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1
Phaladi, Raesetje Florina. "An analysis of rainy season characteristics over the Limpopo region." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4793.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-126).This thesis investigates characteristics of the summer rainy season over the Limpopo region that are important to the agricultural sector and other user groups. The Limpopo region supports a large rural population dependent on rain-fed agriculture as well as significant biodiversity, particularly in the Kruger National/Limpopo Transfrontier Park and is vulnerable to severe flood and drought events. REcently, the region has been impacted by severe drought (2002-2004) and flooding in late summer 2000. The rainy season characterisitcs investigated are the frequency of wet and dry spells during the rainy season and the onset date of the season.
2
Abba, Omar Sabina. "Understanding the characteristics of cut-off lows over the Western Cape, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32478.
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Cut-off lows (COLs) are an important rainfall source in the Western Cape. While several
studies have examined the devastating impacts of COLs during extreme rainfall events,
little is known about the characteristics of COLs during droughts and how the
characteristics are influenced by the South African complex topography. This thesis
investigates the interannual variability of COLs and COL precipitation over Western Cape,
with a focus on the 2015 - 2017 drought that affected the region and examines how well
climate models simulate the variability. It also studies how the complex topography of
South Africa influences the COLs characteristics. Four types of datasets (observation,
satellite, reanalysis, and simulation) were analysed for the thesis. The observation,
satellite and reanalysis data were analysed from the period 1979-2017, while two
simulations were performed using a regional climate model (called WRF) and a variable
grid model (called MPAS) for the period 2007-2017. A COL tracking algorithm was used
to extract all the COLs that occurred in the vicinity of the Western Cape during the study
periods. The Self Organising Map (SOM) was used to classify the COLs into groups
based on their precipitation patterns. The upper-air data was analysed to study the
characteristics of the COLs in each group. To examine the role of topography on COLs,
WRF was applied to simulate three COLs over real and three idealised terrains (i.e. "no
topography", "only-west-topography" and "only east topography").
The results show that, on average, the Western Cape experiences 10 COLs per year and
the COLs contribute about 11% of the annual precipitation over the province, although
with a large interannual variability. In 2015 and 2016, the COLs occurred more frequently
than normal, with more than normal precipitation contribution, thereby reducing the
drought severity in the two years. Contrarily, in 2017, the COL frequency and precipitation
contribution were less than normal, because COLs were mainly seen further south.
Nevertheless, we found that an increase in annual COL frequency does not always lead
to an increase in the annual COL precipitation, because the COLs produce different
amounts of precipitation. More than 45% of the COLs over the Western Cape produces
little or no precipitation. The SOM results reveal that the spatial distribution of COL
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precipitation can be grouped into four major patterns. The first pattern indicates
precipitation over the entire Western Cape while the second shows little or no
precipitation; the third and fourth patterns feature precipitation over south-east coast and
south-west coast, respectively. The major difference between the first pattern (i.e. wet
cols) and the second pattern (dry COLs) is that while the wet COL is associated with a
southward transport of warm and moist tropical air towards the Western Cape, the dry
COL is not. Hence, the contrast between the warm and cold air mass is weaker in dry
COLs than in its wet counterpart.
The models (WRF and MPAS) capture the seasonal and annual climatologies of COLs
and their precipitation. However, they do not always capture the inter-annual variability,
with WRF outperforming MPAS in general and during the drought period. Both models
represented all the COL precipitation patterns well but under-estimated the frequency of
dry COLs throughout the seasons. However, the models were able to simulate the
general observed differences between dry and wet COLs. WRF simulation shows that
topography influences the precipitation, track, formation and vertical structure of COLs.
Topography provides the additional forcing needed for COL formation. The results of this
study may be applied to improve monitoring and prediction of extreme rainfall events over
the Western Cape.
3
Lin, Tzu-Feng Marlene. "Differences among executive development programs in countries grouped by geographical location and cultural characteristics /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9953876.
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Hachigonta, Sepo Promise. "An investigation into dry and wet spell characteristics over Zambia and into the onset of the rainy season." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4857.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-124).Recurring dry/wet spells and decreased agricultural productivity during the last decade in the southern and northern parts of Zambia point to the need for a clearer understanding of these events, their frequencies and their possible connection to large-scale climate modes. Apart from having a high number of dry spells during the December-February (DJF) core rainy season, the southern part of Zambia is frequently subjected to late onset dates and short durations of the rainy season whereas the northern and northwestern region frequently have high numbers of wet spells which in most cases lead to flooding. Using CMAP and station data, rainfall variability in terms of dry spells, wet spells, onset and cessation dates of the Zambian rainy season and the associated circulation anomalies are investigated. The study also looks at relationship between these extreme events with Nin03.4 SST anomalies. Low level easterly anomalies over Zambia are enhanced during seasons with high dry spells. As a result, there is reduced moisture penetration into Zambia from the Angola low and reduced low level moisture convergence over the country and hence increased dry spells. During the seasons with high numbers of wet spells, there are low level westerly anomalies over southern Angola and western Zambia implying a strong moisture influx from the tropical South East Atlantic and increased convergence over Zambia. It was shown that El Nino (La Nina) events typically result in above (below) average DJF dry spell frequency in Zambia. Early onset dates over the northern parts of Zambia were observed to occur during strong El Nino seasons and the strength of the observed relationship with Nin03.4 SSTs seems to be stronger for years during the 1980s than those during the 1990s. Early onset dates tend to occur for years with higher than average dry spell frequency in the following DJF season. This suggests that early onset may be a disadvantage in that it often leads to more dry spells during the subsequent peak growing period of the season.
5
Al-Harra, A. I. A. "The foodstuffs manufacturing industry in Saudi Arabia in the 1990s : geographical characteristics and future prospects." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635678.
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The main aims are to examine the geographic characteristics of the food processing industry in Saudi Arabia, to contribute to the understanding of the economic geography of the industry, to investigate the important role which the foodstuffs industry can play in encouragement and stimulation of the indigenous manufacturing in countries where industrial development is still in the early stages, to assess the value of the industry to Saudi Arabia and provide a sound basis on which to take decisions on the planning of the future of Saudi Arabia. Lack of literature on Saudi's foodstuffs industry, despite its importance, provides the justification for the study. Saudi Arabia started its modern development with the discovery of large oil reserves in the late 1930s. In the early part of the 1970s, the foodstuffs manufacturing industry began modern industrial development, benefiting from the economic boom. In 1974, as part of government policy to encourage private sector involvement in manufacturing, the industrial policy was issued to support and encourage small and medium industrial projects, including foodstuffs manufacturing industry. Three sources of data were used for the study. The first was the secondary data, especially from the Ministry of Industry and Electricity. The second source was a questionnaire survey of 128 of the 324 registered foodstuffs manufacturing factories. The third source was personal interviews with official persons. Analysis of the data available is used as the basis for description and explanation. Forecasting to 2010 was undertaken.
6
Vangile, Kirsten M. "Childhood Cancer Survivors: Patient Characteristics." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/51.
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Survivors of childhood cancer are a relatively new phenomenon in the medical world. The introduction of treatment protocols in the 1970s started a trend in curing children of cancer that historically had been a death sentence. Under these treatment protocols children were given different treatment regimens based on past research that helped remove cancerous cells from their bodies, but were later found to be the cause of treatment related morbidities years into the future; for most survivors roughly ten to 20 years post treatment. These morbidities, commonly called late-effects, are the prime reason that survivors of childhood cancer need to participate in survivorship care. Survivors of childhood cancer are particularly vulnerable to late-effects because the majority of them receive their treatment at a time when their bodies are still growing and developing. Survivorship care services vary by site, but all maintain the common goals of providing long-term follow up for the survivor and education about the ways in which treatments may affect a survivors’ health as they age. Similar to many other facets of healthcare and medicine, there are many populations who do not participate in survivorship care. The purpose of this research is to identify possible barriers to care, assess the level of impact these barriers have upon the survivor’s potential for participation and provide suggestions as to how these barriers can be mitigated. Additionally, this research highlights areas that need further research and analysis.
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Kloppers, Pierre-Louis. "Investigating the relationships between wheat-specific rainfall characteristics, large-scale modes of climate variability and wheat yields in the Swartland region, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13214.
