Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Géographie – Télédétection'
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Pébayle, Josée. "L'Intérêt en géographie des données du satellite Spot (à partir de simulations)." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010536.
Full textXia, Deshen. "Contribution à la mise au point d'un logiciel de traitements d'images de télédetection sur micro-ordinateur." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUEL045.
Full textSatellite images of the Earth recently enable geographers to considerably extend the field of their observations. But the numerisation, the processing and the visualisation of these images require a solid and appropriate computer system. In collaboration withe agroup of researchers, the programmer have helped in solving the essential problems posed by the nature of the data to be processed. These data comprise about ten million elementary units called pixels. It was initially nacessary to explore deeply the capacities of e system (the micro-comuter system), for this processing. The latter being developped alongside an IBM PC-AT revealed to be very effective owing to its speccialised cards, its flexible operating system, the md-dos and to the combined usage of two programming languages (the C and the assembler). The initial satellite data were available in a magnetic tape whose reading required a programme extablishing the link between the tape controller and the ibm, important problemq were encountered : inadaptation of one of the IBM Bios function, insufficient tape reading speed using the language C and the delicate link between the latter and the assembler. Once read, the data obtained from the tape were printed the Canon PJ-A080 a for the colour images ; the Epson LQ-1500 and the laser writer MO 156Z for the black and white images while other programmes enabled their visualisation. The laser writer, particularly ets in-built micro-processor gave very satisfactory results. To enable the printing of the results, the image was made to undergo different processing in order to improve ets appearance and to refine ets contracts : by the analyses of frequency histogram, classification, stretching and line-removing. It's possible to make e good interpretation of an erea with Earth satellite image, an appropriate micro-computer system and somme printed images
Laamrani, El Idrissi Ahmed. "Recherche par télédétection géologique de sites potentiels d'hydrocarbures dans l'Anti-Atlas marocain." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ37783.pdf.
Full textDebaine, Françoise. "Paléoenvironnements et occupation humaine ancienne : l'apport de la télédétection satellitaire appliquée aux confins indo-pakistanais." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010549.
Full textThe northern margins of the thar desert in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent which are often marked by quaternary relict landforms have kept in their landscape numerous remains of ancient human occupation in the forms of ancient villages or lonely settlements or ancient irrigation canals. This is the study of thes remains. So this is a historical geographical study. The question is that of the kind of relationships of human societies and their surroundings at each age that has been identified by the archeologists. Remote sensing is the tool that was used to undertake and complete this research. Thanks to digital image processing, it is possible to enhance, and to describe and to interprate the evidences of changes in the environment and to study the archaeological sites location-which is good evidence of the interaction of man and environement in the past- and their distribution in spectral or morphological significant unities. An original step has been developped responding to the specificity of this research in the aim to discern relict landforms from a current state of the space. The methods that have been developped are based on automatic classification and image analysis (mathematical morphology, etc. ). Thanks to this study, former hypothesis are refutated and new evidences are given to the question of the conditions in wich the protohistorical (indus civilisation) and ancient historical and medieval societies settled in haryana (chautang plain) and in cholistan desert (hakra plain)
Teodoreanu-Niculescu, Simona. "Approche géographique de la dynamique des paysages du plateau de Faltinceni (Roumanie) par la télédétection." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040004.
Full textLenot, Xavier. "Modélisation et inversion d'images hyperspectrales : quantification et prise en compte du relief et de la réflectance bidirectionnelle." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ESAE0009.
Full textGeorganos, Stefanos. "The use of very-high-resolution earth observation satellite data for multi-thematic urban mapping in sub-Saharan Africa: Applications in population, household wealth and epidemiological modeling." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/317404/3/ToC.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
In reference to IEEE copyrighted material which is used with permission in this thesis, the IEEE does not endorse any of ULB’s products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. If interested in reprinting/republishing IEEE copyrighted material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution, please go to http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/rights_link.html to learn how to obtain a License from RightsLink. If applicable, University Microfilms and/or ProQuest Library, or the Archives of Canada may supply single copies of the dissertation
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Davranche, Aurélie. "Suivi de la gestion des zones humides camarguaises par télédétection en référence à leur intérêt avifaunistique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10116.
Full textPetiot, Guillaume. "Fusion d'informations symboliques et de données numériques pour la gestion des crues." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30291.
Full textMuljosukojo, Bangun. "Analyse écologique des mangroves de Java (Indonésie) et cartographie par télédétection satellitaire." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30264.
Full textGuerfi, Mokhtar. "Application de la télédétection à l'analyse urbaine utilisation d'une image SPOT en multibande pour l'identification des tissus urbains de l'agglomération rouennaise." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUEL044.
Full textThe urban land use policies, impose a reasonned choice, whose require a descriptive data of the territory to planning. The remote sensing synoptic vision, enable to make e periodic, quantitative and qualitative inventory of land use; the question is to know, if the relation exists between urban object nautre properties and the measured inadiance. This relation was make conspiciously in homogeneous area, like agriculture, hydrology etc. . . The urban area exhibits an extremely heterogeneous surface cover, and it has not e direct relation between physic state of the object ans its urban fonction. Urban e image processing system whose is built on microcomputing an a software entirely developped on the same time of geographic analysis, we process to identify urban land cover for rouen, using the french Spot satellite multiban scene of december 5 1986. It appearead that the use of only one band is not available to analysis when land use, the combination of the three bands is best. The vegetation index give an interesting information. The Spot spatial resolution was nearly urban object height, a textural and structural study was made by using coocurence and isosegment matix. The best way of interpretation remain the visual analysis whose draws it inspiration from the technics of the photo-interpretation
Saffianian, Ali Reza. "Pour un suivi par télédétection de la qualité des eaux en Mer Caspienne iranienne." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010679.
