Relevant bibliographies by topics / Geoid Height

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Geoid Height'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Geoid Height"

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Balodis, Janis, Katerina Morozova, Gunars Silabriedis, Maris Kalinka, Kriss Balodis, Ingus Mitrofanovs, Irina Baltmane, and Izolde Jumare. "CHANGING THE NATIONAL HEIGHT SYSTEM AND GEOID MODEL IN LATVIA." Geodesy and cartography 42, no. 1 (April 8, 2016): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2016.1168009.

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According to the decision of IAG Reference Frame Sub-commission for Europe (EUREF) the EVRF2007 solution as the vertical reference has to be deployed in EU countries.The new height system LAS-2000,5 had been enacted as the European Vertical Reference System‘s EVRF2007 realization in Latvia and the new geoid model LV‘14 had been introduced by Latvian authority Latvian Geospatial Information Agency. However, the appreciation of the quality of quasi-geoid model LV‘14 is rather contradictious among the users in Latvia. The independent estimate and comparison of the two Latvian geoid models developed till now has been performed by the Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics. Previous geoid model LV98 which was developed for Baltic-1977 height system almost 20 years ago is outdated now. Preparatory actions described in order to fulfil the task of comparison the geoids in two different height systems. The equations and transformation parameters are presented in this article for the normal height conversion from Baltic-1977 height system to the Latvian realization named LAS-2000,5. The comparison is performed of both Latvian quasigeoid models – the new one LV‘14 and previous LV98. The quality of both models estimated by controlling the geoid heights at the properly densified GNSS/levelling network sites. The distribution of discrepancies in comparison with normal distribution N(x,μ,s) is depicted in corresponding figures. For LV‘14 quasi-geoid model the standard deviation of discrepancies is 3.2 cm, 75% of discrepancies x ≤ 3.2 cm. For LV98 quasigeoid model the standard deviation of discrepancies is 4.7 cm, 80% of discrepancies x ≤ 6 cm. Without doubt, the newly developed LV‘14 quasi-geoid model is of higher quality.
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Infante, Claudia, Claudia Tocho, and Daniel Del Cogliano. "ANALYSIS OF ISOSTATICALLY-BALANCED CORTICAL MODELS USING MODERN GLOBAL GEOPOTENTIAL MODELS." Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas 23, no. 4 (December 2017): 623–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702017000400041.

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Abstract: The knowledge of the Earth's gravity field and its temporal variations is the main goal of the dedicated gravity field missions CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE. Since then, several global geopotential models (GGMs) have been released. This paper uses geoid heights derived from global geopotential models to analyze the cortical features of the Tandilia structure which is assumed to be in isostatic equilibrium. The geoid heights are suitably filtered so that the structure becomes apparent as a residual geoid height. Assuming that the geological structure is in isostatic equilibrium, the residual geoid height can be assimilated and compared to the isostatic geoid height generated from an isostatically compensated crust. The residual geoid height was obtained from the EGM2008 and the EIGEN-6C4 global geopotential models, respectively. The isostatic geoid was computed using the cortical parameters from the global crustal models GEMMA and CRUST 1.0 and from local parameters determined in the area under study. The obtained results make it clear that the isostatic geoid height might become appropriate to validate crustal models if the structures analyzed show evidence of being in isostatic equilibrium.
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Sjöberg, Lars E. "On the topographic bias and density distribution in modelling the geoid and orthometric heights." Journal of Geodetic Science 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2018-0004.

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Abstract It is well known that the success in precise determinations of the gravimetric geoid height (N) and the orthometric height (H) rely on the knowledge of the topographic mass distribution. We show that the residual topographic bias due to an imprecise information on the topographic density is practically the same for N and H, but with opposite signs. This result is demonstrated both for the Helmert orthometric height and for a more precise orthometric height derived by analytical continuation of the external geopotential to the geoid. This result leads to the conclusion that precise gravimetric geoid heights cannot be validated by GNSS-levelling geoid heights in mountainous regions for the errors caused by the incorrect modelling of the topographic mass distribution, because this uncertainty is hidden in the difference between the two geoid estimators.
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Sjöberg, Lars E. "On the geoid and orthometric height vs. quasigeoid and normal height." Journal of Geodetic Science 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2018-0011.

