Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Géographie économique et des transports'
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Strale, Mathieu. "La logistique: localisation des activités et impacts territoriaux." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209488.
Full textCette thèse cherche à identifier et comprendre la géographie de ce secteur pour ensuite en analyser les impacts territoriaux, au regard de la politique publique en Europe. Notre analyse est organisée en trois étapes.
En premier lieu, nous étudions les facteurs de localisation des activités logistiques, en particulier des éléments statiques, entrepôts, établissements industriels ou centres de distribution, à l’échelle de l’Europe du Nord-Ouest. Pour cela, nous construisons une base de données de la localisation des établissements logistiques.
Deuxièmement, nous analysons les politiques menées par les différents niveaux de pouvoirs européens en matière de logistique, afin de comprendre leur articulation et de mettre en évidence les courants généraux qui s’en dégagent. Dans ce cadre, nous mobilisons les situations wallonnes et bruxelloises pour concrétiser et approfondir notre étude.
Ceci permet, dans un troisième temps, d’étudier les impacts territoriaux des activités logistiques en Europe, en mettant en évidence le rôle des pouvoirs publics ainsi que celui des attentes et choix d’implantations du secteur et les rapports de force se nouant entre ces acteurs. Le matériel mobilisé est issu des textes politiques, de la littérature scientifique et d’études de cas issues d’Europe et de Bruxelles et Wallonie en particulier.
Nos résultats mettent en évidence la proximité existant entre le développement de l’activité logistique et l’évolution de l’économie européenne. C’est la flexibilisation et l’intégration européenne de l’économie qui sont à l’origine de l’essor d’un secteur logistique ayant une existence propre. En retour, cette activité participe à la poursuite et l’intensification de l’organisation économique actuelle, en facilitant les échanges de biens entre acteurs économiques.
Dès lors, la localisation des activités logistiques correspond à cette recherche de flexibilité, au niveau de la situation ou des modalités d’implantation. Ce sont les espaces intermédiaires, proches des centres et des axes et nœuds d’échanges qui sont privilégiés.
La prise en charge des enjeux territoriaux et les répercussions des décisions publiques en la matière témoignent de l’idéologie actuelle en matière d’économie et de développement territorial. L’essor de l’activité logistique a été permis et encouragé par la politique macroéconomique européenne. Dans ce cadre, la prise en charge de ses implications territoriales témoigne du privilège donné à la croissance, du secteur et de l’économie en général, selon les modalités politiques et économiques actuelles.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lacoste, Romuald. "Les opérateurs maritimes et portuaires européens dans la mutation de la chaine de transport de marchandises en vrac : essai de géographie économique." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT3029.
Full textSince ten years, a global change affects the bulk cargoes supply chain. The industries of raw materials evolve, and need more quality, worldwide transport capacity and globalized services. European Commission enforce sustainable development, maritime and port security' acts. Liberalization of energy and agricultural market modify the players game. The transport chain generates new spatial organisation schemes based on networking, hub ports, industrial and standardized relationships, control of cargoes flows. But in fact, this large trend appears like an homogeneisation of the bulk transportation system on general transportation model which already exits exist in containerized and general cargoes
Mirabel, François. "Energie, transports et externalités : comportements et politiques optimales de localisation et de déplacement dans l'espace urbain." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON10040.
Full textThe main object of this thesis is to bring to light the fondamental features of individual's rational behaviours in order to specify the equilibrium configuration of locations and movements in urban area. In such a case, the object is to compare this equilibrium configurations with socially optimal structures and to identify the externalities which explain the differences between the two types of configurations. In a normative approach, the final object is to precise the public policies that the government has to set in order to modify (or to influence) the location's and movement's homogeneous behaviours of individuals and finally, to restore the urban social optimum. From this point of view, the theoretical analysis of this thesis (which are conducted in spatial and temporal dynamic frameworks) are lead in the neoclassical paradigm of the "welfare economics". . . Our work is divided into two parts based on the distinction between location's questions and movement's questions
Makiela-Magambou, Gisèle. "La logistique portuaire au Gabon : contribution à une géographie des transports de la Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC)." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30023.
Full textGabon enjoys a 800 km long coastline with two major maritime ports : Owendo and Por-Gentil. These ports play a strategic role on the economy of the country handling nearly 90% of the trade exchanges. However, as many ports of the African continent, the main ports of Gabon do not ensure the transit of goods so efficiently as required. Political and structural reasons but also many kinds of failure imply goods flow to decrease, and put a significant burden on business. It makes Gabon less competitive in the CEMAC logistics market than other ports like Douala in Cameroun. Moreover, ports require not only adequate infrastructure and equipment, but also good communications and information technology systems, with competitive and skilled management teams with a motivated and trained workforce. The lack of connectivity between information systems of the main actors of the ports and between ports them selves, do not eliminate the need for long and tedious paperwork. Ports require shared information systems like extranet and structured data exchange systems to ensure the integrity, availability and liability of information. How to optimize transport logistics of commercial ports of Gabon whereas the political, social and economic situation of the country is not favourable ? How to enourage and develop incentives for interconnected network information systems, for new groupware based working practices between economic actors of the ports ? How to increase the fluidity of communications ? This research work is based both on conceptual developments and numerous examples extracted from working practises in the ports of Gabon and of the CEMAC area. We hope to contribute to the improvement of the information management process of the maritime portuary community
Varlet, Jean. "Géographie des relations ferroviaires en France." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF20009.
