Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Geographie rurale elevage geographie urbaine'
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Tag, Boutayeb. "Des mutations agro-pastorales a l'urbanisation dans le maroc oriental." Toulouse 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU20098.
Full textThe study of agro-pastoral mutations devoted to the steppe-like part of east morocco insists on the problems of the changes and modernization of agro-pastoral society. The results of this study are focused on: 1) the change brought about concerning the nomad populations, with : a destructuration of the traditional tribal social system; the intervention of the state organization in the control of the morocco high-plateaux populations, and an increasingly stricter regulation of their seasonal movements; to the socio-spatial destructuration their must be added a circumstancial disruption, provoked by drought, which precipitated the urban sedentarization trend of the pastoral populations, into the districts called "tentevilles" (tent towmns). 2) the transformation of the fella population from the oases and ksours, owing to : the consequence of the drought (lack of irrigation water), the lack of arable land, rural depopulation and migration to foreign countries are increasing. 3) the urban growth within an agro-pastoral space in the middle of a crisis is a new phenomenon : it results fron -a state policy of urban growth, - a rural depopulation and an increasingly faster sedentarisation of nomad populations. The commercial dynamism of small and middle-sized towns is not sufficient. It is also a fragile urban growth, which took place within an agro-pastoral space rendered fragile
Dione, Diène. "Problèmes de développement des activités du secteur primaire dans la banlieue de Dakar." Limoges, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIMO0506.
Full textThis study will try to expound a certain number of reflexions based on a fundamental theme and specifically geographical methods will be employed. The reason for this choice of theme can be explained by our awareness of the constraints upon fishing, breeding and agriculture in the suburbs of dakar, solutions to which, can only be envisages after preliminary research. Generally speaking dakar and the surrounding area well situaded for the establishment of human beings. On the one hand it opens out onto the oriental bassin of the tropical atlantic with, as is well knouwn, a continental plateau rich in ichthyology and on the other hand it lies on the fertile niayes region which is par excellence a propitious area for market gardening fruit arboriculture and even breeding. Since the end of the second world war the breathtaking development of dakar together with the expansion of the road network have helped create extensive bonds between the town and its suburban villages which provide it with its essential food supplies. But even though these ties are beneficial for the rural population which takes advantage of the monetary economy, they are dealt with by middlemen in order to reach the city consumer. The opening out of villages to the economy of a market does not seem to create any better methods of production among the rural population. The diversification of the met ods of production will be imperative before long but this implies the necessity for a change in mentality beforhand. In a country where development is based on collective units which are cooperatives, it is quite possible to accomplish this requirement. The problems evoked in this study call for anwers of a collective nature because development implies the adaptation of the state system as well as the behaviour of civil servants and the rural population in relation to the state
Carrega, Pierre. "Topoclimatologie et habitat." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE2021.
Full textThis thesis is aimed at studying specific climatic elements of vital importance to human settlement, on a topoclimatic space scale -from a few meters only to a few kilometers- considering the setting of the place (relief). Most of the method is inductive, with different techniques of data collection which are then treated with statistical multivaried analysis, and it results in operational implements in three direction : - The studyof the space layout of temperatures in a rural environment, as well as of the radiative and advective mechanisms controlling the layout. The field of studies is low lands of plateaux, the Lorraine, and a highly contrasted area, the alpes-maritimes, and it results in a spatial interpolation method of temperature. - A research work in the effects of human settlements -grouped in townson temperature, air humidity, airflow (irban heat island) in a small twon, Vence, and a large town, Nice. - A study of a climate-bound hazard, serious in rural and peri-urban settlement in mediterranean region - the forest-fire hazard, quantified by risk indices values, which are used the Alpes-Maritimes rescue department
Devis, Philippe. "Ecologie et urbanisme : urbanisation en milieu rural et transformations du paysage provençal." Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX32001.
Full textFor about twenty years, urban growth has been characterized by a spreading out of the settlement outside the towns. This urbanization of the country completely changes the economy and the sociodemographic structure of the districts which were initially rural. And the changes of the landscape go with the transformations of the population who lives there. Until then, the organization of space resulted from a rural logic; from now on, it shows the mark of the city dwellers who appropriate it, and who convey their own conception of the landscape. Urbanization spreads first to the fertile plains, whereas it generally spares the "collines", whose vegetation is often deteriorated. The recession of the cultivated lands compels agriculture to an excessive intensification, which, in the same time, harms the economical profitability of the farming concerns, and the ecology of the agrosystems. Simultaneously, the keeping of "natural" surroundings doesn't go together with measures which would allow their protection. This evolution ends in a heavy ecological and economical damage. Furthemore, nothing allows us to think, on the contrary, that the form of this urbanization doesn't create a new type of dissatisfaction, comparable, through the reactions of rejection they might create tomorrow, to the forms of settlement the city dweller rejects when he leaves town today. Eventually, it seems necessary that a town planning showing a genuine ecological realism should substitute for a subjective approach of the landscape, which doesn't take into account the specific aptitudes of an area. This study ends with propositions on that perspective. Ecology cannot only constitute - in the best of accounts - a motive of concern anymore. It must become a real tool of investigation and help for decision, to better devise the development of our societies, whose organization cannot elude from the organization of biological systems inside of which they fit
Séchet, Raymonde. "Mythes égalitaires et pauvretés dans le Maine." Caen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CAEN1011.