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Abstract The geoid, but not the quasigeoid, is an equipotential surface in the Earth’s gravity field that can serve both as a geodetic datum and a reference surface in geophysics. It is also a natural zero-level surface, as it agrees with the undisturbed mean sea level. Orthometric heights are physical heights above the geoid,while normal heights are geometric heights (of the telluroid) above the reference ellipsoid. Normal heights and the quasigeoid can be determined without any information on the Earth’s topographic density distribution, which is not the case for orthometric heights and geoid. We show from various derivations that the difference between the geoid and the quasigeoid heights, being of the order of 5 m, can be expressed by the simple Bouguer gravity anomaly as the only term that includes the topographic density distribution. This implies that recent formulas, including the refined Bouguer anomaly and a difference between topographic gravity potentials, do not necessarily improve the result. Intuitively one may assume that the quasigeoid, closely related with the Earth’s surface, is rougher than the geoid. For numerical studies the topography is usually divided into blocks of mean elevations, excluding the problem with a non-star shaped Earth. In this case the smoothness of both types of geoid models are affected by the slope of the terrain,which shows that even at high resolutions with ultra-small blocks the geoid model is likely as rough as the quasigeoid model. In case of the real Earth there are areas where the quasigeoid, but not the geoid, is ambiguous, and this problem increases with the numerical resolution of the requested solution. These ambiguities affect also normal and orthometric heights. However, this problem can be solved by using the mean quasigeoid model defined by using average topographic heights at any requested resolution. An exact solution of the ambiguity for the normal height/quasigeoid can be provided by GNSS-levelling.
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Doganalp, Serkan. "An Evaluation of Recent Global Geopotential Models for Strip Area Project in Turkey." Earth Sciences Research Journal 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v20n3.55440.

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The aim of this study is to present the evaluations based on comparisons of geoid heights that are computed from several global geopotential models (GGMs) and the GNSS/levelling data. In this application framework, differences between geoid heights obtained by GGMs and GNSS/levelling were computed. Then, the availability of geoid heights calculated by GGMs for engineering applications were investigated. The Konya-Polatli (Ankara) Express Train Project as a strip area project was chosen as the study area. The length of the project is approximately 210 km and consists of 110 benchmarks that belong to the Turkish National Triangulation Network. In this study a total of 69 GGMs were compared. In order to examine more detail, these models were classified as three groups based on CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE. Each group was evaluated separately and the results were obtained. According to results, the best five models were detected for geoid height differences (NGNSS/lev-Nggm) in terms of standard deviation. These are EIGEN-6c4, EIGEN-GRACE01s, EGM2008, EIGEN-6c3stat and EIGEN-6c2, respectively. Also, geoid heights were obtained using different parametric models. These parametric models were used in order to minimize the impact of the terms of bias, tilt etc. Generally, three, four, five and seven parametric models are used for the least-squares adjustment of the geoid height differences in the literature. Therefore, in this study the geoid heights were calculated for such different parametric models. After the geoid height values were computed from the parametric models, the best global geopotential models in terms of standard deviation were obtained as EIGEN-6c2, EIGEN-6c3stat, EGM2008, EIGEN-6c4 and EIGEN-GRACE01s, respectively. Evaluación de modelos geopotenciales globales recientes para un proyecto de área lineal en Turquía ResumenEl propósito de este estudio es presentar las evaluaciones comparativas de alturas geoidales que fueron computadas a partir de varios Modelos Geopotenciales Globales (GGM, del inglés Global Geopotential Models) y la nivelación de información del Sistema Global de Navegación por Satélite. Luego se investigó la disposición para aplicaciones de ingeniería de las alturas geoidales calculadas por los modelos GGM. Se seleccionó el proyecto del Tren Expreso Konya-Polatli (Ankara) como el área de estudio por ser un terreno lineal. La longitud del proyecto es de 210 kilómetros y consiste de 110 puntos de referencia que pertenecen a la Red de Triangulación Nacional de Turquía. En este estudio se compararon 69 modelos GGM. Para un mejor examen, estos modelos se clasificaron en tres grupos basados en CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload), GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) y GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer). Cada grupo se evaluó por separado. De acuerdo con los resultados, se detectaron los cinco modelos mejores para las diferencias de alturas geoidales (NGNSS/LEV-NGGM) en términos de desviación estándar. Estos son EIGEN-6c4, EIGENGRACE01s, EGM2008, EIGEN-6c3stat, y EIGEN-6c2. También se obtuvieron las alturas geoide a través de diferentes modelos paramétricos. Este mecanismo se utilizo para minimizar el impacto en términos de inclinación y declive. Generalmente, se utilizan tres, cuatro, cinco, y siete modelos paramétricos para el ajuste por mínimos cuadrados de las diferencias de alturas geoide, según la literatura. Por lo tanto, en este estudio se calcularon las alturas geoide con estos modelos paramétricos. Después de que se computaron los valores de altura geoide desde los modelos paramétricos, se obtuvieron los mejores modelos geopotenciales globales en términos de desviación estándar, estos son el EIGEN-6c2, EIGEN-6c3stat, EGM2008, EIGEN-6c4 y EIGEN-GRACE01s, respectivamente.
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Vega Fernádez, Alonso, Oscar Lücke Castro, and Jaime Garbanzo Leon. "Geoid heights in Costa Rica, Case of Study: Baseline Along the Central Pacific Zone." Revista Ingeniería 30, no. 1 (November 12, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ri.v30i1.35839.

