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1

Li, Yecai. "Airborne gravimetry for geoid determination." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/NQ54797.pdf.

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2

Garcia, Ramon V. "Local geoid determination from GRACE mission /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486398195325232.

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3

Serpas, Juan Gilberto. "Local and regional geoid determination from vector airborne gravimetry." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1066757143.

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4

Wan, Mohd Akib Wan Abdul Aziz. "A preliminary determination of a gravimetric geoid in Peninsular Malaysia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283665.

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5

Kamarudin, Md Nor. "Local geoid determination from a combination of gravity and GPS data." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363535.

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6

Inerbayeva, (Shoganbekova) Daniya. "Determination of a gravimetric geoid model of Kazakhstan using the KTH-method." Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik och Geodesi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-52284.

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This study work deals with the determination of the gravimetric geoid model for Kazakhstan by using the KTH-method. A number of data sets were collected for this work, such as the gravity anomalies, high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) and GPS/Levelling data. These data has been optimally combined through the KTH approach, developed at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm. According to this stochastic method, Stokes’ formula is being used with the original surface gravity anomaly, which combine with a GGM yields approximate geoid heights. The corrected geoid heights are then obtained by adding the topographic, downward continuation, atmospheric and ellipsoidal corrections to the approximate geoid heights. To compute the geoid model for Kazakhstan as accurately as possible with available data set different numerical tests have been performed: Choice of the best fit geopotential model in the computation area Investigations for the best choice of the initial condition for determination of the least-squares parameters Selection of the best parametric model for reducing the effect of the systematic error and data inconsistencies between computed geoid heights and GPS/Levelling heights.  Finally, 5'x5' Kazakh gravimetric geoid (KazGM2010) has been modelled.
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7

Nahavandchi, Hossein. "Precise gravimetric-GPS geoid determination with improved topographic corrections applied over Sweden." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2726.

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8

Featherstone, William Edward. "A G.P.S. controlled gravimetric determination of the geoid of the British Isles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306204.

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9

Abdalla, Ahmed. "Determination of a gravimetric geoid model of Sudan using the KTH method." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199670.

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The main objective of this study is to compute a new gravimetric geoid model of Sudan using the KTH method based on modification of Stokes’ formula for geoid determination. The modified Stokes’ formula combines regional terrestrial gravity with long-wavelength gravity information provided by the global gravitational model (GGM). The collected datasets for this study contained the terrestrial gravity measurements, digital elevation model (DEM), GPS/levelling data and four global gravitational Models (GGMs), (EGM96, EIGEN-GRACE02S, EIGEN-GL04C and GGM03S). The gravity data underwent cross validation technique for outliers detection, three gridding algorithms (Kriging, Inverse Distance Weighting and Nearest Neighbor) have been tested, thereafter the best interpolation approach has been chosen for gridding the refined gravity data. The GGMs contributions were evaluated with GPS/levelling data to choose the best one to be used in the combined formula. In this study three stochastic modification methods of Stokes’ formula (Optimum, Unbiased and Biased) were performed, hence an approximate geoid height was computed. Thereafter, some additive corrections (Topographic, Downward Continuation, Atmospheric and Ellipsoidal) were added to the approximated geoid height to get corrected geoid height. The new gravimetric geoid model (KTH-SDG08) has been determined over the whole country of Sudan at 5′ x 5′ grid for area ( 4 ). The optimum method provides the best agreement with GPS/levelling estimated to 29 cm while the agreement for the relative geoid heights to 0.493 ppm. A comparison has also been made between the new geoid model and a previous model, determined in 1991 and shows better accuracy. 􀁄 ≤φ ≤ 23􀁄 , 22􀁄 ≤ λ ≤ 38􀁄 Keywords: geoid model, KTH method, stochastic modification methods, modified Stokes’ formula, additive corrections.
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10

Zhang, Kefei. "An evaluation of FFT geoid determination techniques and their application to height determination using GPS in Australia." Curtin University of Technology, School of Surveying and Land Information, 1997. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11047.

