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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Geography – Data processing'
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Szakas, Joseph Samuel. "The potential for parallel processing in geographic data revision /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487945320760397.
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McCurry, David B. "Provenance Tracking in a Commons of Geographic Data." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/McCurryDB2007.pdf.
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Shi, Wei. "Web-based geographic information system for the archives of the Water Resources Institute." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3312.
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This project is focused on the goal of improving access to the Water Resources Institute (WRI) archives using a web-based GIS architecture. This project uses the newest version of ArcGIS Server as a method to support an internet-based map search environment, improved information management and data sharing.
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Caviness, Dimitra-Alys Anne. "Investigating ancient religion and geography : an analysis of pre-Christian Ireland using mythology and a geographic information system." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1204486.
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Zhao, Xiaoyun. "Road network and GPS tracking with data processing and quality assessment." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Mikrodataanalys, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-17354.
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GPS technology has been embedded into portable, low-cost electronic devices nowadays to track the movements of mobile objects. This implication has greatly impacted the transportation field by creating a novel and rich source of traffic data on the road network. Although the promise offered by GPS devices to overcome problems like underreporting, respondent fatigue, inaccuracies and other human errors in data collection is significant; the technology is still relatively new that it raises many issues for potential users. These issues tend to revolve around the following areas: reliability, data processing and the related application. This thesis aims to study the GPS tracking form the methodological, technical and practical aspects. It first evaluates the reliability of GPS based traffic data based on data from an experiment containing three different traffic modes (car, bike and bus) traveling along the road network. It then outline the general procedure for processing GPS tracking data and discuss related issues that are uncovered by using real-world GPS tracking data of 316 cars. Thirdly, it investigates the influence of road network density in finding optimal location for enhancing travel efficiency and decreasing travel cost. The results show that the geographical positioning is reliable. Velocity is slightly underestimated, whereas altitude measurements are unreliable.Post processing techniques with auxiliary information is found necessary and important when solving the inaccuracy of GPS data. The densities of the road network influence the finding of optimal locations. The influence will stabilize at a certain level and do not deteriorate when the node density is higher.
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Kjerne, Daniel. "Modeling cadastral spatial relationships using an object-oriented information structure." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3721.
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This thesis identifies a problem in the current practice for storage of locational data of entities in the cadastral layer of a land information system (LIS), and presents as a solution an information model that uses an object-oriented paradigm.
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da, Silva Brum Bastos Vanessa. "New methods and applications for context aware movement analysis (CAMA)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16812.
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Recent years have seen a rapid growth in movement research owing to new technologies contributing to the miniaturization and reduced costs of tracking devices. Similar trends have occurred in how environmental data are being collected (e.g., through satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles, and sensor networks). However, the development of analytical techniques for movement research has failed to keep pace with the data collection advances. There is a need for new methods capable of integrating increasingly detailed movement data with a myriad of contextual data - termed context aware movement analysis (CAMA). CAMA investigates more than movement geometry, by including biological and environmental conditions that may influence movement. However, there is a shortage of methods relating movement patterns to contextual factors, which is still limiting our ability to extract meaningful information from movement data. This thesis contributes to this methodological research gap by assessing the state-of-the art for CAMA within movement ecology and human mobility research, developing innovative methods to consider the spatio-temporal differences between movement data and contextual data and exploring computational methods that allow identification of patterns in contextualized movement data. We developed new methods and demonstrated how they facilitated and improved the integration between high frequency tracking data and temporally dynamic environmental variables. One of the methods, multi-channel sequence analysis, is then used to discover varying human behaviour relative to weather conditions in a large human GPS tracking dataset from Scotland. The second method is developed for combing multi-sensor satellite imagery (i.e., image fusion) of differing spatial and temporal resolutions. This method is applied to a GPS tracking data on maned wolves in Brazil to understand fine-scale movement behaviours related to vegetation changes across seasons. In summary, this thesis provides a significant development in terms of new ideas and techniques for performing CAMA for human and wildlife movement studies.
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Van, Lill S. W. P. (Schalk Willem Petrus). "Ontwikkeling van 'n driedimensionele netwerkmodule vir optimale roetebepaling." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52383.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A shortest or most economical route can easily be determined by using a geographical information system (GIS). Unfortunately, most systems compute distances in two dimensional space. As computer-technology moves towards three dimensional applications, it is essential that GIS keeps up with this trend. In this research, the network module of Arc View (using Avenue) is customized, so that topographical slope is considered in determining the shortest or most economical route. Two buttons were added to the normal Arc View interface. By doing it this way, the user has the full functionality of Arc View, as well as the use of the new application. One button initiates a dialogue for capturing the economic parameters (fuel efficiency, oil usage, tyre usage, maintenance costs and capital costs) of a vehicle. The other button selects a route network and uses a vehicle's economic parameters (as determined by the user) to calculate a most economical route. This thesis describes the procedure, logic and methodology followed in adding a most economical route-selection function to Arc View. It also demonstrates the importance of incorporating three dimensional space for determining a most economical route. The new function currently calculates a most economical route, based on vehicle running costs for Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGV's). The application performs satisfactorily, but there is scope for further development and refinement, both of the economical formulae for computing costs as well as of the graphic user interface (GUl). The flexibility of the system can be enhanced by providing for additional classes of vehicles.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Kortste of mees ekonomiese ritroete kan maklik met behulp van 'n GIS (Geografiese Inligtingstelsel) vasgestel word, maar die meeste stelsels bereken afstande in 'n plat vlak (in twee-dimensionele ruimte). Soos die rekenaartegnologie ontwikkel, word meer drie-dimensionele ruimtelike toepassings geskep, dus moet GIS-tegnologie ook toenemend die derde dimensie inkorporeer. In hierdie navorsing is Arc View se netwerk module met Avenue aangepas dat dit topografiese helling outomaties inreken by die bepaling van 'n kortste of mees ekonomiese roete. Twee knoppies is tot die normale Arc View koppelvlak bygevoeg. Deur dit so te doen, het die gebruiker toegang tot die volle funksionaliteit van Arc View en dié van die nuwe funksie. Een knoppie inisieer die koppelvlak waarmee die ekonomiese parameters (brandstof verbruik, olie verbruik, band verbruik, kapitaal koste en onderhoudskoste) van 'n voertuig opgestel word. Die ander knoppie selekteer 'n padnetwerk en gebruik 'n voertuig se ekonomiese parameters (soos gedefinieer deur die gebruiker) om 'n mees ekonomiese roete vas te stel. Hierdie tesis beskryf die prosedures, logika en metodologie waarvolgens die nuwe roeteseleksie funksie by Arc View geïnkorporeer is. Dit het ook gedemonstreer dat dit noodsaaklik is om drie-dimensionele ruimte by die bepaling van 'n mees ekonomiese roete in te sluit. Die nuwe funksie bepaal tans 'n ekonomiese roete gebaseer op die voertuig-loopkoste van swaarvoertuie. Dit funksioneer bevredigend, maar daar is steeds moontlikhede vir verdere ontwikkeling en verfyning, beide van die ekonomiese kosteberekeningsformules en die gebruikers-koppelvlak. Deur ook vir ander klasse voertuie voorsiening te maak kan die plooibaarheid van die stelselook uitgebrei word.
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Kettermann, Anna. "Estimation of Standardized Mortality Ratio in Geographic Epidemiology." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/KettermanA2004.pdf.
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Bishop, Gary D. "Uncertainty analysis of runoff estimates from runoff-depth contour maps produced by five automated procedures for the northeastern United States." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4313.
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Maps of runoff-depth have been found to be useful tools in a variety of water resource applications. Producing such maps can be a challenging and expensive task. One of the standard methods of producing these maps is to use a manual procedure based on gaged runoff data, topographic and past runoff-depth maps, and the expert opinion of hydrologists.
