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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Geographical mobility'
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Heidrich, Stefanie. "Essays on intergenerational income mobility, geographical mobility, and education." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-120718.
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This thesis consists of an introductory part and the following four self-contained papers: In Paper [I] we analyze the implications of social identity and self-categorization for optimal redistributive income taxation. A two-type model is supplemented by an assumption that individuals select themselves into social categories, in which norms are formed and education effort choices partly depend on these norms. The results show, among other things, that externality correction by a welfarist government leads to an element of tax progression that serves to reduce the discrepancy between the effort norm and the actual effort chosen by low-productivity individuals in the high-effort group. Furthermore, if the preference for social identity is sufficiently strong, increased wage-inequality leads to higher social welfare through a relaxation of the selection constraint. It may thus be desirable to use publicly provided education to induce more wage-inequality, even if higher wage-inequality increases the intrinsic utility of a potential mimicker. In Paper [II] I employ high quality register data to present new facts about income mobility in Sweden. The focus of the paper is regional differences in mobility, using a novel approach based on a multilevel model. This method is well-suited when regions differ greatly in population size as is the case in Sweden. The maximum likelihood estimates are substantially more precise than those obtained by running separate OLS regressions. I find small regional differences in income mobility when measured in relative terms. Regional differences are large when adopting an absolute measure and focusing on children with below-median parent income. On the national level I find that the association between parent and child income ranks has decreased over time, implying increased mobility. In Paper [III] I study the long term effects of inter-municipal moving during childhood on income using Swedish register data. Due to the richness of the data I am able to control for important sources of selection into moving, such as parent separation, parents' unemployment, education, long run income, and immigration background. I find that children's long run incomes are significantly negatively affected by moving during childhood, and the effect is larger for those who move more often. For children who move once, I also estimate the effect of the timing and the quality of the move. I measure the quality of each neighborhood based on the adult outcomes for individuals who never move. The quality of a move is defined as the difference in quality between the origin and the destination. Given that a family moves, I find that the negative effect of childhood moving on adult income is increasing in age at move. Children benefit economically from the quality of the region they move to only if they move before age 12 (sons) and age 16 (daughters). In Paper [IV] I study the bias of IGE estimates for different missing-data scenarios based on simulated income processes. Using an income process from the income dynamics and risks literature to generate two linked generations’ complete income histories, I use Monte Carlo methods to study the relationship between available data patterns and the bias of the IGE. I find that the traditional approach using the average of the typically available log income observations leads to IGE estimates that are around 40 percent too small. Moreover, I show that the attenuation bias is not reduced by averaging over many father income observations. Using just one income observation for each generation at the optimal age (as discussed in the paper) or using weighted instead of unweighted averages can reduce the bias. In addition, the rank-rank slope is found to be clearly less sensitive to missing data.
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Ratcliffe, Phillip. "Geographical mobility and career progress in nursing." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389941.
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Harland, Kirk. "Journey to learn : geographical mobility and education provision." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494590.
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School education is commonly seen in national news headlines as one of the major political debating topics. Changes in policy since the introduction of the 1988 Education Reform Act have created a quasi-competitive market within which schools now operate. The 1988 EducationRefonn Act also devolved much responsibility away from Local Authorities to individual schools. More recently, the 2007 School Admissions Code incorporated mandatory provisions |fie first time, ensuring that school oversubscription policies are implemented in", so as to not disadvantage particular sections of society. This has produced an environment where Local Authorities have less direct control over schools but more responsibility to ensure that education provision is commensurate with demand in their areas, in the face of a changing pupil population. rhis PhD thesis uses advanced spatial analysis techniques to examine the Pupil Level Annual School Census data for the Leeds study area in conjunction with pupil preference data supplied by Education Leeds.
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Eliasson, Kent. "University enrollment and geographical mobility : the case of Sweden /." Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2001. http://signum.kb.se/getcode1.asp.
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Southerton, Dale Keith. "Capital resources and geographical mobility : consumption and identification in a new town." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312392.
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Wiltshire, Richard John. "Personnel transfers and the geographical mobility of population : the case of Japan." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1993. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28889/.
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Personnel transfers within the internal labour markets of large multilocational organizations are shown to be the largest single cause of interregional population migration in contemporary Japan. The challenges which such transfers present to conventional migration theory are examined in the context of Japanese personnel management practices, especially the so-called "lifetime employment system". A typology of transfers under this system is developed, and a typical pattern of career mobility described. The incidence of personnel transfers is examined in respect of industry, company size and the personal characteristics of transferees, and the locus of real decision-making power is explored. The temporal and spatial characteristics of interregional transfers are described in detail. Two case studies illustrate the incidence of transfers in stable organizations and in industries undergoing structural transformation. The first case study, of the Ministry of Labour, reveals intricate relationships between geographical mobility and the career paths of senior government officials, while the second, which examines personnel transfers within the Nippon Steel Corporation, shows how transfers are incorporated within broader policies for structural adjustment. The housing needs of transferees are often met directly by the employer through the provision of company housing, a distinctive feature of the Japanese case, as is the prevalence of "partial migration", in which the primary migrant (the transferee) leaves his/her family behind for the duration of a posting. These aspects of the Japanese transfer system are examined in detail, before a concluding chapter sets the agenda for future research.
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Wiltshire, Richard L. "Relocating the Japanese worker : geographical perspectives on personnel transfers, career mobility and economic restructuring /." [Folkestone] : Japan library, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374751019.
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Th. doct.--economie--London--School of oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1993. Titre de soutenance : Personnel transfers and the geographical mobility of population.Bibliogr. p. 211-221. Index. L'ouvrage contient trois pages de glossaire bilingue Japonais-anglais avec translittération des termes spécifiques au sujet traité.
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Hamblen, Bethany Jane. "Communities of the Hinterland : social networks and geographical mobility beyond the walls of late medieval York." Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11085/.
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Anil, Bulent. "The Persistence of Spatial Mismatch: The Determinants of Moving Decision Among Low-Income Households." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/43.
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This dissertation aims to investigate alternative explanations for the adjustment of low-income inner-city minorities to residential locations. Particularly, this study searches for an answer to find the reason why low-income inner-city minorities do not move to residential locations with more job opportunities (suburbs). Much of the basis for the analysis in this dissertation derives from the irreversible investment theory under the assumption that moving can be considered as an irreversible investment. First, this study formulates a search model in which individuals simultaneously search for jobs and residential locations in two places: suburb and inner-city. Second, by employing The Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and Geocode files, this study attempts to address how social capital plays a role in households’ moving decisions under the irreversibility assumption. This study presents evidence that the social capital has a negative causal effect on moving decision, that is, the high levels of social capital reduce the probability of moving.
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Rohou, Hélène. "La mobilité interentreprises des salariés dans les ensembles économiques et sociaux." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD042.
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Dans un contexte de fort développement des structures complexes, cette étude a pour objet de définir un cadre à une mobilité interentreprises, à la fois géographique et professionnelle, au sein des ensembles économiques et sociaux que constituent les groupes et les réseaux d'entreprises, dans un contexte de gestion courante de ces organisations. L'organisation d'une telle politique de mobilité nécessite de s'atteler à plusieurs chantiers afin de construire un véritable droit de la mobilité propre à ces ensembles. Cela amène à s'orienter vers une reconnaissance des ensembles économiques et sociaux comme de véritables organisations de travail légitimant la construction d'espaces de mobilité. Cette démarche nécessite de trouver un fondement à cette conception dans les dimensions économique, et donc structurelle, et sociale de ces ensembles. Cette analyse consiste ainsi à dépasser la vision binaire d'une mobilité soit interne soit externe à l'entreprise. La gestion d'une mobilité interentreprises interne aux ensembles économiques et sociaux se heurte à la rigidité de la relation contractuelle de travail. La mise en œuvre de la mobilité interentreprises passe par la recherche d'un cadre adapté à la relation d'emploi que crée l'expansion du lien contractuel. Cela nécessite également de définir des mécanismes visant à adapter la relation de travail contractuelle et binaire à la dimension organisationnelle, à la fois économique et sociale, propre à ces ensembles économiques et sociaux. La négociation collective se révèle alors en être un outil privilégiéIn a context of strong development of complex structures, this study aims to define a framework for inter-company mobility, both geographical and professional, within the economic and social groups constituted by groups and chains of networked companies, the general management practice of these organizations. The organization of such a mobility policy requires that we tackle several projects in order to build a real mobility right for these groups. This leads to a move towards recognition of economic and social groups as genuine working organizations that legitimate the construction of spaces for mobility. This approach requires finding a foundation for this conception in their economic, and thus structural, and social dimensions. This analysis consists in going beyond the binary vision of mobility, either internal or external to the company. The management of inter-company mobility within the economic and social groups is hampered by the rigidity of the contractual working relationship. The implementation of inter-company mobility requires finding a framework adapted to the employment relationship created by the expansion of the contractual relationship. This also requires defining mechanisms to adapt the contractual and binary working relationship to the dimension organization, both economic and social, specific to these economic and social groups. Collective bargaining is proving to be a privileged tool
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Al-Azzawi, Ahmed N. Makki. "Geographical places as a personalisation element : extracting profiles from human activities and services of visited places in mobility logs." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55123/.