Full textStating that the railway connections in france are in many places of mediocre or bad quality and that those who use the railway system have only rarely drawn the interest of geographers, the author consacrates his work to the study of what rail transportation has to offer and the accessibility of the places where it exists. A tool is created to evaluate the spatial functioning in occurence with the network of passenger service in the french railway system. Used as a method of treating the data (14. 000 data gathered), the graphs (matricial and cartographic) show its strength and effectiveness in geographical research. The association of eleven criteria relative to the commodities of rail transportation (established from the official indicators of the sncf (national society of french railroads) allows to distinguish light degrees concerning the quality of relations. The notion of space in railway connections is thus defined. By using the mean of analyses and successive syntheses, a geography of railway connections in france is elaborated. A model of the organization of space in the french railway system is constructed. The analysis of interregional communications both centrifugal and centripetal put in evidence the different degrees of connection of various places, the degree of quality of the axes and railway crossroads functioning in three levels (proximity interregional, transnational). Among the accounted factors, fedicient railway connections appear to be fundamental. The apparition of the tgv (high-speed train) (in the south-east, atlantic coast, and across europe) and its effects on the structuration of space are treased. These elements constitute the basis of an interregional schema of railway transportation, the main features of which are sketched out in view of improving the functioning of the railway network
Riou, Stéphane. "Les politiques régionales européennes entre cohésion, élargissement et croissance : une analyse d'économie géographique." Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STETT082.
Full textThe convergence process of some european cohesion contries seems to hide more regional inequalities within each of them (Spain and Portugal). Their groxth rate would benefit from more agglomeration of economic activities. Such fact illustrates a possible dilemma between cohesion and national growth. Then, two questions may be put. First, what are the economic mechanisms at the origin of such dilemma ? Is public support able to make disppear this dilemma, seeking both less regional inequalities and more macroeconomic efficiency ? This, thesis shows that the recent literature using both economic geography and endogenous growth frameworks gives some interesting theoretical answers to these questions. Precisely, this literature shows how less concentrated technological interactions may be important to promote more balanced regional development. This conclusion should be more taken into account in the public policy choices
Commenges, Hadrien. "L'invention de la mobilité quotidienne. Aspects performatifs des instruments de la socio-économie des transports." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923682.
Full textBruand, Olivier. "Voyageurs et marchandises : les réseaux de communication entre Loire et Meuse aux VIIIe et IXe siècles." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010504.
Full textThe purpose of that study is to show the regional and local economic organization of that part of the carolingian empire ; it has been achieved through the careful analysis of the most various sources : the scriptural, monetary and archeological ones. The result is the setting off of two distinct and complenentary networks : the first one shows the importance of the local economic life with a population of country people who hardly move, the other one is destined to the exchanges of secular and ecclesiastical aristocrats who sell and buy salt, wine and material. Then, four main routes appear : an axis Burgundy-Flanders, a busy river traffic along the seine and the loire and, at last, an important circulation on the coasts of the firth or the loire towards the north sea
Mercier, Aurélie. "Accessibilité et évaluation des politiques de transport en milieu urbain : le cas du tramway strasbourgeois." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354832.
Full textSur un plan théorique, la thèse vise ainsi à démontrer la cohérence de ce type d'indicateur avec le calcul traditionnel de surplus pour l'intégrer dans une analyse coûts-avantages en complément des gains de temps, habituellement utilisés. Sur un plan empirique, la thèse permet d'évaluer, sur l'aire d'étude de Strasbourg, l'impact de la mise en place d'une politique de transport favorable aux transports en commun sur le niveau d'accessibilité des automobilistes et usagers des transports en commun. Elle repose ainsi sur une modélisation associant un SIG et un modèle à quatre étapes.
Outre une méthodologie standard pouvant être appliquée à d'autres agglomérations, la thèse fournit des résultats intéressants tant en termes d'évaluation de politiques urbaine et de transport que de prospective. La voiture particulière reste, malgré l'amélioration du réseau de transports en commun, le mode le plus performant à l'échelle du territoire. Les transports en commun sont, quant à eux plus performants pour accéder au centre-ville même si les ambitions de réduction des inégalités territoriales ne sont que partiellement atteintes. Des scénarii prospectifs mis en place pour réduire le différentiel d'accessibilité entre ces deux modes (introduction d'un péage urbain ou d'une taxe automobile, limitation des vitesses sur voies rapides et amélioration des fréquences des bus et tramways), l'amélioration des temps de parcours en transports en commun présente les meilleurs résultats.
Saghri, Farhad. "Développement économique et coordination des transports en Iran." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX23004.