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A new, high resolution, high precision and accuracy gravimetric geoid of Australia has been produced using updated data, theory and computational methodologies. The fast Fourier transform technique is applied to the computation of the geoid and terrain effects. The long, medium and short wavelength components of the geoid are determined from the OSU91A global geopotential model, 2'x2' (residual gravity anomalies in a 3 degrees cap and 1'x1' digital terrain model (DTM), respectively.Satellite altimeter gravity data have been combined with marine gravity data to improve the coverage of the gravity data, and thus the quality of the geoid. The best gridding procedure for gravity data has been studied and applied to the gravity data gridding. It is found that the gravity field of Australia behaves quite differently. None of the free-air, Bouguer or topographic-isostatic gravity anomalies are consistently the smoothest. The Bouguer anomaly is often rougher than the free-air anomaly and thus should be not used for gravity field gridding. It is also revealed that in some regions the topography often contains longer wavelength features than the gravity anomalies.It is demonstrated that the inclusion of terrain effects is crucial for the determination of an accurate gravimetric geoid. Both the direct and indirect terrain effects need to be taken into account in the precise geoid determination of Australia. The existing AUSGEOID93 could be in error up to 0.7m in terms of the terrain effect only. In addition, a series of formulas have been developed to evaluate the precision of the terrain effects. These formulas allow the effectiveness of the terrain correction and precision requirement for a given DTM to be studied. It is recommended that the newly released 9"x9" DTM could be more effectively used if it is based on 15"x15" grid.It is estimated from comparisons with Global ++
Positioning System (GPS) and Australian Height Datum Data that the absolute accuracy of the new geoid is better than 33cm and the relative precision of the new geoid is better than 10~20cm. This new geoid can support Australian GPS heighting to third-order specifications.
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11

Esan, Olugbenga. "Spectral analysis of gravity field data in view of sub-decimeter geoid determination." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0015/MQ55259.pdf.

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12

Daras, IIias. "Determination of a gravimetric geoid model of Greece using the method of KTH." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199682.

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The main purpose of this study is to compute a gravimetric geoid model of Greeceusing the least squares modification method developed at KTH. In regional gravimetricgeoid determination, the modified Stokes’s formula that combines local terrestrial datawith a global geopotential model is often used nowadays.In this study, the optimum modification of Stokes’s formula, introduced by ProfessorSjöberg, is employed so that the expected mean square error (MSE) of all possiblesolutions of the general geoid model is minimized. According to this stochasticmethod, the Stokes’s formula is being used with the original surface gravity anomalywhich combined with a GGM yields an approximate geoid height. The corrected geoidheight is then obtained by adding the topographic, downward continuation,atmospheric and ellipsoidal corrections to the approximate geoid height.The dataset used for the computations, consisted of terrestrial gravimetricmeasurements, a DEM model and GPS/Levelling data for the Greek region. Threeglobal geopotential models (EGM96, EIGEN-GRACE02S, EIGEN-GL04C) weretested for choosing the best GGM to be combined into the final solution. Regarding theevaluation and refinement of the terrestrial gravity measurements, the cross-validationtechnique has been used for detection of outliers.The new Greek gravimetric geoid model was evaluated with 18 GPS/Levelling pointsof the Greek geodetic network. The absolute agreement between the gravimetric andthe GPS/Levelling geoid height was estimated at 27 cm while the relative agreement at0.9 ppm. In a case of study the absolute accuracy of the model was estimated at 14 cm.The geoid model computed in this study was also compared with some previous Greekgeoid models, yielding better external accuracy than them.
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13

Gachari, Moses Karoki. "Determination of a gravimetric geoid for the eastern Africa region : the classical and spectral approaches." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337722.

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14

Yang, Hyo Jin. "Geoid Determination based on a Combination of Terrestrial and Airborne Gravity Data in South Korea." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1388677708.

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15

Ågren, Jonas. "Regional Geoid Determination Methods for the Era of Satellite Gravimetry : Numerical Investigations Using Synthetic Earth Gravity Models." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Infrastructure, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-55.