Full textGardel, Antoine. "Télédétection et enjeux d'aménagement en contexte urbain tropical : application à l'Ile de Cayenne, Guyane." Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0054.
Full textLhomme, Stéphane. "Identification du bâti à partir d'images satellitaires à très hautes résolutions spatiales." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5824.
Full textSalama, Atef Hafez. "La croissance urbaine d'une ville du Canal de Suez : Ismaïlia, application des systèmes d'informations géographiques et télédétection." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040069.
Full textThe treaty transferring the Suez Canal did require a development programme based on three points : perforation and opening of the Suez Canal to the world navigation, dispatching of the Nile water, and creation of railway lines to connect the canal region to the other parts of coastal towns (Port-Sai͏̈d and Suez) and a management one which gained benefited frim its central position. (Ismai͏̈lia). Within the birth and growth of Ismai͏̈lia, the environment did play an important role due to its geographic situation and to its both topographic and geological conditions. But types of sols and their occupation, and transport commodities with its formal and informal use did constitute main constraints to the growth of the town. From the political and economic contexts of the country, one can distinguish three phases within the growth of the town : the concession urbanism which son from 1862 to 1956, the unorganised growth phase (1956-1966) and finally the phase of town integration within the useful spare of Egypt (1978-2000). As we can notice, the second phase has lasted only ten years because from 1967 to 1973, Ismai͏̈lia was a disastrous town, damaged by the Arab-Israeli wars. During this war period, Ismai͏̈lia did even appear as a ghost and empty town, populations housing son away. But the 1978-2000 period can be considered like one of the town rationalisation and of ruled development through the adoption of a development programme on the whole region covered by the canal. As a result of the urban growth dynamism observed at this period, Ismai͏̈lia got structured and have quite become an agglomeration with diverse economics activities. She even turned to the most attractive demographic pole of the region. A demographic growth which has led to a high spatial pressure around the region
Biron, Geneviève. "Etude par télédétection spatiale des unités paysagères actuelles et de leur évolution sous la pression anthropique dans un milieu insulaire caribéen : exemple de la Guadeloupe." Antilles-Guyane, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AGUY0038.
Full textThe island of Guadeloupe is no doubt one of the islands of the Lesser Antilles that has the morphological, geological, and tectonical and climatical contrasts; these contrasts generate natural nested patterns forming particular geosystems such as the geosystems that are characteristic of mangrove, dense forest, plateau, foothill and coastal agricultural plain regions. The study of these different regions by means of satellite radiometric measurements is very profitable, since it allows the determination of global characteristics and more specifically those characteristics that are in relation to the vegetal species distribution and corresponding zonation, specially when the studied regions are of difficult access (mangrove, dense forest). Such studies drawn diachronically allow the estimation of the evolution of the natural environment and the importance of the anthropic influence on the environment. In this work, we have presented seven landscape examples that are representative of the island of Guadeloupe and are respectively related to agricultural plantations, evergreen seasonal forests, industrial regions, coastal humid intertropical landscapes, volcanic coastal landscapes, limestone plateau landscapes and limestone karstic hills. After a geographical presentation of the island of Guadeloupe, we present, an analysis method for all the landscape entities mentioned hereabove. It relies upon the transformation of satellite-unprocessed data into reflectance percentages that involves various phasis of data processing as well as a validation of the method. Then, we propose various diachronical analysis methods in order to follow the evolution of different sites such as banana plantation regions, mangrove regions as well as rural and urban regions
Moreau, Noële. "Contribution de la télédetection à l'étude de l'évolution des paysages de mangroves de l'Afrique de l'Ouest." Bordeaux 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR30045.
Full textMangroveswill only develop under certain conditions. Should one or several of these requires factors suffer any alteration, the balanced settlement of this vegetal formation which is characteristic of intertropical deltas and estuaries might be endangered. The analysis of the different parameters which fostered the settlement of mangroves in 3 countries of western africa, namely senegal, guinea-bissau and guinea, has enabled us, after vieillefon and marius to come to the conclusion that the climatic changes of these past 20 years have had major, if not desastrous, consequences in these three countries. Although guinea is known to receive sufficient rainfall, the country is already victim of the consequences of these climatic anomalies. Mangroves generate a complete ecosystem which engenders an intense economic life. Hence the necessity to keep a close eye on the possible disfunction of this ecosystem. Spot fits exactly the purpose of this mission. After showing the different ways to use visual and aerial rmote-sensing on mangrove landscape, we have tried to put forward the originality of spot remote-sensing procedrure. We have thus implemented a particular method to study spatial views of mangroves, which was tested on five images and may be applied to many others, since several images are needed to watch over the plants; this procedure is basically a photointerpretation of numerical colour composites. The simple "speed reading" of spot images enables the user to identify every composite of the mangrove landscapes as well their anomalies. The application of the whole procedure results in a precise cartography of these landscapes, with the possibility to compare the various maps with existing ones. Out of their comparisons stand the dynamics of the studied landscape and the ways in which to direct its developement. Spot data give detailed informations on the location of the different species of mangrove, on the quality of frainage, as well as on the existence of newly-born "tannes"
Cotonnec, Adeline. "Paysages et occupation du sol par télédétection : application au bassin versant du Blavet." Rennes 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN20012.