Full textPoverty in rich countries can't be understood without taking into consideration the spatial dimension. That contributes to reveal all that is hidden by the discourses that usually give the poverty the first place in actuality. The local approach of this subject in the Mayenne and the Sarthe shows that poverty which may be passed from one generation to the next can't be separated from the inegalitarian process which are set in the spatial spaces. Egalitarian myths and poverty in the maine attempt of social geography
Verlhac, Francis. "L'Industrie rurale en Limousin." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610725v.
Full textCHERRAD, SALAH EDDINE. "Problematique de l'amenagement de l'espace rural en algerie : analyse du discours, pratiques spatiales et perspectives." Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30039.
Full textThe algerian space has for a long time been sudjected to a vast transformation movement and more exactly of rebuilding (or reworking). The different phases which correspond globally to historical divisions (pre-colonial, colonial, and now) are referred to in speech. Thus, for each application, the retraining projet of space and the shapes resulting. From this movement it emerges many forms of organisation and structuring of the space specific to each period. One of the constants which we obsewe is a division of space : inegalitarian structure, denuded regions and equiped regions. The whole of these elements is applied in the north-east of algeria. These disparities which go back to the creation of these spaces are put to evidence by means of a series of parameters. The analysis of the accumulation spaces and of these abandoned spaces is deepened at the communal level by a sample of communes. The noticing of the desequilibrium being achieved, some scenarios are proposed. These simulations envisage nearly all possible situations at 2010 horizon
Becat, Joan. "Les pyrenees mediterraneennes, mutations d'une economie montagnarde : le cas de l'andorre." Montpellier 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON30018.
Full textThe mutation of andorran economy took place in less than fifty years and economic expansion was so successful than today decision-makers are less interested in boosting this market economy than in making it compatible with andorra's natural environment, quality of life and new forms of tourism. Within half a century andorra has shifted from a well-structured society - perfectly adjusted to the milieu with a traditional and coherent pastoral economy to a modern economy almost exclusively based on trade and tourism every year 10 million people visit andorra. A pyrenean valley with a high rate of emigration - 50 % of each age bracket andorra has now become an island of prosperity in a region - the pyrenees - which is as yet hard hit by recession. The management of the environment was thus profoundly changed and ecological balance disruped. Ever-present natural risks have since 1980 dramatically manifested themselves, which resulted in a radically new coneption of economic growth and the role of institutions. The aim of this doctoral dissertation is to highlight the shift from a traditional economic system to the current system, the impact of man's action and economy on the natural milieu and natural catastrophes and lastly to stress the political and institutional implications of such a change. The dissertation is divided into six books and includes a volume of charts and an atlas
Maury, Régis. "La vie agricole en touraine. Etude geographique d'une evolution humaine et economique." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040127.
Full textLozato-Giotart, Jean-Pierre. "Le vignoble d'asti : etude geographique." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040194.
Full textThe asti's vineyard is situated at 70 km from the east of turin. It isn't a large vineyard (34 000 ha) but it's a vineyard of quality. Specially situated on a low and middle hill of monferrat and langhe area. Rural landscape is offering a specific settlement in relation to the surrounding industrial plains. First (book 1), surface, production and farming analysis is confirming a recent and important geographic evolution. Since thirty years special production has affected the asti's vineyard (moscato, barbera, grignolino and freisa). More large than first, but always small (2 ha), wine-growing farms were founded on traditional polycultural system. Now (book 2), with an opening market in the world (europe, america, australia, new-zealand, south africa), specially for the asti spumante, modernisation is necessary for wine-production. The geographic result is based on particular vineyards models (exclusive, mixed, marginal). Yet, viticulture is disappearing from the high hill and from plain while is more important for low and middle hill. Asti's vineyard is an original area of viticulture with general geographic systems examples to other vineyards in the world
Josselin, Didier. "La Déprise agricole en zone de montagne : vers un outil d'aide à la modélisation couplant systèmes d'induction et d'information géographique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10031.
Full textDA, MATHA SANT'ANNA MARCEL ANTON. "Etudes biogeographiques et activites humaines d'un secteur du socle precambrien au benin (zou-nord). Une approche morphodynamique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR10019.