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It is the purpose of this thesis to investigate different regional geoid determination methods with respect to their feasibility for use with a future GOCE satellite-only Earth Gravity Model (EGM). This includes investigations of various techniques, which involve different approximations, as well as the expected accuracy. Many, but not all, of these tasks are tested by means of Synthetic Earth Gravity Models (SEGMs). The study is limited to remove-compute-restore methods using Helmert condensation and to Sjöberg's combined approach (method with additive corrections).

First, a number of modifications of Stokes' formula are tested with respect to their compatibility with a GOCE EGM having negligible commission error. It is concluded that the least squares modification method should be preferred.

Next, two new point-mass SEGMs are constructed in such a way that the resulting models have degree variances representative for the full and topographically reduced gravity fields, respectively. These SEGMs are then used to test different methods for modified Stokes' integration and downward continuation. It is concluded that the combined method requires dense observations, obtained from the given surface anomalies by interpolation using a reduction for all known density anomalies, most notably the topography. Examples of other conclusions are that the downward continuation method of Sjöberg (2003a) performs well numerically.

To be able to test topographic corrections, another SEGM is constructed starting from the reduced point-mass model, to which the topography, bathymetry and isostatic compensation are added. This model, which is called the Nordic SEGM, is then applied to test one strict and one more approximate approach to Helmert's condensation. One conclusion here is that Helmert's 1st method with the condensation layer 21 km below sea level should be preferred to Helmert's 2nd condensation strategy.

The thesis ends with a number of investigations of Sjöberg's combined approach to geoid determination, which include tests using the Nordic SEGM. It is concluded that the method works well in practice for a region like Scandinavia. It is finally shown how the combined strategy may preferably be used to estimate height anomalies directly.

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16

Ågren, Jonas. "Regional geoid determination methods for the era of satellite gravimetry : numerical investigations using synthetic earth gravity models /." Stockholm, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-55.

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17

Mphuthi, Siphiwe M. Matthews. "A comparison of the least squares collocation and the fast Fourier transform methods for gravimetric geoid determination." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22854.

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The objective of the research was to study the performance of the least squares collocation (LSC) and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques for gravimetric geoid computation. The Land Levelling Datum (LLD) is the South African vertical datum based on more than 100 years old tide gauge measurements of mean sea level (MSL). The LLD is poorly defined so an alternative is required. The SAGEOID10 (Merry, 2009) hybrid geoid model was computed for the purpose of replacing the existing vertical datum. Two gravimetric geoid models were computed using different techniques for evaluation of the Stokes' integral, such as, LSC and one dimensional fast Fourier transform (1D-FFT) technique. The long wavelength component of the geoid models were computed using the EGM2008 geopotential model truncated at degree 720. The use of fast spectral techniques is required due to an increase of both quality and type of data available for geoid determination. The FFT method is most reliable than the LSC method, since it requires less computational time on large data set than the LSC. A system of linear equations of order equal to the number of data points is generated on the LSC method. The geoid model was computed over the province of Gauteng. It was then compared to the SAGEOID10 hybrid geoid model. The computed geoid models, SiPLSC and SiPFFT geoid model compared to the SAGEOID10 model with standard deviation of 5.6cm. The long wavelength component of the computed geoid model compared to the EGM2008 geopotential geoid model with a standard deviation of 4.2cm.
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18

Hwang, Cheinway. "Orthogonal functions over the oceans and applications to the determination of orbit error, geoid and sea surface topography from satellite altimetry /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487758680161533.

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19

Odera, Patroba Achola. "Precise determination of a local geoid model and a reference height system for the establishment of a modern vertical geodetic datum." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/161036.

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20

Kiamehr, Ramin. "Precise Gravimetric Geoid Model for Iran Based on GRACE and SRTM Data and the Least-Squares Modification of Stokes’ Formula : with Some Geodynamic Interpretations." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Transporter och samhällsekonomi (stängd 20110301), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4125.