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Collecting personal mobility traces of individuals is currently applicable on a large scale due to the popularity of position-aware mobile phones. Statistical analysis of GPS data streams, collected with a mobile phone, can reveal several interesting measures such as the most frequently visited geographical places by some individual. Applying probabilistic models to such data sets can predict the next place to visit, and when. Several practical applications can utilise the results of such analysis. Current state of the art, however, is limited in terms of the qualitative analysis of personal mobility logs. Without explicit user-interactions, not much semantics can be inferred from a GPS log. This work proposes the utilisation of the common human activities and services provided at certain place types to extract semantically rich profiles from personal mobility logs. The resulting profiles include spatial, temporal and generic thematic description of a user. The work introduces several pre-processing methods for GPS data streams, collected with personal mobile devices, which improved the quality of the place extraction process from GPS logs. The thesis also introduces a method for extracting place semantics from multiple data sources. A textual corpus of functional descriptions of human activities and services associated with certain geographic place types is analysed to identify the frequent linguistic patterns used to describe such terms. The patterns found are then matched against multiple textual data sources of place semantics, to extract such terms, for a collection of place types. The results were evaluated in comparison to an equivalent expert ontology, as well as to semantics collected from the general public. Finally, the work proposes a model for the resulting profiles, the necessary algorithms to build and utilise such profiles, along with an encoding mark-up language. A simulated mobile application was developed to show the usability and for evaluation of the resulting profiles.
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Haghshenas, Navid. "Impact of changes in geographical mobility on knowledge-intensive sectors' economy : An approach to econometric analysis using machine learning." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302414.
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Rarely have humanity encountered a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Authorities and companies need to more than ever take the proper measures to counteract the harmful effects of the pandemic on the economy to help the population get through such difficult times. Therefore, it may be of interest to stakeholders to further understand the effects of the pandemic on the economies of various business sectors. This study analyzes the impact of changes in employees’ geographical mobility on the overall economy of knowledge-intensive (KI) sectors during the COVID-19 pandemic. In collaboration with Statistics Sweden, approximately 4.2 million unique mobile phones have been linked to company information and subsequently observed. The correlations between changes in the number of active cell phones and revenues from KI sectors have been measured for the period 2019 and 2020. The machine learning method in the study proposes a way to reduce standard errors of Ordinary least square for econometric observations. The results show that a -10% change in the number of mobile phones in a certain area has generally implied an estimated +1.3 % change in the revenue of KI companies operating in that area. Given the results, an increasing trend towards digitization and government monetary support packages, this study concludes that the economy of KI sectors has not been particularly affected by individual companies’ restrictions for employees. This economical change is on a tolerable level and therefore, the Swedish authorities’ initiative to aid these sectors in this time of crisis is considered effective.Sällan har mänskligheten beskådat en kris som COVID-19-pandemin. Myndigheter och företag måste mer än någonsin vidta lämpliga åtgärder för att motverka pandemins negativa effekter på nationalekonomin för att hjälpa befolkningen att ta sig igenom sådana svåra tider. Därför kan det vara av intresse för intressenterna att förstå pandemins effekter på olika affärssektorers ekonomi. I denna studie analyseras effekten av förändringar i anställdas geografiska rörlighet på ekonomiska förändringar i kunskapsintensiva (KI) sektorer under COVID-19-pandemin. I samarbete med Statistiska centralbyrån har cirka 4,2 miljoner unika mobiltelefoner länkats till företagsinformation och därefter observerats. Korrelationerna mellan förändringar i antalet aktiva telefoner och intäkterna från KI-sektorer har mätts för perioden 2019 och 2020. Maskininlärningsmetoden i studien föreslår ett sätt att minska standardfel av Ordinary least square för ekonometriska observationer. Resultaten visar att en förändring på -10 % av antalet mobiltelefoner i ett visst område har i allmänhet inneburit en uppskattning på +1,3 % förändring av intäkterna från KI-företag som verkar inom området. Med tanke på resultaten, en ökande trend mot digitalisering samt statliga monetära stödpaket, har studien hävdat att företagens ekonomiska situation inte har påverkats särskilt av företagens enskilda restriktioner för anställda. Givet den milda ekonomiska förändringen anses svenska myndigheters initiativ för att stöjda dessa sektorer i denna kris ha varit effektiv.
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Vikström, Lotta. "Gendered routes and courses : The socio-spatial mobility of migrants in nineteenth-century Sundsvall, Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Historiska studier, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-14689.
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This dissertation examines migrants during a time of large-scale socio-economic transformations. These changes were particularly evident in the nineteenth-century town of Sundsvall, Sweden, to which thousands of men and women moved. The causes and consequences of their arrival are analyzed by considering migrants’ geographical backgrounds, socio-economic and demographic characteristics, and their life-courses in the town. The results are explained by employing a micro-perspective focusing on individual migrants and a macro-perspective that, in addition to acknowledging the importance of structural socio-economic changes, also takes into account the current gender regime. The paths and experiences of women during the period of industrialization are particularly emphasized. Computerized parish registers enable this study to clarify gendered patterns of socio-spatial mobility. It finds differences and similarities between male and female migrants and illuminates their features in pre-industrial and urban-industrial Sundsvall. The influx increased remarkably over time but its even gender distribution and the characteristics of migrants remained fairly constant even though the town’s economic life was based on the surrounding sawmill industry that should have favored men’s arrival. Female migrants traveled shorter distances but they responded to business cycles in much the same way as men did and paralleled their length of residence in the town. The routes migrants took to Sundsvall were largely gendered and so were the consequences of their arrival. Life-course analyses show that a high level of social stability characterized most migrants during their stay in the town, but men particularly benefited from the economic transformation that was underway. Women seldom experienced upward social mobility although the additional sources used here such as local newspapers reveal they were very active in the urban labor market. In addition to gender several factors influenced patterns of migration such as socio-economic transformations, the availability of social networks, improving transportation, and a growing supply of information. Migrants’ multiple movements reveal that regional and larger migration systems brought people to Sundsvall but also encouraged them to leave. Their frequent travels illuminates the process of migration on individual and structural levels and shed light onto the slow process of urbanization in Sweden. Shifts in women’s migration patterns are viewed both as a protest against gendered constraints and as a result of the wider public space and labor opportunities they achieved through the introduction of legal and socio-economic reforms in the late nineteenth-century. This thesis shows the necessity to employ both micro- and macro-perspectives inspired by approaches used in different disciplines to conceptualize migrants and their experience of socio-spatial mobility. The use of a variety of methods and diverse array of sources benefits such efforts and helps identify gendered patterns and women’s paths. These methodologies allow us to recognize migrants as agents of change who negotiated a turbulent time and setting that influenced their socio-spatial mobility.digitalisering@umu
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Eriksson, Rikard. "Labour mobility and plant performance : The influence of proximity, relatedness and agglomeration." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-27715.
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The purpose of this thesis is to shed new light on the theorizations discussing the economic benefits of geographical clustering in a space economy increasingly characterized by globalization processes. This is made possible through the employment of a plant-perspective and a focus on how the relative fixity and mobility of labour influence plant performance throughout the entire Swedish economy. By means of the longitudinal micro database ASTRID, connecting attributes of individuals to features of plants and localities for the whole Swedish economy, the empirical findings indicate that both localization and urbanization economies produce significant labour market externalities and that such inter-plant linkages positively affect plant performance as compared to the partial effects of relative regional specialization and diversification. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that it is necessary both to distinguish how well the external skills retrieved via labour mobility match the existing knowledge base of plants and to determine the geographical dimension of such flows to verify the relative effect of labour market-induced externalities. Finally, it is demonstrated that whereas general urbanization is beneficial within close distance to the plant, the composition of economic activities is more influential at greater distances. In such cases the geographical dimension influences whether plants benefit from being located in similar or different local settings. In conclusion, it is argued that the circulation of labour skills, created and reproduced through the place-specific industrial setup, is crucial for understanding the mechanisms creating geographical variations in plant performance as compared to other regional conditions often proxied as relative specialization or diversification. This is because the relative fixity of labour tends to create place- and sector-specific skills which by means of their mobility in space are likely to facilitate the recombination of local skills, make the acquirement of non-local skills possible and secure sufficient affinity between economic actors by strengthening other dimensions of proximity – all aspects regarded as crucial to facilitate interactive learning processes and contribute to sustained regional growth.
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Mahlstedt, Robert [Verfasser], and Marco [Akademischer Betreuer] Caliendo. "Essays on job search behavior and labor market policies : the role of subjective beliefs, geographical mobility and gender differences / Robert Mahlstedt ; Betreuer: Marco Caliendo." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1218402318/34.
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Jenkins, William Michael. "Social and geographical mobility among the Irish in Canada and the United States, a comparative study of Toronto, Ontario, and Buffalo, New York, 1880-1910." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58980.pdf.
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Tidswell, David. "Geographical mobility, occupational changes and family relationships in early nineteenth-century Scotland : with particular reference to the precognitions of the Lord Advocate's Department, 1812-21." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20840.
