Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Géographie théorique et quantitative'
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Cuyala, Sylvain. "Analyse spatio-temporelle d'un mouvement scientifique : l'exemple de la géographie théorique et quantitative européenne francophone." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010595/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to implement a spatio-temporal analysis of a scientific movement based on a sociological theory (Frickel, Gross, 2005), combined with spatial analysis. This combination constitutes the major contribution of the present work. For this analysis, the author has chosen as a subject the European French-speaking theoretical and quantitative geography, whose temporal evolution and spatial configuration remained largely unknown until now. The thesis uses two main kinds of materials: archival (Répertoire des géographes, journals, lists of communications of TQG colloquium) and memorial with 58 semi-structured interviews collected from a sample of actors of the movement. The analysis of the corpus combines quantitative methods (from graph theory to the analysis of geographical units’ specialization), and qualitative ones (thematic and semantic analysis of the corpus and interviews of actors). This investigation has allowed us to propose a periodization of the movement since its beginnings in the 1960’s organized around three main periods: 1. the emergence, from 1971-72 to 1984, involving a small number of actors and locations, and while individual researchers interact in order to give themselves a self training, 2. the Golden Age, from 1985 to the end of the 1990’s, marked by the formation of organized groups based on many interactions between French-speaking places in Europe, self reproducing and spreading. 3. The generalization of the knowledge core which is accompanied by a decline in identification with the movement, from the 2000’s to the present, according to many reconfigurations including the disappearance of certain historical centres
Beauguitte, Laurent. "L'Assemblée générale de l'ONU de 1985 à nos jours : acteur et reflet du Système-Monde. Essai de géographie politique quantitative." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634403.
Full textEnault, Cyril. "Vitesse, accessibilité et étalement urbain ; analyse et application à l'aire urbaine dijonnaise." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006172.
Full textIbrahim, Dalia. "Etude théorique d'indicateurs d'analyse technique." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919102.
Full textBataillon, Thomas. "Mutation spontanée et gestion des ressources génétiques : approches théorique et expérimentale sur le blé dur (triticum durum)." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INAP0041.
Full textLAGUE, Dimitri. "Dynamique de l'érosion continentale aux grandes échelles de temps et d'espace : modélisation expérimentale, numérique et théorique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003948.
Full textCurchod, Corentin. "Commerce électronique et nouvelles configurations de marché: une approche théorique des stratégies d'intermédiation." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000828.
Full textLaforet, Valérie. "Etude chromatographique de phénomènes de coalescence. Techniques d'espace de tête : contribution aux aspects théorique et pratique des méthodes de quantification." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES051.
Full textTroufleau, Pascal. "La diffusion de l'habitat et sa réglementation." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010511.
Full textThe spread of urbanization is not only a matter of soil consumption or of propensity for detached houses. The regional traditions of settlement, the forms of urbanization, the type of localization and the geographical location act on the process and are part of the phenomenon. The small towns of Picardy, for instance, build more or less houses, according to the nearness of Paris. But the local consumption of space is also determined by the socioeconomic features, the types of planning permision petitioner and the use of development plans. The geographical consequences of these ones are important because of their present generalization. But they are inappropriate in the cases of low dynamism and in the rural districts. As a matter of fact, it's the local level of the French development plans which poses a problem for an harmonious spread of urbanization and which hinders a good adaptation of the land supply to the regional demand for housing
Vernier, Marie-France. "Essor des recettes en devises et intervention de l'Etat : le syndrome rentier : approches dans le cas égyptien." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024133.
Full textMorin, Olivier. "La transmission culturelle : questions philosophiques et méthodes quantitatives dans l'étude des traditions." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0057.
Full textWhy are there traditions - ideas and practices whose diffusion reaches far and wide in time or space, by way of transmission from one individual to others ? Cognitive approaches of culture have focused above all on the mechanisms that ensure accurate transmission - like teaching, imitation or memorisation. This work explores another possibility : a tradition's diffusion does not depend on the faithfulness with which it is transmitted or retained. Its chief cause is the quantity of transmission episodes that a given tradition is able to provoke. In order to reach this conclusion, the dissertation combines questions coming from the philosophy of social sciences with a range of quantitative methods : the experimental method as used by psychologists, mathematical modelling, and quantitative cultural history. One of its conclusions is that the main mechanism of cultural transmission used in our species is not imitation, nor teaching, but communication. Communication rests on our (possibly unique) ability to understand recursive intentions and make them manifest. It is not particularly faithful. How can a tradition be widely diffused when its transmission lacks fidelity? A theory is presented, that specities in which conditions a great quantity of transmission episodes may compensate the poor quality of the transmission mechanisms used at each step. We have used it, for example, to propose a quantitative model that explains the conservation of traditions in children's peer cultures
Boutry, Ornella. "Agriculture et Environnement : une analyse néo-institutionnelle de l'évolution des pratiques agricoles. Le cas de la gestion quantitative de la ressource en eau en Charente-Maritime." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655767.