Full textThe author has attempted to deal with the question of how to coordinate transportation and the needs of iranian economic development. The study is in three sections : in a first part, the impact of the natural environment on infrastructure, the population itself, and all available economic ressources are examined together with the influence of these on the creation of transport networks and on the localization of the population, in a word, potential demand. In the second part, transport networks, administrative problems and the intermodal distribution of traffic are analyzed ; in other words : transport supply. The third part concerns transport coordination and policy, and objectives. This study thus aims, in the perspective of the general economic and social development policies of iran : on the one hand - at hecking regional disequilibriom ; on the other, at seeking new re- sources while maintaining the fundamental balance of supply and demand. Finally, his remarks will be supported by the various analyses and economic concepts that deal with transportation problems and their implications using the theories of cost localization and tariffs in order to better define the reality of the country
Tarchouni, Mohamed Hédi. "Polarisation spatio-économique et ressources naturelles : réconcilier la géographie économique et le développement durable." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21027.
Full textThe started of the globalization and the appearance of the economic, financial and political interdependences between the various regions of the world lets think that needs in natural resources is past. We attend, indeed, the increase of the exchanges concerning the services and the technological and intellectual resources. Empirically, a new world map is outlined where the centres of the world economy concentrate the activities, the populations and the mutual exchanges and where the streams of the globalization cross the oceans without any limitation. The principles of the sustainable development are far from being applicable. To reconcile the new economic geography with the requirements of the sustainable development is the object of this research. However the objective of this research is to show that the consumption of natural resources, in long-sustainable conditions, is an economic growth factor, even of development over long period. It is important thus to protect the reserves of not renewable resources and at the same time to multiply the efforts of technological research. Finally, to demonstrate the relative importance of natural resources, several methods are used (regression, reduction of variables, indicators of polarization, analyzes of correspondence) to validate a relation between a representative sample of resources-keys and several dependent variables reflecting the welfare
Suire, Raphaël. "Réseaux sociaux et géographie économique : agglomération, information et trajectoire de développement." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10004.
Full textThis work enlighten regional leader about the possibility to put the "territoire en mouvement" when these one are collectively subject to self-organization forces. We use an analytical framework based on social networks dynamic and individual situated rationality. We draw two main conclusions. Optimal spatial matching is a crucial function of the composition of social networks (diversity). A social position at the interface of the information sources (a social frontier) gives the attribute od a critical agent. This one can stimulate collective spatial dynamic. These results lay the foundations of a new leverage for regional leader. Since, the position of a territory inside rank-size hierarchy determines its attractivity, i. E. An ex ante diffusion od site's characteristics, dynamic location rely on social networks especially as territory is peripherical. Finally, we formulate recommandations for a situates regional politic based on a mix of financial as well as informational incentives
Duthion, Brice. "Quand les transports urbains seront "durables". . . : géographie et territoires d'un service public." Cergy-Pontoise, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CERG0170.
Full textThe city is the place of all the exchanges. City upsets the traditional geographic borders, by the extension and distortion of the urbanized spaces, the economic borders, by the localization of the activities mostly in specialized areas, the political borders, by connections between cities centres and their suburbs. The town is planned and codified. It is the remarkable "fact" of the last century, so much by the migratory phenomena which it engendered that by the new problems raised. Local public transports concern all the actors of a territory: users and non-users, companies and industrial groups, elected local and national, representatives of the State. The territorial meshes define spatial and social partitions in specific subsets. Discontinuities even effects barriers appear in their internal streams to the various scales. The territories of local public transports are thus multiple, "central" and "peripheral" territories. French and American examples will illustrate them
Ondo-Ella, Jean. "L'économie des transports et le développement du Gabon." Nancy 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN20007.
Full textGabon, a country with enormous mining, forester and agricultural potentialities, has endowed itself with an excessive transport system. Today, it is incoherent and irrelevant; it weakens the economy, prevents the state from financing the agricultural and manufacturing production and hinders consequently, the development of the country. This transport system needs consequently a new restructuration appropriate to the needs of the development of the country. This adaptation implies a coherence of aims between the transport system and the system of socioeconomical activities ; it advocates a minimalisation of the transport costs by planning the transport networks and by the combination between the economies of scope and scale ; it enables at last a better financing of the agricultural and manufacturing activities thanks to the organization of the transport system for the budgetary balance and thanks to the selective and progressive denationalization of the transport national companies
Mendonça, Bastos Marta Maria de. "Croissance économique et crise des transports urbains au Brésil : une analyse socio-économique : le cas des transports publics dans l'agglomération urbaine de Fortaleza." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX24010.
Full textMacro economics and political analysis of the crises in public services in third world and brazil the study of public transports services in urban areas. Hypothesis : crises in essentials public services are issued from the excluding model of development by industrialisation and lacic of public politics. The consequences of those phenomena are : intense migrations, urban explosion, low level of public services, specially : health education and transports. Also the exclusion of the majority of the thirs world and Brazilian societies of the fruits of this industrial growth
Nassa, Dabié Désiré Axel. "Commerce transfrontalier et structuration de l'espace au Nord de la Côte d'Ivoire." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00009056.
Full textCharafeddine, Wafa. "La banlieue sud de Beyrouth : structure urbaine et économique." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040353.