This thesis examined five new automated procedures for producing runoff-depth contour maps to see if the maps produced by these procedures had similar accuracy and characteristics when compared to the manual procedure. An uncertainty analysis was used to determine the accuracy of the automated procedure maps by withholding gaged runoff data from the creation of the contour maps and then interpolating estimated runoff back to these sites from the maps produced. Subtracting gaged runoff from estimated runoff produced interpolation error values. The mean interpolation error was used to define the accuracy of each map and was then compared to a similar study by Rochelle, et al., (1989) conducted on a manual procedure map.
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Tiwari, Prava. "Updating the web-based geographic information system of the Water Resources Institute." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3407.
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The main scope of this project is to rebuild and deploy web applications that will help share historical artifacts related to the Santa Ana watershed. This project is designed to give a consistent user interface and add extra tools to enhance the functionality of existing applications at the Water Resources Institute (WRI) at California State University San Bernardino (CSUSB). The purpose of this project is to migrate all applications to a single server and update the applications using ArcGIS Server 9.2. Also to give a consistent look to the applications and to make them user friendly.
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Breytenbach, Andre. "GIS-based land suitability assessment and allocation decision-making in a degraded rural environmen." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16599.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Rural development problems faced by the impoverished communities in the Transkei, South Africa, are numerous, and environmental degradation has already taken much of its toll. By working at a micro-catchment-level both the socio-economic and biophysical appreciation of the land resources were captured as encapsulated in the concept of resource management domains. Participatory decision-making allowed functional land use goals and evaluation criteria to be incorporated into computerised multi-criteria evaluation and multi-objective land use allocation models in order to reach an idealised or more sustainable land use situation. In the execution of the decision-making process seven procedural steps were followed, which are discussed in detail and applied in the case study. Synthesis of the results emphasised the envisaged rural planning potential of the methods used.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In terme van plattelandse ontwikkeling staar talle probleme die behoeftige gemeenskappe van Transkei, Suid-Afrika, in die gesig en omgewingsdegradering neem ongehinderd sy tol. Deur op ‘n mikro-opvangsgebied vlak te werk kon beide die sosio-ekonomiese en biofisiese waarde van die gebied se hulpbronne bepaal word en uitgebeeld word in hulpbron bestuursdomeine. Deur deelnemende besluitneming is funksionele grondgebruiksdoelwitte en evaluasie kriteria gebruik in gerekenariseerde meervoudige kriteria evaluering en veeldoelige grondgebruiksaanwysingsmodelle ten einde die ideale of ‘n meer volhoubare grondgebruik situasie te verkry. Vir die uitvoering van die besluitnemingsproses is van sewe opeenvolgende stappe gebruik gemaak en die uitvoering daarvan word in diepte bespreek in hierdie gevallestudie. Sintese van die resultate het die potensiaal van hierdie beoogde landelike beplanningsmetodes beklemtoon.
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Schreiber, Werner. "GIS and EUREPGAP : applying GIS to increase effective farm management in accordance GAP requirements." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53440.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With the inception of precision farming techniques during the last decade, agricultural efficiency has improved, leading to greater productivity and enhanced economic benefits associated with agriculture. The awareness of health risks associated with food borne diseases has also increased. Systems such as Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (RACCP) in the USA and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in Europe are trying to ensure that no food showing signs of microbial contamination associated with production techniques are allowed onto the export market. Growers participating in exporting are thus being forced to conform to the requirements set by international customers. The aim of this study was to compile a computerized record keeping system that would aid farmers with the implementation of GAP on farms, by making use of GIS capabilities. A database, consisting of GAP-specific data was developed. ArcView GIS was used to implement the database, while customized analyses procedures through the use of Avenue assisted in GAP-specific farming related decisions. An agricultural area focusing on the export market was needed for this study, and the nut producing Levubu district was identified as ideal. By making use of ArcView GIS, distinct relationships between different data sets were portrayed in tabular, graphical, geographical and report format. GAP requirements state that growers must base decisions on timely, relevant information. With information available in the above-mentioned formats, decisions regarding actions taken can be justified. By analysing the complex interaction between datasets, the influences that agronomical inputs have on production were portrayed, moving beyond the standard requirements of GAP. Agricultural activities produce enormous quantities of data, and GIS proved to be an indispensable tool because of the ability to analyse and manipulate data with a spatial component. The implementation of good agricultural practices lends itself to the use of GIS. With the correct information available at the right time, better decisions can promote optimal croppmg, whilst rmmrrnzmg the negative effects on the consumer and environment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gedurende die afgelope dekade het die gebruik van presisie boerderytegnieke tot verbeterde gewasverbouing gelei, wat verhoogde produktiwiteit en ekonomiese welvarendheid tot gevolg gehad het. 'n Wêreldwye bewustheid ten opsigte van die oordrag van siektekieme geasosieer met varsprodukte het ontstaan. Met die implementering van Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) en Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), poog die VSA en Europa om voedsel wat tekens van besmetting toon van die invoermark te weerhou. Buitelandse produsente en uitvoerders word dus hierdeur gedwing om by internasionale voedselstandaarde aan te pas. Hierdie navorsing het ten doel gehad om 'n gerekenariseerde rekordhouding stelsel daar te stel wat produsente sal bystaan tydens die implementering van GAP, deur gebruik te maak van GIS. 'n Databasis gerig op die implementering van GAP is ontwerp. ArcView GIS is gebruik word om die databasis te implementeer, waarna spesifieke navrae die data ontleed het om sodoende die besluitnemingsproses te vergemaklik. 'n Landbou-area wat aktief in die uitvoermark deelneem was benodig vir dié studie, en die Levubu distrik was ideaal. Verwantskappe tussen datastelle is bepaal en uitgebeeld in tabel-, grafiek- en verslag vorm. Die suksesvolle implementering van GAP vereis dat alle besluite op relevante inligting gebaseer word, en met inligting beskikbaar in die bogenoemde formaat kan alle besluite geregverdig word. Deur die komplekse interaksie tussen insette en produksie te analiseer, was dit moontlik om verwantskappe uit te beeld wat verder strek as wat GAP vereistes stipuleer. Deur die gebruikerskoppelvlak in ArcView te verpersoonlik is die gebruiker nie belaai met onnodige berekeninge nie. Aktiwiteite soos landbou produseer groot datastelle, en die vermoë van GIS om die ruimtelike verwantskappe te analiseer en uit te beeld, het getoon dat GIS 'n instrumentele rol in die besluitnemingsproses speel. Deur middel van beter besluitneming kan optimale gewasverbouing verseker word, terwyl die negatiewe impak op die verbruiker en omgewing tot 'n minimum beperk word.
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Van, Zyl Nicolaas Milne. "An infrastructure management support system for Western Cape Nature Conservation Board." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49747.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates the use of GIS (Geographical Information Systems) to develop an infrastructure management support system for the Western Cape Nature Conservation Board (WCNCB). The primary goal was to design a system to help the managers with their task of managing the infrastructure of a reserve. It involved the development and description, of a system in ArcView with the programming language Avenue in conjunction with an Access application developed in Visual Basic for Applications. The end result was a system that can create maps of all the different infrastructure features with ArcView and use an open-ended Access application to input data. The data are stored in an Access database. The thesis describes the user functionality of the system. Basic reporting facilities are provided and the data and system have the potential to provide essential reporting in future development. The conclusion of this thesis is that GIS could fulfil the role of an Infrastructure Management Support System for WCNCB.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tesis ondersoek die gebruik van GIS (Geografiese Inligting Stelsels) in die ontwikkeling van 'n infrastruktuur bestuurshulpmiddel VIT Wes-Kaap Natuurbewaringsraad. Die primêre doel van hierdie studie is om 'n sisteem te ontwikkel wat die bestuurders van die verskillende natuurreservate kan bystaan in die bestuur van hul reservate. Die tesis beskryf die ontwikkeling van 'n infrastruktuur bestuurshulpmiddel met ArcView se programmeringstaal Avenue. Tesame hiermee is 'n Access applikasie wat in Visual Basic for Applications ontwikkel is geïntegreer. Die eind-resultaat is 'n sisteem wat kaarte met ArcView vanaf gestoorde data in 'n Access databasis kan produseer en ook datainvordering kan hanteer. Die tesis beskryf die ontwikkeling en funksionaliteit van die sisteem. Daar word voorsiening gemaak vir basiese verslaglewerende funksies en vir toekomstige meer gevorderde analises in die data samestelling. Die gevolgtrekking wat in die tesis gemaak word is dat GIS die rol van 'n infrastruktuur bestuurshulpmiddel kan vervul VIT Wes-Kaap Natuurbewaringsraad.