Full textAt the present time, some programmes are carried out in Brittany to restore the quality of water. In this context, analysis of the components of the vegetation cover, land cover and landscapes structures that interfere in the hydrological flows requires means and methods that are performing and well adapted to the size of large watersheds. High resolution sensors spot and Landsat TM's potentialities are evaluated in this study to set up methods for mapping land cover, wooded hedges and saturated wetlands at the scale of a large watershed situated in the central Brittany, " le Blavet ". Its size is 2000 km2, and it is characterised with continuous water quality degradation and a high heterogeneity of its landscapes. The methods are first tested and assessed at an experimental scale on the watershed of " Coet-dan " that is 1200 ha large. They point out the effectiveness of landsat tm to extract the linear wooded network and the wetlands on this watershed located in the most intensive part of the entire watershed of the Blavet. The methods are then extrapolated and validated on some sub-watersheds that representative of the mean landscapes units of the watershed of the Blavet. A typology of the hydrological units based on their land cover dominance is suggested from a statistical analysis of land cover data derived from a satellite image. Almost all the wooded hedges and wetlands have been extracted with these methods on the watersheds which are included in open agrarian structures with intensive agricultural practises. The resulting information layers can then been integrated in hydrological models
Bertrand, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude de l'environnement et de la dynamique des mangroves de Guinée : données de terrain et apport de la télédétection." Bordeaux 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR30011.
Full textThe ecological functioning and the agro-silvical mangement of the guinean mangrove swamps depend on a sedimentary dynamic which is greatly unstable. The latter brings about the evolution of the tidal inondation classes which, in spite of some approximations, form the most useful framework for a classification process and a management scheme. Physiology and habitat change of mangrove communities are closely related both to the continental morphogenic evolution and the hydro-climatic variability in connection with the marginal latitude of the guinean coastal plain. Thus, the unstability of the substrata has a strong influence on the managements impacts, especially those of rice cultivation reclaimed areas which are rapidly extending up to the sea shore. The analysis of spectral signatures based on the analogic comparison between spot colored composite and infrared colour photographs allows the mapping of vegetal and agro-ecological landscape at medium scales. The computer processing techniques help to improve the discrimination between some of these landscapes and to state precisely the correlation between ecosystem dynamicfs and the evolution of backward and foreward environments. High resolution satellite data provide accurate information for the ecological survey of mangroves characterized by unstable conditions of development such as in guinea
Bastos, Lage Lorène. "Analyse de la déforestation par télédétection spatiale dans l'Etat de Rondonia (Brésil)." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30040.
Full textForget, Yann. "Mapping 20 Years of Urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa from Space: An approach based on multi-sensor satellite imagery and volunteered geographic information." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/305158.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
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Ascoura, Ibrahim. "Zagazig et sa région : dynamique géographie d'une région égyptienne dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle, étude de géographie, d'aménagement et de cartographie." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040065.
Full textZagazig, a middle city of the delta of the Nile and the capital of the province of arqayah, records a very high demographic growth in the second half of the 20th century. The remote sensing allows to emphasize this growth by a series of diachronic maps of the urban and peri-urban land use, and to quantify the process of urbanization of the rural space which resulted from it. The city, in addition, obtained many functions of commandment which shapes various areas of influence; the largest of them reaches the Mediterranean and the Suez Canal, while towards the south the influence of Cairo limits the extension of these areas. In a perspective of regional planning, it is suggested to modify the current administrative limits to adjust them to the living spaces of the population, and on the other hand, to freeze the peri-urban process of urbanization in order to protect the agricultural land by delocalizing all future growth of residential space to the desert margins of the delta, like what has been achieved, on a greater scale, around Cairo
Laroche, Rose. "Contribution à l'étude de l'évolution des ressources naturelles renouvelables du Brésil." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30244.
Full textHerbreteau, Vincent. "Géographie de zoonoses en Thaïlande : de la distribution des rongeurs, vecteurs et hôtes, au risque de transmission." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00376326.
Full textUn important travail de terrain a permis de collecter et d'étudier les rongeurs murins dans différents milieux représentatifs de leur diversité. Parallèlement, une enquête conduite dans la province de Phrae a montré la variabilité du système de soins et des comportements de santé. Un Système d'Information Géographique « Rongeurs et santé » centralise l'intégralité des données sur l'ensemble du territoire pour une analyse spatio-temporelle.
Cette recherche a permis de mettre à jour la description et la distribution par télédétection des principaux rongeurs murins thaïlandais ainsi que leur implication dans la transmission de germes pathogènes. La géographie de ces zoonoses reflète des différences de niveau de vie : l'exposition de l'Homme à ces maladies résulte de la chasse et de la consommation de rongeurs mais aussi d'un accès et d'un recours aux soins limités, traduisant ainsi la pauvreté des populations touchées.
Ce travail offre une approche critique des méthodes alliant les outils de la géomatique, l'analyse spatiale et la télédétection, pour l'étude des zoonoses.
