Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Géographie urbaine'
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Belarabi, Mokhtar. "Kénitra du Rharb : étude de géographie urbaine." Bordeaux 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR30027.
Full textDeveloped by colonization, kenitra bears the stigmas of this institution. On collective fields, the protectorate authorities established a tripartite land apportionment: the europeans and indigenous housing on the one hand, segregated by military buildings. The spatial development vill stress and perpetuate the "kenitra, colonial city" aspect. This situation lasted until the 80's when a realization of new districts , real replica of the original scheme, took place on the occidental margins of the lyautean city. Kenitra always attracted migrants, which can only be partly explained by historical and economic circumstances, through it has only a river harbor in diificulty and few industrial units of national importance. Modern industrial employment remains reduced, while the services offert most of the employment. The population densities and revenue distributions is significant : the most comfortables wages go to the smallest densities. In the rharb's urban structure, kenitra occupies the first rank on the demographic, economic or administrative levels. Kenitra owes this situation to its past and to the post-independance national contingency. Owing to its localization, kenitra remains an inevitable passage way between
Zerhouni, Mohammed. "Sefrou (Maroc) : géographie d'une croissance urbaine spontanée." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF20051.
Full textIn this theses, the author analyses the recent urban growth of a medium size moroccan town : sefrou (50. 000 inhabitants in 1992), the specific mechanisms of this growth lead us to say that sefrou obeys to a process of self-urbanization where opportunism and spontaneity prevail, both at the level of real estate and construction. On the one hand, most of the land where houses have already been built in accordance with regulations or illegally, was plotted directly by its owners. The latters are often born of old peasant families from sefrou who transformed their farming land into building land in order to improve thein living standards (extra-muros residences, monthly revenues from rents). On the other hand, the plots generated from these family operation exceeding the needs of the operations are sold to households from sefrou and also to immigrants. In the absence of necessary financial means, these people carry out the building operations by themselves in the town centre where constructing is regularized as well as in the outskirts where it is not
Benslimane, Nouzha. "L'organisation urbaine du Grand Casablanca." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010647.
Full textRenaud-Delaforge, Karine. "Prague 1930-1995 : essai de géographie sociale urbaine." Le Mans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LEMA0001.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is the social division and evolution of prague between 1930 and 1995. This research task poses the problem of the effect of political and economic systems and the historical heritage on this division. It shows that, during the pre-socialist period, liberal policies gave rise to strong distinctions linked to labour classification, "ethnic" and religious categories. During the socialist period, the social division was less important. However, there were differences between the old and the recently built districts. In fact, these policies did not entirely transform the previous social and economic structures of the city. The 1991'census shows homogeneity in the spatial distribution of prague's population. But the czech socio-economic situation has changed since 1990 : prague's population has become increasingly segmented. The housing policies increase these divisions. The heterogeneity of the residential stock and the extension of the private market tend to push back the most underprivileged populations towards the residential area built during the socialist period and to concentrate the most privileged population in the central sectors or in the villages attached to prague in 1968 or the 1990 are characterized by the occidentalization of this town. But the spatial segmentation poses a certain number of problems
Levasseur, Fabrice. "Les cavistes à Paris : étude de géographie urbaine." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040275.
Full textThe wine shops account for a very small part of the detail shops in Paris. However, they belong to the urban background, participating to the life of the streets where they are located and reflecting the purchases of the local population. The study of their implementation in the Parisian space shows the relations that link them to the urban environment and its various components (buildings, population, economic activities)
Hafez, Hisham Mahmoud. "La coordination urbaine dans les villes nouvelles d'Egypte : Gestion du développement urbain et planification urbaine." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070002.
Full textNew cities are one of the means to reach development. The Egyptian government has adopted it since the 70s to reply to the different demographic problems, urban and economic. Today, 24 years after the creation of the first new city and the foundation of 18 new cities, many objectives are not finished and several problems persist in new cities. Through the analysis of the existent situation, oe finds that the process adopted by the ministry of the construction in the new city planning cannot insure a real development. The analysis of the different experiences in the framework of new cities allows to determine some elements that can guarantee the success of development in new cities, among the most important, we can quote administrative factors. The evaluation of the process adopted in Egypt shows that it does not include administrative aspects and concentrate on urban aspects. For this reason, our research proposes a new process based on the integration between the administration and the urban planning. It adopts management of the urban development as an approach of the urban planning of new cities that can comprise the different administrative, urban, social, economic, political, environmental aspects. .
Comelli, Cécilia. "Mutations urbaines et géographie de la nuit à Bordeaux." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30040.