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Fortuin, Mildred. "A geographic information systems approach to the identification of Table Mountain group aquifer "type areas" of ecological importance." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The Table Mountain group aquifer system has the potential to be an important supply of water. Although the aquifer system is used to some extent, a number of aspects relating to the aquifer system are poorly understood and unquantified. This study aimed to take into consideration the importance of differenct ecosytems, which is essential in predicting the effects of groundwater abstruction. However, the ecological requirements of systems that depend on groundwater are poorly understood. This project identified "type areas"
for further detailed research into the impacts of large-scale groundwater abstraction from the Table Mountain group aquifer system based on the nature and functioning of ecosystems across groundwater dependent ecosystem boundaries of a regional scale.
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Ford, Francois York. "A Geographical Information System for Fire Management by the Western Cape Nature Conservation Board." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1519.
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Thesis (MSc (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.A multitude of unique fauna and flora exist within the Western Cape of South Africa. Fire plays an intricate role in the conservation and extinction of many of these species. It is therefore imperative to understand this delicate relationship in order to help preserve the province’s uniquely balanced ecosystem. The Western Cape Nature Conservation Board (WCNCB) expressed the need for a system that would allow reserve managers to produce basic fire frequency and veld age maps with considerable ease. These maps are needed for intelligent decisionmaking regarding the management of veldfires. Information concerning vegetation and historical veldfires in the Western Cape, collected over a period of 50 years exist in tabular format in databases of the WCNCB. Some of these tables contain spatial information elements, such as areas affected by fires. Tabular data with spatial elements can be converted to a geographical information system (GIS) format, extracting value previously shielded from the user. Using GIS techniques and the programming language Avenue, two tools with powerful decision-making qualities were created to extract value from these datasets. One tool shows the fire history of a specified area as a digital map. This map shows areas with varying occurrences of fires over time, thereby highlighting hot spots within the specified location. The ability to view various fire scar datasets spatially over a specified period, as opposed to records in a table, enables the user to understand the extent to which areas have been repeatedly exposed to fire and quickly identify areas most affected. The second tool shows vegetation age in a similar fashion, allowing the user to see the current spatial distribution of vegetation and its age. Knowledge about the age of indigenous vegetation, such as fynbos, in a predetermined area, facilitates the reserve manager in decisions related to block burning. This is an accepted practise in areas where vegetation requires fire to stimulate germination. Both tools provide decisionmaking support to reserve managers regarding the most suitable course of action in terms of the implementation of a proactive or passive approach towards fires. This study satisfies the needs of the WCNCB by exploring the hidden value within their datasets. GIS supported by the programming language, Avenue, was successfully utilised in the development of a system capable of extracting information from current datasets to support reserve managers in their critical decision-making processes.
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Hobson, Alan George Cawood. "Optimising the renewal of natural gas reticulation pipes using GIS." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52980.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A major concern for Energex, Australia's largest energy utility in South East Queensland, is the escape of natural gas out of their reticulation systems. Within many of the older areas in Brisbane, these networks operate primarily at low and medium pressure with a significant percentage of mains being cast iron or steel. Over many years pipes in these networks have been replaced, yet reports show that unaccounted for gas from the same networks remain high. Furthermore, operation and maintenance budgets for these networks are high with many of these pipes close to the end of their economic life. When operation and maintenance costs exceed the costs of replacement, the Energex gas utility initiates projects to renew reticulation networks with polyethylene pipes. Making decisions about pipe renewal requires an evaluation of historical records from a number of sources, namely: • gas consumption figures, • history of leaks, • maintenance and other related cost, and • the loss of revenue contributed by unaccounted for gas. Financial justification of capital expenditure has always been a requirement for renewal projects at the Energex gas utility, however the impact of a deregulation in the energy utility market has necessitated a review of their financial assessment for capital projects. The Energex gas utility has developed an application that evaluates the financial viability of renewal projects. This research will demonstrate the role of GIS integration with the Energex financial application. The results of this study showed that a GIS integrated renewal planning approach incorporates significant benefits including: • Efficient selection of a sub-network based on pipe connectivity, • Discovery of hidden relationships between spatially enabled alphanumeric data and environmental information that improves decision making, and • Enhanced testing of proposed renewal design options by scrutinizing the attributes of spatial data.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Groot bron van kommer vir Energex, Australië se grootste energieverskaffer in Suidoos- Queensland, is die verlies van natuurlike gas uit hul gasdistribusie netwerke. In 'n groot deel van ouer Brisbane opereer hierdie netwerke hoofsaaklik teen lae en medium druk, met 'n aansienlike persentasie van hoofpyplyne wat uit gietyster of staal bestaan. Al is sommige pyplyne in hierdie netwerke met verloop van tyd vervang, maak verslae dit duidelik dat 'n groot deel van die gas in hierdie netwerke steeds langs die pad verlore gaan. Die operasionele - en onderhoudsbegrotings vir hierdie netwerke is boonop hoog, met 'n groot persentasie van die pyplyne wat binnekort aan die einde van hulle ekonomiese leeftyd kom. Wanneer operasionele- en onderhoudsonkostes die koste van vervanging oorskry, beplan Energex se gasvoorsienings-afdeling projekte om verspreidingsnetwerke te hernu met poli-etileen pype. Om sinvolle besluite te neem tydens pyplynhernuwings, word verskeie historiese verslae geraadpleeg, insluitend: gasverbruikvlakke, lekplek geskiedenis rekords, onderhoud- en ander verwante onkostes, asook die verlies van inkomste weens verlore gas. Alhoewel finansiële stawing van kapitale uitgawes nog altyd 'n voorvereiste was tydens hernuwingsprojekte by Energex, het die impak van privatisering op die energieverskaffingsmark dit noodsaaklik gemaak om hulle finansiële goedkeuringsproses vir kapitaalprojekte te hersien. Energex het dus 'n sagteware toepassing ontwikkel wat die finansiële gangbaarheid van hernuwingsprojekte evalueer. Hierdie navorsing sal die moontlike integrasie van geografiese inligtingstelsels (GIS) met dié van Energex se finansiële evalueringspakket demonstreer. Die resultate van hierdie studie toon dat die integrasie van GIS in die hernuwingsproses aansienlike voordele inhou, insluitende: • die effektiewe seleksie van sub-netwerke, gebaseer op pyp konnektiwiteit, • die ontdekking van verskuilde verwantskappe tussen geografies-ruimtelike alfanumeriese data en omgewingsinligting, wat besluitneming vergemaklik, en • verbeterde toetsing van voorgestelde hernuwingsopsies deur die indiepte-nagaan van geografiesruimtelike elemente.
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Erasmus, Lelandi. "Virtual reconstruction of stratigraphy and past landscapes in the West Coast Fossil Park region." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1640.