Full textThe civil war of 1975 in Lebanon and the formation of a demarcation line dividing the greater Beirut urban space have caused important urban changes and have set specific rules of development in each of the two parts of greater Beirut. In the southern suburb, the subject of the study, these urban changes and demographic redistributions appear through three characteristics problems: 1- lack of appropriate urban structures and the severe urban administration problems due to the absence of the local authorities and the arbitrary intervention of the government. 2- the illegal construction which has largely increased due to the war. 3- the establishment of a large number of informal activities. Thus, our study about the southern suburb shall handle both the urban and economical structures
Terrassier, Nicolas. "Stratégie de maritimisation des économies : illustration par l'analyse comparée du développement du transport maritime de lignes régulières en Asie et en Afrique." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010080.
Full textRegular shipping lines transport is the corner stone of the industrial development policies of nations. The new asian maritime nations have weel understood the stakes in this sector for the industrial "take-off' of their economy. Through a comprehensive understanding of the principles of this industry, perceptive asian shipowners have defined shipping policies fitted to the constraints and advantages of their economy and choosen appropriate strategies for the development of shipping companies. Some asian states have been able to implement a "maritime-integration" policy of their whole economy. These countries first favored the promotion of exports and the control of freight by shippers, then opened their economy to the sea through policies of port and coastal industrialization. Finally they adopted consistent industrial policies at macroeconomic level to develop the shipping companies and the related industries such as ports, multimodal transport and shipyards. This macro-economic policy is based on a gradual approach, never dogmatic, but carefully worked out by shipowners who have a perfect knowledge of maritime transport. Conversely, african countries, which were emerging as shipping nations during the 70s, have witnessed the downfall of their shipping companies. In addition to the lack of advantages at the regional and industrial levels, the decline of shipping fleets has been accelerated by irrational and inconsistent decisions, taken without any analysis of the economic environment, and without abiding by the laws and principles of functioning of maritime transport
Lebel, Julien. "Le contrôle de la connectivité aérienne, un outil de puissance sur la scène internationale : les stratégies de développement d’Emirates Airline, Etihad Airways, Qatar Airways et Turkish Airlines." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080021/document.
Full textThe growth of strong airlines benefiting from a large support of political stakeholders who have (re)launched their activities is leading to important challenges for the international air transport sector. Numerous political entities perceive aviation as an essential tool to promote their interests and to gain more international recognition. The cases of the emirates of Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Qatar, but also Turkey are fully showing how political stakeholders use the development of a locally based airline according to their own goals. The large growth of Emirates Airline, Etihad Airways, Qatar Airways and Turkish Airlines is disrupting the air connectivity evolution at a worldwide scale, while numerous aviation stakeholders do not reach to agree on an international framework aiming to safeguard a “fair competition” between air carriers, in a context of differing interests. Thus, the control of air connectivity forms a soft power instrument strengthening the position of stakeholders who are using it while creating in the meantime growing (inter)dependence links. Political authorities adopt however differentiated approaches in order to expand their soft power, whereas the European Union is, for now, staying away of such a dynamic
Huang, Hui. "Un paysage culturel dynamique : géographie historique et économique des musées parisiens." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010627/document.
Full textParis has an exceptional cultural landscape, in which museums play an important role. This PhD thesis insists that this landscape has never ceased to change and is still changing. As for the museums themselves, far from being institutions opposed to change and to a modern economy, we have shown that they participate in the productive economy, specifically in the symbolic production, and that they manage to adapt to the public demand, to adjust their statutes, to rethink their links with other institutions and so on. Finally, we claim that museum activities are characterized by their similarities with other forms of symbolic consumption, and their spatial proximity with the areas of symbolic consumption
Da, Silva Eneida A. Paulino. "La sidérurgie brésilienne : développement, action de l'Etat et principaux aspects de son organisation." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010609.
Full textVicente, Jérôme. "Interactions économiques et coexistence spatiale des modes de coordination." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10079.
Full textKoenig-Soubeyran, Pamina. "Commerce international et géographie intranationale : théorie et applications empiriques sur données de firmes." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010036.
Full textSouley, Halimatou. "Déréglementation du transport routier de marchandises au Niger et intégration sous-regionale." Paris 12, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA123007.
Full textJiang, Fei. "Choix modal et système logistique en transport de marchandises : Modélisation, analyse économique et prévision du comportement du chargeur." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPC9807.
Full textTsinga, Eric Jacob. "Structure et réseaux du commerce national et international du Gabon : une géographie économique et commerciale." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30015.
Full textGabonese trade, still fledgling between the XV th and the middle of the XIX th century, took off when the country got its independence, and was spurred on by the authorities which very early made of this activity a pivotal element in the development of Gabon. In this perspective, sales of lumbering and maning products (oil, uranium and manganèse) successively developped, which enable the country to prosper. As a result, extensive development programmes were achieved (such as railing, port and road infrastructures), the urban net- work expanded, and the trade of local products and imported manufactured goods extended the home market, which brought about undeniable economic and social repercussions. However, since 1986, the economic growth of Gabon has been jeopandized by an economic and financial crisis has foced the authorities, which the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, to contemplate a policy of structural adjustment, the devaluation of AFC and the new development strategy based on an economic diversification
Denant-Boemont, Laurent. "Les valeurs de la flexibilite dans le calcul economique public. Investissement et choix de systemes techniques en transport collectif urbain." Lyon 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO22001.