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Includes bibliographical references.Wheat producers in the South Western Cape (SWC) of South Africa need to cope with biophysical and socio-economic systems exposing farmers to a multidimensional decision- making environment. The rain fed wheat production in the Swartland region is highly susceptible to the interannual variability of winter rainfall. Producers, therefore, need relevant climatic information to identify ways to improve profitability and to make sound economic decisions. Seasonal forecasting has the potential to provide wheat producers with invaluable information regarding the climatic conditions. However, due to the complex nature of the atmospheric dynamics associated with winter rainfall in South Africa, seasonal forecasting models have been found to have very little skill in predicting the variability of winter rainfall. Such a shortfall has created a gap for which this study has attempted to bridge. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between wheat-specific rainfall characteristics, large-scale modes of climate variability and wheat yields in the Swartland region to assess whether these relationships could provide useful climatic information to the wheat farmers. Six wheat-specific rainfall characteristics (total rainfall ; number of wet days ; number of ‘good’ rainfall events; number of heavy rainfall events; percentage ‘good’ rainfall ; and the number of dry dekads ) on various time scales (winter; seasonal; monthly and dekadal) were correlated against wheat yield records over a 17 year period from 1994 to 2010. From this analysis, the distribution and timing of the rainfall throughout the wheat growing season (April to September) emerged as an important determinant of wheat yield. An accurate statistical wheat prediction model was created using farmer stipulated rainfall- wheat yield thresholds. Three teleconnections (El Niño-Southern Oscillation [ENSO], Antarctic Oscillation [AAO] and South Atlantic sea surface temperatures [SSTs]) represented by eight climate indices (Nino 3.4 Index, Ocean Nino Index [ONI], Southern Oscillation Index [SOI], AAO index, Southern Annular Mode Index [SAM], South Atlantic Dipole Index [SADI], South Western Atlantic SST Index [SWAI] and South Central Atlantic SST Index [SCAI]), were correlated against wheat yield data over a 17 year period from 1994 to 2010. The relationships between the three teleconnections and wheat yield in the Swartland were established. Teleconnection-wheat yield correlations were found to be limited, with regards to the application of this information to farmers, due to the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of how the three teleconnections influence the local climate and, therefore, the wheat yield in the Swartland. The eight climate indices, representing the three teleconnections, were correlated against the six wheat-specific rainfall characteristic indices from each of the three study areas over the period from 1980 to 2012. The state of ENSO during the first half of the year was shown to be correlated with rainfall characteristics during both the first (April to July) and second (July to September) halves of the wheat growing season; however, these correlations differ ed in their sign. Correlations suggested a negative phase of AAO was associated with above normal rainfall throughout the year across the Swartland region. Sea surface temperatures in the central South Atlantic during March to October showed significant negative correlations with rainfall during the latter half of the wheat growing season (July to October) across the Swartland region. This study presented evidence supporting the plausibility and validity for the use of the state of large-scale modes of variability in the prediction of wheat-specific rainfall characteristics and aggregated yields in the Swartland region. This has the potential to provide useful information to wheat farmers in the Swartland to aid in their decision making process
8
Nichols, Samantha Laura, and 黎焯霖. "Sustainable transport in Hong Kong : reshuffling the transport hierarchy based on geographical and trip characteristics variations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/212625.
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With the increased concern as to sustainable development in recent years, there is a need to develop a sustainable transport system as urban transportation plays an important role in cities. Transportation is an important part of daily life as it is related to mobility; and enhanced mobility will contribute to economic development and improve the quality of life. However, the most commonly used transport modes (i.e. motorised transportation) have contributed to heavy air and noise pollution, degrading our environment and affecting people’s quality of life. With this unsustainable urban transport system, there is an urgent need to apply the principles of sustainable development to the development of the transport system.
The aim of this study is to revisit the general transport hierarchy, examine how the hierarchy varies according to geographical and trip characteristics, and propose new sustainable transport hierarchies that take local contexts, availability of existing infrastructures, travel distance, and income level into consideration. In this study, Hong Kong is chosen as the focus of the study despite the fact that government has already identified the heavy rail system as the backbone of Hong Kong’s transport system, and 90% of all travel trips in Hong Kong are carried out on public transport, yet there is much room for improvements, for example the high roadside air pollution, the public transport are not fully utilised, non-motorised transport modes are not widely used, and the public transport fares are on the high side. The Travel Characteristics Survey 2001 will be used for examining trip characteristic variations in Hong Kong.
The findings suggest that the general transport hierarchies in Hong Kong do not match with the theoretically most sustainable transport hierarchy. Furthermore, the findings suggest that travel distance and income level have an effect on people’s choice of transport modes. The results give a better understanding of the overall sustainability of Hong Kong’s transport system and its local variations so that supportive policy can be formulated to further promote sustainable transportation based on the local characteristics, such as the availability of infrastructure, and the socio-economic and travel characteristics of residents in different districts.published_or_final_version
Geography
Master
Master of Philosophy
9
Zhao, Yue. "THE STATISTICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACTS OF SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ON BUS-STOP DAILY BOARDING IN RICHMOND CITY." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4030.
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At present, Richmond, Virginia only has bus transit services provided by the Greater Richmond Transit Company (GRTC) and primarily concentrated within the boundary of Richmond City. GRTC is impacted by both supply-side and demand-side factors, notably socioeconomic characteristics of bus riders, bus ridership is unevenly distributed across different bus stops.
This thesis will conduct statistical and geographical analysis on the impacts of socioeconomic characteristics on bus-stop daily boarding in Richmond City. The statistical analysis includes both correlation analysis and regression analysis, assuming one dependent variable (bus-stop daily boarding) and fourteen independent variables (most of which describe socioeconomic characteristics of bus riders) at aggregated census block group levels. The research concentrates on local bus routes and the block groups with local bus stops in Richmond. This empirical study aims to identify the significant factors impacting bus ridership and assess the bus service situation for affected block groups (under-served or over-served). The study outcomes, such as the number of bus lines as the most important factor impacting ridership, will have important implications for Richmond’s local transit planning and decision-making.
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Ozuduru, Burcu H. "An empirical analysis of shopping center locations in Ohio." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1157038477.
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Kamali, Mikael, and Xiaohang Chen. "Internal Communication During the Budgeting Process : -A case study of developing a model for factors affecting internal communications during the budgeting process." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-230127.
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The budget is used in many organizations to estimate and control costs. The budgeting process requires extensive knowledge and information exchange between the budget setters in the organization. It is therefore critical for budget setters, often finance and line managers, to communicate and exchange knowledge to reach a budget for the upcoming period. The aim of this thesis is to highlight both budgeting and internal communication findings from past research, and develop a model for how internal communication is affected by different factors during the budgeting process. Specifically, we develop an unprecedented model based on previous research and test it through qualitative semi-structured interviews. We then improve and develop the model to provide a theoretical framework for future research on factors affecting internal communication during the budgeting process. Our empirical study of communication between line managers and finance managers in GE Healthcare in their budgeting process indicates that the factors are intertwined, and that the various factors can affect internal communication during the budgeting process directly and indirectly. The factors we find to directly affect internal communication are geographical distance, interpersonal relationship, communication method, organizational distance and characteristics of the budgeting process. The indirect factors are characteristics of the participant and time constraint. The study also finds a series of interconnected relationships of both the direct and indirect factors with each other.
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Poznanski, Alex Joshua. "Analyzing demographic and geographic characteristics of "Cycle Atlanta" smartphone application users." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47701.
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The objective of this research is to analyze how the demographic characteristics and reported home locations of Cycle Atlanta smartphone app users compare to those of cyclists reflected by other datasets. The findings of this research show that the majority of Cycle Atlanta users are young, white males belonging to either a very high annual income group or a low annual income group, with fewer users belonging to middle-income groups. Most of the app's users live in east-side, ``intown' Atlanta neighborhoods. Other cyclist data for the Atlanta area show similar trends, although less pronounced than the trends exhibited by Cycle Atlanta users. Because smartphone apps such as Cycle Atlanta are a fairly recent innovation, there is still a great deal of uncertainty as to how equitably they can gather bicycle data. The research presented in this thesis has the potential to empower transportation planners to plan bicycle facilities that will benefit many different facets of the cycling community in Atlanta. This has the potential to increase the mode share of cycling in cities, which will reduce congestion and promote healthier lifestyles.