Full textThis thesis spawns from two observations: firstly, that 'the night' has rarely been subject to research in geography or the social sciences, and secondly, that Bordeaux city center, in the image of other old city centers, is undergoing important transformations. In the last twenty years most towns and cities have been subject to revitalization via political policies of “heritagization”. This trend also underlies the great urban project initiated in Bordeaux by Alain Juppe in 1995. The central problematic to this thesis is, therefore, to understand the role and the impacts of urban changes on the nocturnal geography of Bordeaux. Initially, it is necessary to examine these changes and their consequences of on the nightlife of Bordeaux, followed by a study of how the geography of the night manifests itself in Bordeaux. Can it be said that Bordeaux is moving towards and 24hour society, or does the night remain a frontier?
Robineau, Ophélie. "Vivre de l'agriculture dans la ville africaine : une géographie des arrangements entre acteurs à Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917958.
Full textForriez, Maxime. "Caractérisation formelle des structures multi-échelles géographiques en relativité d’échelle : exemples en géographie physique, géographie urbaine, géohistoire et géographie du peuplement." Thesis, Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG1084/document.
Full textThe most obvious characteristic of the terrestrial interface is its heterogeneity. Phenomenologically, this one, human or natural, show limits that define the forms deployed in geographic space. These limits are certainly due to temporal dynamic, all as much as a scale dynamic. This one is manifested in the possible relationships and variables that exist between scales inasmuch as every scale can no conceive than relative to another that is used as reference. This leads to the scale relativity (SR) which should allow to define intrinsically the geographical space. The first objective is to show the possibility of using SR in geography. At the heart of the SR, we found that fractal geometry is indispensable to try to understand the organization in the scales of the world. So far fractals no were used than as a tool of describing more or less relevant. In SR, the fractal forms become a consequence of a formal space intrinsically irregular. The fractality can be thus a way of understanding of the world using the space of scales, that is to say its resolutions. The central objective of this study is thus to build a general fractal methodology necessary under investigation of an unspecified morphology through various examples resulting from the physical geography, the urban geography, the geohistory and the geography of the settlement. The final objective is to lead to solutions formal accessible at a broad community from geographers, which is not the case of the theory of the R.E in its current formalism. From an epistemological point of view, the development in geography of the R.E raises the question of the Re-naturalization of this discipline of the human and social sciences and of the constitution in analytical science, therefore more largely to propose a new definition of the geography
Forriez, Maxime. "Caractérisation formelle des structures multi-échelles géographiques en relativité d'échelle : exemples en géographie physique, géographie urbaine, géohistoire et géographie du peuplement." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691773.
Full textLeksono, Bambang-Edhi. "Evolution urbaine du district de Nouakchott (Mauritanie) A l'aide d'images spot multidates." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE2003.
Full textThe process of uncontrolled development within urban areas in the most of developing countries generate plenty of the serious problems. These problems will concern to urban planning and the developing infrastructures. The evolution speed of urban growth and the lack of tools available to control development in general for most of developing countries, require some methodes rapid for analysing the urban information with low cost achievement. The mauritanie has been the one of ten territories in this part of the world which highly urbanised with the growth rate of urban population was more than 10% per year for last two decade. In order to control or monitor the urbanisation rapid on this district, the survey of urban evolution has been done since the year of 1980 to 1992. This urban evolution was well monitored by using spot image panchromatic multidates between 1987-1992 and also the use of digitised topographic map of ign 1980. The methods used are the integration of image processing system for remotely sensed data and the geographic information system (gis) in order to be able to apply globally on the spatially referenced information system. The images processing analysis allows to extract some urban informations of each stage of the urban evolution in geographical data base, and by analysing the different stages of urban growth, we could apply certain model to locate the suitable zones for urbanisation. The results of this research were the thematic maps which allow to analyse the evolutions of urban area occupation environment within this district of nouakchott between 1980 and 1992. By using this results, it could be used for urban planning considerartions and decisions
Bretagnolle, Anne. "Les systèmes de villes dans l'espace-temps : effets de l'accroissement des vitesses de déplacements sur la taille et l'espacement des villes." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010518.