Valette, J. J. "Analyse du positionnement terrestre par le système DORIS et évaluation de ses performances : application géophysique à un rift en Afar." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30110.
Full textAït-Alhayane, Khadija. "Géographie des espaces pastoraux en milieu désertique : approche cartographique exploitant les discours des pasteurs et les techniques de télédétection dans la région du Tafilalet (Maroc)." Montpellier 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON30044.
Full textPrior to studying the modalities of population integration in the various ways of figh ting the desertification process, we have judged it relevant to try and better understand the perception and practices of the local population, and to contribute in drawing closer two modes of environment representation, a priori, very different : on the one hand the one of a society thriving on natural resources and, on the other hand, the one of the modern means of environment surveying. The rangers of the errachidia region have been consulted so as to define how they perceive their environment through through a scruting of their speeches. Their speeches have been analysed and expressed in a cartographic way. An examination on the credibility of their speeches was one of our major objectives. To fulfil it we have tried to reveal their knowledge and skills. The interpretation of their speeches have been compared with remote sensing data to identify what they both have in common. Firstly using a visual method consisting in comparing all the maps drawn with the rangers participation to the data derived from a digital terrain model (slope, aspect and elevation), and to the multispectral data (raw images, enhanced images and neo-channels). Secondly, by a digital comparison applied to a stable element : the soils, and to a dynamic one, the vegetation
Hout, Radouane. "Télédétection radar SAR et photogrammétrie : application à la géographie limnologique avec l'exemple de l'étude du ravinement littoral au lac de Rambla de Algericas (Murcia, Espagne)." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0036.
Full textThe Rambla de Algeciras lake in Murcia is a reservoir of potable water, and also contributes to thereduction of flooding. With a semi-arid climate and a very friable nature of the geological formations atthe lakeshore level, the emergence and development of bank gullies is favored and poses a major problemof siltation of the lake. The objective of this thfesis work is to follow the sedimentary contributions of the lake shore gullies, using aerial photos, LiDAR data and Radar SAR images. In 2018, three gullies ofdifferent types were modelled in high resolution using UAV photogrammetry to obtain their lowtopographic change. The LiDAR point clouds of the PNOA project were thus used to study the variabilityand annual sedimentary dynamics on a larger spatial scale covering all the lake banks. This then helpsguide lake managers to implement strategies that take into account the contributions of lake shore gulliesthat are generally underestimated in lake water budgets.Since all areas affected by the gully phenomenon are confronted with a lack of data on sediment budgets,we proposed the use of the SAR interferometry technique (InSAR) on the slopes of eroded gullies todetermine with millimetric precision the slight topographic changes on the layover areas.The analysis of the gully trigger effect on changes in coherence on the layover areas showed that thesignal on the layover areas is often sufficiently coherent to produce a theoretically usable InSAR phase.This phase has been exploited to determine the erosion rate of gully slopes after modifying someparameters related to the phase of the radar SAR signal on the folded slopes. The application of thismulti-temporal InSAR technique with Sentinel-1 data on layover areas and the comparison of theiraccuracy with UAV data demonstrate the relevance of SAR data for monitoring the sediment budget onlayover areas in a semi-arid climate. In general, this thesis contributes to improve the regular monitoringof gullies in semi-arid zones that are difficult to access with very high accuracy
Naizot, Thierry. "Géographie de la baie de Paranagua (Parana, Brésil) : apport des données satellitaires à l'étude des marais à mangroves." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0103.
Full textThrough the study of the mangrove swamps of the paranaguad bay, i show how the physical factors and the biological characteristics of the species lead to explain the various strategies of intertidal space occupation. This permits a classification of communities which allow for better remote sensing understanding and interpretation. In the physical and complex context of this litoral region, the analysis of physico-chemical descriptors, according to marsh topography and tide levels, characterize actual sedimentary dynamics of the strands. The various hydrosedimantary conditions which result from the interaction of marine and fluviatile influences are responsible for the spatial diversi and heterogeneity of mangrove distribution, all along the complex of estuaries. The regional approach seems to be the best to understand the double-scale organisation of the mangroves. The study of the biological components of this litoral region gives a large part to biogeographic study of the mangroves and their limits. A typology of the mangroves communities, based on physionomic, structural and floristic criteria is given. The geographical fastening between different phytologie (ombrophil forest, restinga forest, mangrove) and morphological unities (serra do mar and coastal plain) is permited by the spot's synoptic perception. Digital processing (kriging, bilateral covariance, segmenting, masking) was applied to data. It authorized a taxinomy of different phytologics unities and other objects. The strucutre of the formations is the principal spectral discrimination criteria which has allowed a regional classification of mangroves (dynamic clustering, discriminant analysis) according to the vegetation typology announced
Guégan-Roué, Anne-Yvonne. "Dynamique spatiale de l'agglomération rennaise : la télédétection, un outil d'analyse et de gestion de l'espace." Rennes 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN20012.