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Xu, Zengwang. "Small-world characteristics in geographic, epidemic, and virtual spaces : a comparative study." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5768.
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This dissertation focuses on a comparative study of small-world characteristics in
geographical, epidemic, and virtual spaces. Small-world network is the major
component of the âÂÂnew science of networksâ that emerged recently in research related to
complex networks. It has shown a great potential to model the complex networks
encountered in geographical studies. This dissertation, in an attempt to understand the
emergence of small-world phenomenon in spatial networks, has investigated the smallworld
properties in aforementioned three spaces.
Specifically, this dissertation has studied roadway transportation networks at national,
metropolitan, and intra-city scales via network autocorrelation methods to investigate the
distance effect on the emergence of small-world properties. This dissertation also
investigated the effect of small-world network properties on the epidemic diffusion and
different control strategies through agent-based simulation on social networks. The ASLevel
Internet in the contiguous U.S. has been studied in its relation between local and
global connections, and its correspondence with small-world characteristics. Through theoretical simulations and empirical studies on spatial networks, this
dissertation has contributed to network science with a new method â network
autocorrelation, and better understanding from the perspective of the relation between
local and global connections and the distance effect in networks. A small-world
phenomenon results from the interplay between the dynamics occurring on networks and
the structure of networks; when the influencing distance of the dynamics reaches to the
threshold of the network, the network will logically emerge as a small-world network.
With the aid of numerical simulation a small-world network has a large number of local
connections and a small number of global links. It is also found that the epidemics will
take shorter time period to reach largest size on a small-world network and only
particular control strategy, such as targeted control strategy, will be effective on smallworld
networks.
This dissertation bridges the gap between new science of networks and the network
study in geography. It potentially contributes to GIScience with new modeling strategy
for representing, analyzing, and modeling complexity in hazards prevention, landscape
ecology, and sustainability science from a network-centric perspective.
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Shurbajji, Munib Burhanaddin. "Use of spatially-defined travel characteristics in transit service planning." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19157.
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Ousley, Chris. "A Geographic-Information-Systems-Based Approach to Analysis of Characteristics Predicting Student Persistence and Graduation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194256.
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This study sought to provide empirical evidence regarding the use of spatial analysis in enrollment management to predict persistence and graduation. The research utilized data from the 2000 U.S. Census and applicant records from The University of Arizona to study the spatial distributions of enrollments. Based on the initial results, stepwise logistic regression was used to identify spatially associated student and neighborhood characteristics predicting persistence and graduation.The findings of this research indicate spatial analysis can be used as a valuable resource for enrollment management. Using a theoretical framework of the forms of capital and social reproduction, cultural and social capital characteristics were found to influence persistence at statistically significant levels. Most notably, the social capital proxy of neighborhood education levels, and the cultural capital proxies of the number of standardized tests a student has taken, and when the application for admission is submitted all significantly influenced a student's probability to persistence and graduate. When disaggregating by race and ethnicity, resident Hispanic students from highly Hispanic neighborhoods were found to persist at higher levels in the first year of college attendance. Also, resident Native Americans were found to have a higher probability to persist when evidencing cultural capital characteristics. Since spatially based student and neighborhood characteristics can be quantified and mapped, target populations can be identified and subsequently recruited, resulting in retention-focused admissions.
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Idrus, Amwazi. "Identification of physical-environmental characteristics of Ciliwung Watershed, West Java, Indonesia, using a geographic information system." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834631.
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Ciliwung Watershed is the most developed area in Indonesia. However, development needs have caused overexploitation of the available resources, which have eventually caused deterioration of the environment of this watershed, and caused several areas to be more prone to natural hazards. This study develops certain Geographic Information System models to identify the physical-environmental characteristics of the watershed, in an attempt to avoid further improper resources utilization. These models yield the soil erosion critical areas, landslide potential areas, the spread of sea water intrusion, land subsidence potential areas, surface runoff characteristic, natural hazards prone areas, and groundwater recharge area.Based on these yielded characteristics, the general physical capability of this watershed can be delineated, which consists of five capability zones : Zone I, the flood prone area that also occupies by seawater intrusion and potential land subsidence areas; Zone II, the area that is affected by excessive groundwater withdrawal, which has sea water intrusion areas and prone to land subsidence; Zone III, the groundwater recharge area for Jakarta Plain; Zone IV, the most capable area for physical development; and Zone V, upper part of the watershed which has landslide potential areas, soil erosion critical areas, and volcanic eruption prone areas.Department of Natural Resources
17
Rapp, Joshua. "Spatial analysis of catchment characteristics in relation to water quality using remote sensing and geographic information systems /." Spatial analysis of catchment characteristics in relation to water quality using remote sensing and geographic information systemsRead the abstract of the thesis, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17469.pdf.
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Hill, Andrew C. "Assessing Linkages Among Landscape Characteristics, Stream Habitat, and Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Idaho Batholith Ecoregion." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/774.
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Understanding the composition of lotic communities and the landscape processes and habitat characteristics that shape them is one of the main challenges confronting stream ecologists. In order to better understand the linkages among landscape processes, stream habitat, and biological communities and to understand how accurately our measurements represent important factors influencing biological communities, it is important to test explicit hypotheses regarding these linkages. Increasing our understanding of aquatic communities in a hierarchical context and recognizing how well our measurements represent factors structuring aquatic communities will help managers better evaluate the influence of land management practices on aquatic ecosystems, direct conservation strategies, and lead to better assessments of ecological condition.
In Chapter 2, we used spatial data, field-based habitat measurements, and macroinvertebrate community data to 1) examine the influence of landscape processes on two factors of stream habitat; maximum stream temperatures and fine sediment, and to 2) examine how well these landscape and habitat characteristics represent factors influencing gradients in macroinvertebrate community structure. The results of this study showed that spatially derived measurements may be effectively used to test hypotheses regarding landscape influences on stream habitat and that spatial data, used in conjunction with field measurements can provide important information regarding factors influencing gradients in biological communities. In addition, spatially derived measurements may provide the same or additional information regarding influences on community structure as field-based measurements, which suggests that further research should be done to assess how well our field measurements represent factors that are important in shaping stream communities.
The objective of Chapter 3 was to compare how well single field measurements and a combination of indicator variables hypothesized to be components of a single ecological processes or concept, known as a latent variable, represent thermal stress and fine sediment influences on macroinvertebrate communities. Results from this study showed that both single and latent variables explained relatively the same amount of variation in macroinvertebrate community structure. This suggests that while latent variables may have a potential to better refine how we represent ecological factors, a better basis for defining a priori hypotheses is needed before these variables can provide any additional information compared to single habitat measurements.
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Painter, Jacob T. "CHRONIC OPIOID USE IN FIBROMYALGIA SYNDROME: CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/5.
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Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain condition with significant societal and personal burdens of illness. Chronic opioid therapy in the treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain has increased drastically over the past decade. This is a worrisome trend in general, but specifically, given the pathophysiologic characteristics seen in fibromyalgia syndrome patients, the use of this class of medication deserves special scrutiny. Although the theoretical case against this therapy choice is strong, little empirical evidence exists. In order to supplement this literature, retrospective analysis methods are utilized to examine the association of state-, provider-, and patient level characteristics with the prevalence of chronic opioid use in this disease state. Data gathered through this analysis is then used to develop a propensity index for the identification of an appropriate control group for fibromyalgia patients, a task that has proven difficult in the literature to date. Using propensity stratification and matching techniques analysis of the impact of fibromyalgia, chronic opioid use, and the interaction of these two variables are undertaken.
Several key findings and updates to the understanding of chronic opioid use and fibromyalgia syndrome are reported. Wide geographic variation in chronic opioid utilization between states is seen. The role of diagnosing provider type in the rate of chronic opioid prescribing is significant and can be aggregated at various levels. Demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, and concurrent medication use are all important associates of chronic opioid use in fibromyalgia syndrome. Additionally, chronic opioid use in fibromyalgia patients, independent of propensity to receive that therapy choice is a significant correlate with healthcare costs. A diagnosis of fibromyalgia is a statistically significant source of healthcare costs, though the clinical significance of its impact when compared to a closely matched control group is minimized. Despite the minimization of the role of this diagnosis the impact of the interaction of chronic opioid use with fibromyalgia, despite control for myriad regressors, is significant both statistically and clinically.