Full textThe studies of urban systems dynamics point out the concentration of the population in more and more big cities. One of the most significant factors which are suggested to explain this process is the increase of speed of transportation means. Taking into consideration that all inhabited places are "brought together" in a relative manner, we may assume that smaller cities are affected in their functions as stopping places in the exchange networks, or as exchanging points of goods and services for the local and surrounding population. The study of the evolution of french cities accessibility, between 1830 and 1990, shows that those which have lost accessibility are, in majority, small size agglomerations, and that they are characterized by a relative decline in the years following this period. In the same way, if we delimit the complementary region of central places by a threshold of two hours of accessibility, in the french departments of drome and ardeche during the xixth and the xxth century, we can establish that the smaller cities enter a phase of relative decline after being captured in the zone of influence of a bigger one, except if they are located in the industrial valley of rhone. In a european scale, the space of exchanges is also significantly modified by the change of speed, cost and facility of transportation. If we estimate the relative position of cities, using the model of population potentials and weighting the distances by speed and cost of transportation, we show that the cities which have the higher potentials correspond, from the XIIIth to the XVIIIth century, to the "centers of world-economy", identified by f. Braudel, and, at the XIXth and the XXth century, to the cities which compose the megalopolitan dorsal going from london to milan. Finally, fitting the distributions of french city sizes by a lognormal and a pareto law, we find that the concentration of the urban population has been decreased since 1975. However, we assume that this phenomenon has not to be interpreted as a break in urban evolution, but that it results from the choice of the definition of the city in France
Barre, Josette. "La colline de la Croix-Rousse : histoire et géographie urbaine." Lyon 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO31007.
Full textCroix-rousse hill in lyon is an example of dissymmetrical urban landscape, alike those found in anciently urbanized cities. The east end, older, with many streets often narrow and with older more popular constructions opposes the west end, spread out, residential and much greener. This dissymmetry is not due to natural conditions of the site; it is the outcom of historical events. For the first fifteen centuries a. D. , the hill is sparsely populated. In the first century a. D. It has two national monuments. In the middle ages the hill is still mostly rural and yet dirt roads leading to lyon are allready denser in the east end. From the 16th century to the beginning of french revolution it is an area around the great town. It receives fortifications, public buildings, market-gardens, country houses and convents. The hill becomes an area for land investments: the bourgeoisie buys out the east end while the nobility occups the west end. The only true extension of the city is the area around the main road leading to town. During the first half of 19th century and countrary to what is expected, the hill is rapidly urbanized
Chikhr, Saïdi Fatiha. "L'eau à Alger : ressources, distribution, consommation. Etude de géographie urbaine." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20049.
Full textThe recent period of dryness in maghreb (1981-1986) attracted the attention on the rarety of water. Indispensable element to life, water is a factor limitating a country's development. So, algiers like many other mediterranean cities, is submitted to physical natural constraints characterized by interseasonal and interannual climatic variations (600 mm annual precipitations) which have consequences upon exploitable resources and, therefore, water distribution of the 2 millions citizens. The algiers's growth increases its water needs and the result is an inadequacy between the supply and demand. The water shortage, in the past arusing out, became structural. The research is divided in 3 parts. The first part (105 p) concerns the mobilization of the water resources and the distribution, the administration of the drinkable water. The absence of local water resources makes algiers a dependant zone for its supplying water of its hinterland and of the border areas. The second part (119 p), by using the available statistics, analyses the water consumption in algiers and the problem of competition for the use of water in the region. The theme of unequal distribution of water in the urban space is also treated, a theme which is more widely analysed in the third part (84 p). The survey of the consumption habits of water is realized from an inquiry upon 93 women living in 3 different parts of algiers (hydra, belfort, casbah). The purpose of this survey is to show how the households absorb water in their daily life, the consequences of water rationing and the fundamental role of women in the daily administration of water
Audren, Gwenaëlle. "Géographie de la fragmentation urbaine et territoires scolaires à Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3017/document.
Full textThis dissertation aims at describing the forms of urban fragmentation in Marseille as well as its socio-spatial consequences through the modalities of school supply at the middle-school level (collège) and the practices of choosing schools for 6th graders (élèves de sixième), at various levels, in 2006 and 2009. School mapping (carte scolaire) imposes to families a neighborhood middle school, but in the face of important socio-spatial reconfigurations affecting the entire city of Marseille, discrepancies between schools, parent’s pedagogical expectations and local schooling conditions widen. The study focuses on the one hand on the quantification and localization of the phenomenon of school dodging (évitement scolaire) in Marseille, and on the other on the detailed analysis of territorial contexts, where several types of schooling strategies develop. Strong differentiations and quick urban socio-territorial recompositions in Marseille imply heterogeneous school practices illustrating the widening of socio-residential inequalities in the city and representing excellent markers to probe into increasing urban fragmentation. An analysis of the strategies of different institutional and individual actors allows one to grasp the mecanisms of production of a systemic, top-down school space. The territorial approach is largely valued here and the analysis of local contexts underlines the existence of multiple, differentiated school territories
Molyvdis, Christos. "Formes urbaines et production de l'espace. : L'exemple de Thessalonique (Grèce). : Essai de géographie sociale urbaine." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN1295.
Full textGiraudo, Marie-Dominique. "Espace urbain : image mentale et déformation fonctionnelle." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10054.