Full textGuillemin, Pierre. "Les mondes légumiers et maraîchers en Normandie : hétérogénéité sociale et renouvellement de filières agricoles et alimentaires." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC024.
Full textEmblematic sectors of the coasts of western France and peri-urban areas, vegetable production and farming are undergoing some major transformations : agribusiness integration, internationalization of markets, phytosanitary regulation, increased need for hired labor, installation outside the family-owned organisation, development of organic farming and short food supply chain food territorialization.Faced with the recent changes impacting this historically diversified productive sector, this social geography work is based on a typology of farms at the scale of Lower Normandy, resulting from the multivariate statistical analysis of the Agricultural Census, and complemented by a regional press review. The field survey complements the methodological approach in order to link the structural study to the functional analysis of farming systems. The results constitute a prerequisite for the analysis of the sectors through the localized coordination of market gardening and vegetable farms in the form of zones (peri-urban productions) or (micro) agricultural production basins (Créançais and Val de Saire, Baie du Mont-Saint- Michel, Lingreville, Plaine de Caen and Perche Ornais). Complementedby field surveys, the diachronic and systemic analysis of these localized agrifood systems reveals varied productive trajectories between adaptation, crisis, reconversion and emergence. These dynamics arise from the interrelationships between local agricultural worlds, rural and urban worlds which take place at different scales, from the localized production region to the political region, and according to national and supranational political and economic frameworks.The thesis analyzes vegetable basins or market production areas as a constituent element of different types of localized social spaces. The socio-territorial configurations identified define contexts of socialization with different class relations. Based on interviews, direct and participatory observations and ethnographic immersions, the thesis sheds light on the stratification of the vegetable and market growing worlds in Lower Normandy, from established fractions of the agricultural bourgeoisie and others in the process of gentrification, up to to the professionalization of popular vegetable practices, through the fractions of a degraded or renewed bourgeoisie. These different agricultural fractions are not considered or integrated in the same way by local public policies for land use planning and economic development. Moreover, the greater or lesser weight of these groups in the local space is the product of small-scale political and economic strategies. As a result, certain basins constitute popular places in the territory of agribusiness companies
Morcrette, Quentin. "Tracer la route : les cartes d'itinéraire du papier à l'écran, usages et représentations : contribution pour une étude diachronique comparée (France/Etats-Unis)." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2138/document.
Full textDigital technologies deeply change the way in which societies grasp their environment and represent space Cartography is not exempt from these changes, maps are more widespread than ever and are being used for new purposes. Among them, the use of route specific maps, made easier by technical and technological developments. Many online maps are used for itineraries, and most of them come from United States-based corporations.These observations raise the questions of how to understand this specific use of maps when put in a chronological and comparative perspective ? Is this an innovation or rather an actualization of a previous type of mapping practice ? What is the status of these itineraries when studied in a multifaceted perspective ?This research addresses these questions using three main approches : cartobibliographical, semiological and processual, and relying on extensive map collections from the Bibliothèque nationale de France and the Newberry Library. The main results bring new insights on the changes taking place with the transition from a primarily paper cartography to a primarily on-screen cartography and call for a redefinition of the status of maps in the digital era
Orsier, Bruno. "Etude et application de systèmes hybrides neurosymboliques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005057.
Full textGraff, Kevin. "Contribution à la cartographie multirisques de territoires côtiers : approche quantitative des conséquences potentielles et des concomitances hydrologiques (Normandie, France) Analysis and quantification of potential consequences in multirisk coastal context at different spatial scales (Normandy, France) Characterization of elements at risk in the multirisk coastal context and at different spatial scales: Multi-database integration (normandy, France)." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC001.