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Kutch, Libbey. "An Investigation of the Relationship between HIV and Prison Facilities in Texas: The Geographic Variation and Vulnerable Neighborhood Characteristics." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84234/.
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Previous research suggests that prisons may be fueling the spread of HIV infection in the general population. In 2005, the HIV rate was more than 2.5 times higher in US prison populations. Environmental factors in prisons such as illicit drug use and unprotected sexual activities can be conducive for HIV transmission. Because the vast majority of prison inmates are incarcerated for less than three years, transmission of HIV between prison inmates and members of the general population may occur at a high rate. The environment in which an individual lives and the entities that comprise it affect the health of that person. Thus the location of prisons within communities, as well as socio-demographic characteristics may influence the geography of HIV infection. HIV surveillance data, obtained from the Texas Department of State Health Services, were used to investigate the relationship between the location of prison units in Texas and HIV infection rates in the surrounding zip codes. The results suggest that HIV prevalence rates are higher among geographic areas in close proximity to a prison unit. With continued behavioral risks and low treatment adherence rates among individuals infected with HIV, there is a possibility of increased HIV prevalence. Vulnerable places, locations with higher HIV prevalence, should be targeted for resource allocation and HIV prevention and care service. This study illustrates the importance of spatial analysis of places vulnerable to increased HIV prevalence in creating more effective public health prevention strategies and interventions.
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Islam, Md Rauful. "A Study on Use of Wide-Area Persistent Video Data for Modeling Traffic Characteristics." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99464.
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This study explores the potential of vehicle trajectory data obtained from Wide Area Motion Imagery for modeling and analyzing traffic characteristics. The data in question is collected by PV Labs and also known as persistent wide-area video. This video, in combination with PVLab's integrated Tactical Content Management System's spatiotemporal capability, automatically identifies and captures every vehicle in the video view frame, storing each vehicle with a discrete ID, track ID, and time-stamped location. This unique data capture provides comprehensive vehicle trajectory information. This thesis explores the use of data collected by the PVLab's system for an approximate area of 4 square kilometers area in the CBD area of Hamilton, Canada for use in understanding traffic characteristics. The data was collected for two three-hour continuous periods, one in the morning and one in the evening of the same day. Like any other computer vision algorithm, this data suffers from false detection, no detection, and other inaccuracies caused by faulty image registration. Data filtering requirements to remove noisy trajectories and reduce error is developed and presented. A methodology for extracting microscopic traffic data (gap, relative velocity, acceleration, speed) from the vehicle trajectories is presented in details.
This study includes the development of a data model for storing this type of large-scale spatiotemporal data. The proposed data model is a combination of two efficient trajectory data storing techniques, the 3-D schema and the network schema and was developed to store trajectory information along with associated microscopic traffic information. The data model is designed to run fast queries on trajectory information. A 15-minute sample of tracks was validated using manual extraction from imagery frames from the video. Microscopic traffic data is extracted from this trajectory data using customized GIS analysis. Resulting tracks were map-matched to roads and individual lanes to support macro and microscopic traffic characteristic extraction. The final processed dataset includes vehicles and their trajectories for an area of approximately 4-square miles that includes a dense and complex urban network of roads over two continuous three-hour periods.
Two subsets of the data were extracted, cleaned, and processed for use in calibrating car-following sub-models used in microscopic simulations. The car-following model is one of the cornerstones of any simulation based traffic analysis. Calibrating and validating these models is essential for enhancing the ability of the model's capability of representing local traffic. Calibration efforts have previously been limited by the availability and accuracy of microscopic traffic data. Even datasets like the NGSIM data are restricted in either time or space. Trajectory data of all vehicles over a wide area during an extended period of time can provide new insight into microscopic models. Persistent wide-area imagery provides a source for this data. This study explores data smoothing required to handle measurement error and to prepare model input for calibration. Three car-following models : the GHR model, the linear Helly model, and the Intelligent Driver model are calibrated using this new data source. Two approaches were taken for calibrating model parameters. First, a least square method is used to estimate the best fit value for the model parameter that minimizes the global error between the observed and predicted values. The calibration results outline the limitation of both the WAMI data source and the models themselves. Existing model structures impose limitations on the parameter values. Models become unstable beyond these parameter values and these values may not be near global optima. Most of the car-following models were developed based upon some kinematic relation between driver reaction and expected stimuli of that response. For this reason, models in their current form are ill-suited for calibration with noisy microscopic data. On the other hand, the limitation of the WAMI data is the inability of obtaining an estimate of the measurement errors. With unknown measurement errors, any model development or calibration becomes questionable irrespective of the data smoothing or filtering technique undertaken. These findings indicate requirements for development of a new generation of car-following model that can accommodate noisy trajectory data for calibration of its parameters.MS
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Sufian, Elfandi. "CLINICAL AND GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF JAPANESE PATIENTS WITH AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION AND PSEUDODRUSEN." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232120.
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Moore, Tina Mae. "Population characteristics of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758, from geographically distinct locations in Atlantic Canada during the summer and fall of 1996." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ33823.pdf.
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Morgan, Rachel. "Tracking Violence: Using Neighborhood-Level Characteristics in the Analysis of Domestic Violence in Chicago and the State of Illinois." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5678.
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Social disorganization theory proposes that neighborhood characteristics, such as residential instability, racial and ethnic heterogeneity, concentrated disadvantage, and immigrant concentration contribute to an increase in crime rates. Informal social controls act as a mediator between these neighborhood characteristics and crime and delinquency. Informal social controls are regulated by members of a community and in a disorganized community these controls are not present, therefore, crime and delinquency flourish (Sampson, 2012). Researchers have focused on these measures of social disorganization and the ability to explain a variety of crimes, specifically public crimes. Recently, researchers have focused their attention to characteristics of socially disorganized areas and the ability to predict private crimes, such as domestic violence. This study contributes to the research on social disorganization theory and domestic violence by examining domestic offenses at three different units of analysis: Chicago census tracts, Chicago neighborhoods, and Illinois counties. Demographic variables from the 2005-2009 American Community Survey were utilized to measure social disorganization within Chicago census tracts, Chicago neighborhoods, and Illinois counties. Data on domestic offenses in Chicago were from the City of Chicago Data Portal and data on domestic offenses in Illinois counties were retrieved from the Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority (ICJIA). This study incorporated geographic information systems (GIS) mapping to examine the relationships between locations of domestic offenses and the measures of social disorganization in each unit of analysis. Results of this study indicate that different measures of social disorganization are significantly associated with domestic offenses in each unit of analysis.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Sociology
Sciences
Sociology
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Papke, Mark Kenneth P. E. "Developing Consolidation Characteristics of Ohio Soils Using GIS." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1304452274.
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Busari, Olasunkanmi Abiola. "The Spatial Distribution and Socioeconomic Impacts of African Immigrants in the US: The Case of Nigerians in Toledo Metropolitan Region, Northwest Ohio." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1573836229975897.
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Mukai, Adriana de Oliveira. "Análise espacial da mortalidade perinatal no Vale do Paraíba - São Paulo - Brasil (2004-2008)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-06112012-112500/.