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Soutar, Garron. "Target marketing : the geographical information systems approach." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53611.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Geodemographics has been used extensively as a decision-support tool in both the business sector and the market survey environment in the United States, the United Kingdom and numerous other countries. This has however not been the case in South Africa, partly because of the expense involved in capturing current and complete customer information. As an alternative to capturing all the required customer information, geodemographics has frequently made use of government census data to supplement the organisation-specific data. However, even the census data has its shortcomings. This research has explored a method for building an organisation-specific database using a combination of government census data and organisation-specific data. The organisation-specific data was captured using a questionnaire that was targeted to a specific group of people. The information obtained from the questionnaire and which overlapped with specific census data variables was then used to update the relevant census variables. Cluster analysis was subsequently conducted on the census data in order to identify enumerator areas within the Western Province that had demographic and economic characteristics similar to those of the surveyed areas. Once the appropriate enumerator areas had been identified, the organisation-specific information from the survey was extrapolated to these new areas outside of the surveyed areas. The methodology used in this research provides a process that allows organisations to build a unique geodatabase by making use of the good qualities of both the census data and user-specific data. The resulting geodatabase is one that contains current and pertinent information while also providing complete spatial coverage.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geodemografie word op groot skaal gebruik as n hulpmiddel vir die ondersteuning van besluitneming in die sakesektor en die markopname-omgewing in die Verenigde State, die Verenigde Koninkryk en talle ander lande. Dit is egter nie in Suid-Afrika die geval nie, deels as gevolg van die onkoste verbonde aan vaslegging van die jongste en volledige kliente-inligting. As n altematief vir die vaslegging van al die vereiste kliente-inligting maak geodemografie dikwels gebruik van sensusdata om data eie aan n organisasie aan te vul. Selfs sensusdata het egter tekortkominge. Hierdie navorsing het n metode ondersoek vir die opbou van n databasis eie aan n organisasie deur gebruik te maak van n kombinasie van sensusdata en data eie aan n organisasie. Die data eie aan ri organisasie is vasgele deur gebruik te maak van ri vraelys vir n spesifieke teikengroep. Die inligting wat uit die vraelys verkry is en wat met die spesifieke sensusdataveranderlikes ooreengestem het, is toe gebruik om die relevante sensusveranderlikes by te werk. Skakelingsanalise is daama op die sensusdata uitgevoer ten einde opnemerareas in die Westelike Provinsie te identifiseer wat soortgelyke demografiese en ekonomiese kenmerke gehad het as die areas waarin die vraelysopname gemaak is. Nadat die geskikte opnemerareas gei'dentifiseer is, is die inligting eie aan die organisasie uit die opname geekstrapoleer na hierdie nuwe areas buite die areas waar die opname gemaak is. Die metodologie wat in hierdie navorsing gebruik is, verskaf n metodologie wat organisasies in staat stel om n unieke geodatabasis op te bou deur gebruik te maak van die goeie eienskappe van beide die sensusdata en die data eie aan die gebruiker. Die geodatabasis wat hieruit voortspruit, is een wat die jongste en verbandhoudende inligting bevat en volledige ruimtelike dekking bied.
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Ozyurt, Burhanettin Derya. "Geographic and process information systems for multi-facility design and operation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11003.
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Gomes, de Oliveira Rodrigo. "Geographic referring expressions : doing geometry with words." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=232615.
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Akinnusi, Olamigoke Adekunle. "Mapping the potential of veld fire occurrence in the mountain regions of the South Western Cape, using GIS." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53495.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Veld fires in the mountain regions of the South Western Cape are an annual occurrence. These veld fires occur as a result of human, natural and unknown causes. The Mediteranean weather conditions of the South Western Cape and its typical vegetation are conducive to these fires. Within the mountain regions of the South Western Cape, the use of fire can be advantageous for conservation and forest managers as a tool for fire management e.g. preparation of fire belts, reduction of veld fire occurrence by burning fuel load, rejuvenation of indigenous vegetation and enhancing the water yield of surrounding areas within their management area. Abnormally high incidences and run away veld fires within the management area of conservation and forest managers leads to. the loss of biodiversity, destruction of properties and loss of human lives, and extensive soil erosion. This study aimed at identifying factors contributing towards the occurrence of veld fires in the mountain regions of the South Western Cape, and using GIS to analyse spatially the contributing variables, and to generate seasonal veld fire hazard maps. Potential veld fire occurrence on a seasonal basis was mapped using spatial analyses of variables that are significant to the distribution of veld fires within the study area. Variables used to assess potential veld fire occurrences were: vegetation, slope, population density (human influence), proximity to roads, mean monthly maximum temperatures and mean monthly rainfall. The veld fire hazard maps generated indicated that potential for veld fire occurrence is high in the summer and autumn months, decreasing to a low in the winter and spring seasons. The exception is the Southern Cape sub-region where the possibility of veld fires can be quite high in winter as a result of Fohn-like berg winds. These winds are characterized by sudden increases in temperature and decreases in humidity that may pose severe fire hazards. Reducing and containing veld fires in the mountain regions of the South Western Cape depends on the effective use of the seasonal veld fire hazard maps. The maps can be used to delineate critical zones of veld fire occurrence which can be used for evaluating costeffective control measures and can be implemented to reduce the level of veld fire danger within the management areas of conservation and forest managers. There is a need for a Catchment Management System (CMS) (Richardson, Van Wilgen, Le Maitre, Higgins & Forsyth, 1994) that can be used to generate daily probabilities of veld fire occurrence and to link these to fire-spread models for predicting or simulating expected fire directions and severities or intensities, and educating people about fires and the damage it can do.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Elke jaar kom daar veldbrande in die berggebiede van die Suidwes-Kaap voor. Die oorsake van hierdie veldbrande is van menslike, natuurlike of onbekende oorsprong. Die Mediterreense weersomstandighede en die tipiese plantegroei van die Suidwes-Kaap is ook bevorderlik vir die ontstaan van veldbrande. In die berggebiede van hierdie streek kan die gebruik van vuur egter ook tot voordeel van natuurbewaring en bosbou aangewend word deurdat dit gebruik kan word as 'n metode om die brande te bestuur, soos in die voorbereiding van brandpaaie, in die vermindering van die voorkoms van veldbrande deur vooraf van die brandbare materiale af te brand, in die vernuwing van die inheemse plantegroei en in die verhoging van wateropbrengs in die omliggende gebiede binne die area wat bestuur moet word. 'n Abnormale hoë voorkoms van veldbrande binne die bestuursgebied van bewarings- en bosboubestuurders lei egter tot 'n verlies aan biodiversiteit, die vernietiging van eiendom, 'n verlies aan menselewens en uitgebreide gronderosie. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die faktore wat bydra tot die voorkoms van veldbrande in die berggebiede van die Suidwes-Kaap te identifiseer, om GIS te gebruik om 'n ruimtelike analise van die bydraende veranderlikes te doen en om dan 'n seisoenale veldbrandgevaarkaart saam te stel. Die potensiële voorkoms van veldbrande op 'n seisoenale basis is gekarteer deur gebruik te maak van ruimtelike analises van die veranderlikes van belang in die verspreiding van veldbrande in die studiegebied. Die volgende veranderlikes is gebruik om die potensiële voorkoms van veldbrande te bepaal: plantegroei, helling, bevolkingsdigtheid (invloed van mense), afstand vanaf paaie, gemiddelde maandelikse maksimum temperature en gemiddelde maandelikse reënval. Die veldbrandgevaarkaarte wat ontwikkel is, het aangetoon dat die potensiële voorkoms van veldbrande hoog is in die somer- en herfsmaande en dan afneem tot 'n laagtepunt in die winter en lente. 'n Uitsondering is die Suid-Kaap-substreek waar die moontlikheid van veldbrande selfs in die winter taamlik hoog is as gevolg van Fëhn-tipe bergwinde. Hierdie winde word gekenmerk deur In skielike toename in temperatuur en In afname in humiditeit wat die brandgevaar skerp kan verhoog. Die vermoë om veldbrande in die berggebiede van die Suidwes-Kaap te verminder en te beperk, sal grootliks afhang van die effektiewe gebruik van die seisoenale veldbrandgevaar-kaarte. Die kaarte kan gebruik word vir die afbakening van kritieke sones vir die voorkoms van veldbrande wat dan gebruik kan word vir die evaluering van koste-effektiewe beheermaatreëls. Hierdie kaarte kan dan geïmplementeer word om die vlakke van veldbrandgevaar binne die gebiede waarvoor bewarings- en bosboubestuurders verantwoordelik is, te verminder. Daar is In behoefte aan In opvanggebiedbestuurstelsel (OGB) (Richardson, Van Wilgen, Le Maitre, Higgins & Forsyth 1994) wat gebruik kan word om daaglikse waarskynlikhede vir die voorkoms van veldbrande te genereer. Dit kan gekoppel word aan brandverspreidingsmodelle wat die verwagte rigting van brandverspreiding, asook die ems of intensiteit daarvan, kan voorspelof simuleer. Die publiek moet ook ingelig word oor veldbrande en die skade wat daardeur aangerig kan word.
