, which is located off Old Bluff Road and south of the confluence with Meyers Creek. Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ (CONG002 and CONG003, respectively) are located downstream of Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ where Cedar Creek flows into the relatively flat backswamp of the Congaree River flood plain. Based on the geomorphic and land cover characteristics of the watershed, monitored reaches on Cedar Creek are likely to flood often and drain slowly. Flooding is more likely at Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ than at Cedar Creek ‘upstream.’ This is due to the higher (relative to CONG001) connectivity between the channels of the lower reaches and their out-of-channel areas. Based on bed sediment characteristics, the heterogeneity of geomorphic channel units (GCUs) within each reach, and the abundance of large woody debris (LWD), in-stream habitat within each of the surveyed reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001–003) was classified as ‘fair to good.’ Although, there is extensive evidence of animal activity...
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Kindt, Roeland, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, and James M Roshetko. The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21001.pdf.

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A systematic approach to tree planting and management globally is hindered by the limited synthesis of information sources on tree uses and species priorities. To help address this, the authors ‘mined’ information from 23 online global and regional databases to assemble a list of the most frequent tree species deemed useful for planting according to database mentions, with a focus on tropical regions. Using a simple vote count approach for ranking species, we obtained a shortlist of 100 trees mentioned in at least 10 of our data sources (the ‘top-100’ species). A longer list of 830 trees that were mentioned at least five times was also compiled. Our ‘top-100’ list indicated that the family Fabaceae (syn. Leguminosae) was most common. The information associated with our mined data sources indicated that the ‘top-100’ list consisted of a complementary group of species of differing uses. These included the following: for wood (mostly for timber) and fuel production, human nutrition, animal fodder supply, and environmental service provision (varied services). Of these uses, wood was most frequently specified, with fuel and food use also highly important. Many of the ‘top-100’ species were assigned multiple uses. The majority of the ‘top-100’ species had weediness characteristics according to ‘attribute’ invasiveness databases that were also reviewed, thereby demonstrating potential environmental concerns associated with tree planting that need to be balanced against environmental and livelihood benefits. Less than half of the ‘top-100’ species were included in the OECD Scheme for the Certification of Forest Reproductive Material, thus supporting a view that lack of germplasm access is a common concern for trees. A comparison of the ‘top-100’ species with regionally-defined tree inventories indicated their diverse continental origins, as would be anticipated from a global analysis. However, compared to baseline expectations, some geographic regions were better represented than others. Our analysis assists in priority-setting for research and serves as a guide to practical tree planting initiatives. We stress that this ‘top-100’ list does not necessarily represent tree priorities for the future, but provides a starting point for also addressing representation gaps. Indeed, our primary concern going forward is with the latter.
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Henderson, Tim, Mincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285306.

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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile for this unit. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be recorded such that other researchers may evaluate it in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN, methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285337.

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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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