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OBJETIVO: Visualizar padrões espaciais de mortalidade perinatal e identificar os municípios com prioridade para intervenção no Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo ecológico e exploratório utilizando técnica de geoprocessamento com dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde sobre mortalidade perinatal no Vale do Paraíba nos anos de 2004 a 2008. Foram obtidas taxas por 1.000 nascimentos e, a partir das distribuições dessas, foram criados mapas temáticos. Foi utilizado o índice de Moran, que estima autocorrelação espacial e foram identificados os municípios com alta prioridade de intervenção pelo diagrama de espalhamento de Moran, representado em forma de box map. Foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman para estudar a variável social IPRS (Índice Paulista de Responsabilidade Social) dos municípios estudados e o coeficiente de mortalidade perinatal. RESULTADOS: No período estudado foram incluídos 141.293 nascidos vivos, com 2244 óbitos perinatais, coeficiente médio de mortalidade de 20,4 (DP 6,8) e mediana de 18,9. O índice de Moran identificou dependência espacial entre os municípios analisados quanto à mortalidade neonatal precoce (p < 0,05), sendo que para a mortalidade fetal e perinatal não houve significância estatística, apesar do mapa de distribuição espacial do coeficiente de mortalidade perinatal ter identificado um aglomerado de municípios com coeficientes mais elevados. Nas variáveis estudadas observamos contribuição maior da gestação na adolescência na mortalidade perinatal. Foram identificados cinco municípios com alta prioridade para intervenções. CONCLUSÃO: A análise espacial foi um instrumento útil para identificar os municípios onde há necessidade de intervenção em relação à mortalidade perinatalOBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze spatial standards of perinatal mortality and identify the priority cities for intervention in the Paraiba Valley, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: This is an ecological and exploratory study using a technique of geoprocessing with data of the Informatics Department of the Single Health System on perinatal mortality in the years of 2004 to 2008. Rates per 1000 births were obtained and, starting from the distribution of these rates, thematic maps were created. The global Moran index, which estimates the spatial autocorrelation was used, and the cities with high priority for intervention were identified according to the Moran scattering diagram, represented in box map. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to study the socioeconomic variable IPRS (Social Responsibility Index of Sao Paulo State) of the cities studied and the perinatal mortality coefficient. RESULTS: During the study period, 141.293 live births were included, with 2244 perinatal deaths, with average coefficient of 20,4 and median of 18,9. The global Moran index was 0,24 (p < 0,05) for early neonatal mortality, demonstrating a spatial autocorrelation among the cities for these coefficient, while fetal and perinatal mortality have no statistical significance, despite the spatial distribution map of perinatal mortality coefficient have identified a cluster of cities with higher coefficients. In the variables studied, we observed a greater contribution of the variable adolescent pregnant. Five cities deserving special attention for future interventions were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The spatial analysis was a useful tool in identifying the cities in which an intervention is necessary regarding the perinatal mortality
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Wu, I.-Chen, and 吳宜蓁. "Photosynthetic Pathway, Ecological Characteristics and Geographical Distribution of Cyperoideae in Taiwan." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67130049093459359975.
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碩士國立成功大學
生命科學系碩博士班
97
Cyperaceae is the large flowering plant family in the world. There are many species growing in wetland and aquatic areas, and their photosynthesis include C3 and C4 pathways, and even have C3-C4 intermediates. It is worth to explore the diversity of the photosynthetic mechanisms of Cyperaceae in plant anatomy, ecology, physiology and evolution of their relation and significance. In this study, photosynthetic pathways of Cyperoideae in Taiwan were recognized by leaves or culms anatomy and stable carbon isotope ratios. Applying ArcGIS and Excel softwares, simple correlation and linear regression analysis were used to investigate the correlations of climatic data and latitude with species percentages, species numbers of different photosynthetic pathways and 3 tribes. All these correlations are displayed by the theme maps. In addition, we also investigated the habitats of Cyperoideae. The results showed that 49 species, 5 subspecies and 9 varieties displayed C4 pathway, and 22 species, 4 subspecies and 2 varieties belonged to C3 pathway. The C4 percentage was 35.2% of Cyperaceae in Taiwan. It was higher when compared with other regional studies of photosynthetic pathways of Cyperaceae in the world, because Taiwan is located in the subtropical and tropical climate districts. The results of correlation and regression showed that the correlations of the C4 percentage with temperature factors are higher than rainfall factors. It was positively correlated with temperature factors, but not with the rainfall factors. The C4 percentage was not correlated with altitude, due to the small number of independent variable. However, the numbers of C3 and C4 were strongly and negatively correlated with altitude, showing that no matter what types of photosynthesis, Cyperoideae possess tropical and subtropical affinities. The analysis of tribe percentage, Abildgaardieae showed no correlated with any environmental factors, Cypereae was positively correlated with temperature factors, but Scirpeace was negatively correlated. Their coefficients of regression were smaller than that of C4 percentage. Therefore, the climatic factors are much to do with photosynthetic pathways than taxa. And Cypereace is negatively correlated with altitude in line with previous studies. Most species in Cyperoideae were found in wet and aquatic areas (68.5%). The percentage of C4 plants was lower in wet and aquatic areas (59.7%), but there was 21.9% in mesic areas, compared with the C4 grasses and dicots that tended to be more abundance in arid areas. It appears that water use efficiency is not the key point of C4 evolution in Cyperaceae. On the other hand, C3 pathway adapted to wet and aquatic areas (88.9%). It may explain that the water availability is crucial and suggests C4 plants evolved from C3 pathway in wet and aquatic areas, then gradually have been adapting to different habitats, and differentiation of species. This research recognizes photosynthetic pathways of Cyperoideae, and preliminary investigates the correlations between Cyperoideae and the environmental factors in Taiwan. More information still need further survey especially the Caricoideae species, and the application of Geographic Information System to establish ecological environmental databases and mathematical models for understanding the effects of environmental factors on the distribution of C3 and C4 pathways.
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Miller, Abraham. "Phylogeography and geographical variation of behavioral and morphological characteristics in Paruroctonus boreus." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10106/1071.
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Fyock, Ellen L. "Using Geographical Information System (GIS)-based watershed characteristics to predict stream visual assessment scores." 2008. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17309.
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LI, ZHENG-JUN, and 李正鈞. "The relations betweem the arrangement of windbreak net and the geographical characteristics on the hills." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03698461275949009858.
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Ho, Chih-Hung, and 何志鴻. "Development of the lag time formula in a watershed based on the rainfall and geographical characteristics." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72617987240260996510.
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碩士國立交通大學
土木工程系所
102
In Taiwan, the formulas for estimating the lag time have been derived in 1970s and 1980s. However, due to the change in the topography and extreme storm events, such as Typhoon Markot, the rainfall and geographical characteristics in the watershed are significantly changed, so as to influence the applicability and validity of the early developed lag-time equations. Therefore, it is an important issue to revisit the lag-time formulas under the consideration of the aforementioned rainfall and geographical characteristics This study aims at developing a relationship of the lag time with the uncertainty factors, including the rainfall, hydraulic and geographical factors. The rainfall factors include the duration, depth and storm pattern of the rainstorm event. The roughness coefficient (i.e. the Manning coefficient) in the river serves as the hydraulic factor, and the area of watershed, the length and slope of the river are defined as the geographic factors. The framework of developing the lag-time estimation equation in the study involves into four steps: (1) the generation of rainstorm events; (2) the estimation of the water level by means of the hydraulic routing model (i.e. SOBEK 1D-2D model); (3) the determination of the lag time based on the associated definition; and (4) the derivation of the lag-time equation by using the multivariate regression analysis. The Bachang river watershed is chosen as the study area, and corresponding rainfall data of five storm events recorded in 2004-2013 are used in the development of lag-time equation. The results from the model development indicate the average lag times at the water-levels gauges from upstream to downstream (i.e., Chukou station, Jiunhuei station, Bachang river bridge station, Jingshueigang station, Changpan bridge station, Touchain river bridge station) are 1.05 hr, 1.68 hr, 3.07 hr, 5.02 hr, 1.74 hr and 1.71hr, respectively. This reveals that, on average, the lag time clearly increases with the distance of the gauge from the upstream. To verify the proposed lag-time equation, additional five storm events are used to estimate the lag-time values. These estimated lag-time values could be compared with those calculated using the conventional formulas on the basis of the observed values extracted in accordance with two definitions. It is found that the difference of the lag time estimated by the proposed formula from the observed values is about 0.5 hr which is superior to the result from the conventional formula (about 2.5 hr). That is, the proposed formula can be applied to the estimation of the lag-time attributed to storm events of interest at various stream flow gauges in Bachang river watershed. In summary, the proposed lag-time formula not only facilitates the accuracy of the relevant hydrologic analysis, but also provides more reliable information for the flood warning and prevention by incorporating with the warning stages and rainfalls.
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QIU, SHAO-HENG, and 邱紹恆. "The relations between the geographical characteristics and the distribution of wind velocity and wind direction on the mounds." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81800080255750642611.
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Lin, Pi-Mei, and 林碧梅. "A Study of the Relationship among Job Characteristics, Knowledge Sharing and Performance－The Case for Taipei County Sinjhuang Geographical Unit of Government." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18441161587973441674.