Full textCost-benefit analysis, as decision-making aid model, is rejected by partners in public transit choices. Mainly, this failure is due to the manner that decision theory is considering risk, which is wieved as exogeneous and static. The fact is that decision-makers, in the context of public transit choice, are facing numerous uncertainties (financial, technical and methodological one). Thus, public decision-maker is dealing with decision-making crisis, given the difficulty he has to assess impacts and stakes of investments, because of these hazards. One solution lies in the search in flexible choices, wich are avoiding too much restriction for possible decision-making in the future. Public cost-benefit analysis can be renewed by integrating these specific risks and new behaviours: the question deals with its ability to consider learning processes in decision-making. First, this re-building implies to evaluate the possible ways to measure flexibilities of choices. Especially, dynamic irreversibility is wieved as a new external effect, an intertemporal and intra-individual one. Its measure is sequential option value, ie the relative information value of choice. Second, this rebuilding implies to give a new description for public decision-making rationality. This new assumption is resolute behaviour. Public cost-benefit analysis becomes a semantic tool for collective choices, and enables an efficient negociation beetween partners in decision-making
Freia, Alice Binda. "La construction de la géographie scolaire au Mozambique et le statut des figures." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070055.
Full textAfter by the Mozambique's independence the «geography« subject taught in school became in the context «post colonial geography», and bas fixed as main targets two priorities: the build up of the national unit and the country's development. In order to attain those finalities -said revolutionary- they went, as a paradox, looking for references of the subject, in the «metropolitan geography» as follows: separating the world in parts; territories always related to the country (nation); the space often studied through a plan articulated throughout the natural resources theme, and the presentation of the parts of the world, having as starting point the spaces of origin we belong to. On the other hand the school geography has been organized with a dichotomy between «physic geography» and «economic geography», actually it remaining up to date. This type of reading of the world (through geographical demonstration) has been imprinted on the school subject justifying the remaining of certain figures as the Climate graphic and the Age pyramid. Those two graphics are real sources of difficulty as much for the student as for the teachers at once
Cattan, Nadine. "La mise en réseau des grandes villes européennes." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010518.
Full textThe largest cities are privileged points for network setting and for spatial integration. They had the advantage of a faster qualitatif development and thus improved their position in their national urban system, developed their capacity and extended their role to the european scale. Their geographical situation is modified. Before analysing the dynamics which structure nowadays the european space, we define and delimitate, in a first step, homogeneous european urban units. We caracterize, in a second step, the relative situations of the European large cities in the economic and demographic structure of the network they constitute. We study finally the interurban relations, air and rail relations, which represent a sensitive indicator of change, of hierarchical resetting and of the dynamics which take place at this scale
Hamiche, M'Hamed. "Chemin de fer, aménagement de l'espace et développement économique au Maroc." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR1501.
Full textMadariaga, Nicole. "Intégration régionale, localisation industrielle et convergence régionale." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010045.
Full textDuchemin, Pascale. "Modèles dynamiques et prévisions de la demande de transport aérien." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10060.
Full textIn this thesis, we analyse the demand for airline traffic in order to obtain forecasting middle-term models of French domestic and international traffic. One interesting feature of these models is in their ability to be interpreted in terms of structural economic behavior. The first chapter exposes and characterizes air demand and supply. The different factors influencing demand are defined in chapter 2. The aggregated models used to analyze air transportation demand of AR-type log-linear non-stationary dynamic models conditional to a set of exogenous variables (see chapter 3). Estimation results allow us to identify the main determinants of transportation demand (see chapter 4). The relevance of the results is tested for the year 2002, which are found very close to the observed data (see chapter 5). Finally the last chapter focuses on the consequences of 09-11-2001 terrorist attacks on both French domestic and international traffic
Nocquet, Marie-Stéphanie. "Du projet ferroviaire à la politique de transport dans les espaces périurbains français : le cas des agglomérations de Nantes, Orléans et Tours." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR1501.
Full textAutant-Bernard, Corinne. "Géographie de l'innovation et externalités locales de connaissance : une étude sur données françaises." Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STETT059.
Full textAdamiak-Forte, Adrien. "Infrastructures et Territoires : une contribution à la modélisation des interactions entre transports et télécommunications en Economie géographique." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665934.
Full textLapa, Tomás de Albuquerque. "Une expérience de planification intégrée : le cas du 2ème pôle métropolitain et du "métro" de Recife - Brésil." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010614.
Full textThis thesis analyses the relatioship between transportation policies and the urban and regional planning process. The exemplefied case, the construction of the metropolitan train of recife and the 2d metropolitan pole of Recife, explains the particularities of both fields of planning, emphasizing obstacles to their integration. The thesis shows contradictions and points of articulation between both objects through the analysis of the role of main actors responsable for their production
Chabchoub, Najoua. "Externalités, complémentarités et concurrence dans les réseaux : application aux secteurs des télécommunications et du transport aérien." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010015.
Full textGamon, Philippe. "Région et transport collectif." Lyon 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO22015.