Full textThe rapid growth of the city of Rennes since the Second World War has led to important spatial transformations of the urban morphology : first, a large extension of the suburban area, then a spectacular reorganization of the old urban network. Remote sensing documents are useful to point these evolutions out with objective information. Aerial photographs, with their high spatial resolution, are often used but they can be efficiently completed by satellite images. With a 10-20 m and 30m resolution, Spot and Landsat TM images are compatible with urban studies. An interesting image is obtained by merging a spot panchromatic (10 m) with a Landsat TM high spectral informations. Analysis of these results by photo-interpretation leads to realize an urban morphological map which approaches the quality of the map obtained with aerial photographs. The comparison of images classified with a discriminant analysis, registred at two different dates, highlights the suburban changes. The operation also allows to obtain area measures and to precise the nature of the evolutions. In a final way, remote sensing data can be introduced in a GIS. With other informations sources
Andigué, Job. "Mise en place d'un système d'information géographique comme base d'une stratégie pour une meilleure gestion des espaces ruraux : cas du canton de Bongor rural au sud-ouest du Tchad." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010638.
Full textThe objective to better manage the natural resources existing in the extension command area of the european development fund (edf), located in the Chad basin and comprising a territory of 31 000 km2 with two rivers, the chari and the logone, and the southern banks of the Chad lake, has led us to develop a geographical information system (gis). The locality of bongor has been chosen as a pilot area for this project. The above mentioned objective has been reached due to the application of an original method which has been developed to deal with the eleventh themes necessary to build the geographical data base of the gis. The crossing of thematic maps elaborated on the basis of an analysis of aerial photographs taken in 1974 and of a spot image hrv in 1994 has given new and more accurate information, on the evolution of the natural environment of this area in the past twenty years. Theses documents created with two programs being connected, it was therefore possible to access and use the information stocked in the both. This experiment tested on a large geographical scale can be applied to other rural areas. To ensure the good elaboration and use of such an geographical information, some new propositions have been suggested
Allain, Christine. "Echelles et télédétection : application aux paysages et à l'occupation du sol en Bretagne orientale." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20052.
Full text@Whatever the field studying territories and spaces, the notion of scale is at the center of researches. Though it is very familiar to geographers, it reveals all its complexity in studies made in Remote Sensing. When considering the notions of EIFOV and complementarity between sensor system, researches are carried out about determination of the " limit spatial resolution ", beyond which point information cannot be used any more. So, researches are done about an area presenting a landscape heterogeneity that can be read on different spatial scales so as to make this concept valid. Prior to any study, it is essential to think about the structure of the landscape that is being studied and the precision of the expected nomenclature as well as the availability of Remote sensing data and terrain data, guarantees of an optimum identification of land cover. As spatial analyses at a given date have revealed how limited the determination of land cover was regarding both quantification and precision, temporal analyses have been thought of to solve these problems. This conceptual method has found its application on the demonstration watershed of the " Drains de Rennes I ", within the context of the program of action " Bretagne Eau Pure " relative to the reconquest of the quality of water
Biraud-Burot, Isabelle. "Étudier la ville à travers le prisme de la végétation : nouvelles pratiques, nouveaux apports de la télédétection : Montréal et Paris, terrains d'expérimentation." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040045.
Full textThe city is a miscellany of both constructions and vegetation, generally considered through buildings only : our methodology will propose to tackle it through the vegetal side. However, such an approach means to take tree into account from the city centre to the periphery : satellite imagery is then the only appropriate tool, as it allows to monitor both spatial and environmental distribution of built areas, leading to detection of nearly all part of vegetation overlapped inside. But image processing is restricted due its relatively low spatial resolution when using pertinent sensors; our goal is to overcome such limits by considering overlapping of vegetal and built materials as a constant and developing an easily reusable methodology notwithstanding imagery or cities involved. Development of this methodology was built using specific information on urban vegetation provided by images. In order to get a better understanding of imagery-related information regarding urban areas, specific cities and images have been used, respectively Montreal and Paris and LANDSAT TM and SPOT 4. The same procedure has been applied to both images, with 10-class unsupervised classification, first on raw channels then focusing on various classes due to spatial or radiometric criteria. Classification was followed by a deeper investigation of the results and to a comparable statistical and graphical
Roman, Aurelian-Nicolae. "Entre géosystème et paysages : Une approche multidimensionnelle : la plaine de la Moldavie." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040240.
Full textCritical analysis, innovation and application: these are the three main elements of this work that deals with the study of geosystems and landscapes. The development and description of a new concept and method base for the analysis of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the geosystems and landscapes represents the research object of the first part of the work. Based on a vast bibliography, this work innovates and proposes new ways of approaching the geographical space, in a geo-kinetic and geo-cybernetic perspective. This theoretical approach is systematically followed in the second part of the work, by means of the specific applications for the territory of the Jijia Baseu hilly Plain (or Moldavian Plain). This territory that makes the subject of our research work occupies about 8000 kmø in the northeastern part of Romania and, despite the appearances, it presents a high diversity of the natural components of the geosystem from the point of view of their state, dynamics and spatio-temporal rhythm. Applying both classical research methods as well as the methods developed in this work, we have obtained results which: improve the knowledge on this territory; offer a new perspective on the functional and spatio-temporal dynamics of its components; confirm previous knowledge; allow the establishing of more precise geographical limits. At the same time, the development of the concepts and methods (including the results) presented in this work create new possibilities for further research on he Jijia Baseu hilly Plain and they can be used successfully for the study of other geographical spaces
Champion, Nicolas. "Détection de changement 2D à partir d'imagerie satellitaire : Application à la mise à jour des bases de données géographiques." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05S005.