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碩士世新大學
行政管理學研究所(含博、碩專班)
97
This study aims to find the relations among job characteristics, knowledge sharing and job performance in the knowledge-based era of the 21st century by using Sinjhuang City Office as an example. The main questions discussed in this study are as follows: 1. What are the relations between job characteristics and job performance? Is job performance influenced by job characteristics? 2. What are the relations between knowledge sharing and job performance? Does the intention and behavior of sharing knowledge affect job performance? 3. What are the relations between knowledge sharing and employee’s attributes? Do job characteristics affect knowledge sharing, and how does each dimension of job characteristics affect knowledge sharing respectively? A survey questionnaire was administered to collect data, and the results of statistical analysis are shown below: 1. Job characteristics are positively related to the intention of sharing knowledge; the intention of sharing knowledge may become pronounced as the job characteristics increases. 2. Job characteristics are positively related to job performance; job performance may improve as the job characteristics increases. 3. The intention of sharing knowledge is positively related to job performance; job performance may improve as the intention of sharing knowledge becomes stronger. 4. Job characteristics, which serve as the moderator , can affect relationship between the intention of sharing knowledge and job performance. Job performance is the result of an employee’s execution of his/her duty. By assigning the right work to the right person, and job performance will improve. It is hoped that the results of this study will serve as reference for the authorities for future policy making, so that people are employed in accordance with their characteristics.
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Holovchenko, Vira. "Essays in entry into characteristic and geographical spaces /." 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1597600221&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=10361&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Skazíková, Pavla. "Terénní výuka geografie: transmisivní a konstruktivistické pojetí výuky v mikroregionu Hvozdnice." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-340027.
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The thesis compares the constructivistic with transmissive geography tuition approach on Hvozdnice region model. The teoretical part defines field work, the didactic learning theories and focuses on closer description and comparison the constructivistic with transmissive pedagogical approach. The practical part brings a complete geographical characteristics of the specified area and subsequently SWOT analysis which provided crucial issues and generalization of the proposed field work worksheets. The proposed worksheets of the work field which deal with exploring of the local region are created in two variants- constructivistic and transmissive. Although there was no change in the thematic focus of the worksheets, there is the obvious difference between realization and achieving the objectives which is based on philosophy of each of the selected models of learning. Keywords: field work, local region, constructivism, transmission, geographical characteristics, region Hvozdnice, worksheets, guidelines
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Lin, Yen-Chen, and 林彥辰. "Analysis of Dengue Risk Characteristics using Geographically Weighted Quantile Regression." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7p7n2v.
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碩士淡江大學
統計學系應用統計學碩士班
106
As the global warming getting serious, the Dengue fever gradually become a global public health concern. In recent years, the epidemic of the Dengue fever frequently occurs in Taiwan. However, researchers in the past focus in the southern of Taiwan, using spatial analysis to determine the epidemic. In this paper, we will focus the epidemic of Dengue fever all over Taiwan in 2015, using epidemic risk index to process spatial analysis. The data used for dengue fever data on Taiwan’s townships in 2015.The dengue fever epidemic is the spatial imbalance. The data distribution is also uneven and right-skewed, there are about 30% no confirmed cases in the regions, which is not suitable for traditional regression (mean regression) analyze. In order to explore the variation in spatial heterogeneity, and also observe the spatial variation of quantile, using quantile regression and geographically weighted quantile regression is suitable. We also discussed the relationship between the results of this thesis and the severity level of epidemic on the references.
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魏新洵. "A Study on Allplcations of Geographic Information System to Watershed Characteristics Evaluation and Hydrologic Analysis." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09988458314671869109.
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碩士國立中興大學
水土保持研究所
79
This study was initiated in August 1990 to develop and apply techniques based on Geographic Information System (GIS) for watershed delineation and, subsequently, basin topographic characteristics evaluation and hydrologic analysis. These techniques are designed to automatically extract, map, and encode the spatial chatacteristics of watersheds from digital terrain model data files. The study results are summarized as follows: (1) Automated derivation of watershed chatacteristics from digital terrain model data files is highly desirable for relatively large watersheds. It avoids the tedious job of manually locating tracing, overlaying, measuring and calculating these spatial watershed characteristocs from the maps and air photos. (2) Flow path tree, on basis of flow direction developed from raster data of a watershed, was introduced as a key-index of the watershed data base. Flow path tree appears to be a powerful technique for real time analysis as it allows the development of a watershed information system with high query and analysis capacity. (3) The limitaions of a distributed watershed model normally imposed by computer''s storage and performance may be overcome in a not too distant future. (4) With the decreasing costs of advanced display techniques, an inexpensive and high resolution image processing system will be easier to obtain. Therefore, the development of a watershed information system with personal computers will not be too difficult a task in the future. (5) Techniques based on Gergraphic Information System and time-area concept as reported in this thesis will have the capability of estimating flood peak flows and evaluating the differences in hydrologic characteristics among watersheds with various land uses and conservation treatments.
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HSU, JEN-JEN, and 許人仁. "Application of Geographic Information System (GIS) to The Characteristic Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Tainan Farmland." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6uu2bk.
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碩士嘉南藥理大學
環境工程與科學系
107
In order to understand the possible reasons for the impact of heavy metals in farmland in Tainan, this study collected data on heavy metal pollution sites from the Environmental Protection Agency of the Executive Yuan. The aim was to evaluate the correlation analysis between distribution of contaminated sites and industrial zones, rivers and illegal factories in Tainan City by Geographic Information System (GIS) and the Average Nearest Neighbor Analysis (ANNA). The analysis of the pollution sites and illegal factories was shown that the ANNA scores (Z value) of heavy metal-contaminated farmland and surrounding illegal factories in the Southern District, Rende District and Madou District were -15.88, -18.13 and -13.58, respectively, which were belonging to cluster distribution. It revealed that there is a certain correlation between heavy metal pollution in farmland and illegal factories in this area. The analysis of the contaminated sites and the industrial zone showed that the ANNA scores (Z values) of the contaminated sites in the Southern District and Rende District and the surrounding industrial zones are +12.80 and +14.86, respectively, which were belonging to discrete distribution. It implied that the heavy metal pollution in the two regions is not directly related to the industrial area. The analysis results of the pollution site and the river basin showed that the Z values of the Southern District and Rende District and Erren River and Sanyegong Creek are -8.24 and -8.21, respectively, which were belonging to the cluster distribution. It showed that pollution of heavy metals in farmlands was related to nearby water bodies. The Z score of all the contaminated site data of the Madou District and the average nearest neighbor analysis of Zengwun River is -6.07, and as a cluster distribution. After elimination of the pollution site far away from Zengwun River, the Z score of the average nearest neighbor analysis is + 1.59 and as a distributed distribution, There were significant differences between the above two analysis results. If some sites falling off the entire cluster or if the sites are too concentrated, the results are prone to to misjudge. The results showed that the characteristics of heavy metals contamination of farmland in Tainan by GIS and ANNA. The correlation between a large number of pollution data and site characteristics could be available. However, the exact conclusion is still not available due to the limitations of the ANNA method. The results of ANNA in this study only refer to distance between contaminated cites and possible pollutant resources but not consider the other potential conditions such as groundwater flowing direction and distribution. This study could apply different parameters for further results.
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"Bursera microphylla in South Mountain Municipal Park: Evaluating its Habitat Characteristics." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.9129.