Full textTime, distance (straight-line and travel distance) and location estimations allowed us to study the coding of spatial information, with emphasis on the structure and content of the coding and involved cognitive tools. In adults, space representation is closer to a form of representation built from actual displacements than to a map-like mental image. The representation is functionally distorted for and by action. Theorical and practical implications of this research are discussed, concerning in particular the automation of cognitive processes in space learning
Suire, Raphaël. "Réseaux sociaux et géographie économique : agglomération, information et trajectoire de développement." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10004.
Full textThis work enlighten regional leader about the possibility to put the "territoire en mouvement" when these one are collectively subject to self-organization forces. We use an analytical framework based on social networks dynamic and individual situated rationality. We draw two main conclusions. Optimal spatial matching is a crucial function of the composition of social networks (diversity). A social position at the interface of the information sources (a social frontier) gives the attribute od a critical agent. This one can stimulate collective spatial dynamic. These results lay the foundations of a new leverage for regional leader. Since, the position of a territory inside rank-size hierarchy determines its attractivity, i. E. An ex ante diffusion od site's characteristics, dynamic location rely on social networks especially as territory is peripherical. Finally, we formulate recommandations for a situates regional politic based on a mix of financial as well as informational incentives
Villepontoux, Stéphane. "Sur l'idée de mobilité en géographie." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30075.
Full textSpace is not given, it is always to be ran. That's our paradigm of the beginning. In this vision, mobility is regarded as an important geaographical's concept. To assure onself of this, we must remember that aptitude to move is an indispensable faculty of human beings, a requirement for the survival of society and a determining factor to its developpement. In regard to our urban world, where interactions between man and space are quite complicated, concept of mobility is uppermost in our mind. To better understand which problems this notion is being solved, we're giving our theoretical model of human mobility. In our findings, mobility serve actors's interests and plans. But the potential and the will of these actors appear quite different. To analyse these differences, our study shows how every actor organize and conceive the links between mobility and territory and how these different strategies are taking place into urban space, and in the matter, help us to understand
Djament-Tran, Géraldine. "La reproduction de la centralité romaine de la "Ville Eternelle" à la capitale de l'Italie : essai de géohistoire urbaine." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070038.
Full textThis essay in geo-history examines the long-term permanency of the Etemal City's centrality, using an interdisciplinary methodology based on a systemic periodization and a comparison of the main territorial transitions that punctuate the city's trajectory. The early modem era renovation is thus contrasted with the bifurcation constituted by the passage of Rome to the status of capital of Italy. The debate on Rome capital (1861-1870) is analysed from a rereading of parliamentary acts, leading to an outline of a general geo-history of capitals. A third part assesses the evolution of the Capital effect and the various components of Roman centrality from 1871 to 2000. The thesis thus highlights reproductive spatial and territorial logics, more particularly characterised in the Roman case by the exploitation of the Ancient past and by the weight of the urban image. It also analyses their malfunctioning after 1870, due to the absence of real policy for the capital and the deterioration of its image. The thesis suggests the concept of spatial reproduction to account for the active rôle of space in social reproduction and for the dialectic of Same and Other which presides over geographical change
Akono, Kabeyene David. "Le sport à Toulouse : activités, pratiques, équipements : étude de géographie urbaine." Toulouse 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU20063.
Full textBoutaleb, Sabah. "Les petites agglomérations du Sais : étude typologique." Tours, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOUR4504.
Full textThe study is about the small towns of the sais; ain taoujtat; sabaa aioun, boufekrane, haj kaddour; tnine mhaya; ain chegag and ain chkef. These centres were created in their quasi-totality by the colonisation. Then after, their respective evolution depended on their situations with regard to the different ways of communication. Their economic fondations though erregular, they are in general fragile enough. The urban fact is also not infrequently elaborated there. The competition to which the two cities (fes and meknes) make there subdue, disturbed their developement and prevents them from taking root in their countryside, and explains the gaps that characterise the urban regional armature
Befene-Bibang, Félix. "Etude urbaine d'Oyem : Ville du nord-Gabon." Bordeaux 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR30030.
Full textOyem, a northern gabonese town is located in woleu-ntem province it stratches over 1,300 hectares on an area of hills, ridges and streams. It is a former military post founded in 1904 and became town in 1962. Oyem has 18 districts now. The city center is not only the administrative center, but also the commercial and the residential one. The working-class districts made up of former traditional villages, are areas of anarchic land occupations and precarious buildings. Telephone, electricity and water networks are deficient there. Public high way is defective ans social equipments are not sufficient. All these problems require for oyem a plan of land occupation, a guiding urban planing with appropriated financial means. This town has 18,000 inhabitants. The native fang represent 83% of the population. The whole population is composed of 63% of teen-agers, 52% of women and 10% of unemployed people. Woleu-ntem agricultural area produces 110,000 tons of supplies and 3,500 tons of cocoa and coffee a year. Small and middle-size industries, trades and transportations are underdeveloped and not well organized. Thanks to its services and administrative equipments, oyem is the county-town of the whole northern gabon
Blidon, Marianne. "Distance et rencontre : éléments pour une géographie des homosexualités." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070045.