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This thesis explores important aspects of early nineteenth-century Scottish life, namely geographical mobility, occupational changes and family relationships. A major theme concerns people's transitions through life and how these were moulded by individuals' and families' strategies, and by historical circumstances. The work is based on the evaluation and exploration of a series of hitherto underutilised criminal records, the precognitions of the Lord Advocate's Departement, which is studied for its contribution to these themes. Because this is the first study to use the precognitions systematically for these purposes, particular attention is given to the specifics of their production and validity, as well as to recent literature on the themes under consideration. The research focuses primarily on people who moved geographically, and studies them in terms of their occupational and social groups. Analyses are made of movements between rural and urban places, and to and from towns and cities, particularly Glasgow. Consideration is also given to how far concepts of regional production and regional identity aid our understanding of mobility and personal strategies. An exploration is then made of the ways people used occupational changes and family relationships, often in conjunction with their mobility, while coping with their changing social and economic circumstances. The thesis concludes that geographical mobility, occupational changes and family relationships were integral aspects of people's strategies, and that further work on sources of this nature should yield additional insights regarding nineteenth-century Scotland.
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Nudrali, F. ozlem. "The Experiences Of British Citizens In Didim A Coastal Town In Turkey: A Case Of Lifestyle Migration." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608244/index.pdf.
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The aim of this thesis is providing an initial insight into the quite recent Northern European immigration to Coastal Turkey through exploring its causes and consequences within the context of a particular locality, Didim where a single nationality group, the British, comprise the most prominent lifestyle migrant category.
In that frame, three aspects of the migratory move namely the causes and the meaning of the move through the migrant narrativesthe new social spaces created in terms of everyday practices of the migrants and the interactions with the locals
and the meanings of the changes for the locals have been elaborated. Within a descriptive ethnographic approach, in depth interviews were conducted in Didim with 20 British lifestyle migrants and 20 locals. It is found out that while the migratory move to Didim is a strategy devised by the British migrants to react to the broader social and cultural changes impacting their lives
the meaning of the same move for the locals of Didim is a change impacting their lives which requires devising new strategies for coping and for challenging. The encounters and co-habitation of the two groups of people from countries of different affluence levels and with a significant cultural distance, in the social setting of migration transgressing the boundaries of the already established context of international tourism, shape the daily life in Didim through the new social spaces being constructed and identities being constantly re-negotiated.
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Ros, Navarro Carme. "Les Estrategies familiars i la mobilitat social dels menestrals a Catalunya, segles XVII-XIX. El cas de Mataró." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7462.
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L'organització del treball artesà de les societats preindustrials en gremis o confraries d'ofici semblava reforçar les tesis que postulaven la rigidesa i la immobilitat de les societats d'Antic Règim. Però, els pocs treballs realitzats a Catalunya sobre les estratègies familiars adoptades pels menestrals han apuntat que la transmissió intergeneracional de l'ofici i les estratègies matrimonials dirigides a casar-se amb membres del mateix entorn professional potser no es donaven d'una manera tan general com la historiografia havia subratllat. Aquestes haurien estat dues de les fórmules seguides per les famílies menestrals a fi de preservar un patrimoni força eteri en un marc econòmic ple d'incerteses i serien les responsables de la imatge de societats estàtiques o poc mòbils. Respondre aquestes dues qüestions és el punt de partida d'aquest treball. Per dur-lo a terme s'han analitzat les estratègies familiars dels menestrals d'un centre urbà català, Mataró, entre els segles XVII i XIX.La organización del trabajo artesanal de las sociedades preindustriales en gremios o cofradías de oficio parecía reforzar las tesis que postulaban la rigidez y la inmovilidad de las sociedades de Antiguo Régimen. Pero, los pocos trabajos sobre las estrategias familiares seguidas por las familias menestrales basados en Cataluña, han apuntado como la transmisión intergeneracional del oficio y las estrategias matrimoniales dirigidas a casarse con miembros del mismo entorno profesional, quizá no se daban tan extensiblemente como siempre había subrayado la historiografía. Éstas habrían estado dos de las fórmulas seguidas por las familias menestrales para preservar un patrimonio bastante etéreo en un marco económico lleno de incertidumbre y serian las responsables de la imagen de sociedades estáticas o poco móviles. Responder a estas dos preguntas es el punto de partida de este estudio. Para ello, se han analizado las estrategias familiares de los menestrales de un centro urbano catalán, Mataró, entre los siglos XVII y XIX.
The organization of the home-produced work in pre-industrial societies in guilds or brotherhoods seemed to reassert the thesis which postulates the rigidity and immovability of societies during the Old Regime. But the few jobs done in Catalonia about the familiar strategies adopted by artisans, have pointed out that the intergenerational transmission of professions and marriage strategies in order to get married to members from the same professional area was not as usual as the historiography had shown. These strategies had been two of the ways followed by families of artisans in order to preserve an ethereal patrimony in an economical setting full of uncertainties, and they would be the responsible of the static and immovable societies. The aim of this study is to answer these two questions. In order to do so, familiar strategies of artisans from Mataró, an urban Catalan settlement during the XVIIth-XIXth centuries, have been analysed.
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Håkansson, Ola. "”Barnen är som flyttfåglar” : En kvalitativ fallstudie av en bondefamiljs brevsamling från 1800-talet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-65803.
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The purpose of this essay was to study how people could react to the changes of the society and modernization during the 1800s. The study is based on a qualitative method and the material for this study has been letters that belong to a peasantry family from Sunne, Värmland in Sweden. The purpose with this case studie has been to find out what the letter says about peoples experiences and conditions during the modernization. In this studie the theory of modernization has been limited to geographical mobility and individualism in purpose to see how the correspondent writes about these modern phenomenon. The results show a collectivistic character, but also how the modernization and geographical mobility challenge this concept. The letters also show a interaction between the character of the peasant society and modernization.
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Thomas, Reuben Jasper. "Geographic mobility and homophily /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Maldavsky, Aliocha. "Conectando territorios y sociedades. La movilidad de los misioneros jesuitas en el mundo ibérico (siglos XVI-XVIII)." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/121776.
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The object of this article is to study the mobilization of members of the Society of Jesus, as an example of the connection between different European and American territories in the early modern Spanish monarchy. It also reflects on the relation which might exist, in a Hispano-American world characterized by a situation of colonial domination and the birth of new societies and territories, between the mobility of members of religious orders and their ties to the local population.El objeto de este artículo es estudiar la movilidad de los miembros de la Compañía de Jesús como uno de los ejemplos de la conexión entre los diferentes territorios europeos y americanos de la monarquía española en la Edad Moderna. Se trata también de reflexionar acerca de la relación que puede existir, en un mundo hispanoamericano caracterizado por una situación de dominación colonial y el nacimiento de nuevas sociedades y territorios, entre la movilidad de los religiosos y su arraigo local.
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Danielsson, Maria. "Arbetslöshetsförsäkringen och individen : en studie om krav, skyldigheter och hänsyn ur perspektivet geografisk rörlighet." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2221.
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This paper describes the rules of the Swedish unemployment insurance as regards the demands on the individual, the obligation posed on the individual based on these demands and the considerations taken by the law regarding the specific situation and personal circumstances of the individual. Special attention is paid to the demand to be available to the labour market and what is considered suitable employment from the viewpoint of geographical mobility. This paper treats “Arbetslinjen” (Everyone able to work, thereby contributing to his/her own and others' support, shall have the opportunity to do so.), and the amendments of ALF, the law (1997:238) about unemployment insurance, that became active between 1/1 2007 and 1/1 2008, since many alterations were introduced in this period.
The result illustrates the demands posed on the individual for him/her to be entitled to unemployment benefit, and the far-reaching demands posed on the unemployed for him/her to be considered available to the labour market from the viewpoint of geographical mobility. The result also shows some of the specific situations and personal circumstances of the individual taken into consideration, but since the amendments are as recent as 1.5 years, the list can not be considered complete, as practice is limited in this field.
This paper also treats the Official Employment Agency's monitoring function of the unemployed's willingness to work, and the effect of the regulations not being followed as strictly as per the letter of the law by the Employment Agency officers, leading to insecurity regarding the rights of the individual.
Denna uppsats beskriver reglerna i den svenska arbetslöshetsförsäkringen vad det gäller de krav som ställs på individen, de skyldigheter som åligger individen utifrån dessa krav och den hänsyn lagstiftningen tar till individuella förutsättningar och personliga förhållanden. Särskild uppmärksamhet fästs vid kraven att stå till arbetsmarknadens förfogande och vad som är ett lämpligt arbete utifrån perspektivet geografisk rörlighet. Uppsatsen behandlar Arbetslinjen och de ändringar i ALF som trätt i kraft mellan den 1 januari 2007 och den 1 januari 2008 eftersom en mängd förändringar införts under denna tid. Resultatet belyser några av de krav som ställs på den enskilde för att han eller hon skall ha rätt till arbetslöshetsersättning samt de långtgående krav som ställs för att den arbetssökande skall anses stå till arbetsmarknadens förfogande utifrån perspektivet geografisk rörlighet. Resultatet belyser också några av de hänsyn som tas till individuella förutsättningar och personliga förhållanden, men eftersom förändringarna inte är äldre än 1,5 år kan listan inte sägas vara uttömmande då praxis är begränsad inom området. I uppsatsen behandlas även Arbetsförmedlingens kontrollfunktion av de arbetssökandes arbetsvilja och några effekter av att regelverket inte efterlevs så strikt som lagen säger bland arbetsförmedlarna, vilket leder till en rättsosäkerhet för individen.