Full textThe coastal environment in Normandy is conducive to a convergence of multiple hazards (erosion, marine submersion, flooding by overflowing streams or upwelling of a water table, turbid flooding by runoff, coastal or continental slope movement). Because of their interface positions, important regressive dynamics go between the marine and continental processes. This interaction will occur within the slopes and valleys where coastal populations and their activities have tended to become more densified since the 19th century. In this context, it is necessary to adopt a multi-hazard and multi-risk approach considering the spatial or temporal confluence of several hazards and their possible cascading effects and to assess the multi-sector impacts generated. by these vagaries.As part of this thesis, as well as in the ANR RICOCHET program, three study sites were selected at the outlet of the coastal rivers: from Auberville to Pennedepie, from Quiberville to Dieppe and from Criel-sur-Mer to Ault due to significant issues and strong interactions between hydrological and gravitational phenomena. Two main objectives have been carried out: (1) an methodological development on analyses of potential consequences by considering all the elements at risk within a study territory through a multiscaling approach; (2) an analysis of hydrological concomitances through a both statistical and spatial approach
Gaudin, Théophile. "Développement de modèles QSPR pour la prédiction et la compréhension des propriétés amphiphiles des tensioactifs dérivés de sucre." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2318/document.
Full textSugar-based surfactants are the main family of bio-based surfactants and are good candidates as substitutes for petroleum-based surfactants, since they originate from renewable resources and can show as good as, or even better, performances in various applications, such as detergent and cosmetic formulation, enhanced oil or mineral recovery, etc. Different amphiphilic properties can characterize surfactant performance in such applications, like critical micelle concentration, surface tension at critical micelle concentration, efficiency and Kraft point. Predicting such properties would be beneficial to quickly identify surfactants that exhibit desired properties. QSPR models are tools to predict such properties, but no reliable QSPR model was identified for bio-based surfactants, and in particular sugar-based surfactants. During this thesis, such QSPR models were developed. A reliable database is required to develop any QSPR model. Regarding sugar-based surfactants, no database was identified for the targeted properties. This motivated the elaboration of the first database of amphiphilic properties of sugar-based surfactants. The analysis of this database highlighted various empirical relationships between the chemical structure of these molecules and their amphiphilic properties, and enabled to isolate the most reliable datasets with the most homogeneous possible protocol, to be used for the development of the QSPR models. After the development of a robust strategy to calculate molecular descriptors that constitute QSPR models, notably relying upon conformational analysis of sugar-based surfactants and descriptors calculated only for the polar heads and for the alkyl chains, different QSPR models were developed, validated, and their applicability domain defined, for the critical micelle concentration, the surface tension at critical micelle concentration, the efficiency and the Kraft point. For the three first properties, good quantitative models were obtained. If the quantum chemical descriptors brought a significant additional predictive power for the surface tension at critical micelle concentration, and a slight improvement for the critical micelle concentration, no gain was observed for efficiency. For these three properties, simple models based on constitutional descriptors of polar heads and alkyl chains of the molecule (like atomic counts) were also obtained. For the Krafft point, two qualitative decision trees, classifying the molecule as water soluble or insoluble at room temperature, were proposed. The use of quantum chemical descriptors brought an increase in predictive power for these decision trees, even if a quite reliable model only based on constitutional descriptors of polar heads and alkyl chains was also obtained. At last, we showed how these QSPR models can be used, to predict properties of new surfactants before synthesis in a context of computational screening, or missing properties of existing surfactants, and for the in silico design of new surfactants by combining different polar heads with different alkyl chain
Sené, Sylvain. "Sur la bio-informatique des réseaux d'automates." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759287.
Full textAsses, Yasmine. "Conception par modélisation et criblage in silico d'inhibiteurs du récepteur c-Met." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653609.
Full textFarram, El Mustapha. "Vers la reconversion industrielle d'une région-ressource : contexte théorique et empirique de la création et de l'évolution de soccrent au Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean." Thèse, 1996. http://constellation.uqac.ca/1147/1/1527003.pdf.
Full textVinet, Nicolas. "Mécanismes de solidification des magmas basaltiques : étude quantitative texturale et géochimique des laves du volcan Kilauea, Hawaii." Thèse, 2010. http://constellation.uqac.ca/244/1/030165677.pdf.
Full textCouloigner, Isabelle. "Reconnaissance de formes dans des images de télédétection du milieu urbain." Phd thesis, 1998. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00948036.
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