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A precise orthometric height (H) and orthometric height difference (ΔH) determination is required in many fields like construction, geodesy and geophysics. H is often obtained from an ellipsoidal height (h) and geoid height (N) of a geoid model (GM) because this computation does not have the spirit leveling restrictions on long distances. However, the H accuracy depends on the GM local area adaptation, and current global geoid models (GGMs) have not been yet evaluated for Costa Rica. Therefore, this paper aims to determine which GGM maintains a better fit with a GPS/levelling baseline that contains the gravity full spectrum. A 74 km baseline was measured using GPS, spirit leveling and gravity measurements to validate the N computed from EGM2008, EIGEN-6C4, GECO, EGM96, GGM05C and GOCO05C. First, an absolute N assessment was made, where geoid height from the GGMs (NGGM) were directly compared to the geometric geoid heights (Ngeo) obtained from GPS and spirit levelling. A bias fit (Nbias) of about 2 m was computed from this comparison for most GGMs with respect to the local vertical reference surface (W0). By subtracting the Nbias, a relative geoid height (ΔN) assessment was designed to compare the differences between GGM relative geoid height (ΔNGGM) and geometric relative geoid height (ΔNgeo) on segments along the baseline. The ΔN comparison shows that EGM2008, EIGEN-6C4 and GECO better represent the Costa Rican Central Pacific Coastal Zone and over long distances, ΔH can be computed with a decimeter to centimeter precision.
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Kim, Su-Kyung, Jihye Park, Daniel Gillins, and Michael Dennis. "On determining orthometric heights from a corrector surface model based on leveling observations, GNSS, and a geoid model." Journal of Applied Geodesy 12, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jag-2018-0014.

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Abstract Leveling is a traditional geodetic surveying technique that has been used to realize a vertical datum. However, this technique is time consuming and prone to accumulate errors, where it relies on starting from one station with a known orthometric height. Establishing orthometric heights using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and a geoid model has been suggested [14], but this approach may involve less precisions than the direct measurements from leveling. In this study, an experimental study is presented to adjust the highly accurate leveling observations along with orthometric heights derived from GNSS observations and a geoid model. For the geoid model, the National Geodetic Survey’s gravimetric geoid model (TxGEOID16B) and hybrid geoid model (GEOID12B) were applied. Uncertainties in the leveled height differences, GNSS derived heights, and the geoid models were modeled, and a combined adjustment was implemented to construct the optimal combination of orthometric, ellipsoidal, and geoid height at each mark. As a result, the discrepancy from the published orthometric heights and the CSM (Corrector Surface Model) based adjusted orthometric heights with GEOID12B showed a mean and RMS of -8.5 mm and 16.6 mm, respectively, while TxGEOID16B had a mean and RMS of 28.9 mm and 34.6 mm, respectively. It should be emphasized that this approach was not influenced by the geodetic distribution of the stations where the correlation coefficients between the distance from the center of the surveying network and the discrepancy from the published heights using TxGEOID16B and GEOID12B are 0.03 and 0.36, respectively.
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Kearsley, A. W. H., and R. M. Eckels. "The determination of the geoid-spheroid separation for GPS levelling and applications." Exploration Geophysics 20, no. 2 (1989): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg989185.