Full textIn the past few years, 2D topographic databases have been completed in most industrialised countries. Most efforts in National Mapping Agencies are now devoted to the update of such databases. Because it is generally carried out manually, by visual inspection of orthophotos, the updating process is time-consuming and expensive. As a consequence, there is a growing need to automate it i. E. To develop semi-automatic tools that are able to detect the changes in a database from recent remotely-sensed data and to present them to a human operator for verification. In this PhD work, we tackle the particular issue of detecting changes in a 2D building database starting from more recent satellite (Pleiades-HR) images. In addition to input multiscopic satellite images, our method is based on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and a Digital Terrain Model (DTM). The workflow is divided into 2 steps: the verification of the database (Step I) and the detection of new buildings (Step II). The first step is based on robust primitives, correponding to an nDEM (defined as the difference between the DEM and the DTM) or correponding to 2D and 3D linear primitives, extracted from input DEM and satellite images. Two dissimilarity scores (the first score is related to the nDEM; the second one to linear primitives) are then computed and assigned to each building. In the end, the a contrario paradigm is used to detect unchanged buildings: the buildings to be considered changed are inferred from this first set by taking its complementary in the database. Similary to the other methods based on the idea that new buidings correspond to above-ground objects that neither correspond to a building (already described in the database) nor a tree (described in the vegetation mask). This detection is carried out by performing a morphological comparison between the above-ground mask, derived from the nDEM and an initial above-ground mask, derived from the partially updated (Step I) vector database and a vegetation mask, derived from input images. The method was applied to many test areas, very different regarding land use and topography. It was also assessed through the evaluation criteria, introduced and justified during the PhD work. Eventually, sensitivity studies were carried out and highlight the limiting factors to be considered in the future in order to build an operational system for change detection and map updating
Puissant, Anne. "Information géographique et images à très haute résolution : Utilité et applications en milieu urbain." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/PUISSANT_Anne_2003.pdf.
Full textSince the mid 1990s 'INFO-STRATEGY', i. E. The strategic use of Geographic Information, is one of the reliable goals in urban management, planning and sustainable development. Geographic Information requires multisource and multiscale data, updated on a regular basis at appropriate time periods. Earth Observation data-such as aerial photography and satellite image-represent an important source for GI. Recently, the use of Very High Resolution imagery data (VHR - finer than 5m) offers an abundance of numerical information and therefore an important possibility to use GI in decision-making concerning the urban environment. A reflection is thus required in terms of needs rather than supply in order to meet the requirements of localised information on a variety of scales. Moreover, defining the needs of the 'end users' (decision-makers, managers, technicians) corresponds to propose the necessary adjustment to the definition of the capacity of these new sensors. In this context, on the basis of comparisons and surveys of the 'end users' a reference grid defining the needs of GI on a large-scale basis has been established. Some "potential applications" of metric images are highlighted. Tests have been carried out in order to analyse very precisely the benefits of use of these new sensors. An important factor in the increase of spatial resolution is a new vision of the territory that is closer to real-ity. Urban objects are individually recognisable (field of identification) and can be characterised by their components (field of analysis). This superabundance of details disturbs the classical automatic proce-dures of extraction (per pixel classification) and makes complex the attribution of objects to existing nomenclatures. After having tested several traditional algorithms used on HR images, it appears neces-sary to transcribe the rules of identification of urban objects and to integrate them into an 'object-oriented' classification method
Benblidia, Nadjia. "Apport de l'imagerie satellitale multi-résolution pour l'étude de la dynamique urbaine : le cas d'une ville en zone de transition montagne-plaine : Blida (Algérie)." Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120060.
Full textThe present thesis relates to the contribution of the multi-resolution satellitale imagery to comprehension of urban dynamics in zone of transition mountain-plain ; the urban complex of Blida is taken as zone of study. The process of detection of the changes was carried out in several steps of which : the extraction of the urban morphology and the roads networks ; the analysis of the urban space by fusion of spectral and textural information ; the follow up of it urban and peri-urban dynamics by integration of temporal images
Lo, Seen Chong Danny. "Caractérisation du fonctionnement de la végétation à l'échelle régionale en liaison avec l'observation satellitaire : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30023.
Full textSarr, Mamadou Adama. "Évolution récente du climat et de la végétation au Sénégal : cas du Bassin versant du Ferlo." Lyon 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO31058.