Full textThe domestic transport directing act (loi d'orientation des transports interieurs) of december 1982, gave the regional council the responsability of public transport organisation. In fact, the first regional initiatives started up from the begining of the 70's, as a response to the road and rail transport services degradation, because of rural areas depopulating tendancy and increasing motorisation. All the legal and financial running way in which regional agents could act, show perfectly well what kind of solution is going on by the government to solve problem of making up omnibus deficits : incitement for local authorities to close transport lines, or on the contrary to improve the public service organisation. Regional policies are very differents. Very often their conception and implementing are feeble, but sometimes noterworthy : Midi Pyrenees, Nord Pas de Calais, Pays de Loire, Provence Alpes Cote d'Azur, Limousin. . . Resons for explaning these various situations are also contrasted. One can say meanwhile, that broadly, regional councils with socialist political majority have been the most ambitious. All things considered, the regional scale of mediation offers a particular stake in the implement of the "transport right" and in the contribution of public transport to a real regional policy. It remains problems which are not negligibles : on one side there is a "modal quarter" of the industry expenses and operating conditions are different between road and rail. .
Tromenschlager-Philippe, Florane. "Progrès techniques et substitutions énergétiques dans le secteur des transports." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOE004.
Full textFuel cell vehicles could contribute, first, to a less stringent long-term energy dependence of oil importing countries and, second, to pollutant reduction in the transport sector. First of all, we propose the treatment of "innovation" in the frame of mainstream economic theories. Then we proceed to an analysis of diesel motorization of the car market. In the second part, we conduct a survey among French households aiming to obtain up-to-date information about their degree of acceptance of fuel cell technology. We are concerned about highlighting the determining factors of fuel cell vehicle adoption by consumers. For this, we set up a discrete choice model linking the individual decision to the whole group of characteristics. Finally, we develop patterns of fuel cell equipment of passenger cars which differ according to the analysis of long-term fuel cell vehicle development on the French car market
Lauriot, Norbert. "L'adaptation géographique et technique des chemins de fer urbain : réseaux de métropolitain." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010643.
Full textUrban railway networks are bound to outland on the very long term. Therefore it is necessary to conceive them so that they can still provide an efficient service despite of the unavoidable alterations of the urban framework upon which they have been nettled. After having studied of the evolution of paris railway network, from the historically first listed project untill 1996 and shortly analysised the current world situation through three questions : 1) why does a urban aera make the choice of fitting with a subway (or mass transit) ? 2) what are exact bearing of the term subway (or mass transit) ? 3) how have this mode of transport overspread ? One statiscally analyses the lay out of the networks concerning this mode of conveyance (througout the world existent, under construction or in project) to specify the main policies that were used since 1862 (date of the first metropolitan railway operating), and so of to make their main advantages and drawbacks emerge
Ibouanga, Brice. "Les interfaces maritimes du Gabon : essai d'une géographie portuaire et commerciale." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30030.
Full textAs an exporting country of raw material among which petroleum wood manganese and uranium ), gabon has nothing but the sea way to sell outside its outputs having efficient port facilities at one's disposal is there fore something essential. That is why the gabonese state has undertacken a number of projects in order to make the equipements of its major maritime outlets - which are libreville and port-gentil - meet its commercial needs. Throughout those port equipements, the state has intended to carry out a real economic development policy in the country following this triple objective: opening the country to the outside word, promoting its industrial progress, and contributing to town and country planning. After a working which has been lasting for more than twenty years one can wonder whether the different facilities in the harbours of libreville and port-gentil are sufficient to endow the country with an excellent maritime service or other plannings should be conceived for a balanced development. Do the existing infrastructures meet the maritime wants of the country? as owing to data concerning the gabones coast as well as those related to nature, people and all endeavours in favour of a national intergration, what could be the future of gabonese ports? those are some of the questions to which our survey tries to give answers
Maugeri, Salvatore. "Transport routier de marchandise et EDI : des rationalisations productives à la polarisation économique : enquêtes sur les ambivalences du "post-fordisme"." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100007.
Full textFor a decade now research has reported a trend towards a recomposition of industrial economics around what is known as "post-Fordism". Within the framework of this restructuring where japan is still looked upon as a figure of reference, such notions as variety, flexibility, quality or just-in-time federate most contributions. Another notion referred to as "reticularity" is more and more frequently associated with those. Unlike the former, the latter notion has not been subjected to systematic investigations yet in spite of the growing importance network-like patterns has gained in current economics. Our work has consisted in an attempt to fill this gap through two complementary processes. The first part, of a mostly theoretical and critical nature, is meant to bring out the heuristic value of "reticularity". Being directly relevant to societal functioning, the reticular paradigm seems to remedy the shortcomings inherent in the standard approaches of sociology, more particularly French "entreprise sociology" widely analyzed through the following chapters. The second part is designed as an empirical illustration of theses defended beforehand and falls into two wide-ranging monographs one of which deals with road freight haulage whereas the other delves into electronic data interchange (edi). In accordance with the first part, both of examples which have been accorded our attention are meant to emphasize the polarization for current industrial networks and the need for their development towards more "equipotent" forms
Haddad, Yaël. "Approche du fonctionnement et de la gestion des plantations d'arbres d'alignement en milieu urbain : au travers d'une démarche pluridisciplinaire physiologique, socio-politique, paysagère et économique." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070104.