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abstract: ABSTRACT The elephant tree, Bursera microphylla, is at the northern limit of its range in central Arizona. This species is sensitive to frost damage thus limiting its occurrence in more northern areas of the southwest. Marginal populations of B. microphylla are found in mountain ranges of Central Arizona and are known to occur in the rugged mountain range system of the South Mountain Municipal Park (SMMP). Little is known of the distribution of this species within the park and details relevant to the health of both individual plants and the population such as diameter and number of trunks, height, and presence of damage have not been examined. This study was designed, in part, to test the hypothesis that favorable microhabitats at SMMP are created by particular combinations of abiotic features including aspect, slope, elevation and solar radiation. Data on abiotic factors, as well as specific individual plant locations and characteristics were obtained for 100 individuals. Temperature data was collected in vertical transects at different altitudinal levels. Some of these data were used in spatial analyses to generate a habitat suitability model using GIS software. Furthermore, collected data was analyzed using Matlab© software to identify potential trends in the variation of morphological traits. In addition, for comparative purposes similar information at one hundred computer-generated randomly chosen points throughout SMMP was obtained. The GIS spatial analyses indicated that aspect, slope, elevation, and relative solar radiance are strongly associated as major climatic components of the microhabitat of B. microphylla. Temperature data demonstrated that there are significant differences in ambient temperature among different altitudinal gradients with middle elevations being more favorable. Furthermore, analyses performed using Matlab© to explore trends of elevation as a factor indicated that multiple trunk plants are more commonly found at higher elevations than single trunk plants, there is a positive correlation of trunk diameter with elevation, and that canopy volume has a negative correlation with respect to elevation. It was concluded that microhabitats where B. microphylla occurs at the northern limit of its range require a particular combination of abiotic features that can be easily altered by climatic changes.Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Applied Biological Sciences 2011
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Zeng, Cian-Fen, and 曾千芬. "Study on the catch composition and spatial-temporal characteristics of the trawl fisheries in Tongkang with geographic information system." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82932285516368697500.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
環境生物與漁業科學學系
98
This study collected trawl fishery fish catch data from Tongkang, which located in the southwest Taiwan, from 1997 to 2007. These data were analyzed through GIS to find the species composition and their spatial-temporal distribution characteristics, and could be use as future fishery management and science research reference in this area. Within the study period, the fishing vessels obtained 2,169,270 kg fish catch which were classified into 70 species. The dominate species were: non-target species (56.19%), Trichiurus lepturus (13.84%), Psenopsis anomala (4.42%), Loligo edulis (2.41%), Priacanthus macracanthus (2.25%), Muraenesox cinereus (2.21%), Sepia esculenta (1.86%), Johnius amblycephalus (1.31%). None-target species (bycatch) had the highest percentage, but their economic values were the lowest. On different geographic area, the species composition of fish catch varied with topographic features. The dominant species of Kao-ping continental shelf were Psenopsis anomala (18.66%), Trichiurus lepturus (16.77%) and Loligo edulis (13.89%); the dominant species of Kao-ping submarine canyon were Psenopsis anomala (18.66%), Priacanthus macracanthus (11.55%) and Trichiurus lepturus (11.14%); the dominant species of Kao-ping continental slope were Trichiurus lepturus (16.99%) and Psenopsis anomala (10.57%). It was confirmed that the topography differentiation affected the diversity of species composition. It is found that the the two major economic fish species of Trichiurus lepturus and Priacanthus macracanthus are related with water depth, and they mainly inhabit the water between 111-160m in depth. The highest CPUE of Trichiurus lepturus was happened between January and February around the area of Kao-ping continental shelf and Kao-ping continental slope. The months between November to next March had high CPUE of Priacanthus macracanthus and its distribution covered the whole fishing ground. The main fishing ground of important species was found having a Southeast–Northwest movement phenomenon when using spatial-temporal GIS to analyze the data collected.
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Meeuwis, June Myrtle. "Geographic characteristics of circulation patterns and features in the South Atlantic and South Indian Oceans using satellite remote sensing." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10106.
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Lin, Wei-Quan, and 林維寬. "Long-term observation on catch composition and distribution characteristics of the sport fishery in northeast Taiwan with geographic information system." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01919864624842250129.
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Αποστολίδης, Εμμανουήλ. "Τεχνικογεωλογικές συνθήκες στη λεκάνη δυτικής Θεσσαλίας - Γεωμηχανικά χαρακτηριστικά των τεταρτογενών αποθέσεων : ανάλυση με χρήση γεωγραφικών συστημάτων πληροφοριών." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/8501.
Full textAbstract:
Η παρούσα διατριβή έχει ως στόχο τη διερεύνηση των τεχνικογεωλογικών συνθηκών που επικρατούν στη λεκάνη Δυτικής Θεσσαλίας, με χρήση και εφαρμογή των Γεωγραφικών Συστημάτων Πληροφοριών, καθώς επίσης τον προσδιορισμό και τη στατιστική επεξεργασία των τιμών των γεωμηχανικών χαρακτηριστικών των τεταρτογενών αποθέσεων που δομούν το πεδινό της τμήμα.
Στο πλαίσιο αυτό σχεδιάστηκαν ογδόντα (80) θεματικοί χάρτες με χρήση Γεωγραφικών Συστημάτων Πληροφοριών, από τους οποίους επιλέχτηκαν τελικά για παρουσίαση, εντός και εκτός κειμένου, οι πενήντα εννέα (59). Επίσης, συντάχτηκε πλήθος πινάκων, σχημάτων, χαρτογραφικών ή στατιστικών διαγραμμάτων, ενώ παράλληλα παρουσιάστηκε σειρά φωτογραφιών.
Αναλυτικότερα, δίνεται κατ΄αρχήν το τεχνικογεωλογικό πλαίσιο της λεκάνης στην οποία εντάσσεται η παραπάνω έρευνα, με βάση την ανάλυση και σύνθεση στοιχείων που αναφέρονται στις γεωμορφολογικές και κλιματολογικές συνθήκες, το υδρομετεωρολογικό καθεστώς, τη σεισμικότητα και σεισμική επικινδυνότητα, τη λιθολογική σύσταση και δομή των σχηματισμών, τις υδρογεωλογικές και υδρολιθολογικές συνθήκες, καθώς και τις αποσαθρωτικές και διαβρωτικές διεργασίες των γεωλογικών σχηματισμών που δομούν την περιοχή έρευνας.
Ακολούθως, παρουσιάζονται αναλυτικά οι τεχνικογεωλογικές συνθήκες που επικρατούν στη λεκάνη Δυτικής Θεσσαλίας και συντάχτηκε τεχνικογεωλογικός χάρτης σε κλίμακα 1:100.000. Στον εν λόγω χάρτη διακρίνονται είκοσι τρείς (23) τεχνικογεωλογικές ενότητες, έξι (6) για τις τεταρτογενείς αποθέσεις, δύο (2) για τους μεταλπικούς σχηματισμούς (νεογενή και μολάσσες) και δέκα πέντε (15) για τους σχηματισμούς του αλπικού υποβάθρου. Ο χάρτης αυτός συνοδεύεται από αναλυτικό Υπόμνημα.
Στη συνέχεια, αναλύονται τα γεωμηχανικά χαρακτηριστικά (φυσικές ιδιότητες και μηχανικές παράμετροι) των τεταρτογενών αποθέσεων της περιοχής έρευνας, περιγράφεται η Βάση Γεωτεχνικών Δεδομένων που δημιουργήθηκε και παρατίθεται στατιστική ανάλυση των τιμών από τις παραπάνω παραμέτρους, καθώς και των αποτελεσμάτων από τις επί τόπου δοκιμές πρότυπης διείσδυσης και υδροπερατότητας. Ειδικότερα, έγινε συγκέντρωση, αξιολόγηση, τυποποίηση και καταγραφή-αρχειοθέτηση στην παραπάνω Βάση Δεδομένων των Γεωτεχνικών Πληροφοριών οι οποίες προέρχονται από 1.039 γεωτρήσεις που είχαν εκτελέσει διάφοροι φορείς του Δημόσιου και ιδιωτικού τομέα στο πεδινό τμήμα της λεκάνης Δυτικής Θεσσαλίας. Συνολικά καταχωρήθηκαν 22.463 εγγραφές σε έξι (6) Πίνακες, που στον καθένα αποθηκεύονται διαφορετικά τμήματα της γεωπληροφορίας.
Επίσης, πραγματοποιήθηκε λεπτομερής ανάλυση του τεχνικoγεωλογικού πλαισίου και των σημαντικότερων παραμέτρων που υπεισέρχονται στο πρόβλημα των κατολισθήσεων. Ακολούθως, έγινε στατιστική επεξεργασία των στοιχείων της Βάσης Δεδομένων Κατολισθήσεων που δημιουργήθηκε και διερευνήθηκαν αναλυτικά οι σημαντικότεροι από τους παράγοντες που θεωρούνται υπεύθυνοι για την εκδήλωση κατολισθητικών φαινομένων και λαμβάνονται υπόψη στην εκτίμηση των επιδεκτικών προς κατολίσθηση περιοχών. Συνολικά αποτυπώθηκαν 979 θέσεις εκδήλωσης κατολισθήσεων, ενώ συντάχτηκε Χάρτης απογραφής κατολισθητικών φαινομένων και Χάρτης επιδεκτικότητας κατολισθήσεων στα όρια της λεκάνης Δυτικής Θεσσαλίας.