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The heights which are obtained from global positioning system (GPS) satellite observations are measured with respect to an earth-centred ellipsoid and are not, as a result, generally useful for surveying and engineering. In order to become useful they must be transformed into orthometric heights, that is, heights which are measured with respect to the actual level reference surface termed the geoid. The parameter which enables this transformation is N, the geoid height or geoid-ellipsoid separation.This paper reviews the capabilities of the GPS system for height measurements, describes the various methods used to evaluate N from gravimetry, and explores the suitability of these methods in the various applications in which height measurements from the GPS may be used.
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ZABLOTSKYY, F., B. DZHUMAN, and I. BRUSAK. "On the accuracy of (quasi) geoid models relatively UELN/EVRS2000 height systems." Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 41, no. I (April 1, 2021): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-41-29-36.

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Nowadays the Baltic Height System 1977 operates in Ukraine, the starting point of which is the zero of the Kronstadt banchmark. However, the current height system in Ukraine is morally obsolete primarily due to the great distance from the zero-point of height (about 2 thousand km) and the difficulty of adapting to the use of satellite surveying methods. Therefore, today it does not correspond to the level of development of modern geospatial technologies and it needs to be modernized. The most optimal way to modernize the height network of Ukraine is its integration into the United European Leveling Network UELN, the zero point of which is the Amsterdam banchmark. Within the framework of such integration it is necessary to create a high-precision geoid model for the territory of Ukraine, connected to the UELN/EVRS2000 height system. Aim. The purpose of the work is to compare the accuracy of different geoid/quasigeoid models and the global gravitational field of the Earth on the Western Ukraine area (border region) relative to the heights of points in the height system UELN/EVRS2000, where GNSSleveling is performed, and to determine the most optimal model in relation to which a high-precision geoid model can be created, consistent with the UELN/EVRS2000 height system.Method. To obtain the heights of leveling points on the Ukraine area in the UELN/EVRS2000 height system we performed I class leveling on two lines from the fundamental benchmarks on the territory of Ukraine (heights are known in the Baltic height system 1977) to I class benchmarks on the Poland area (UELN/EVRS2000 height system). GNSS-leveling in static mode (1-second sampling observations for more than 6 hours) was performed on all fundamental and ground benchmarks, as well as horizontal marks. Results. The heights of the quasigeoid at 26 points are obtained from the performed measurements. The heights are compared with three global models of the Earth’s gravitational field: EGM2008, EIGEN-6C4 and XGM2019e_2159 (the maximum order of all these models is 2190), as well as with the European geoid EGG2015. It is established that the best accuracy (≈ 7 cm) allows to obtain the European geoid EGG2015. Scientific novelty and practical significance. For the first time the accuracy of the Earth’s gravitational field models and geoid models on the Ukraine area is investigated at points where the height in the UELN/EVRS2000 height system is known. We established that when constructing a high-precision quasigeoid using the “Remove–Restore” procedure, it is best to use the European geoid EGG2015 as a systematic component.
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Lukoševičius, Viktoras. "DFHRS-BASED COMPUTATION OF QUASI-GEOID OF LATVIA." Geodesy and Cartography 39, no. 1 (April 12, 2013): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2013.788827.

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In geodesy, civil engineering and related fields high accuracy coordinate determination is needed, for that reason GNSS technologies plays important role. Transformation from GNSS derived ellipsoidal heights to orthometric or normal heights requires a high accuracy geoid or quasi-geoid model, respectively the accuracy of the currently used Latvian gravimetric quasi-geoid model LV'98 is 6–8 cm. The objective of this work was to calculate an improved quasi-geoid (QGeoid) for Latvia. The computation was performed by applying the DFHRS software. This paper discusses obtained geoid height reference surface, its comparisons to other geoid models, fitting point statistics and quality control based on independent measurements.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Geoid Height"

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Guimarães, Gabriel do Nascimento. "A altimetria e o modelo geoidal no Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-20102010-170156/.