Full textPlantations of roadside trees in urban area help to structure and to comprehend the surrounding landscape, and also could create meeting places. To dismiss these urbanistic and social functions to solely the ecological ones, result in attributing the poor health of these plantations to the general degradation of our environment, rather than to the incoherent interventions made, without taking into account the richness and the complexity of roadside trees plantations, by the various actors to build plantations that will fulfill their role for a long time and to assure a healthy magement we need to :. Further progress in the knowledge of these urban trees by on-site studies, conducted by researchers and professionals aware of the dynamic and complex nature of roadside trees and their urban environment,. Establish a competent organization capable of, firstly designing a plant structure that respects predefined objectives and take into account site restrictions, afterward of choosing a specific planting adapted to the technical and economic context of the moment, then of gathering the means necessary to the planting and finally of ensuring the good health of the plant structure on its whole lifespan. The key to the success of such a long term project as a plantation, is that the local management, which take care of the specific social needs and of the site particularities and the global management, where all the long-term decisions for urban organization are taken, are intimately intertwined. Thus, for each plantation we have to negociate, with pluridisciplinary approaches, a realistic consensus between all the actors, if we want to ensure the futur of a common good we will allways have to share
Sghir, Saïd. "L'aménagement hydro-agricole en Doukkala: : Impacts sur l'organisation socio-économique et spatiale." Metz, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2002/Sghir.Said.LMZ0201_1.pdf.
Full textDesmouliere, Rémi. "Géographie d'un milieu : propriétaires, chauffeurs et organisations de minibus à Jakarta." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INAL0024.
Full textThis PhD dissertation explores the geography of a particular group of transport operators: the minibus owners, drivers and organizations in the Jakarta metropolitan region. Minibuses are studied as a form of non-centralized transport typified by dispersed vehicle ownership among tens of thousands individuals, and loose work relationships between owners and drivers through the daily rental of the vehicles. This particular configuration of transport supply can be referred to as a milieu, that is a field of uneven positions and power relations embedded in the city. I argue that the spaces and places of the minibus are produced through the territorialization of that milieu. First, this study aims at uncovering its social and spatial structures, starting from the relationship that owners and drivers weave through the use of vehicles. The various levels of the State played a key role in producing the structures of the field, with the twofold purpose of stimulating its growth and controlling it. Yet, this control is exerted through intermediate organizations that tend to centralize power. The second step of this study analyzes the production and dynamics of the minibus territories: routes, neighborhoods and stops. These territories are crafted through the confrontation of the operators’ own territorialities with competing territorialities from other urban actors. Moreover, they are challenged by the rapid pace of urban change under the thrust of metropolization. This context questions the permanence and adaptation of these transport territories
Dobruszkes, Frédéric. "Géographie de la libéralisation du transport aérien passagers en Europe." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210715.
Full textLa libéralisation du ciel européen a effectivement conduit à soumettre l’essentiel de l’offre intra-européenne aux « lois du marché », les services publics étant devenus résiduels (moins de 5% des sièges intra-européens). Pour autant, la concurrence à l’échelle des lignes n’est pas devenue la norme. Elle a certes aug-menté, en particulier sur des grandes lignes domesti-ques jadis très protégées, sur les principales lignes européennes entre régions métropolitaines et sur les lignes nord – sud à vocation touristique. Cependant, le développement de nombreuses nouvelles lignes exploi-tées par une seule compagnie a paradoxalement aug-menté le nombre et la part des monopoles de fait. De nombreuses concurrences n’ont lieu qu’indirectement, soit au travers de filiales étrangères (par exemple Spa-nair appartenant à SAS), soit par des compagnies low-cost opérant depuis des aéroports secondaires plus éloignés des grandes agglomérations européennes (par exemple Hahn au lieu de Francfort).
Entre 1991 et 2005, la desserte de l’espace européen libéralisé connaît d’importantes évolutions. D’une part, le volume de l’offre (en sièges) est presque multiplié par deux (+85%, +81% si l’on se limite aux vols intra-européens), soit un taux de croissance annuel moyen de 5,6%. Cette croissance concerne plus l’offre interna-tionale que nationale, qui l’emporte maintenant sur la seconde. D’autre part, la dynamique d’ouverture et de fermeture de lignes est spectaculaire :1308 créations contre 459 disparitions, si bien que le nombre total de lignes a augmenté de moitié et que le réseau européen actuel est un réseau pour moitié renouvelé par rapport à celui de 1991. Cependant, le poids en sièges des lignes héritées est de 8/10. Le réseau européen actuel est donc quantitativement toujours dominé par les relations historiques, qui constituent l’armature de la desserte aérienne européenne.
Les espaces touristiques balnéaires méridionaux ont capté une grande partie de cette croissance (3/10 des nouvelles liaisons, ¼ de l’augmentation générale du nombre de sièges). Si l’on y ajoute le tourisme urbain, on observe très clairement une banalisation du tou-risme aérien.