Τέλος, καταγράφηκαν και αποτυπώθηκαν εδαφικές υποχωρήσεις που εκδηλώθηκαν σε οικισμούς (εντός ή εκτός οικιστικού ιστού) στην ευρύτερη περιοχή Φαρσάλων-Σοφάδων, ενώ διερευνήθηκαν τα πιθανά αίτια και ο μηχανισμός εκδήλωσης των φαινομένων αυτών.The investigation of engineering-geological conditions of the Western Thessaly basin and the analysis of geomechanical characteristics of the Quaternary deposits, which occur in the flat part of the region, are examined in this thesis. In this framework, eighty (80) thematic maps have been produced using Geographic Information Systems. In addition, many tables, drawings, cartographic or statistical diagrams have been created. Moreover, a large number of photographs are also presented. The engineering-geological framework of the basin is given in detail, based on the analysis and composition of collected data, regarding, specifically, the geomorphological and hydrometeorological conditions, the seismicity and seismic hazard, the lithological characteristics and structure of the geological formations, the hydrogeological conditions, as well as the weathering and erosion processes exhibited in the geological formations that occur in the basin. Furthermore, an engineering-geological map of the Western Thessaly basin at a scale of 1:100,000 has been compiled, aiming to facilitate both urban planning and industrial development of the basin’s wider area. It is considered that this map may well contribute to the optimization of land use planning and improve the allocation and planning of civil engineering projects. The formations encountered in the basin are grouped into twenty three (23) engineering-geological unities, with regard to their geotechnical behaviour. The entire study, engaged to this thesis, was basically based on data from both in situ investigations and geotechnical information derived and evaluated from the utilisation of 1,039 existing boreholes and trial pits, in the plain part of the Western Thessaly basin. Totally 22,463 records were created and allocated in six (6) Tables. In each one of these tables different kind of geo-information were stored. The values of the above parameters were critically examined. Besides, statistical analysis was carried out on Standard Penetration and Permeability Tests result. All the geotechnical characteristics of the Quaternary deposits (physical properties and mechanical parameters) have been analyzed and a Geotechnical Database was created and presented in this thesis. Furthermore, a landslide inventory map of the Western Thessaly basin has been compiled. Many technical reports and studies, which refer to landslide occurrences, mainly obtained from the Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration (IGME) were used to analyse and record all the landslides of the study area. A Database, using Microsoft Access, has been compiled. The connection between the Database system and Geographic Information Systems was established with the defined coordinates of the locations of existing landslide occurrences. After the necessary modifications, 979 landslide events were recorded and digitally stored. Also, a simple statistical evaluation of the available recordings was applied for the assessment of the engineering-geological data regarding the lithology and geomechanical characteristics of the encountered various geo-materials. Finally, the surface subsidence ruptures manifested in the basin’s area have been investigated.
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Mercille, Geneviève. "Environnement alimentaire local et son association avec les habitudes alimentaires de personnes âgées." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9714.
Full textAbstract:
Contexte : Un accès adéquat aux aliments sains dans les environnements résidentiels peut contribuer aux saines habitudes alimentaires. Un tel accès est d’autant plus important pour les personnes âgées, où les changements associés au vieillissement peuvent accentuer leur dépendance aux ressources disponibles dans le voisinage. Cependant, cette relation n’a pas encore été établie chez les aînés.
Objectifs : La présente thèse vise à quantifier les associations entre l’environnement alimentaire local et les habitudes alimentaires de personnes âgées vivant à domicile en milieu urbain. La thèse s’est insérée dans un projet plus large qui a apparié les données provenant d’une cohorte d’aînés québécois vivant dans la région métropolitaine montréalaise avec des données provenant d’un système d’information géographique. Trois études répondent aux objectifs spécifiques suivants : (1) développer des indices relatifs de mixité alimentaire pour qualifier l’offre d’aliments sains dans les magasins d’alimentation et l’offre de restaurants situés dans les quartiers faisant partie du territoire à l’étude et en examiner la validité; (2) quantifier les associations entre la disponibilité relative de magasins d’alimentation et de restaurants près du domicile et les habitudes alimentaires des aînés; (3) examiner l’influence des connaissances subjectives en nutrition dans la relation entre l’environnement alimentaire près du domicile et les habitudes alimentaires chez les hommes et les femmes âgés.
Méthodes : Le devis consiste en une analyse secondaire de données transversales provenant de trois sources : les données du cycle 1 pour 848 participants de l’Étude longitudinale québécoise « La nutrition comme déterminant d’un vieillissement réussi » (2003-2008), le Recensement de 2001 de Statistique Canada et un registre privé de commerces et services (2005), ces derniers regroupés dans un système d’information géographique nommé Mégaphone. Des analyses bivariées non paramétriques ont été appliquées pour répondre à l’objectif 1. Les associations entre l’exposition aux commerces alimentaires dans le voisinage et les habitudes alimentaires (objectif 2), ainsi que l’influence des connaissances subjectives en nutrition dans cette relation (objectif 3), ont été vérifiées au moyen d’analyses de régression linéaires.
Résultats : Les analyses ont révélé trois résultats importants. Premièrement, l’utilisation d’indices relatifs pour caractériser l’offre alimentaire s’avère pertinente pour l’étude des habitudes alimentaires, plus particulièrement pour l’offre de restaurants-minute. Deuxièmement, l’omniprésence d’aspects défavorables dans l’environnement, caractérisé par une offre relativement plus élevée de restaurants-minute, semble nuire davantage aux saines habitudes alimentaires que la présence d’opportunités d’achats d’aliments sains dans les magasins d’alimentation. Troisièmement, un environnement alimentaire plus favorable aux saines habitudes pourrait réduire les écarts quant à la qualité de l’alimentation chez les femmes ayant de plus faibles connaissances subjectives en nutrition par rapport aux femmes mieux informées.
Conclusion : Ces résultats mettent en relief la complexité des liens entre l’environnement local et l’alimentation. Dans l’éventualité où ces résultats seraient reproduits dans des recherches futures, des stratégies populationnelles visant à résoudre un déséquilibre entre l’accès aux sources d’aliments sains par rapport aux aliments peu nutritifs semblent prometteuses.Context: Adequate access to healthful foods in residential environments may contribute to healthful dietary practices. Such access is important for older adults where changes associated with aging may accentuate their dependence on resources available in their residential neighborhood. However, this relationship has not been established for seniors. Objectives: This thesis aims to quantify associations between the local food environment and dietary patterns of independent urban-dwelling older adults. The thesis is part of a larger project involving the linkage of data from a cohort of Québec seniors living in the Montréal metropolitan area and data from a geographic information system. Three studies addressed the following specific objectives: (1) to develop relative indices of local-area food sources outlets to qualify stores potentially selling healthful foods and supply of restaurants in neighborhoods that were part of the study area, (2) to quantify associations between the relative availability of food stores and restaurants in residential area and dietary patterns of members of the cohort, (3) to examine the influence of subjective nutrition knowledge in the relationship between the residential food environment and dietary patterns among older men and women. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data from three different sources was performed: (1) person-level data on 848 participants from cycle 1 of the Québec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging , (2) 2001 Census data from Statistics Canada and (3) data from private businesses and services registry (2005), these two gathered in a geographic information system called Megaphone. Nonparametric bivariate analyses were applied to address objective 1. Associations between exposure to residential-area food sources and dietary patterns (objective 2), as well as moderating effect of nutrition knowledge (objective 3), were tested using linear regression analyses. Results: Analyses revealed three important results. First, the use of relative indices to characterize availability of local-area food sources is relevant to the study of dietary patterns, particularly regarding the supply of fast food restaurants. Second, the ubiquity of unfavorable aspects in the food environment, characterized by relatively higher fast food restaurants offer seem more detrimental to healthful eating habits that the presence of opportunities to buy healthful foods in food stores. Third, a residential food environment more favorable to healthful dietary patterns could reduce disparities in diet quality between women with low nutrition knowledge compared to women more knowledgeable. Conclusion: These results highlight the complex links between local environment and diet. If findings can be replicated in future research, population-based strategies to address an imbalance between accessibility to healthful food sources relative to unhealthful food sources, would be promising.