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Boman, Anders. "Geographic labour mobility causes and consequences /." Göteborg : Dept. of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg, 2008. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/319214599.html.
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Giua, Ludovica. "On immigration, geographic and labour market mobility." Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/19538/.
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This thesis consists of three chapters. The first one is an empirical assessment of the consequences of post-2004 temporary restrictions to welfare access for some European immigrants in the UK in terms of their benefits take-up and their labour supply. I provide evidence that when access to benefits is restricted, immigrants compensate for the foregone income by working more. This is particularly true for females. Nevertheless, even in the absence of any restrictions, immigrants are less reliant on welfare and work more than their native counterparts. The second chapter focuses on the determinants of geographical mobility of British labour market entrants over the period 1991-2008, with an emphasis on the role of education. Given the absence of an appropriate index for mobility in the data, I compute a continuous measure of distance that is then matched to the individual information. Results suggest that having a degree has a positive impact on the mobility of young adults and, hence, on their labour market opportunities. Moreover, an important role is played by previous mobility experience and some other environmental factors. In the third chapter of this dissertation I evaluate the long-term effects of undergoing job turnover during a woman’s early career on her demand for children. In doing so, I make a distinction between voluntary and involuntary job separations. The empirical analysis is made on a sample of British women who have left education in the years 1959-1986, for which I construct job experience and family formation variables on the basis of retrospective information. The findings imply that women with stronger preferences for children might self-select into more rewarding career paths, possibly in pursuance of better labour market conditions that can guarantee a more adequate child rearing.
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Boulanger-Comte, Bénédicte. "L'écriture de la mobilité dans l'oeuvre narrative de Marguerite Yourcenar." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT5002/document.
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Les ailleurs géographiques recherchés et célébrés dans l'oeuvre de Marguerite Yourcenar, en particulier dans les contes, les romans, les chroniques familiales et les essais, témoignent de la mise en scène d'une inextinguible quête de mobilité. L'analyse stylistique, sociologique et philosophique de cet éloge du mouvement physique et de l'élan intellectuel dont il est indissociable permet d'appréhender la création et l'écriture yourcenariennes sous un angle nouveau. Une éthique du voyage, expression privilégiée d'un mode de vie en mouvement, est diversement développée dans l'oeuvre en fonction du choix générique opéré : si le voyager est accès à une forme de sagesse dans la perspective didactique du conte, les bénéfices du déplacement en termes de connaissances sont plus amplement déclinés dans l'espace polymorphique du roman, et sont associés à l'apprentissage intellectuel et existentiel dans les textes à caractère autobiographique. Si le péril de l'immobilité hante irrémédiablement l'écriture de Yourcenar, le dépassement de la fixité, qu'elle soit strictement spatiale ou davantage sociale, met parallèlement en lumière une vision de l'épanouissement humain. Parmi ces incarnations rêvées de la mobilité, la femme s'impose comme une figure emblématique du mouvement. Dans les récits et les essais, dont l'une des finalités est précisément de s'interroger sur le dynamisme féminin, la capacité émancipatrice de personnages littéraires ou d'êtres réels peut alors se lire au regard de l'audace de leurs trajectoires spatiale ou mentale. Si la mobilité est en soi un acte signifiant, déceler la présence d'une symbolique des espaces parcourus qui ont abondamment nourri l'oeuvre permet de dresser une carte géographique existentielle qui éclaire le parcours artistique et spirituel de l'écrivain, en révélant les facettes qu'a revêtues son désir de connaissance du monde et de soiThe distant geographical areas looked for and celebrated in Marguerite Yourcenar's works, in particular in tales, novels, family chronicles and essays, reveal the elaboration of a quest of mobility. The stylistic, sociological and philosophic analysis of this praise of physical movement and intellectual vigour with which it is linked , allows to conceive Yourcenar's creation and writing in a new way. A philosophy of travelling, as a privileged expression of lifestyle in movement, is variously developed in these texts according to the choice of the literary genre : if travelling is devoted to a form of wisdom in the didactic prospect of the tale, the profits of movement in terms of knowledge are more emphasized in the polymorphic space of the novel, and are associated to the intellectual and existential learning in texts with autobiographical character. If the danger of immobility, strictly in a spatial or more social meaning, has haunted the writing of Yourcenar, the way to overcome this danger shows a vision of human self-fulfillment. Among these fantasized embodiments of mobility, the woman stands out as an iconic figure of movement. In narratives and essays, in which the intention is to wonder about feminine dynamism, the liberating ability of literary characters or real persons can then be read in the light of their spatial or mental trajectories. If mobility is in itself a meaningful act, it may also reveal the importance of symbolic spaces that inspired Marguerite Yourcenar and draw an existential map which lightens the artistic and spiritual route of the writer, by revealing different aspects of her search for knowledge
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Labossière, Wilsonn. "Analyse des effets d'appartenance ethnique sur l'usage et la représentation pour les services de télécommunication à l'international en France et ses implications marketing." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0011.
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La téléphonie ethnique (mobile) est un secteur d'activité qui facilite la communication et la consolidation des liens interpersonnels entre les membres d'une famille ou d'une communauté dispersés géographiquement. Malgré son importance dans le quotidien des personnes en mobilité géographique, il existe peu de travaux sur la consommation des services téléphoniques mobiles par les populations d'origine étrangère vivant en France. Dans notre recherche, nous nous sommes donnés pour but d'étudier les antécédents liés à l'usage et à la représentation associés à la consommation des services téléphoniques par les personnes d'origine immigrée ou étrangère vivant en France - pour dans un second temps en évaluer les implications marketing.Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons mobilisé certaines théories relatives aux systèmes d'information et des théories relatives aux phénomènes migratoires (ethnicité, identité, culture...) afin d'arriver à un modèle de recherche tenant compte de la réalité du phénomène étudié. Ce modèle met en perspective le concept de la "consommation ethnotélécom". Une collecte de données a été réalisée par internet auprès d'un échantillon de 477 répondants. Les résultats issus du traitement des données montrent à quel point la consommation peut varier en fonction de l'offreEthnic mobile telephony is a business that facilitates communication and strengthens interpersonal ties between members of a family or a community with dispersed geography. In spite of its importance to people in geographic mobility, there are few studies on utilization
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Ivanovic, Stefan. "Quality based approach for updating geographic authoritative datasets from crowdsourced GPS traces." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1068/document.
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Ces dernières années, le besoin de données géographiques de référence a significativement augmenté. Pour y répondre, il est nécessaire de mettre jour continuellement les données de référence existantes. Cette tâche est coûteuse tant financièrement que techniquement. Pour ce qui concerne les réseaux routiers, trois types de voies sont particulièrement complexes à mettre à jour en continu : les chemins piétonniers, les chemins agricoles et les pistes cyclables. Cette complexité est due à leur nature intermittente (elles disparaissent et réapparaissent régulièrement) et à l’hétérogénéité des terrains sur lesquels elles se situent (forêts, haute montagne, littoral, etc.).En parallèle, le volume de données GPS produites par crowdsourcing et disponibles librement augmente fortement. Le nombre de gens enregistrant leurs positions, notamment leurs traces GPS, est en augmentation, particulièrement dans le contexte d’activités sportives. Ces traces sont rendues accessibles sur les réseaux sociaux, les blogs ou les sites d’associations touristiques. Cependant, leur usage actuel est limité à des mesures et analyses simples telles que la durée totale d’une trace, la vitesse ou l’élévation moyenne, etc. Les raisons principales de ceci sont la forte variabilité de la précision planimétrique des points GPS ainsi que le manque de protocoles et de métadonnées (par ex. la précision du récepteur GPS).Le contexte de ce travail est l’utilisation de traces GPS de randonnées pédestres ou à vélo, collectées par des volontaires, pour détecter des mises à jours potentielles de chemins piétonniers, de voies agricoles et de pistes cyclables dans des données de référence. Une attention particulière est portée aux voies existantes mais absentes du référentiel. L’approche proposée se compose de trois étapes : La première consiste à évaluer et augmenter la qualité des traces GPS acquises par la communauté. Cette qualité a été augmentée en filtrant (1) les points extrêmes à l’aide d’un approche d’apprentissage automatique et (2) les points GPS qui résultent d’une activité humaine secondaire (en dehors de l’itinéraire principal). Les points restants sont ensuite évalués en termes de précision planimétrique par classification automatique. La seconde étape permet de détecter de potentielles mises à jour. Pour cela, nous proposons une solution d’appariement par distance tampon croissante. Cette distance est adaptée à la précision planimétrique des points GPS classifiés pour prendre en compte la forte hétérogénéité de la précision des traces GPS. Nous obtenons ainsi les parties des traces n’ayant pas été appariées au réseau de voies des données de référence. Ces parties sont alors considérées comme de potentielles voies manquantes dans les données de référence. Finalement nous proposons dans la troisième étape une méthode de décision multicritère visant à accepter ou rejeter ces mises à jour possibles. Cette méthode attribue un degré de confiance à chaque potentielle voie manquante. L’approche proposée dans ce travail a été évaluée sur un ensemble de trace GPS multi-sources acquises par crowdsourcing dans le massif des Vosges. Les voies manquantes dans les données de références IGN BDTOPO® ont été détectées avec succès et proposées comme mises à jour potentiellesNowadays, the need for very up to date authoritative spatial data has significantly increased. Thus, to fulfill this need, a continuous update of authoritative spatial datasets is a necessity. This task has become highly demanding in both its technical and financial aspects. In terms of road network, there are three types of roads in particular which are particularly challenging for continuous update: footpath, tractor and bicycle road. They are challenging due to their intermittent nature (e.g. they appear and disappear very often) and various landscapes (e.g. forest, high mountains, seashore, etc.).Simultaneously, GPS data voluntarily collected by the crowd is widely available in a large quantity. The number of people recording GPS data, such as GPS traces, has been steadily increasing, especially during sport and spare time activities. The traces are made openly available and popularized on social networks, blogs, sport and touristic associations' websites. However, their current use is limited to very basic metric analysis like total time of a trace, average speed, average elevation, etc. The main reasons for that are a high variation of spatial quality from a point to a point composing a trace as well as lack of protocols and metadata (e.g. precision of GPS device used).The global context of our work is the use of GPS hiking and mountain bike traces collected by volunteers (VGI traces), to detect potential updates of footpaths, tractor and bicycle roads in authoritative datasets. Particular attention is paid on roads that exist in reality but are not represented in authoritative datasets (missing roads). The approach we propose consists of three phases. The first phase consists of evaluation and improvement of VGI traces quality. The quality of traces was improved by filtering outlying points (machine learning based approach) and points that are a result of secondary human behaviour (activities out of main itinerary). Remained points are then evaluated in terms of their accuracy by classifying into low or high accurate (accuracy) points using rule based machine learning classification. The second phase deals with detection of potential updates. For that purpose, a growing buffer data matching solution is proposed. The size of buffers is adapted to the results of GPS point’s accuracy classification in order to handle the huge variations in VGI traces accuracy. As a result, parts of traces unmatched to authoritative road network are obtained and considered as candidates for missing roads. Finally, in the third phase we propose a decision method where the “missing road” candidates should be accepted as updates or not. This decision method was made in multi-criteria process where potential missing roads are qualified according to their degree of confidence. The approach was tested on multi-sourced VGI GPS traces from Vosges area. Missing roads in IGN authoritative database BDTopo® were successfully detected and proposed as potential updates
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Branco, Luciana Azevedo de Sá Rio. "Isotope analysis of dental enamel for assessing geographic origin and geographic mobility in humans: a pilot study." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/63772.