Une typologie évolutive des réseaux à l’échelle des compagnies a révélé des stratégies différenciées et donc des impacts variés en termes de desserte des territoires. Les grandes compagnies nationales ont généralement fortement développé leur offre tout en la concentrant plus encore sur leurs bases aéroportuaires traditionnelles organisées en hubs. Parfois, un second hub a dû être créé pour contourner des problèmes de saturation (Munich en plus de Francfort) ou mieux coller à la demande (Milan en plus de Rome). Les compagnies classiques ont aussi pris des participations dans des petites compagnies afin de pénétrer plus facilement, et à moindre coût, des marchés étrangers. Ces filiales — et leurs réseaux — ont parfois été converties en opéra-teurs régionaux alimentant les grands hubs. Par ail-leurs, diverses petites compagnies ont pu se développer à l’échelle européenne, sortant souvent de leur cadre national classique. Ces développements se sont tantôt faits au bénéfice des villes « de province » (en particu-lier en Grande-Bretagne), tantôt par concentration sur la capitale (en particulier dans les pays où les villes de province ont peu de poids économique et démographi-que). Enfin, des compagnies charters ont transformé leur offre en offre régulière, la rendant plus ouverte au public, au profit des zones touristiques méridionales qui sont ainsi plus facilement accessibles.
Mais la plus spectaculaire évolution est sans doute le développement des compagnies low-cost. Celles-ci sont responsables de 4/10 de la croissance de l’offre (en sièges) sur la période 1995-2004 ;elles sont aussi mêlées à 3/10 des nouvelles lignes européennes ouver-tes entre 1991 et 2005. Leurs réseaux renforcent les liaisons entre régions métropolitaines et entre celles-ci et les destinations touristiques. En outre, les régions subcentrales leur doivent la moitié de leur desserte et presque toute leur croissance. De nombreux petits aéroports leur doivent l’essentiel, voire la totalité, de leur desserte et de leur croissance, en particulier dans les régions subcentrales et intermédiaires. Ceci a consi-dérablement modifié les rapports entre compagnies et gestionnaires d’aéroports, plaçant ces derniers dans un rapport de forces qui ne leur est pas toujours favorable.
Ces dynamiques viendraient presque faire oublier les décroissances. D’une part, des faillites ont parfois eu un effet négatif marqué sur la desserte des villes, comme nous l’avons en particulier montré pour Bruxelles avec la faillite de la Sabena. D’autre part, les services publics subventionnés semblent être en régression, bien que l’analyse détaillée du cas français montre que la géo-graphie des services publics antérieurs à la libéralisation découlait parfois plus d’exigences politiques locales que de besoins réels.
A l’échelle régionale, l’analyse des évolutions par types économiques régionaux montre qu’au-delà de taux de croissance très variés et malgré toutes les dynamiques étudiées, la répartition de l’offre est demeurée assez constante :il n’y a pas de remise en cause de la hiérar-chisation de l’espace européen. Les régions métropoli-taines continuent en effet à polariser une très grande partie de l’offre et sont toujours les points de passage quasi-obligés pour les vols intercontinentaux. Un niveau en dessous, les régions centrales disposent toujours d’une offe honorable, quoique limitée à l’Europe et ses marges. Les régions subcentrales profitent d’une « décompression » des régions métropolitaines et cen-trales et de la dynamique low-cost. Les capitales des pays ex-communistes connaissent un rattrapage et sont repolarisées par l’Europe occidentale. Les périphéries touristiques connaissent un important développement mais pèsent peu globalement. Les autres périphéries et les espaces intermédiaires tendent à se marginaliser, victimes de trop faibles densités économiques et démo-graphiques et d’une contraction des services publics aériens.
Enfin, si le développement de lignes transversales entre petites villes est une réalité, leur poids est avant tout local. Celles-ci pèsent en effet peu globalement.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation géographie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Spielvogel, Gilles. "Economie géographique et développement : quatre essais." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0006.
Full textBerard, Claude. "Les Mutations du groupe socio-professionnels des viticulteurs varois : essai de géographie sociale et économique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX23007.
Full textTremblay-Racicot, Fanny. "Instruments de politique publique en matière de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre: Transports urbains durables à Montréal et à Boston." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27785/27785.pdf.
Full textChaumet-Dalmasso, Sophie. "Alliances et transport aérien." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0058.
Full textSince the liberalization of air transport in 1978, airlines developed strategies to preserve their competing advantages. From hubs to frequent flyer programs, each one sought to develop its market while reducing its costs. At the end of the nineties, alliances airlines appeared at the as one of the most judicious strategies making it possible to offer to passengers a broad choice of destinations without increasing the costs. After analysing opportunities and difficulties met by the airlines within the framework of alliance, the thesis is interested in the consequences of this strategy on the airport infrastructures. How airports, in particular those only recognised as hubs feeders, can impose their point of view facing companies organized within an alliance? Are airports alliances finally possible even through others forms of organisation ? These questions emerge since the beginning of this new century, and if by the nature of airports, their fixed costs are very important and depreciation on the long term, their managers are looking for other possibilities. Acquisition of shares in privatiszed airports, constitution of consortia sharing the know-how of each one, airport managers also launch out them to the conquest of the world