Full textIn the fields of urban sociology, homosexuality has been approached as a specific way of life that, on the one hand, makes use of specific urban faciMes, spots and districts and, on the other hand, is driven by residential preferences in the city centre, in order to escape presumably hostile environments such as rural settings and small cities. Such approaches assume that metropolitan settings are places of freedom, providing tolerance, preserving anonymity and allowing access to amenities. These understandings lead to an essentialize notion of the city and, moreover, to represent homosexuality as being inextricably related with the city. Indeed, as pointed by queer critics, such representations of the urban homosexual way of life correspond to the dominant white middle-class man. In this paper, we argue that a better start should be the very notion of a "discreditable social identity" in order to correctly grasp the emergence of specifically gay districts and amenities, stemming from the dominant (hetero)sexual norm, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, from the need to meet peers. A survey has been passed on a sample of 3 500 gays through an internet site. Results provide supportive evidence that age, skills and place of residence do not play a major role in differentiating representations and uses of gay facilities Furthermore, migration paths appear to be highly differentiated according to city size and number of steps. Tension between discretion - as a norm - and the need to meet peers is less frequently managed by distance from family environments, more frequently by a constant, daily, reappraisal of social distance
Avgerinou-Kolonias, Sofia. "La transformation d'un village agricole en ville industrielle : Ptolémai͏̈s : Macédoine : Grèce." Paris, EHESS, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986EHES0057.
Full textThe present study examines the forms, modes and transformation mechanisms occurring in turning an agricultural village into a contemporaneous mining and industrial town (1951-1981). The evolution concerned results from the hellenic state's post-war decision to promote national electrification proceeds by exploiting ptolemais lignite basin. According to the opinion that containing space is formed under combined functionning of the economy, society and state, partial hypotheseis are formulated. The urban characteristics of ptolemais built space, the demographic increase and changes occurring in the demographic behaviour are considered as detectors and consequences of the local economy and society transformations. The economic mechanism seems to form the principal factor of the ptolemais society and space changes. The local investigation, covering the period 1951-1981, proves that the energy industry puts aside agriculture from the local economy. The traditional agricultural profession is, therefore, replaced by salaried employment which attracts in-migrants from other areas and the town population is trebled. From the factors stated above, a change in the local society is ensued, and this also becomes evident from the live mo. .
Boffet, Annabelle. "Méthode de création d'informations multi-niveaux : pour la généralisation cartographique de l'urbain." Marne-la-Vallée, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0118.
Full textFrankhauser, Pierre. "La fractalité des structures urbaines." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010558.
Full textUrban patterns show often an irregular morphology. The fact that this phenomenon appears often despite of the intensions of planers and that it is not related to a particular historical situation, incites to suppose the existence of self-organisation process, promoting such an evolution. To get more insight in these aspects of urban growth, it has been investigated, whether there exists appropriated quantitative measures to characterize the irregular structures. The analysis of the build-up area of a certain number of agglomerations of the scale of metropolitan areas has shown, that the urban patterns follow an interior order principle, and that they may be characterized by fractal dimensions. Thus the spatial organization of agglomerations follows a hierarchization principle, which appears on the scale of metropolitan areas as a radial dilution of the build-up area, according to a pareto-distribution. The fact that urban patterns follow such an order principle allowed to give an interpretation, based on sociological theories, of the socio-economic interactions giving rise to such an irregular growth. For some of these interactions it has been shown by use of a simulation model that these effects give really rise to a fractal urban pattern. The fractal analysis has been used too, to investigate the spatial organization of transportation networks. For town quarters, this method describes the hierarchical organization of the street pattern, and for metropolitan areas the accessibility, assured by the network, is measured
Haddad, Yaël. "Approche du fonctionnement et de la gestion des plantations d'arbres d'alignement en milieu urbain : au travers d'une démarche pluridisciplinaire physiologique, socio-politique, paysagère et économique." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070104.