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Branco, Luciana Azevedo de Sá Rio. "Isotope analysis of dental enamel for assessing geographic origin and geographic mobility in humans: a pilot study." Dissertação, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/63772.
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Jensen, Laura Lippert Lamke Leanne K. "The relationship between geographic mobility and feelings of mastery during adolescence." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/JENSEN_LAURA_49.pdf.
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Gssime, Nadia. "La mobilité géographique du salarié." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010294.
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La mobilité géographique du salarié, entendue ici comme le(s) changement(s) de lieu de travail du salarié au sein du territoire national, est un élément central de la relation de travail, tant pour le salarié que pour l'employeur. Le régime juridique applicable n'a été précisément défini qu'à compter des années 2000. Il a aujourd'hui atteint une certaine maturité qui justifie son réexamen et son étude approfondie, afin de déterminer quels sont les principes finalement retenus, leurs modalités d'application, l'articulation des différentes notions et les évolutions prévisibles ou attendues. Le droit de la mobilité géographique a été construit autour du postulat suivant : la notion de lieu de travail est relative, le salarié est tenu à une certaine mobilité. Cet axiome est à l'origine du concept de secteur géographique, de la distinction clause informative et clause de sédentarité, du régime de l'affectation occasionnelle du salarié, de la clause de réversibilité, de l'accord de mobilité interne, plus simplement de l'ensemble du régime de la mobilité géographique du salarié. Essentiellement forgé par le juge, il est également le fruit de la négociation des parties aux contrats de travail et dans une moindre mesure des partenaires sociaux. Quant au législateur, il n'est intervenu que très récemment, non pas pour modifier ou consacrer les principes dégagés par le juge mais pour mettre en place deux dispositifs créés par un accord national interprofessionnelThe employees' geographic mobility-which, in this case, means the change(s) of the employees' workplace within the domestic territory -is a core issue of working relationships, both for the employees and for the employers. Despite the antiquity of such a concem, the applicable legal system has only be specifically defined from the 2000s. Nowadays, it has reached a certain level of maturity, which justifies its reconsideration and a thorough analysis, in order to pinpoint the principles that are eventually retained, their conditions of application, as well as the articulation between the various notions, and the predictable or expected evolutions. Geographic mobility law has been structured around the following assumption: the notion of workplace is relative, as employees are compelled to accept travelling from time to time. This axiom is the source of the concept of geographic area, of the difference between informative clause and sedentariness clause, of the employees' casual assignment system, of the reversibility clause, of the restrictions on the mobility clause, and -more simply -of the whole employees' geographic mobility system. Mainly issued by judges, it also originates from the negotiation between the parties to employment contracts, and -to a lesser extent -between the social partners. As for legislators, they only very recently have taken action, not to change or sanction the principles drawn by judges, but to implement two new systems created by a national interprofessional agreement
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Koschmider, Susan M. Smith. "Transience and education, academic and psychosocial effects of geographic mobility on children." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0013/MQ29160.pdf.
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Körner, Christine [Verfasser]. "Modeling Visit Potential of Geographic Locations Based on Mobility Data / Christine Körner." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2012. http://d-nb.info/104391109X/34.
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Baburam, Arun. "Adaptive mobility based clustering and hybrid geographic routing for mobile ad hoc networks." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436822.
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Machovina, Brett John. "Modeling of Pedestrian Mobility Across a Natural Landscape Using a Geographic Information System." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392809617.
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Cashen, Marguerite. "POPULATION CHURN: THE MIGRATION FLOW OF FLORIDA." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4203.
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Recent research has focused attention on the concerns of migration in and out of Florida and within the counties themselves. In 1949, Cape Canaveral was established and the boom was on. The character of the state dramatically transformed after 1965, when plans were announced to convert twenty-seven thousand acres of swampland into Walt Disney World. Since then, Orlando's evolution is divided into two eras: before and after Walt Disney World. Orlando has changed from a quiet town whose function was to service the surrounding citrus growing regions in a sparsely populated Orange County to a booming metropolis. Has the growth been for the best? While geographical mobility is frequently analyzed in terms of in-migration, out-migration, and net migration, this thesis will examine the population churn, the sum of in- and out-migration divided by population size. The simple descriptive questions in this thesis are, first, how do Orange County and the Orlando metro area "stack up" against other Florida cities, counties, and metro areas such as: Tampa, Jacksonville, and Miami. Secondly, across 67 Florida counties, what county level characteristics predict the rate of churn? The sample will consist of intra-migration and intermigration movers from a dataset drawn from the 2000 U. S. Census, IRS data, and local data by county, such as, F Cat, Index Crime Rate, and Domestic Violence Rate. The U.S. Census data are compiled from the Census of 2000; most estimates come from data collected by the CPS (Current Population Survey), which the U.S. Census conducts. The Internal Revenue Service migration flow data shows migration patterns by county based on changes in the addresses entered on individual tax returns. Correlation analysis is used to show the strength of association between population churn and the other variables.M.A.
Department of Sociology and Anthropology
Arts and Sciences
Applied Sociology
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McPherson, Rachel. "Walking with Lucy| Modeling Mobility Patterns of Australopithecus afarensis Using GIS." Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10750014.
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Behavior is perhaps the most challenging component of an extinct organism to reconstruct and understand. Often in paleoanthropology, researchers primarily have fossils and paleoecological data; however, combining these into models of hominin behavior is difficult in practice. Yet for years archaeologists and wildlife biologists have been using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to model the mobility behavior of humans and other animals. This research seeks to integrate the methodology of cost-distance modeling in GIS into paleoanthropology to understand hominin mobility, specifically investigating if the potential mobility pattern of Australopithecus afarensis can be modeled to understand how they got across Eastern Africa to their known sites. The models created for Au. afarensis, humans, and chimpanzees brought together walking time as a cost factor and modern slope as an impediment to movement. These values were input into the Cost Distance tool in ArcGIS with Laetoli as the source and tested on two study areas, Laetoli and Eastern Africa. Known Au. afarensis sites matched areas of least cost for each potential mobility pattern, which indicated that 1) none of the models could be ruled as the best potential mobility pattern for Au. afarensis, 2) Au. afarensis likely avoided steeper gradients, and 3) modern gradient data were not incompatible with the models. Despite limitations to this study, these models provide a foundation for research into hominin mobility patterns using GIS.
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Sales, Fonteles André. "A generic architecture and a recommendation strategy for spatial crowdsourcing platforms." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM072.