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Nedas, Konstantinos A. "Semantic Similarity of Spatial Scenes." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/NedasKA2006.pdf.
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Kubbara, Fawzi Saeed. "Geographic Data in City Planning Departments: The Volume and Use Related to Advancements in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Technology." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1352.
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Many local planning departments have acquired and put into use advanced automated geocoding and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to store, process, map and analyze geographic data. GIS technological advancements in hardware, software, and geographic databases - specifically, in geocoding methods to reference street address data to geographic locations - enable data to be integrated, mapped, and analyzed more efficiently and effectively. Also, technological advancements depend on organizational and institutional environments. The relationships between technological advancements and technical (data mapping and analysis), organizational, and institutional environments are not clear. The purpose of this study is to explain these relationships to help planning and development directors make better decisions in acquiring and using advanced geocoding and GIS technology. The findings are based on a mail survey of planning and development departments in cities with populations of 50,000 or more in the United States. The study found that planning departments with advanced geocoding and GIS technology are capable of conducting advanced geocoding applications. Data can be tabulated, aggregated, linked, and modeled for mapping and planning. Geocoding to aggregate data to small geographic areas helps by providing required and up-to-date information to solve urban problems. However, the study did not find that advanced geocoding systems enhance data quality as measured by spatial resolution and volume. Further studies are needed to explore this issue. The adoption and implementation of advanced geocoding and GIS technology are influenced by organizational and institutional environments. Large cities have more experience with hardware, software programs, computer professionals, and training programs, but they are dependent on centralized systems from an earlier computer era. Consequently, more recent entrants to using computers for geographic data processing are emerging rapidly. As technology is becoming more advanced, hardware and software costs are declining. Some of the organizational and institutional issues are eliminated while new ones are emerging. As a result, small area cities are adopting advanced geocoding and GIS technology more rapidly than they were previously, and sometimes they surpass large cities. This study improves understanding of automated street address geocoding methods and how these methods are related to advancements in GIS technology. The study also examines how technical, organizational, and institutional environments are interrelated in adopting and using geocoding and GIS technology. The challenge in the 1990s will not be how to fund and acquire a GIS, but how to integrate all of the pieces in order to make the technology work properly.
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Bush, Loretta J. "Evaluating the accuracy of line thinning algorithms after processing scanned line data." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10312009-020324/.
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Mao, Chiu-dik William, and 毛照逖. "Real estate geographic information systems (GIS) for urban redevelopment through the perspective of a real estate developer." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B27050270.
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Yu, Donggang, and dyu@venus it swin edu au. "Processing and recognition of document and GIS images." Swinburne University of Technology, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20050812.095914.
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In intelligent document processing system and geographical information systems (GIS), the image processing and recognition play an important role. This thesis deals with various problems in processing images in documents and GIS: image smoothing, filling, linearization and extraction of contour features, extraction of structural points, separation and recognition of spurious segments in handwritten digits, reconstruction and recognition of broken digits, and separation and recognition of colour document and GIS images. These approaches are also called Optical Character Recognition (OCR).
A new smoothing technique is developed to smooth follow contours of image. With the new smoothing algorithms, spurious pixels (points) of contours are removed based on smooth patterns, and smooth followed contours are found. Also, skeletons of image can be smoothed between neighboring �end� and �junction� points. Smooth following makes linearization of smoothed contours possible based on Freeman codes.
A new filling algorithm of contours, project filling, is described based on two kinds of structural patterns. By this method, any complicated contours of images can be filled correctly.
Different from other linearization methods, linearization and feature extraction of smoothed contours are based on difference chain codes. Curvature and bend angles of linearized are found. The convexity and concavity of linearized are described. In this way, a series of description features of contours is formed.
Structural points are new and useful features to describe morphological structures between neighboring linearized lines. Extraction of structural points is based on structural patterns which are determined by element chain codes. Also, extension Freeman codes are used in this thesis. Structural points make description and recognition of contours possible.
In order to recognize handwritten digits in document processing systems, separation of spurious segments, reconstruction of broken digits and recognition of handwritten digits are investigated. Experiments with large number of testing data set show satisfactory results for these algorithms.
Separation and recognition of colour document and GIS images are discussed. Object images of document and GIS images are extracted based on the description of shape structures, prior knowledge and color information, which are associated with each other. Color images can be described by a limited number of colors in color document and GIS images. Therefore, separation of color image is done by color reduction method, and recognition of object images is based on structure patterns, prior knowledge and colour information. It can be seen that specific information should be considered in many practical problems to achieve better processing results.
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Sharad, Chakravarthy Namindi. "Public Commons for Geospatial Data: A Conceptual Model." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SharadCN2003.pdf.
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Basson, F. C. (Frederick Christoffel). "A spatial decision support system for groundwater abstraction impact assessment and licensing." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50279.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water resources in South Africa are limited and groundwater plays an important role in supporting basic human needs, sustaining ecosystems and enabling industrial and agricultural development. Sound management practices are necessary to ensure sustainable development of water resources. All groundwater usage must be licensed in compliance with the National Water Act of 1998. A Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) can be used to assist in the groundwater usage licensing process of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF). The main aim of this study was to develop a SDSS, named Groundwater Abstraction & Licence Evaluation Tool (GALET), that could assist in the process of allocating water use licences and determining the local impact of abstraction, based on existing theory and data. The development was done within ArcView 3.2 using the scripting language Avenue. The Sandveld, an arid stretch of land along the west coast of South Africa that is heavily impacted by groundwater abstraction, was the chosen study area. The data collected for this study included existing borehole, recharge, rainfall and geological information. GALET proved to be capable of calculating essential information needed to evaluate groundwater abstraction, which included drawdown in the water table, zone of influence and the possible effects on features such as rivers and wetlands. Targeted potential users regarded GALET as a useful tool in the process of licensing and groundwater abstraction impact assessment and plans are under way to implement GALET or a derivative thereof at the DWAF regional offices.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Waterhulpbronne in Suid-Afrika is beperk en grondwater speel 'n belangrike rol in die ondersteuning van basiese menslike behoeftes, volhouding van ekosisteme asook industriële en landbou-ontwikkeling. Betroubare bestuurspraktyke is noodsaaklik om die volhoubare ontwikkeling van waterhulpbronne te verseker. Alle grondwatergebruik moet volgens die Nasionale Waterwet van 1998 gelisensieer word. 'n Ruimtelike Besluitnemings Ondersteuning Stelsel (RBOS) kan as 'n hulpmiddel gebruik word in die lisensiëringsproses van die Departement van Waterwese en Bosbou. Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie was om 'n RBOS, genoem Groundwater Abstraction & Licence Evaluation Tool (GALET), te ontwikkel wat as hulpmiddel gebruik kan word in die allokeringsproses van watergebruiklisensies en die bepaling van die impak van grondwateronttrekking op die omgewing, gebaseer op bestaande teorie en data. Die ontwikkeling is in ArcView 3.2 met die programmeringstaal Avenue gedoen. Die Sandveld, 'n ariede streek aan die weskus van Suid-Afrika wat onderhewig is aan grootskaalse grondwateronttrekking, is gekies as die studie area. Die data wat vir hierdie studie ingesamel is sluit bestaande boorgat, grondwateraanvulling, reënval en geologiese inligting in. GALET was in staat om belangrike inligting aangaande die evaluering van grondwateronttrekking te bereken, o.a. die daling van die grondwatervlak, die impaksone en die moontlike effekte op landvorms soos riviere en vleilande. Die teikengroep potensiële gebruikers het GALET as 'n nuttige hulpmiddel in die proses van lisensiëring en grondwateronttrekking impakbepaling beskou en planne is onderweg om dit of 'n aangepaste program by die streekskantore van die Departement van Waterwese en Bosbou te implementeer.