Full textUnderstand the evolution and the recent variability of the climate in the arid and semi-arid regions is a necessity in order to anticipate what could be the consequences on the environments and on the societies of those regions, and thus define the strategic politics of sustainable development. To reach that goal, we have organised our research in three parts. The first part treats of the geographical plan through a detailed description of the physical environment and of the different systems of the ground occupation. This description put in evidence a fragile ecosystem under high pressure due to the activities which are employed here. The description summarizes also the middle climate frame by accentuating on the general mechanisms of the general circulation of West Africa which is part of the study zone. The analysis constitutes a recall of the dynamic average global conditions of the climatic tropical field which, in relation with local and regional factors, determines the average components of time in the study field and its margins. The second part concerns the analysis of the spatiotemporal variability on the period going from 1951 until 2005 by putting the accent more on the recorded rainfall than on other climatic parameters such as temperature, evaporation, relative humidity and insulation. But it underlines first the physical and methodological constraints which are compulsory for the statistic analysis of the parameters and justify also the models retained for the use of the database. The analysis of the recorded rainfall results show a high variability, but also a quasi stationarity from the end of the years 1970 and that until the middle of the 1980’s, and since an increase of the annual precipitation volumes on the totality of the study field. Compared to the evolution of other parameters (insulation, temperatures, evaporation and relative humidity), the middle of the 1980’s and the beginning of the years 1990’s appear like a period of trend “break up” justifying the questioning on the persistence or not of the dry trend of the Sahel climate in its totality. The third part starts by the analysis of the evolution of the vegetal production different time scale on the basis of a serie of synthesis images NDVI (Normalized Differential Vegetation Index) of NOAA-AVHRR on the period going from 1981 until 2005. The evaluation of the inter-annual and intra-annual evolution of the vegetal production in relation with the precipitations in the study field demonstrates a good correlation. On the other hand, the anthropic actions, within the framework of execution of the politics of planning disturb this close relation. This situation is put in evidence by the results obtained in the analysis of the cartography of the ground occupation changes between 1990 and 2002. The study conceived on the treatment of the images TM (Thematic Mapper) and ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus) of Landsat in support of the statements of grounds; confirms the human action in the expansion from the bush savannah to arborous. After defining the characteristics, the follow up tool of the vegetation of the sensor SEVIRI of the satellite MSG is proposed. The corroboration of this new product is done on the basis of a comparative study with those of SPOT-VEGETATION and NOAA-AVHRR, frequently used in the scientific field. After a recall of the essential results of the research, the general conclusion insists on the exploration of solutions for water problems, important for a performing agriculture and a reduced mobility of the pastoral activity. And that passes through the multiplication of studies on the climatic variability, mostly on local scale. The general conclusion shows also the necessity of an approach of multi-sensors for the vegetation follow up. Finally, in order to bring more precisions for the comprehension of the thesis, you will find in the appendix elements concerning the characteristics of satellites as well as the sensors used and a study of cross validation on the techniques of spatial interpolation
Méaille, Robert. "Les Systèmes d'Information Géographique : structure, mise en oeuvre et utilisation dans différentes études." Phd thesis, Nice, 1988. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00957266.
Full textGrippa, Taïs. "Very‑high resolution earth observation data and open‑source solutions for mapping urban areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Implementation of an operational framework for production of geoinformation. Application on Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) and Dakar (Senegal)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/284464.
Full textOption Géographie du Doctorat en Sciences
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Alawad, Hiba. "De l'aménagement numérique des territoires à l'intégration du Web dans l'analyse géographique : nouvelles méthodes et perspectives pour les Systèmes d'Information Géographiques (SIG), la cartographie et la télédétection." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00569413.
Full textGodard, V. "Utilisation conjointe de la télédétection et de l'enquête de terrain lors des inventaires d'occupation du sol. Recherche méthodologique appliquée au Sahel sud-mauritanien." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024191.
Full textSako, Nakouma. "Dynamique paysagère et de biodiversité des aires protégées du littoral ivoirien : exemple des parcs nationaux du Banco et des îles Ehotilé (sud-est de la Côte d'Ivoire)." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070076.
Full textIn Côte d'Ivoire, deforestation is an old problem that threatens forests, especially protected areas. In the coastal zone, rapid urbanization, rapid population growths, the economic and industrial development, particularly in Abidjan, have caused rapid deforestation. Destruction of natural environments is at the forefront of the National Parks and Reserves (PNR) policy against deforestation carried out by the government on the national territory, particularly in the littoral zone. This study focuses on national parks and Banco Ehotilé Islands, located in the Ivorian coastal zone. On the one hand, the Banco National Park is located on the outskirts of Abidjan, and it is surrounded by the various districts of the suburbs. Urbanization and pollution caused by human activities are the main threats that cause degradation. On the other side, the National Park of Ehotile Islands is located in a rural area of the Department of Adiake at the mouth of the Aby lagoon in the Atlantic Ocean. This region is characterized by a landscape dominated by agro-industrial plantations, especially oil palm, coconut graves and rubber. This reduces the land within the reach of small farmers and intensifies competition for land. The data used to study the dynamics of the vegetation cover both parks derived from Spot and Landsat satellite images, aerial photographs and our own field observations conducted in 2008 and 2009. These observations are written with the purpose of describing previous samples of vegetation and the other to draw a selective inventory of the flora in national parks. Surveys and interviews are conducted with a sample of 300 residents in the surrounding villages to gather their perceptions on the one hand, and understanding on the other hand their daily practices vis-à-vis forest resources of GNP and the PNIE. Study results show that landscape dynamics differ in the National Parks and Banco Ehotile Islands. Indeed, between 1986 and 2007, in the National Park of Ehotile Islands, the evolution of the vegetation was characterized by a decrease in the dense forest of land for about 49%, while the area covered by the mosaics culture and forest have increased by 156%. In addition, floristic surveys carried out in 123 plots of PNIE helped identify 197 plant species distributed among 64 families and 156 genera. In the park of Banco, unlike Ehotile islands, forest areas have experienced significant growth between 1992 and 2002 where dense closed canopy forests have increased by 115%. The floristic surveys have identified 233 plant species distributed among 73 families and 191 genera. In PNB as PNIE, flora and vegetation are being threatened by human activities including logging for domestic and agriculture
Ndao, Marietou. "Dynamiques et gestion environnementales de 1970 à 2010 des zones humides au Sénégal : étude de l'occupation du sol par télédétection des Niayes avec Djiddah Thiaroye Kao (à Dakar), Mboro (à Thiès et Saint-Louis)." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718050.