Full textPlantations of roadside trees in urban area help to structure and to comprehend the surrounding landscape, and also could create meeting places. To dismiss these urbanistic and social functions to solely the ecological ones, result in attributing the poor health of these plantations to the general degradation of our environment, rather than to the incoherent interventions made, without taking into account the richness and the complexity of roadside trees plantations, by the various actors to build plantations that will fulfill their role for a long time and to assure a healthy magement we need to :. Further progress in the knowledge of these urban trees by on-site studies, conducted by researchers and professionals aware of the dynamic and complex nature of roadside trees and their urban environment,. Establish a competent organization capable of, firstly designing a plant structure that respects predefined objectives and take into account site restrictions, afterward of choosing a specific planting adapted to the technical and economic context of the moment, then of gathering the means necessary to the planting and finally of ensuring the good health of the plant structure on its whole lifespan. The key to the success of such a long term project as a plantation, is that the local management, which take care of the specific social needs and of the site particularities and the global management, where all the long-term decisions for urban organization are taken, are intimately intertwined. Thus, for each plantation we have to negociate, with pluridisciplinary approaches, a realistic consensus between all the actors, if we want to ensure the futur of a common good we will allways have to share
Dbiyat, Mohamed al. "Homs et Hama en Syrie centrale : bipole ou doublet urbain ?" Tours, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOUR1009.
Full textCentral syria is a relatively homogenous region. It is simultaneously dominated by two large cities : homs and hama. The two cities developed in an atmosphere of age-old rivalry. Over a long period of time, this evolution saw important changes. But, since the 1960s there has been a differentiated kind of growth, constantly in favour of homs. The latter city increasingly is asserting itself as the regional capital of central syria. Thus was launched a process of transformation from the fonctional bi-polar situation of homs and hama into a single urban doublet characterising the regional urban system. Now there is developing a bicephalous system. Homs is apparently the driving force of this system through its economic and demographic dynamism in contrast to the stagnation of hama. The final result of this differentiated evolution could be an urban system completely dominated by homs
Lemarchand, Nathalie. "Commerce et structure urbaine." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUEL156.
Full textThe evolution for retail locations between 1982 and 1990 is analysed in the urban area of Rouen and Elbeuf. The lack of available spatialized information leads to the improvement of an automated mailing system. This method allows the analysis at a large for the whole urban area. The study of retail trade is considered in the geographic perspective of the interference with the social structure of the city
Charafeddine, Wafa. "La banlieue sud de Beyrouth : structure urbaine et économique." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040353.
Full textThe civil war of 1975 in Lebanon and the formation of a demarcation line dividing the greater Beirut urban space have caused important urban changes and have set specific rules of development in each of the two parts of greater Beirut. In the southern suburb, the subject of the study, these urban changes and demographic redistributions appear through three characteristics problems: 1- lack of appropriate urban structures and the severe urban administration problems due to the absence of the local authorities and the arbitrary intervention of the government. 2- the illegal construction which has largely increased due to the war. 3- the establishment of a large number of informal activities. Thus, our study about the southern suburb shall handle both the urban and economical structures
Abdellaoui, Mohamed El. "La Médina de Tétouan et son évolution récente : étude de géographie urbaine." Tours, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOUR4501.
Full textZerouali, Allal. "Couloir de Taza : croissance urbaine et évolution du milieu rural." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30020.
Full textMarc, Jean-Valéry. "Le Végétal dans les espaces urbains et périurbains des petites antilles : Le cas de Fort-De-France." Antilles-Guyane, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGUY0190.
Full textGeorganos, Stefanos. "The use of very-high-resolution earth observation satellite data for multi-thematic urban mapping in sub-Saharan Africa: Applications in population, household wealth and epidemiological modeling." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/317404/3/ToC.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
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Ndayirukiye, Sylvestre. "La plaine occidentale du Burundi : étude régionale." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE2015.
Full textEstèbe, Philippe. "L'usage des quartiers : action publique et géographie dans la politique de la ville (1989-1998)." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100116.
Full textMerhi, Jihad. "Beyrouth : entre risque et sécurité. Une géopolitique urbaine d'une ville sous tension." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040084.
Full textStudying urban security in Beirut, a schizophrenic city of war and peace, is in itself a challenge due to its unique security vulnerabilities. In this city, characterised by politico-religious antipathies as much as inter and intra-denominational hostilities, where authority is not lodged exclusively in the general government, the socio-economic factor, usually efficient as a scale of measurement for urban and mainly social risks, proved to be quite inoperative. Based on the fact that socio-economic fluctuations did not have significant repercussions on risks and urban security in this city, a more specific and comprehensive approach unveiled the presence of more decisive « existential » risks, endogenous to the particular type of the country’s politico-spatial structure. The country’s eccentric character revealed itself in an apparently united State structure that masks a territorialisation of public space, and thus, non-united Lebanese States. A mechanism of auto-defense grew among individuals to replace the weak authority of a fragile State in which the political regime, foreign interferences and armed group play a destructive role. The approach to the study of security in this multi-politico-religious space, which must be driven by an interpretation of the territory on a micro-local scale along with an analysis of the auto-defense mechanism, helped pave the way for the introduction of a new tool for measuring security in the framework of a sub-discipline that we agreed to call « Securitarian Geography ». Unable to fit in the classical analysis of geography, Beirut, like many other weak or fragile States, tends to require advanced studies in urban sociology and micro-political studies that put forward latent factors influencing security. This new scientific tool called «Securitarian Geography », introduced by us as researchers, will be a novelty tool in the hand of geopoliticians, to better study the specificity of infra-local sub-spaces in vulnerable territories
Coupleux, Sylvie. "Les migrations dans l'aire urbaine centrale du Nord-Pas-de-Calais : Dynamique spatiale des populations et comportements individuels." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10141.