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Les plateformes de crowdsourcing spatial (PCS) sont des systèmes qui permettent à des personnes, appelées commanditaires, de publier des tâches spatiales afin de trouver la main-d’œuvre pour les exécuter. Ces tâches spatiales exigent que leurs exécutants soient à un endroit donné, souvent dans une fenêtre de temps donnée, pour être accomplies. Quelques exemples de PCS sont Uber et TaskRabbit. Les PCS suscitent beaucoup d’intérêt dans la recherche, mais des pistes de recherche sont encore à explorer.Doan et al. [2011] a soutenu que l’objectif réside maintenant dans “la construction de plateformes générales de crowdsourcing qui peuvent être utilisées pour développer rapidement ces systèmes”. Depuis, peu de travaux ont porté sur la conception technique des PCS. En outre, il existe un écart entre ce qui est mis en oeuvre par les PCS de l’industrie et les propositions que l’on trouve dans la littérature scientifique. Nous proposons GENIUS-C, une architecture générique pour les PCS. Nous fournissons une implémentation de référence (IR) pour GENIUS-C, fonctionnant comme un cadre pour le développement de PCS. GENIUS-C et son IR sont destinés à combler les écarts entre le monde académique et industriel, et faciliter la compréhension et le développement rapide de PCS.Nous étudions également l’important problème de l’appariement des exécutants et des tâches d’un PCS. Comment peut-on trouver une ou plusieurs tâches adaptées à un exécutant (et vice versa)? Certains utilisent des techniques de système de recommandation, d’autres des approches d’optimisation. La plupart d’entre eux ne tiennent pas compte des dimensions spatio-temporelles des tâches et des exécutants. Ceux qui en tiennent compte ignorent les préférences des exécutants, des commanditaires ou du système lui-même. Dans ce contexte, nous identifions et modélisons le problème réel et récurrent suivant: une fois que l’exécutant est prêt à accomplir des tâches, quelle est la meilleure séquence de tâches à suivre en respectant ses contraintes spatio-temporelles? Comment cette séquence peut-elle être obtenue en tenant compte des préférences de l’exécutant, des commanditaires, du système lui-même ou d’une combinaison de ceux-ci? Nous nommons cette situation le Problème de la Recommandation de Trajectoire, auquel nous proposons une solution optimale, et étudions des heuristiques d’approximation pour le résoudreSpatial Crowdsourcing Platforms (SCP) are systems that allow people, called requesters, to publish spatial tasks in order to find suitable workforce to perform it. These spatial tasks require workers to be at a given location, usually within a given time window, to be accomplished. Some examples of SCPs are: Uber, BlaBlaCar and TaskRabbit. SCPs are source of much interest for academy, however several research opportunities remain.Doan et al. [2011] argued that the race is now on “toward building general crowdsourcing platforms that can be used to develop such systems quickly". Since then, little has been done to investigate the technical design of SCPs precisely. Also, there is a gap between what is done in commercial platform and in scientific literature. We propose GENIUS-C, a generic architecture for SPCs. We provide a reference implementation (RI) for GENIUS-C, that works as a framework for the development of SCPs. GENIUS-C and its RI are meant to fill the gap between the academic and industry world, and facilitate the understanding and the quick development of new SCPs.We also study the important problem of matching workers and tasks. How can we find one or more tasks suitable for a worker (and vice versa)? Some tackle this issue using recommender system techniques, others optimization approaches. Most of them do not take into account the spatiotemporal dimensions of tasks and workers. Others take it into account, but to ignore the preferences of either workers, requesters or the system itself. In this context, we identify and model the following common real-life problem: once a worker is willing to spend sometime accomplishing tasks, what is the best sequence of tasks to be followed respecting their spatiotemporal constraints? How can this sequence be obtained taking into account the preferences of the worker, the requesters, the system itself, or a combination of them? We name this situation the Trajectory Recommendation Problem (TRP), propose a feasible exact solution and study approximation heuristics for it
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al-Sirour, Mamdouh. "Changing geographic patterns of pastoralists' mobility : a study of the Bedu in north-east Jordan." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298910.
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Mann, Rachel Constant Vergara. "Mobilidade da força de trabalho: os impactos de intensos deslocamentos geográficos sob a ótica de trabalhadores docentes." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/9932.
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The work occupies a definite place in the lives of individuals, this rich sense of individual and social, is a means of producing life of each one to provide subsistence, existential senses create or contribute to the structuring of identity and subjectivity. The current status of adoption and use of Information and Communication Technologies by organizations and individuals, showed an increase of the incorporation of technological devices that have the potential to change the spatial and temporal characteristics of the work, increasing worker mobility. Considering the fact that the individual to move, while moving through space, remodeling or attach your personal identity, professional, cultural, social or political from the mobility, the ultimate goal of this research was to reflect on that how the positive and negative impacts generated by the intense geographic mobility demanded by the profession, teachers are perceived by workers of a post-graduation courses in Business Administration moving from one territory to another (s), in order to exercise their teaching activities. Was performed for both a literature review concerning the meaning of work, presenting the following are some reflections on the changes in labor relations as a result of mutations in the workplace, addressing, finally, the theme Mobility of the workforce. After this step, we sought to understand the perspective of teaching workers through personal interviews analyzed in the light of the method of content analysis, the paths taken by them and meanings attributed to these experiences, seeking to understand how teaching workers highlighted represent the look on himself and others, to show the significance (positive and negative) of spatial mobility, daily practices and strategies of socialization and interaction with, and at the destination. It can be concluded that, although there are some factors that can make the constant spatial displacement of these workers a negative element to them, since they are sources of high demand physical and mental, of stress, overload, emotional stress, fatigue, anxiety, discouragement, frustration and dissatisfaction with the work, leading them to the constant removal of the social context and may result in serious consequences for the health of the worker. These constant shifts geographical become, however, a positive element, since the increase to allow their teaching practices through the experiences enriched by contacts, by learning acquired and the skills acquired in multicultural relationships, becoming space for self-fulfillment, social inclusion and recognition, prestige, status and sense of usefulness.
O trabalho ocupa um inegável espaço na vida dos indivíduos, sendo este rico de sentido individual e social, é um meio de produção da vida de cada um ao prover subsistência, criar sentidos existenciais ou contribuir na estruturação da identidade e da subjetividade. O cenário atual de adoção e uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação pelas organizações e pessoas, demonstra um crescimento da incorporação de dispositivos tecnológicos que têm o potencial de alterar as características espaciais e temporais do trabalho, aumentando a mobilidade do trabalhador. Considerando-se o fato de que o indivíduo ao deslocar-se, ao mover-se pelo espaço, anexa ou remodela sua identidade pessoal, profissional, cultural, social ou política a partir da mobilidade, o objetivo final desta pesquisa foi refletir sobre de que maneira os impactos positivos e negativos gerados pela intensa mobilidade geográfica demandados pelo exercício da profissão, são percebidos por trabalhadores docentes de curso de pós-graduação lato sensu em Administração que se deslocam de um território para outro(s), com a finalidade de exercerem suas atividades docentes. Realizou-se para tanto uma revisão bibliográfica acerca de sentido do trabalho, apresentando, a seguir, algumas reflexões sobre as alterações ocorridas nas relações de trabalho em decorrência de mutações no mundo do trabalho, abordando, por fim, o tema Mobilidade da força de trabalho. Após esta etapa, buscou-se compreender, na ótica desses trabalhadores docentes, por meio de entrevistas pessoais analisadas à luz do método de análise de conteúdo, os caminhos percorridos e significados atribuídos por eles a estas vivências, procurando perceber como os trabalhadores docentes em destaque representam o olhar sobre si e sobre os outros, visando demonstrar o significado (positivo e negativo) da mobilidade espacial, as práticas cotidianas e estratégias de sociabilidade e interação com e no local de destino. Pode-se concluir que, apesar de haver alguns fatores que podem tornar os constantes deslocamentos geográficos destes trabalhadores um elemento negativo para eles, uma vez que são fontes de alta demanda física e mental, geradoras de estresse, sobrecarga, tensão emocional, cansaço, ansiedade, desânimo, frustração e descontentamento em relação ao trabalho, levando-os ao afastamento constante do contexto social, podendo resultar em consequências graves para a saúde deste trabalhador. Estes constantes deslocamentos geográficos tornam-se, contudo, um elemento positivo, uma vez que possibilitam o incremento às suas práticas docentes, por meio das vivências enriquecidas pelos contactos estabelecidos, pelas aprendizagens realizadas e pelas capacidades de relacionamento em meios multiculturais adquiridas, tornando-se espaço de autorrealização, inserção e reconhecimento social, prestígio, status e de senso de utilidade.
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Lee, Jinhyung. "Building Ladders of Opportunity: Understanding the Impacts of New Mobility Services on Space-time Accessibility." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1589496154927058.
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Liu, Qingsong. "The Role of Mobility in the Socio-spatial Segregation Assessment with Social Media Data." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1618913543377221.
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Moody, Kimberly S. "Tramps, trade union travellers, and wandering workers : how geographic mobility undermined organized labour in Gilded Age America." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31007/.