Full textBiocenotic morphodynamic research in benin on one part of precambrian socle for walue people health and production problems. As solutions : - locate and manage underflows, sinking wells and building water tanks for contest water diseases as dracunculosis ; - promote agriculture and breedins complementary with plough tilling ; - incite inhabitants to grow and consume also more somme fruit and vegetables for themselves against bad nutrition damages. On the whole, this proves the area prospected has important development potentia- lities. Human interventions musn't deteriorate them, particulary its paleo-soils
Pignard-Marthod, Nicole. "La fragilité des espaces ruraux : représentations, méthodes d'approche." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE19022.
Full textThis work deals with the representations of social and economic development of fragile rural areas. It aims at proving that fragility, as it is characterized by those who are in charge of land planning, is not the only possible representation. People who live in these rural areas considered as fragile, share other representations, based on their own spacial practices and their own experiences of development. In order to elaborate another method of diagnosis, a new approach can be proposed, based on this different image of fragile areas
Grasset, Eric. "Les Services aux populations dans le développement territorial en montagnes méditerranéennes : application à l'Ardèche méridionale et au Diois." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10260.
Full textFOURNY, MARIE-CHRIST. "La Dynamique du développement local : constitution et évolution d'un pays en zone de montagne : le cas du Beaufortain." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE19006.
Full textThis study investigates the capabilities of a little rural district of controlling its future and its area. The policy of local development enables us to point out the action of a community. It is a way to more self-governement, to produce a local system which has its own cohesiveness, not entirely subjected to the global system and external logics. This process tries to found an area which will gain on cultural identity, politic and economic structures. We consider its development through local powers, planning strategies, social and economic transformations. We study the example of beaufortain, a rural mountain district in savoy. Three periods appear in the local development process. At first, during the fifties, a local mobilization appears against national country planning effects. In a second period, coordinated actions are undertaken. Different local institutions try to set up a local planning project, which connects economic, social and cultural development. The third and actual period is a turning-point, caused by tourism-effects. Development can lead to the production of an area with a single function: leisure. Or, after the mobilization and creation, it can lead to a new but difficult step: local management
Jaeger, Marie-Claire. "La Nature et les hommes dans les paysages caucasiens : l'exemple du Grand Caucase Georgien." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE19021.
Full textDagli, Korinna. "Aménagement régional et développement touristique de la partie occidentale de la Crète." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE19025.
Full textAfter a general presentation of the island of creete our study going to surround the conditions and the modalities of the management of one region-test. The department of canee, one region which suffers from handicaps becomes acquainted to the insularity, to the mountaineer environment, to the separately including in creete. Through an analysis which specifies the socio-economical situation, and its evolution that has contributed to the populations exode, the study proposes solutions of amelioration, out of which tourism is one of the keys without being nevertheless the only factor to consider. This tourist composing to have to enter one's name adapted in a management politics who is the only competent to bring a remedy to the delay of the region development
Bergeron, Robert. "La basilicate, changement social et changement spatial dans une region du mezzogiorno." Toulouse 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU20059.
Full textIn 1950, this small region in the "deep" mezzogiorno manifested symptoms of acute underdeveloppement : over population of the land, much of which is rugged ; continuing soil erosion ; extreme inequalities of land ownership ; poverty ; underprovision of infrastructure. In the following 30 years, it has seen several important changes. The elimination or reduction of long standing problems : malaria and problems of water management. These improvements have contributed more than agrarian reform has to the renewal of lowland agriculture. Outmigration has alleviated the population problems of the mountains and hillcountry. Improvements to the communication network have reduced isolation. The construction of several industries has brought a rapid, though fragile, modernisation ; moreover the growth of services and the urbanisation of a society better integrated into the outside world, had contributed to this modernisation. Spatial re-organisation is being experienced as a result of this, with the growing importance of the lowlands and of the regional capital (favoured by the regionalisation), in contrast to the mountain cantons which are now experiencing problems of depopulation which are common to many mountainous coastal regions of the north mediterranean. Do these changes mean that developpement has been accomplished ? developments elsewhere in italy and the still-unfulfilled promise
Zerrouki, Miloud. "Agriculture et agro-industrie dans l'Oriental marocain." Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX23008.
Full textOlivier, Alain. "Les Territoires de la ruralité : de l'émergence d'une nouvelle ruralité à un projet de gestion territoriale de l'environnement : Saint Gervais les Bains au pays du Mont Blanc." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10170.
Full textOrcière, Marie-Agnès. "Coopération intercommunale en montagne : enjeux locaux et politiques publiques : études de cas l'Embrunais, Hautes-Alpes et le Valbonnais-Beaumont, Isère." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX32019.