Full textIn the nord-pas-de-calais, a region with a high level of internal mibilite, the central urban area undergoes an important migratory turmoil. Within this intensively urban area, there are actually a reorganisation and redistribution of the population toward a further periphery. It leads to the interweaving of the residential areas of influence of the agglomerations, which are often in competition with the periurbanisation of the second-rank centers. The fonctional changes of the places, the reshaping of the economic and urban fabric lead the migratory behaviour, but the indivduals keep the initiative for moving. The evolution of the migratory behaviour as the generations go and during the life attest a differential mobility resulting from the past and from the plans. The residential strategy intervenes in the personnal management of the external constraints such as the socio-economic restructuring of life space. The analysis of individual biographies allows a better understanding of the intra-urban migratory patterns
Vu, Chi Dong. "Villes et organisation de l'espace au Viêt-nam." Avignon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AVIG1009.
Full textThis thesis is the continuation of the achievement of the atlas of Vietnam (Vu Tu Lap, Christian Taillard, Reclus - la Documentation francaise, 1994). Its author start with the hypothesis that vietnamwhere a great majority of the population is in the agricultural sector - is getting structured through the development of urban poles. He applies concepts and methods spatial analysis. The cartographic tool of representation and analysis is privileged in this thesis. The localisation of the cities one in relation with another, the hierarchy of polarisation end the urban network's morphology enable to present structures end dynamics of space on the move today, as the country is experiencing a essong economic growth
Cotelle, Pauline. "Une géographie de l'insécurité urbaine post catastrophe : le cas de la Nouvelle-Orléans et du cyclone Katrina (USA, 2000-2010)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30057/document.
Full textThe lack of academic research on “urban insecurity” in the context of a city affected by a major disaster led us to investigate this issue through the case of New Orleans and the Katrina disaster. The analysis of crime data, complemented by an intensive field work, allowed us to “recreate” the spatial and temporal evolution of crime related to Katrina. In the short term, Katrina let to numerous crime displacements in New Orleans and in the cities affected by indirect impacts from the disaster. Nonetheless, the analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data allows to seriously play down the discourses which oriented the official responses to the disaster. Crime, in particular fear of crime, has represented a serious obstacle to the crisis management, especially to the evacuation of the residents trapped by the floods. In the longer term, the return of the inhabitants came along with the return of violent crime after a lull of several months after hurricane Katrina. The analysis of crime data at different spatial scales allows us to consider crime as a frame to “read” post disaster changes in urban dynamics. Besides, brutal changes in those dynamics and in the urban landscape have affected the perceptions of danger which didn't always adjust to the new “criminal trends” of the city's different neighborhoods. The holistic approach of post disaster “urban insecurity” allows us to highlight an increase of crime risk at the city scale after Katrina because of a long lasting weakening of territories that struggle to recover and where criminal activities have proliferated. Since disasters like Katrina can lead to an increase in urban insecurity, in particular in the most vulnerable territories, a better consideration of this issue by researchers seems therefore necessary. The anticipation of the consequences that a major disaster can have on urban security would allow to integrate the issue of crime and its prevention into disaster management and recovery plans and therefore to facilitate the process of urban resilience
Kamal, Hassan. "Urbanisation et développement d'une ville Phosphatière : l'exemple de Khouribga (Maroc)." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010582.
Full textThere has been an ever increasing urbanization all aver the world for the last four decades. In morocco, like in many other developing countries urbanization is spreading fast. Khouribga has not been left intouched by this pehnomenon. We must point out however, that the urban development of this town has leen narrowly linked with the mining place in the world. Today, khouribga is faced with a serious housing crisis and insufficient maintenance services which have become the most accute symptoms of urban crisis. The proposals on a level the urban management are intended to provide an answer to the deterioration of the urban environment, to the housing crisis and to the endlessly repetitive architecture
Martin, Francine. "Le centre de Tanger : bi ou multipolarité ? : étude géographique." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR4503.