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This thesis will argue that high levels of internal migration in Gilded Age America undermined the stability and growth of trade unions and labour-based parties. Most of the traditional ‘American Exceptionalist’ arguments which asserted a lack of class consciousness will be challenged. Significant weight will be given to the racial, ethnic, and gender divisions within the American working class as a source of relative organizational weakness. As archival sources reveal, however, despite their divisions, workers of all ethnic and racial groups drawn into wage-labour in the Gilded Age often displayed high levels of class consciousness and political radicalism through their actions, organizations, and hundreds of weekly labour papers. They also showed an awareness of the problems of frequent migration or ‘tramping’ in building stable organizations. Driven by the tumultuous conditions of uneven industrialization, millions of people migrated from state-to-state, country-to-city, and city-to-city at rates far higher than in Europe. A detailed analysis of the statistics on migration, work-related travelling, and union membership trends shows that this created a high level of membership turnover in the major organizations of the day—the American Federation of Labour and the Knights of Labour. Confronted in the 1880s with the highest level of migration in the period, the Knights of Labour saw rapid growth turn into continuous decline. The more stable craft unions also saw significant membership loss to migration through an ineffective travelling card system. The organizational weakness that resulted undermined efforts by American workers to build independent labour-based parties in the 1880s and 1890s. ‘Pure-and-simple’ unionism would triumph by the end of the century despite the existence of a significant socialist minority in organized labour.
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Nawaz, Shamaila. "Sex and the city : gender gaps in labor markets and economic geography." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1074.
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Cette thèse explore la dimension géographique des disparités entre les sexes dans le marché du travail. Les questions étudiées incluent la variation de la prime salariale urbaine entre les sexes (chapitre deux), l'exploration des différents mécanismes derrière les effets importants de la localisation géographique sur les gains du marché du travail des femmes (chapitre trois), et de l'écart entre les sexes sur les rendements d'expérience urbains (chapitre quatre). Le deuxième chapitre entreprend une analyse transversale à l'aide de données françaises pour estimer la prime salariale urbaine et sa variation entre les sexes. Les résultats confirment l'existence d'une prime salariale urbaine nettement supérieure pour les femmes. Un doublement de la densité de l'emploi dans une zone donnée entraîne une réduction de 2,4 pourcent de l'écart salarial entre les sexes, une valeur qui augmente de 4 pourcent lorsqu'on exclut la catégorie professionnelle des ouvriers. Contrairement au reste des professions, l'effet de la densité favorise les hommes dans la catégorie des ouvriers. Le troisième chapitre cherche à trouver les mécanismes à l'origine de l'effet importante de la localisation géographique sur les gains du marché du travail pour les femmes en employant l'approche par l'estimateur « within ». Les résultats suggèrent que la moitié de la prime salariale urbaine est attribuée sur la base d'un tri des travailleurs selon le type de compétences à travers des différentes zones. Cependant, en complément du tri de compétences, d'autres hétérogénéités individuelles contribuent également à l'excès de la prime salariale urbaine pour les femmesThis dissertation explores the geographical dimension of the gender gaps in the labor market. The investigated issues include the variation of urban wage premium across genders (chapter two), exploration of different mechanisms behind stronger location effects for females' labor market gains (chapter three), and the gender gap in the urban returns to experience (chapter four). The second chapter undertakes a cross-sectional analysis by using French data to estimate the urban wage premium and its variation across genders. The findings confirm the existence of an urban wage premium that is significantly higher for women. A twofold increase in employment density of an area results in a 2.4 percent reduction in the gender wage gap, which increases to 4 percent when we exclude manual workers occupational category. Contrary to the rest of the occupations, the density effect favors men in the manual workers category. The third chapter seeks to find the mechanisms behind the stronger location effects on labor market gains for women by employing the within estimate approach. Results suggest that half of the urban wage premium is contributed by the sorting of workers according to skill type across different areas. However, in addition to skill sorting other individual heterogeneities also contribute to the excess urban wage premium for females. Firm level agglomeration effects attribute a minor part to the excess urban wage premium for females. The left over premium is a result of pure urban effects (lower discrimination, better matching, urban amenities)
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Tommasi, Greta. "Vivre (dans) des campagnes plurielles : Mobilités et territoires dans les espaces ruraux. : L'exemple de la Sierra de Albarracín et du Limousin." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0026/document.
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Depuis la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle, un renouveau des fonctions et des représentations s'impose dans les campagnes européennes. Malgré la pluralité des dynamiques territoriales, elles sont devenues des espaces attractifs et accueillent de nouvelles populations aux profils hétérogènes. Ces installations s'insèrent dans un contexte sociétal de mobilité et peuvent être motivées par la recherche d'aménités environnementales, mais aussi suivre des logiques économiques. Elles recomposent les espaces ruraux et introduisent de nouveaux modes de vivre les campagnes. Par la comparaison de deux territoires ruraux, l'un en Limousin, à proximité de la Montagne limousine, l'autre dans le sud de l'Aragon, dans la Sierra de Albarracín, ce travail analyse les rapports spatiaux qui se développent dans des espaces ruraux investis par des flux migratoires. L'accent est mis sur les modalités de cohabitation et les relations au territoire qui structurent un espace partagé par des groupes sociaux qui l'habitent, le pratiquent, y tissent des liens de manière différente, laissant apparaître des clivages. Cette hétérogénéité ressort par l'analyse des mobilités spatiales, qui influencent les représentations territoriales et est source de nouvelles formes d'inégalités. Dans un contexte où la mobilité redéfinit les relations aux territoires, les ancrages deviennent réversibles, mais de nouvelles formes d'investissement apparaissent et permettent de construire et légitimer l'« être d'ici ». Ces évolutions représentent un enjeu croissant pour les territoires ruraux et pour les politiques d'accueil, qui font face à de nouvelles formes d'inégalités et de stratification socialeSince the second half of the 20th C. rural zones in European countries have undergone a revival insofar as concerns their function and designation. Despite the diversity of their territorial dynamics these rural areas have attracted new populations of a very mixed profile. These newcomers insert themselves into a socially mobile context, the motivation for which can be the pursuit of environmental amenities but can also follow an economic logic. They reconstruct these rural areas and introduce a new way of life into the countryside. Comparing two rural territories, the one in the Limousin region next to the Limousin Mountains, and the other in southern Aragon, in the Sierra de Albarracín, this work analyses the spatial relationships which develop in rural areas having experienced migratory influx. The accent is placed on the means of cohabitating and relating to the territory which creates a space shared by the different social groups which inhabit it, live it, and weave attachments to it in different ways, opening the way for breaches to appear. This heterogeneity comes to light through the analysis of spatial mobility which affects the territorial designation and becomes a source of new forms of inequality. In the context where mobility redefines the relationship with the territory, foundations become reversible with new forms of commitments appearing, permitting the reconstruction and legitimization of who can say “I belong here”. These developments create new stakes for the rural territories and their politics concerning newcomers, faced with new forms of inequalities and social stratification
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Kim, Hyeyoung. "The Role of Pastoralist Mobility in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Transmission in The Far North Region of Cameroon." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1469174270.
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Vigouroux, Mathias. "La transmission et l’assimilation des savoirs médicaux liés à la pratique de l’acuponcture et de la moxibustion au Japon (via la Chine et la Corée) et en Europe à l’époque pré-moderne (XVIe siècle - XIXe siècle)." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30088.