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Iran is one of the most complicated areas in the world from the view of rough topography, tectonic activity, large lateral density and geoidal height variations. The computation of a regional gravimetric geoid model with high accuracy in mountainous regions, especially with sparse data, is a difficult task that needs a special attention to obtain reliable results which can meet the needs of the today geodetic community. In this research different heterogeneous data has been used, which includes gravity anomalies, the high-resolution SRTM Digital Elevation Model (DEM), recently published GRACE Global Geopotential Models (GGMs), geological maps and GPS/levelling data. The above data has been optimally combined through the least-squares modification of Stokes formula with additive corrections. Regarding the data evaluation and refinement, the cross-validation technique has been used for detection of outliers. Also, several GGMs and DEMs are evaluated with GPS/levelling data. The impact of utilizing a high resolution SRTM DEM to improve the accuracy of the geoid model has been studied. Also, a density variation model has been established, and its effect on the accuracy of the geoid was investigated. Thereafter a new height datum for Iran was established based on the corrective surface idea. Finally, it was found that there is a significant correlation between the lateral geoid slope and the tectonic activities in Iran. We show that our hybrid gravimetric geoid model IRG04 agrees considerably better with GPS/levelling than any of the other recent local geoid models in the area. Its RMS fit with GPS/levelling is 27 cm and 3.8 ppm in the absolute and relative senses, respectively. Moreover, the relative accuracy of the IRG04 geoid model is at least 4 times better than any of the previously published global and regional geoid models in the area. Also, the RMS fit of the combined surface model (IRG04C) versus independent precise GPS/levelling is almost 4 times better compared to the original gravimetric geoid model (IRG04). These achievements clearly show the effect of the new gravity database and the SRTM data for the regional geoid determination in Iran based on the least-squares modification of Stokes’ formula.

QC 20100906

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21

Ma, Wei-Ming. "Local geoid determination using the Global Positioning System." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23288.

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22

Shih, Hsuan-Chang, and 施亘昶. "Multiple-altitude airborne gravity surveys and applications to geoid determination and Kuroshio Current." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23065363156905077284.

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博士
國立交通大學
土木工程學系
98
Multiple-altitude airborne gravity data are now available due to the effort of Ministry of the Interior, Taiwan and are distributed at the altitudes of 5000 m and 1500 m, covering the Taiwan Island, Kuroshio Current east of Taiwan, Taiwan Strait and Dongsha Atoll. The computer programs for the data reduction and accuracy analysis of scalar airborne gravimetry have been developed and produced reliable gravity data at the three airborne gravity surveys. Several de-noising tools, including the Gaussian filter, Butterworth filter and EEMD of HHT, were evaluated using a survey line from the Kuroshio Current airborne gravity survey. A filter width between 150 to 180 s is appropriate between noise reduction and gravity signal preservation. The analysis of a survey line from the Kuroshio survey shows the outlier detection and down-weighting technique yields an improvement of 0.69 mgal (compared with upward-continued surface gravity). The accuracy of the gravity anomalies from the three airborne gravity surveys is about 2 to 4 mgal. The spatial resolutions are 6 and 8 km (half-wavelength) at the altitudes of 1500 m and 5000 m, respectively. The airborne gravity anomalies agree well with the upward-continued surface gravity anomalies, except over high mountainous areas and locations with sparse surface gravity. For one cm-level geoid model a band-limited LSC, combining airborne and surface gravity data, in the RCR procedure was used. Evaluation of EGM08 using GPS/leveling-derived geoid undulations and surface gravity anomalies around Taiwan shows the improvements both on the gravity anomaly and height anomaly. The grid of TWDTM2008 was assessed by the leveling-derived heights at the benchmarks and shows a standard deviation of 5.25 m. The geoid model, Model 7, show yields standard deviations of 2.2, 6.6, 7.6 and 4.8 cm along the north, east, central and south first-order GPS/leveling routes, respectively. A crossover method for computing zonal and meridional ocean current components was developed. The error analysis concludes that a DOT at mm-level accuracy is needed to obtain ocean current velocities at the 10 cm•s-1 accuracy and 6 km resolution. To achieve a 10 cm•s-1 accuracy, the DOT must be filtered to a 100 km spatial resolution or coarser. Ocean currents at the T/P and JASON-1 crossover A and B were in-situ compared with the model-derived velocities and show a good agreement.
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23

Tseng, Jung-Ho, and 鄭榮和. "Orthometric Height Determination by GPS Ellipsoidal Heights and a prior Information of Local Geoid." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89196148514682628033.