Full textTriboulet, Christine. "Les transformations des paysages du diamare et du bassin de la benoue (nord-cameroun) etude a l'aide de l'imagerie spot." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0341.
Full textThe diamare and the benoue basin in north-cameroon are two areas,where landscapes show the considerable anthopic pressur supported by natural environments. Therefore, this study aims at identifying these landscapes and at following their evo eventually check the processes of plant destruction or soil degradation. The satellite imagery was chosen as a method of and completed with field observations. Physical features and human activities are detalled in order to reveal the region concening crops, landscapes or patterns of soil degradation. . . The data analysis is used to sort out the information, to landscapes and to read the most relevant descriptors for remote sensing studies. The images processings are made up of classifications, which suggest a regional distribution, and a diachronic analysis whose results are interesting concerni of seasonal phenomena. Sketches synthetise informations, localize and show the most dynamic landscapes. The results give adequate estimate of harde soils and wams against their actual increasing number. They also allow to realize the spread o mouskouari fields. From a wider point of view,the images prove their validity for regional observation of wooded and cult and to supervise the degraded soils. The knowledge acquired allowed to try extrapolation to the benoue basin, where they images ability to give rapidly information needed by development projects, particularly in areas without mapping data. Th allowed to acquire a good knowledge of north-cameroon, at different scales. Simultaneously,the data analysis led to the d processing and the selection of relevant descriptors for further studies with similar objectives. Remote sensing proved environmental knowledge,information updating and therefore to be used as part of projets conceming the supervision of de the environlental protection,the renewal of resources in developing countries
Hostache, Renaud. "Analyse d’images satellitaires d’inondations pour la caractérisation tridimensionnelle de l’alea et l’aide à la modélisation hydraulique." Paris, ENGREF, 2006. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002016.
Full textThe Thesis aims at deploying methods of flood satellite image analysis beyond 2D flood area delineation in order to estimate water levels and to help hydraulic modelling. Based on Raclot (2003) works with aerial photographs, which provide ±20cm mean uncertainty, the water level estimation method uses satellite RADAR images of flood and a fine DEM. The method is composed of two steps : i) flood cartography and analysis of image hydraulic relevance for water level estimation, ii) fusion between relevant information resulting from the image with a fine Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and constraining the water levels extracted from image by concepts of coherence with respect to a hydraulic flow through a plain. It provides water level estimations with a ±38cm mean uncertainty for a RADARSAT-1 image of a Mosel Flood (1997, France). In addition, validation works with an ENVISAT image of an Alzette river flood (Luxembourg, 2003) allowed us to calculate a Root Mean Square Error of 13 cm on the estimates of water levels. To help hydraulic modelling, the PhD aims at reducing equifinality thanks to satellite images of flood. To meet this aim, a "traditional" step of calibration thanks to hydrographs is completed by comparison between simulation results and flood extends or water levels extracted from images. To deals with calibration uncertainties, Monte-Carlo simulations have been used. In perspective, the results of the thesis imply great benefits for flood evolution forecasting after acquisition of flood satellite images because the use of these images as initial conditions or calibration data provide better-constrained models
Yengué, Jean-Louis. "L’évolution du couvert ligneux dans l'extrême-nord du Cameroun : utilisation de la photographie aérienne et de l'imagerie satellitaire." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010661.
Full textGüttler, Fábio Nór. "Les eaux du delta du Danube : approche géographique par télédétection satellitaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790716.
Full textMarshall, Anaïs. "S'approprier le désert. Agriculture mondialisée et dynamiques socio-environnementales sur le piémont côtier du Pérou. Le cas des oasis de Viru et d'Ica-Villacuri." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00568044.
Full textLaunay, Monique. "La pollution agricole diffuse par l'azote sur le bassin versant de l'Elorn : diagnostic du risque par agrégation de données à différentes échelles." Rennes 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN20016.
Full textEffective policy selection to protect water resource from nitrate contamination requires means to appreciate and follow their effects on farms and water. To help local policy makers, who are trying to improve water quality in the "rade de Brest", a method to determine nitrogen pollution risk has been developed for the Elorn catchment area, in an intensive breeding area. The pollution risk index results of the combination of a pollutant pressure index with a land vulnerability index. It takes into account both aspects of diffuse pollution phenomenon : production and transport. The risk index is build by integrating and crossing in a GIS physical and agricultural pratices data. Those data come from the detailed study of an experimental catchment area, Kerouallon basin, located on an Elorn's affluent. The risk index is validated with a leaching model (burns), which is able to describe nitrogen flow at the outlet of the catchment. The risk index allows to determine a diffuse pollution level on the experimental catchment. It is applicable in intensive breeding areas with oceanic climate. The extrapolating method of the risk index is based on a data aggregation and an information simplification, according to the data available at Elorn scale. Remote sensing is used to describe land use which is integrated in the simplified risk index. The GIS allows to verify data accuracy. The risk index is calculated on several Elorn's under catchment areas, and validated with nitrogen concentrations of each catchment. The simplified risk index allows to classify basins in a priority order for the application of reducing non point source pollution policies