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À partir de la fin du XVIe siècle, l’acuponcture connut un renouveau au Japon sous l’impulsion de Manase Dôsan (1507-1594) et la mise en place de nouvelles écoles d’acuponcture qui commencèrent à se détacher de la tradition chinoise. Ils représentaient deux tendances qui n’étaient pas nécessairement antinomiques — à savoir d’un côté, une fidélité aux savoirs chinois, et de l’autre côté, l’apparition de nouvelles techniques et théories indigènes — et qui se retrouvèrent tout au long de la période d’Edo (1603-1858). Le développement de l’imprimerie et les stratégies de vulgarisation et de diffusion du savoir médical sino-japonais adoptées par de nombreux médecins lettrés à cette époque favorisèrent par ailleurs la circulation des connaissances. Ainsi, aux traités de médecine importés de Chine ou de Corée, s’ajoutaient leurs rééditions japonaises commentées ou non, les traités de médecine sino-japonaise écrits en chinois classique (avec ou sans signes de lecture) ou en langue vernaculaire et les traités de vulgarisation. Ces livres véhiculaient un savoir issu de différentes traditions, chinoise, coréenne, ou indigène, faisant du Japon pré-moderne un pays à la confluence des savoirs médicaux. Le XVIe et le XVIIe siècles correspondaient aussi à l’arrivée des puissances européennes et aux premières descriptions européennes de l’acuponcture et de la moxibustion, deux pratiques thérapeutiques qui continuèrent d’intéresser les médecins européens en poste à Dejima tout au long de l’époque d’Edo et plus généralement ceux en Europe qui avaient accès à leurs descriptions. Notre travail s’inscrit dans la problématique de la circulation des savoirs en Asie orientale et entre l’Asie orientale et l’Europe. Circulation des savoirs qu’il faut non seulement entendre au sens de transmission et de diffusion des savoirs et des savoir-faire, mais aussi en considérant l’impact de ces savoirs sur le pays récepteur. Nous analysons ainsi la nature des transformations qui se sont opérées au cours des processus de transmission, la manière dont les savoirs ont été compris et décrits par ceux qui ont pu les observer directement et la manière dont ils ont été assimilés par des individus d’un milieu différent de celui dans lequel ils ont été produits. La dynamique médicale de l’époque est restituée par une analyse combinée de la théorie et de la pratique clinique. Ce travail met notamment en lumière l’indissociabilité de la production des savoirs et de leur circulation en montrant comment une pratique se construit à partir des textes transmis. Notre approche méthodologique quantitative et qualitative des sources primaires laisse aussi apparaître le rôle limité de la mobilité humaine dans la transmission des savoirs liés à la pratique de l’acuponcture entre la Chine, la Corée et le Japon. Plus généralement, elle rend compte d’une transmission systématique de tout un système médical de la Chine vers le Japon et d’une transmission parcellaire de ce système du Japon vers l’Europe. L’analyse de la réception de la moxibustion et de l’acuponcture en France à la fin du XVIIIe siècle et au début du XIXe siècle révèle enfin l’importance des institutions médicales dans la soudaine popularité de ces thérapies et la manière dont les médecins français se les approprièrent en ne retenant que le terme (moxa et acuponcture) et le principe (combustion directe sur la peau et insertion d’une aiguille dans le corps)This dissertation investigates the circulation of acupuncture knowledge between China, Korea and Japan, and between East Asia and Europe in the early modern period (16th century–19th century). In the first part, I analyze the sixteenth and seventeenth century revival of acupuncture focusing on Manase Dôsan (1507-1594) and the emergence of new indigenous theories and techniques. Using the archives of the Nagasaki trade and the transcript of the conversations between Chinese, Korean and Japanese physicians, I also identify the Chinese and Korean acupuncture textbooks transmitted to Japan during the Edo period (1603-1868), their reception by Japanese physicians, and the role geographical mobility played in the transmission of theoretical and tacit medical knowledge. In the second part, I first review the transmission of acupuncture and moxibustion to early modern Europe, and then I analyze their reception in the late eighteenth early nineteenth century France, focusing on the reasons of their sudden vogue in French hospitals, the way French physicians investigated these two therapies, and the reasons of their failure to deeply integrate medical practices
本論文では日本の鍼灸医学を研究対象にして、古い伝統をもつ中国医学と近世に発達した日本の医学とを比較軸にしながら、江戸時代の社会、および同時期のフランスにおいて日本医学の知識と技術がどのように形成され、そして普及したかについて、論述している。つまり、当該時期の中国・日本、およびフランスの医学文献・非医学文献に基づき、社会的・政治的な背景に配慮しながら、日本の鍼灸が近世期に入って中国医学から独立した新しい技術と理論を形成した過程を整理・考察し、また日本国内および国外にその日本の医学知識が普及した過程をも検討した。第一部前半では、五世紀以来これまで中国の鍼灸医学が絶対的な尺度であったのに対して、十六世紀後半の安土・桃山時代に入ると、鍼灸の流派が急増し、内容的にも独創的な気運が見え始める。それらは、打針、管針、腹診などのような中国の鍼灸医学に見られない新技術や新理論をともなって登場した。そこで、日本鍼灸の中国からの独立の過程に関して、技術および理論の両面から具体例に基づいて、中国医学・医術の摂取と独自化について述べる。この独立がどの程度のものであったのか、技術のみの独立か、理論のみの独立か、あるいは両方の独立かを明らかにする。例えば、道三流や杉山流のように、理論面では中国鍼灸医学に基づきながら、臨床面では針より灸を頻繁に使う点に日本鍼灸の特徴が見られる流派があった。打鍼流のように、理論・技術ともに中国鍼灸医学を離れ、新しい針術と理論を形成した流派もあった。砭針のように、古代中国医術の名を借りてはいるが、実際の臨床では全く違った技術もあった。第一部後半では、中国や朝鮮からの医書の輸入とその日本における覆刻の問題を取り上げ、併せて長崎経由で来日した中国人や朝鮮人の医師に注目しながら、鎖国といわれる体制のなかで日本と通商を許された限られた国々との医学上の交流を考察する。広く知られているように、江戸幕府は貿易相手国を三国に限定し、日本人の国外渡航を禁じて、出入国を厳重に取り締まる鎖国政策をとっていたが、この閉鎖的な政策にもかかわらず、輸出された医書の量や日本に渡来した医師の数を見ると、医学的・文化的な交流はかなり盛んであったことがわかる。そのうち本研究では、中国からの輸入医書を通した医学知識の摂取と、朝鮮からの来日医師を通した直接的な医術の摂取を明らかにする。特に、朝鮮通信使の参府に際しては、信使一行と接触した日本人の中には医師も含まれ、朝鮮人医師との間に医事に関する質疑も交わされている。その時の筆談記録『医事問答』等を中心に、来日朝鮮人医師、およびその日本への影響に関して検討する。結論としては、江戸時代に輸入された医書は、覆刻によって全国的な規模で医学知識の普及と形成に影響を及ぼしたのに対して、来日医師たちは地域的な規模でしか影響を及ぼさなかった。第三部では、同時代のフランスにおける日本の鍼灸医学の受容過程について論じる。中国由来の東洋医学とは異なる歴史と体系を持つ西洋医学は、十六世紀にポルトガル人の渡来とともに日本に伝えられ、江戸時代には長崎に滞在したオランダ東インド会社の医師たちを通して導入された。そのオランダ人の医師の中では、テン・ライネ、エンゲルベルト・ケンペル、フォン・シーボルトが日本の医学、特に鍼灸医学について興味を持ち、日本人医師に教わった鍼灸医学の理論と技術をヨーロッパの医師たちに紹介した。五世紀における中国医学の伝来以来、日本は常に医学知識の受信国であったが、オランダの医師を媒介として日本が初めて医学知識の輸出国になった。しかしながら、西洋医学に見られない経絡・陰陽のようなヨーロッパ人には理解しがたい理論が多かったので、理論よりも日本独特の管針・打針などの技術が受け入れられた。特にヨーロッパの国々の中でもフランスの医師が日本の鍼灸医学について強い関心を示し、十九世紀初から十九世紀の半ばにかけては『鍼灸極秘伝』などの日本の針灸書がフランス語に翻訳されたり、パリの公的な病院でも鍼灸医学の研究が行なわれたり、日本の鍼灸医学は盛んであった。そこで、フランスで出版された鍼灸医学について書かれた医学書、および大学に提出された博士論文に見える日本鍼灸医学－その拒否感・肯定感・再評価について述べる。
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Girardin, Fabien. "Aspects of implicit and explicit human interactions with ubiquitous geographic information." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7561.
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El uso creciente de dispositivos móviles, infraestructuras inalámbricas e Internet está cambiando nuestra vida diaria, no solo la manera en que nos comunicamos o compartimos información, sino también cómo nos relacionamos con el entorno. A través de nuestras interacciones con estas tecnologías, accedemos y generamos una membrana de información que se cierne sobre los espacios donde vivimos y que visitamos. Sin embargo, esta capa de información solo modela de manera imperfecta la realidad debido a una digitalización tosca y a limitaciones tecnológicas, que hacen peligrar la interacción humana. Por otro lado, la presencia de esta información geográfica ubicua generada por los usuarios abre nuevas perspectivas para la comprensión de las actividades humanas en el espacio y el tiempo. Esta tesis acepta el reto de investigar estos aspectos de las interacciones humanas con la información geográfica ubicua. Con un enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo, discernimos las implicaciones de la integración de información geográfica ubicua y las resultantes estrategias de los usuarios para hacer frente a la incertidumbre espacial. Entonces, explotamos esta contribución para analizar enfoques novedosos con el objetivo de inferir actividades espacio-temporales de individuos y grupos respetando su privacidad. Demostramos la aplicabilidad de nuestras soluciones en los ámbitos de la investigación de mercados y el urbanismo.The increasing use of mobile devices, wireless infrastructures, and the Internet is changing our daily lives, not only in the way we communicate with each other or share information but also how we relate to the environment. Through our interactions with these technologies we access and generate an informational membrane, hovering over the spaces we live in and visit. However, this information layer only imperfectly models the reality due to coarse digitization and technological limitations, challenging the human interaction. On the other hand, the presence of this user-generated ubiquitous geographic information opens novel perspectives in understanding human activities over space and time. This thesis takes on the challenge of exploring these aspects of human interactions with ubiquitous geographic information. Through qualitative lenses, we discern the implications of the integration of ubiquitous geographic information and the resulting users strategies to cope with spatial uncertainty. Then, we exploit this contribution to explore novel approaches to infer individuals and groups time-space activities with respect to their privacy. We demonstrate the applicability of our solutions in the domains of market research and urbanism.
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Rencher, William C. "The Association between Mobility and HIV Risk: an Analysis of Ten High Prevalence ZIP Codes of Atlanta, Georgia." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/206.
Full textAbstract:
Studies from developing countries disagree on whether mobility is a risk factor or a protective factor for HIV risk. The difference is often determined by gender. Few studies exist, however, examining the relationship among high risk populations in developed nations. This study seeks to examine that relationship in 10 high risk ZIP codes of Atlanta, Georgia using data gathered from the Geography Project by Rothenberg and colleagues. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between HIV risk and five independent variables of mobility. Results were stratified by gender. After controlling for demographic and behavioral variables, use of public transportation by men was significantly protective of HIV risk. Significant associations were also observed with ever injection drug use and recent condom use, indicating that high risk behaviors may be the real driver of the epidemic in these neighborhoods.