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Mercier, Wilfred Jean-Baptiste. "Generation of Forest Stand Type Maps Using High-Resolution Digital Imagery." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MercierWJB2009.pdf.
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Shi, Xun. "Integrating case-based reasoning and geographic information system for urban planning /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21482421.
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Shi, Xun, and 施迅. "Integrating case-based reasoning and geographic information system forurban planning." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31221592.
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Devine, Jon. "Support Vector Methods for Higher-Level Event Extraction in Point Data." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DevineJ2009.pdf.
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麥淑嫻 and Shuk-han Ann Mak. "Automating knowledge acquisition and site-selection in a generic knowledge-based GIS system: a theoreticalstudy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240720.
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Slabber, Frans Bresler. "Semi-automated extraction of structural orientation data from aerospace imagery combined with digital elevation models." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005614.
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A computer-based method for determining the orientation of planar geological structures from remotely sensed images, utilizing digital geological images and digital elevation models (DEMs), is developed and assessed. The method relies on operator skill and experience to recognize geological structure traces on images, and then employs software routines (GEOSTRUC©) to calculate the orientation of selected structures. The operator selects three points on the trace of a planar geological feature as seen on a digital geological image that is co registered with a DEM of the same area. The orientation of the plane that contains the three points is determined using vector algebra equations. The program generates an ASCII data file which contains the orientation data as well as the geographical location of the measurements. This ASCII file can then be utilized in further analysis of the orientation data. The software development kit (SDK) for TNTmips v5.00, from MicroImages Inc. and operating in the X Windows environment, was employed to construct the software. The Watcom C\C++ Development Environment was used to generate the executable program, GEOSTRUC© . GEOSTRUC© was tested in two case studies. The case studies utilized digital data derived from the use of different techniques and from different sources which varied in scale and resolution. This was done to illustrate the versatility of the program and its application to a wide range of data types. On the whole, the results obtained using the GEOSTRUC© analyses compare favourably to field data from each test area. Use of the method to determine the orientation of axial planes in the case study revealed the usefulness of the method as a powerful analytic tool for use on a macroscopic scale. The method should not he applied in area with low variation in relief as the method proved to be less accurate in these areas. Advancements in imaging technology will serve to create images with better resolution, which will, in turn, improve the overall accuracy of the method.
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Leung, Tsui-shan, and 梁翠珊. "A functional analysis of GIS for slope management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31223072.
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陳柏慧 and Pak-wai Patty Chan. "Applications of the GIS to urban design in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980338.
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Matoti, Andiswa. "Assessing the groundwater resources within the Table Mountain Group using remote sensing and geographic information system." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53298.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Cape Town metropolitan area has limited water supply due to rapid population and urban growth. In many instances, surface water is the only source in water supply schemes. There is a need for additional water supplies to supplement the existing water sources. Groundwater systems can be used as primary or supplemental water supply sources especially in areas where there is high demand for water resources. The aim of this study is to evaluate the groundwater potential within the Table Mountain Group (TMG) with the assistance of remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). Previous hydrogeological studies have found the TMG to be the second largest hydrogeological unit in South Africa with extensively fractured and multi-porous rock. The study area is 5660 km2 with TMG covering 1336 km". In this study a Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image was used to identify lineaments. The identified lineaments were overlaid with vegetation, drainage patterns, faults and fractures digitized from 1:250 000 geological maps and borehole yields to show areas with promising groundwater resources. The results did not show correlation between vegetation and lineaments. Most of the lineaments intersected drainage lines at some points, and a few were parallel to the drainage lines. Forty five percent of the digitized faults and fractures overlap with the Landsat lineament. The most dominating lineaments are oriented in a NW-SE direction. High yielding boreholes with average yield of about 12 lIs were found within the distance of 150m from the lineaments. The lineaments were further analysed to locate areas that could be suitable for groundwater exploration. These areas were identified using Landsat lineaments, boreholes and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The results showed that the most favourable lineaments and geological features were oriented in a 135-180° and 0-45° direction and areas with slopes of less than 40% were found to be suitable for drilling boreholes. The amount of available groundwater within the TMG was also investigated by looking at both volume of recharge and amount that could be held in storage. Rainfall data was used to estimate recharge. Groundwater recharge was calculated to be 5% of the total precipitation that falls on this area. Based on the average rainfall of 600mm per annum, the results show that TMG has an average recharge value of 30mm per annum. The total recharge for the area covered by TMG, which has an area of 1336km2 , is 160 million nr'. Geological profiles and cross sections were drawn to determine the storage capacity of the TMG, which was estimated to be 525 million m.3 According to a study done by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DW AF) in 1996, the anticipated water demand in the Cape Town metropolitan area will increase from 243 million m3 in 1990 to 560 million m3 in 2020. The estimated volume of water that can be stored within the TMG can meet the current demand for the next 10 years and supplement the existing surface water sources. Groundwater vulnerability of the TMG to contamination was assessed and mapped by using the DRASTIC index. The results demonstrate that the TMG area is at low risk to contamination.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Vinnig groeiende bevolking en stedelike uitbreiding plaas toenemende druk op Kaapstad se water voorraad. Addisionele waterbronne sal benodig word om bestaande bronne aan te vul. Oppervlakwater is in die meeste gevalle die enigste waterbron, maar grondwater het die potensiaal om te dien as 'n primêre of aanvullende voorsieningsbron, veral in areas waar groot water tekorte bestaan. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die grondwaterpotensiaal van gesteentes van die Tafelberg Groep (TBG) te evalueer deur van afstandswaarneming en geografiese inligtingstelsels gebruik te maak. Geohidrologiese studies het getoon dat die TBG gesteentes met sy veelvuldige nate en breuksones, die tweede grootste geohidrologiese eenheid in Suid Afrika is. Die studiegebied beslaan 5660 km", waarvan 1336 km2 deur Tafelberg Sandsteen beslaan word. Vir hierdie studie is 'n "Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)" beeld gebruik in die identifisering van breuksones (lineamente). Verdere analises is uitgevoer om areas geskik vir grondwater ontginning te identifiseer. Geïdentifiseerde verskuiwings op Landsat beelde is met plantegroei, dreinerings patrone en bekende verskuiwings en fraktuur sones vanaf gelogiese kaarte vergelyk in 'n poging om areas met belowende grondwaterbronne uit te wys. Bekende boorgat posisies en lewerings volumes was 'n primêre databron vir die berekening van groundwater reserves. Die studie het egter geen korrelasie tussen plantegroei en die voorkoms van lineamente gevind nie. Die riviere in die studiegebied word op verskeie plekke deur verskuiwings gekruis. Slegs 'n paar van die verskuiwings lê parallel met die dreinering. Daar is gevind dat vyf-en-veertig persent van bekende verskuiwings en fraktuursones met die geïdentifiseerd op Landsat beelde oorvleuel. Die mees prominente lineamente het 'n NW-SO oriëntasie. Boorgate met lewerings van gemiddeld 12 lis is binne 'n 150m afstand van die verskuiwings gevind. Die verskuiwings is ook geanaliseer om die mees produktiewe areas vir grondwater ontginning te identifiseer. Landsat beelde, boorgate en 'n Digitale Elevasie Model (DEM) is gebruik om moontlike boorposisies te identifiseer. Die mees produktiewe verskuiwings en geologiese verskynsels het 'n N 135-180W en NO-450 oriëntasie, terwyl areas met 'n helling < 40% vir die boor van boorgate geskik is. Berekeninge oor die hoeveelheid water wat binne die TBG gesteentes beskikbaar is, is gemaak deur die hoeveelheid aanvulling en stoorkapasiteit van die TBG gesteentes te beraam. Grondwater aanvulling, soos bereken vanaf reënval data, is 5% van die totale presipitasie van 'n gegewe area. Met 'n gemiddelde jaarlikse reënval van 600mm in die studie gebied is die TBG se jaarlikse aanvulling ongeveer 30mm. Daar word beraam dat die totale aanvulling in die 1336km2 TBG area 160-miljoen m3 per jaar is. Geologiese profiele en dwarsnitte is gemaak om die stoorvermoë van die TBG te bepaal, en is beraam op 525-miljoen rrr'. 'n 1996 navorsing studie deur die Departement van Waterwese en Bosbou toon dat waterverbruik in die Kaapse Metropolitaanse gebied sal toeneem vanaf die 1990 vlak van 243-miljoen m3 tot 560 miljoen m3 teen 2020. Die berekende volume water wat binne die TBG gestoor word, kan die water aanvraag oor die volgende 10 jaar bevredig en as aanvulling dien vir oppervlak waterbronne. Die kwesbaarheid van die TBG akwifer vir besoedeling is met behulp van die DRASTIC indeks geëvalueer en gekarteer. Die resultate toon dat die TBG 'n lae risiko vir besoedeling het.