Full textIn the rural montain community, human and intercommunity cooperation is born of the necessity of collective use of the natural resources. The local political authotiry became protectors of the local landed magnates and contributed, to the breakup of traditional intercommunity cohesiveness. Along with, the opening of the valleys towards the exterior and extensive governmental interventions, helped to hasten, by their destructive effects, the abandonment of the cooperative intercommunity efforts in the last several decades, intercommunity cooperation has undergone a regeneration but this has been the result of external influences : first, by the introduction of interregional structures; secondly, by public financial incentives encouraging local intercommunity contracts. In the first case, the traditional community patrimonial practices constitute an obstacle to the establishment of cooperative action. In the second case, this regeneration of intercommunity activity, put in concrete form by the etablishment of a "regional chart", contributed to durable and social mobilisation, and resulted in the rejuvenation of the leading class of citizens. In the mountains regions, intercommunity cooperation depends on the political importance and practice of local elected officals and can be a factor of local dynamization by favoring the expression of new social categories, or it can, be turned from its final objectives ans used to benefit only individual local interests
Vandernoot, Gilles. "La chasse en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur : bilan et suggestions pour une gestion mieux équilibrée." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX32020.
Full textThis thesis is particular on the way that is approaches hunting in a new field, the one of equipping. A social and geographical analysis of hunting in the regional provence-alpes-cote d'azur leads to a large number of methodologic thoughts and proposals specific to the scope of equipping. Noting the aggravation of the crisis of hunting, despit new arrangements, one can easely show that a global approach is necessary and that the analysis must take into consideration all the factors of the crisis. For lack of documents, this research is based on a regional inquiry concerning sportsmen and hunting clubs. It enables us to give the number of the regional cynegetic phenomenons : trying to define as dearly as possible the profiles of the different sportsmen and hunters, estimating the cynegetic tradition, and anticipating the new relation ship between sportsmen and non-sportsmen, knowing the evolution of hunting areas, in accordance with urbanization and rural depopulation. After the diagnostic, it seems essential to cope with the crisis by integrating hunting into a new policy of management of naturel heritage. We can sumbmit several proposals and a local urbanisation plan. With the aid of this project, as well as the other initiatives, it would be possible for the councils to assert themselves in the scope of the management of naturel heritage and to progress from ecology to cynegetics
Courtot, Roland. "Agriculture irriguee et organisation de l'espace dans les huertas de valencia et de castellon, espagne." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070123.
Full textThe valencia and castellon de la plana huertas (irrigated lands on the coastal region of these spanish provinces, from oropesa cape in the north, to the southern cape of nao) have since long been lands of intensive agriculture, and are nowadays thorougly transformed by recent industrialization and urbanization. The conditions of their development through a whole century (exportation markets, increasing irrigation, appropriation of cultivated land by urban people) account for the importance of rural densities, of the urban network and of economic intersectorial relations. The recent economic changes have left deep marks on the rural space and the irrigated agrosystems. While the latters are being altered by internal and external challenges, a new regional geography finds its place : the economic and spatial system of "valencians huertas" is no longer its chief element, but it still keeps its dynamism, by increasing its complexity and rooting itself down deep in the whole regional system
Croix, Nicole. "La terre entre terroir et territoire. Mutations foncieres et organisation des campagnes armoricaines meridionales. (1968-1998)." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT3001.
Full textThe author's studies carried out for 30 years in south armorican countryside highlight the role of different land actors (land owners, farmers, non farmers), and of authorities on the organization of rural space. The patrimonial system left an agricultural legacy, but there is a tendency for it to be erased or transformed. Must of the actual parcels are drawn up by productivist farmers and for them. Land is considered as to be a means which has to be extended and restructured to allow more production at lower price. However an increasing number of land owners and land users have no link with agriculture, and many critics raise against social and economic as well as environmental and spatial impacts caused by productivist agriculture. These elements lead european and french authorities to create areas to protect land as reserve and support for natural resources. Zonings are proposed at different scales to apply development policies which allow to conciliate private and public interests. Land and soils receive an increasingly policies amount of attention in sustainable development polices for rural space
KIM, HYEONG SEO. "La place des parcs naturels dans l'aménagement des espaces montagnards sud-coréens." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10155.
Full textThe economic expansion of the last years in the country is a very important element that launched the development of leisure activities and allowed the population's mentality to change. These new tourists actually visit the natural mountain areas, especially the natural parks, created by the government, but in a total anarchy. The recent touristic planning brings about many social and economical problems, among which : - conflits between the local population and the people in charge of the planning - a deterioration of the landscape and the environment - an important unbalance between the touristic demand and offer. The major stake is now to look for concrete and effective measures in order to support, to reinforce and to balance the three purposes of a natural park, meaning : - the protection of nature - the economic development for the local population - the opportunity of a natural leisure space for the urban population