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碩士
國立成功大學
測量工程學系
89
The datum inconsistency must be taken into consideration for the orthometric height determination by integration of GPS heights,spirit heights and the geoidal undulation ,because those heights refer to different reference surfaces. In the study, a height datum transformation model has been developed,and the least squares collocation has been used for solving the systematic errors caused by a priori undulation model and height networks. It is shown that the transformation model developed in the study can improve the absolute accuracy of orthometric heights compared with models that do not consider the datum inconsistency problem and the systematic errors. The absolute accuracy of transformed orthometric heights is about 2-3 cm both for the local and for linear leveling height transformation with a global undulation model EGM96 or a local undulation model. But the relative accuracy of all transformation models tested in the study is similar.
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24

Liu, Hui-Ching, and 劉蕙菁. "A Study on the Determination of the Best Taiwan Geoid Model Using Gravity Method." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86247730879748389367.

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碩士
國立交通大學
土木工程系
91
Due to the rapid development of GPS technique these years, it has been extensively applied to physical geodesy. GPS technique can obtain high-accuracy ellipsoidal heights, and change the face and concept of traditional heighting procedure. However, leveling height is orthometric and GPS height is ellipsoidal, so geoid undulation is essential for relating the two. If we can build up a high-accuracy geoid model, then GPS will be an inexpensive method to measure orthometric. The geoid model has been strictly computed for Taiwan area in this research using Stokes’ formula with two-dimensional plane fast fourier transform (2D Plane FFT), one-dimensional spherical fast fourier transform (1D Spherical FFT) techniques and least square collocation (LSC) methods by remove-compute-restore technique. The computations of geoid undulations were carried out using data from EGM96 spherical harmonic model and residual terrain model for Taiwan. We use some gravity anomaly data, which are measured in different time, different distribution and different density, to compute the best Taiwan geoid model, and checked the accuracy of these models by GPS/Leveling observations. The numerical analysis results show that the result using gravity anomaly collected by Academia Sinica (Yen et al., 1990) is better than other three items. The root mean square of the difference between the geoid undulations computed by gravimetric and GPS/Leveling methods is about 5 cm. According to the results, Stokes’ formula with 1D Spherical FFT is better then 2D Plane FFT method, and LSC is the best one. Moreover, the best Taiwan geoid computed by gravimetric is about 12.993 m to 28.564 m. The maximum, minimum, standard deviation, and root mean square of the difference between the geoid undulations computed by gravimetric and GPS/Leveling methods are 5.8, -9.5, 2.56 and 4.78 cm.
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25

Chen, Wei-Yao, and 陳緯耀. "A Study of Determination of Taiwan’s Local Geoid by Combination of GPS, Leveling amd Gravity Data with Point Masses." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08958507492680862301.

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碩士
國立成功大學
測量及空間資訊學系碩博士班
94
Abstract In this study, a combination of GPS, leveling, local gravity data and the global gravity model EGM96 with the point mass model is presented for the local geoid determination in Taiwan’s area. The observations include 1719 ellipsoidal height data from GPS measurement and leveling height data at benchmanks of first order in Taiwan as well as a set of free-air gravity anomaly data. Since the point mass model has a close relation with the local mass distribution, the global parameters used in the point mass model may be not suitable for local use. Hence, the parameters in the point mass model, namely the size of grids, the depth of mass points and sampling range are investigated in detail. Our experiments show that the entire accuracy at a 9 cm level is achievable, and the accuracy in the mountain’s area is about 13 cm.
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