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Meyer, K. C. (Kobus Cornelius). "Development of a GIS for sea rescue." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53360.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Saving the life of another person cannot be measured in monetary terms. It is also impossible to describe the satisfactiori of carrying out a successful rescue to anybody. However, the disappointment and sense of failure when a rescue mission fails and a life is lost, is devastating. Many rescue workers, including those of the National Sea Rescue Institute (NSRI), have experienced this overwhelming sense of failure. Rescue workers often dwell on failed rescue attempts, wishing that they could have arrived on the scene earlier or knew where to start looking for people. The fact that lives are still lost, despite the best efforts of rescue workers, points to the need to improve on life saving techniques, procedures, equipment and technology. Providing the NSRI with a workable tool to help them manage and allocate resources, plan a rescue, determine drift speed and distance or create search patterns, may one day be just enough to save one more life. With this goal in mind, a search and rescue application, called RescueView, was developed utilising ArcView 3.2a. This application was specifically designed for use by the NSRI, and it will be used as a command centre in all NRSI control rooms and for all rescue efforts.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Om die lewe van 'n ander persoon te red, kan nie in geldwaarde gemeet word nie. Dit is ook onmoontlik om aan enige iemand die bevrediging van 'n suksesvolle redding te beskryf. Die terleurstelling en gevoel van verlies is egter baie groot wanneer 'n reddingspoging misluk en 'n lewe verloor word. Menige reddingswerkers, insluitend dié van die Nasional Seereddingsinstituut (NSRI), het al hierdie oorweldigende gevoel van mislukking ervaar. Reddingswerkers tob dikwels oor onsuksesvolle reddingspogings en wens dat hulle vroeër op die toneel aangekom het of geweet het waar om vir mense te begin soek. Die feit dat lewensverlies steeds plaasvind, ten spyte van reddingswerkers se beste pogings, dui op die behoefte om lewensreddingstegnieke, -prosedures, -toerusting en -tegnologie te verbeter. ( Deur die NSRI met 'n werkbare instrument te voorsien, wat hulle kan help om hulpbronne te bestuur en toe te wys, 'n redding te beplan, dryfspoed en -afstand te bepaal of soekpatrone te skep, mag eendag dalk net genoeg wees om nog 'n lewe te red. Met hierdie doel in gedagte is RescueView, 'n soek- en reddingsapplikasie, deur middel van ArcView 3.2a ontwikkel. Hierdie applikasie is spesifiek ontwerp vir gebruik deur die NSRI en dit sal as beheersentrurn in alle NSRI kontrolekamers en vir alle reddingspogings gebruik word.
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Merlo, Stefania. "Contextualising intra-site spatial analysis : the role of three-dimensional GIS modelling in understanding excavation data." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609386.
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Lam, Shan-shan Vicky, and 林珊珊. "Network and urban form analyses: an approach to routing bus transit in geographic information systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4212850X.
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Hammam, Yasser, and n/a. "Geographical vector agents." University of Otago. Department of Information Science, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080404.150839.
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Simulating geographic phenomena in a realistic and plausible way requires real-world entities to be abstracted based on the dynamic physical characteristics they exhibit, and treated as individuals in a simulation domain. These processes cannot be adequately supported by the traditional spatial model based on cellular-space such as Cellular Automata (CA). Although this approach has received a great attention as a most favoured technique for simulating the geographic phenomena from different aspects, the need for a generic spatial model to overcome the limitations encountered in such an approach has been raised. This applies particularly to the way real-world entities are represented in a simulation domain regarding their physical characteristics and temporal aspects.
In this thesis, a new computational approach for a spatial model suitable for simulating geographic phenomena is presented: the vector agents model. The vector agent is goal-oriented, adaptable, physically defined by an Euclidean geometry and able to change its own geometric characteristics while interacting with other agents in its neighbourhood using a set of rules. The agent is modelled with sensor, state, and strategies. The successful implementation of the model�s architecture allows the representation of the physical characteristics of real-world entities and to observe their complex and dynamic behaviour in a simulation domain. Vector agents have developed out of a need to create a systematic basis for the geometric components of Geographic Automata Systems (GAS), as outlined by Torrens and Benenson (2005).
A generic vector agents model was built, then tested and validated from different aspects, from which results demonstrated the model�s efficiency. It is confirmed that vector agents are flexible in producing different complex shapes and patterns for recreating real geographic phenomena through the generic use of three algorithms of geometric manipulation: midpoint displacement by using the relaxed Brownian Motion (fractal-like) algorithm, edge displacement and vertex displacement. The effectiveness of this was initially ascertained visually. A simple heuristic to govern shape growth rate and complexity was derived based on the interplay of the three algorithms. There was a further abstract model comparison against the cellular-agents environment, with the result that vector agents have the ability to emerge patterns similar to what can be produced by cellular-agents with the advantage of representing entities as individuals with their own attributes with realistic geometric boundaries. On the other hand, the city as a complex geographic phenomenon was used as a specific domain for validating the model with a real-world system. The results of the urban land use simulations (driven by simple rules based on three classical urban theories) confirmed that: (a) the model is flexible enough to incorporate various external rules based on real-world systems and (b) the model has a sufficient capability in emerging a variety of patterns under several environments close to actual patterns. The agent environment also proved to be an effective way of easily combining the rules associated with each urban theory (different agents behaved according to different theories). Finally, limitations raised through the development of this work are addressed leading to outline possible extensions of both model computation and the domain of applications.
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Ho, Chi-fai Thomas, and 何志輝. "Developing planning support system for heritage conservation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31261267.
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Pettit, Louise Manda. "An appraisal of the production and utility of digital atlases in Africa: a case study of Swaziland." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005490.