Full textThis study of urban geography deals with the structural evolution of the centre of a moroccan town of 300,000 inhabitants (1981). Taking as a strarting point the bi-polar classical model of an ancient islamic city separated but living alongside a modern european-type centre, the analysis demonstrates an increasingly complex development of the centre which has divided into various poles corresponding to the multiplicity of complementary functions. The study attempts to explore the characteristics of this use of space from the point of view of social, architectural and economic functions by concentrating more specifically on the activities which make up the centre. In conclusion, the centre is viewed from the angle of space as it is used and perceived
Dorier-Apprill, Elisabeth. "Environnement et santé à Brazzaville, Congo : de l'écologie urbaine à la géographie sociale." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100030.
Full textDandolova, Iskra Hristova. "La cité idéale des conceptions de l'espace urbain comme expression d'un idéal social." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100142.
Full textSoto, Hélène. "Les usages ludiques de l'espace urbain : le cas d'une cité de la banlieue marseillaise." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22094.
Full textAponte, Garcia Edgar. "Relation architecture-habitat : idées pour une réflexion : Casalta : un cas d'étude." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040469.
Full textMoussavou, Ida Rachel. "Croissance urbaine - systèmes fonciers et gestion des espaces urbains : l'exemple de Libreville (Gabon)." Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30015.
Full textTHE RAPID URBAN GROWTH IN THE LAST THIRTY YEARS HAS BEEN THE MOST OUTSTANDING FUTURE OF LIBREVILLE'S TRANSFORMATION. IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY A MARKED POPULATION CONCENTRATION AND A SPECTACULAR SPATIAL EXPANSION MAINLY DUE TO MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS. HOWEVER, THE CONTINOUS, MASSIVE AND DISORDERLY POPULATION INFLOW INTO THE URBAN AREAS HAS CAUSED THE PROLIFERATION OF UNDER-INTEGRATED DISTRICTS, DENSELY BUILT AND INSALUBRIOUS. MOST MIGRANTS FIND THEMSELVES WANTING IN SERVICED PARCELS AND ARE THESE OBLIGED TO COLONIZE NON AEDIFICANDI, UNSERVICEABLE AREAS. AS A RESULT, THERE OCCURS A PHENOMENON OF DISPROPORTIONATE AND ANARCHICAL SPATIAL GROWTH, THAT IS ENCOURAGED BY LAND SPECTACULORS. MODEM PROPERTY LAW CONFLICTS WITH POPULAR PRATICES. HENCE CONFLICTUAL SITUATIONS BETWEEN THE AUTHORITIES AND THE CITY PLANNING REVEALS URBANISTIC DEFICIENCIES : THE LACK OF AND EFFICIENT SYSTEM OF SOIL EXPLOITATION AND ATTRIBUTION THAT COULD MEET THE NEEDS IN SUITABLE LOTS. THE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURES HAS BEEN CONCENTRATED MAINLY IN SMART AREAS. THE LEVEL OF UTILITIES AND SERVICES HAS SETTLED AT HIGH STANDARDS with EXCLUDE THE MANY. CONSEQUENTLY, THERE EXISTS SERIOUS CITY PLANNING PROBLEMS AT A TIME WHEN PUBLIC RESSOURCES ARE DEPLETING. HOW MAKE MOST PEOPLES'S ACCESS TO PARCELS EASIER ALONG WITH BEING RESPECTFUL OF THE HARMONIOUS CITY AREA DEVELOPMENT ? THE AUTHOR PROPOSES TO STRENGTHEN THE URBANISM INSTITUTIONS AND INSTRUMENTS, THE CITY PROPERTY PLANNING AND REGULATION
Clerc, Pascal. "Production et fonctionnement de la culture scolaire du lycée en géographie : l’exemple des espaces urbains." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010688.
Full textZerrouk, Laïla. "Takaddoum : un quartier périphérique de Rabat : étude géographique." Tours, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOUR4502.
Full textTakaddoum is a suburban district which was built by the authorities of the protectorate with the aim of eliminating slum areas. The scheme enters in what is called "the accommodation of the greatest number". Thirty years later, as in all forms of peripheral expansion, this area still resembles a large urban "douar" or slum, inhabited by the lower class, extremely dense in its construction and its population a number of problems rise from this situation : lack of infrastructure, degradation of the housing, noise; in a word a clear marginalization. Meanwhile this area is the living place of a population which is getting younger and younger, and which keeps demanding its right of citizenship through the improvement of its housing conditions. This area tries to get integrated in the city through the infrastructure. The study of the physical and human content shows a saturation of the suburban area. The rapidly changing commercial area shows as much precarity and dynamism as a tendancy towards an integration in the urban area. The utilization of the area in this district is limited to the day-to day activities : while the district is rejected by its inhabitants for its architecture, the use of services (work, shopping). This structurization of space resulted from both commuting and economic constraints