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This research will appraise the production and utility of digital atlases in an African context, using personal experience gained through the production of a digital atlas for Swaziland, the opinions obtained from other producers of African digital atlases and relevant literature. Since the 1950s, decision makers and researchers have viewed information as a powerful contributor to national development. Over the past thirty years, developed countries have increased the efficient collation and dissemination of geographic information through the utilization of the digital environment. The development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has increased the range of applications attainable in digital mapping projects. Applications have ranged from resource inventories to the monitoring of environmental degradation, crime patterns and service provision. The patchy history of data collection, analysis and mapping in Africa, has had a limiting effect on the ability of countries to identify, plan and control their resources efficiently. Despite the desire to automate the mapping process and reap some of the planning benefits evident in the developed world, Africa has not succeeded in mobilising full technological potential. Political instability, poor infrastructure, the absence of national policy guidelines, and a lack of skilled manpower are some of the issues which have limited utilization. Despite many of the hurdles faced by African countries, automated mapping and analysis technologies are still being pursued. The role of computers in the utilisation of data has become apparent through several means, one of which is the digital atlas. Analytical functions in many of these products allow situation modelling and provide superior graphic displays in comparison to their paper counterparts. Several African countries have embarked on the development of national digital databases and in some cases have produced digital national atlases. The potential to improve resource utilization, service provision and land use planning using these atlases, does exist. The production and utility of these atlases in an African context, however, needs closer assessment. "Computers don't clothe, don't cure, don't feed. Their power begins and ends with information. Their usefulness is therefore strictly linked to the ffectiveness of the information" (Gardner,1993:16).
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Wilmot, Peter Nicholas. "Modelling cooling tower risk for Legionnaires' Disease using Bayesian Networks and Geographic Information Systems." Title page, contents and conclusion only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SIS.M/09sismw744.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-120) Establishes a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) to model uncertainty of aerosols released from cooling towers and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to create a wind dispersal model and identify potential cooling towers as the source of infection. Demonstrates the use of GIS and BBN in environmental epidemiology and the power of spatial information in the area of health.
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Yip, Kin-man Ernest, and 葉健文. "Developing a city skyline for Hong Kong using GIS and urban design guidelines." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B27049802.
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Ho, Lee-kin Joe, and 何利堅. "Incorporating GIS and CAD technologies in the modelling of three-dimensional urban landscape of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42575229.
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Viljoen, Sarel Johannes. "Creation of a hydrological modelling environment to assist in the decision making of water-related activities." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/96.
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Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007In South Africa, water is a scarce resource and it has become very important to manage this resource effectively. The State developed a regulating framework, under the hospice of the Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry, which protects the country‟s water resources from over-exploitation by ensuring that it is protected, used, developed, conserved, and managed, in a sustainable and equitable manner. The laws and policies governing the use of water resources are contained in the National Water Act (South Africa, 1998), the National Water Policy (South Africa, 1997a), the National Water Resource Strategy, and the Water Services Act (South Africa, 1997b). In addition some water-related functions were transferred to Catchment Management Agencies and Water Users‟ Associations, and it is their task to ensure that the strategies, laws and policies are implemented. Effective water management can only be performed by making use of hydroinformatics which assists with simulations and estimations. As a result input data will be collected, added to a Relational Database Management System and output results generated. A Geographic Information System with the support of a geodatabase will allow users to store spatial and temporal data. The research project investigated different water-related data models (ArcHydro, Hydstra, GML, HYMOS, and WinHSPF), as well as hydrological modelling frameworks (BASINS, OMS, OpenMI, SPATSIM, and TIME) to determine whether they were adequate to assist with the decision making of water-related activities. It was found that these data models and hydrological modelling frameworks did not allow users to add new datasets to their existing data structures and in many cases only had a limited set of functions. For these reasons it was decided to develop a comprehensive, modifiable, geodatabase that will function in a modelling environment which will allow users to save their data in a centralised database. Additionally the functionality provided by other data models and modelling frameworks may be linked and used in the new modelling environment. A methodology that has been followed was to first establish the objectives of the research project, gather the necessary data, investigate various data models and hydrological modelling frameworks, determine the requirements for the modelling environment, design and create the modelling environment, design and create the geodatabase, and finally selecting the study area which will provide the research project with the necessary data. The following findings were made concerning the research project: firstly, that ArcHydro will be used as example data model to assist in designing the geodatabase. Secondly, that UML will be used as a development tool to assist with the development of the geodatabase. Thirdly, that the geodatabase will be generated from the XML schema and be made available to ArcCatalog. Fourthly, that data from different users/providers (Hydstra, Stats SA, Weather Bureau, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, etc.) be inserted into the geodatabase. Fifthly, that any other hydrological modelling framework may make use of the data stored in the geodatabase. Finally, ArcGIS was selected as GIS application and Microsoft Access as a storage area.
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Shea, Geoffrey Yu Kai Surveying & Spatial Information Systems Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "A Web-Based Approach to the Integration of Diverse Data Sources for GIS." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Surveying and Spatial Information Systems, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17855.
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The rigorous developments of GIS over the past decades have enabled application developers to create powerful systems that are used to facilitate the management of spatial data. Unfortunately, each one of these systems is specific to a local service, with little or no interconnection with services in other locales. This makes it virtually impossible to perform dynamic and interactive GIS operations across multiple locales which have similar or dissimilar system configurations. The Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) resolved the problems partially by offering excellent conceptual and logical abstraction model for data exchange. Recent advancements of the Internet enlightened the GIS community as to the realization of an ideal concept of information interchange. A suite of new technologies that embraces Extensible Markup Language (XML), Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), Portable Network Graphics (PNG) and Java creates a powerful and new perspective that can be applied to all phases of online GIS system development. The online GIS is a Web-based approach to integrating diverse spatial data sources for GIS applications. To address the spatial data integration options and implications related to the Web-based approach the investigation was undertaken in 5 phases: (1) Determine the mapping requirements of graphic and non-graphic spatial data for online GIS application; (2) Analyze the requirements of spatial data integration for online environments; (3) Investigate a suitable method for integrating different formats of spatial data; (4) Study the feasibility and applicability of setting up the online GIS; and (5) Develop a prototype for online sharing of teaching resources. Resulting from the critical review on current Internet technology, a conceptual framework for spatial data integration was proposed. This framework was based on the emerging Internet technology on XML, SVG, PNG, and Java. It was comprised of four loosely coupled modules, namely, Application Interface, Presentation, Integrator, and Data module. This loosely coupled framework provides an environment that will be independent of the underlying GIS data structure and makes it easy to change or update the system as a new task or knowledge is acquired. A feasibility study was conducted to test the applicability for the proposed conceptual framework. A detailed user requirements and system specification was thus devised from the feasibility study. These user requirements and system specification provided some guidelines for online GIS application development. They were expressed specifically in terms of six aspects: (1) User; (2) Teaching resources management; (3) Data; (4) Cartography; (5) Functions; and (6) Software development configuration. A prototype system based on some of the devised system specifications was developed. In the prototype software design, the architecture of a Three-Tier Client-Server computing model was adopted. Due to the inadequacy of native support for SVG and PNG in all currently available Web browsers, the prototype was thus implemented in HTML, Java and vendor specific vector format. The prototype demonstrated how teaching resources from a variety of sources and format (including map data and non-map resources) were integrated and shared. The implementation of the prototype revealed that the Web is still an ideal medium for providing wider accessibility of geographical information to a larger number of users through a corporate intranet or the Internet cost-effectively. The investigation concluded that current WWW technology is limited in its capability for spatial data integration and delivering online functionality. However, developing of XML-based GIS data model and graphic standards SVG and PNG for structuring and transferring spatial data on the Internet appear to be providing solutions to the current limitations. It is believed that the ideal world where everyone retrieving spatial information contextually through a Web browser disregarding the information format and location will eventually become true.
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Samdadia, Viren V. "Integration of 3 dimensional parametric building model with geographic information systems in educational facilities planning and management." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0608104-113001/.
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