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Esta dissertação tem como objetivo o estudo da altimetria e do modelo geoidal no Estado de São Paulo. Para isso, uma abordagem detalhada do Problema de Valor de Contorno da Geodésia foi realizada. Além disso, são apresentados conceitos relacionados ao sistema de altitudes e a determinação das ondulações geoidais. Uma investigação do movimento e deslocamento vertical da crosta terrestre por meio do processamento preciso por ponto de duas estações de monitoramento contínuo (Cananeia NEIA e Ubatuba UBAT), localizadas no litoral paulista, foi efetuada. Constatou-se uma similaridade nos resultados por meio da comparação com o processamento feito pelo IBGE. A comparação envolvendo o Nível Médio dos Mares de duas estações maregráficas com relação ao nivelamento advindo de Imbituba foi outro estudo executado, onde a diferença após algumas correções foi de 0,34 cm. Uma análise a partir de 199 estações GPS sobre nivelamento foi realizada para comparação da ondulação geoidal com as anomalias de altura. As anomalias foram calculadas a partir dos modelos do geopotencial (EIGEN-GL04, EIGEN-5C e EGM08 para diferentes valores de grau e ordem). Os modelos que apresentaram melhor consistência com as estações GPS sobre nivelamento foram o EIGEN-GL04C e EIGEN-5C grau e ordem 360 e o EGM08 grau e ordem 360 e 2160. O modelo geoidal do Estado de São Paulo foi gerado para um modelo digital de 5. Utilizou-se a integral modificada de Stokes a partir do pacote computacional canadense SHGEO para o cálculo da componente de curto comprimento de onda. Foram empregados dados gravimétricos já existentes e dados advindos dos trabalhos de campo referentes ao Projeto Temático da FAPESP. No cálculo da componente de médio e longo comprimento de onda foi utilizado o modelo do geopotencial EGM08 (grau e ordem 150). A comparação com os dados GPS sobre nivelamento apresentou média de -0,22 m e RMSD 0,21 m. A escolha do Estado de São Paulo está relacionada à grande quantidade de trabalhos geodésicos e atividades na área da engenharia e que necessitam da utilização de um sistema altimétrico. Além disso, a grande quantidade de dados gravimétricos e de estações GPS/RN é mais uma justificativa para a realização do trabalho no Estado.
The investigation of the altimetry and the geoid model in São Paulo state is the aim of this dissertation. A detailed study concerning the Geodetic Boundary Value Problem was carried out. Moreover, the concepts related to the height system are presented. The analysis of the crust vertical displacement involving two continuous monitoring GPS stations (Cananeia NEIA and Ubatuba UBAT) in the coast of the state was performed. It was detected similar results between the comparison involved IBGE processing. A comparison involving the mean sea level of two tide gauge stations with respect to levelling from Imbituba was carried out. After some corrections the difference found was 0.34 m. A comparison between height anomalies by the Global Geopotential Models (EIGEN-GL04, EIGEN-5C and EGM08 for different degree and order) and 199 GPS observations on Bench Marks of the spirit leveling network was performed. The Global Geopotential Models that presented consistency with GPS on Bench Marks were: EIGEN-GL04C and EIGEN- 5C degree and order 360 and EGM08 degree and order 2160. São Paulo state geoid model was computed in 5 digital model. The modified Stokes integral by the Canadian package SHGEO to compute the short wavelength component was used, from Helmert gravity anomalies derived. Existing gravity data and data from FAPESP Thematic Project was processed. EGM08 model was used as a reference field restricted to degree and order 150 to obtain the long and medium wavelength components. The comparison with GPS on Bench Marks presented mean -0.22 m and RMSD 0.21 m. The reason for the choice of São Paulo state is that there are a lot of geodetic activities and important engineering works that require the use of a height system. Furthermore, there are a lot of gravimetric and GPS/BM data all around the state.
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Smith, Dru A. "The use of high resolution height data in the computation of high precision geoid heights on the island of Maui." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1335541582.

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Lorant, Foldvary. "Geoid Height Variations Caused by Geophysical Fluids and Their Possible Recovery by Future Satellite Gravity Missions." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150837.

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Zhang, Kefei. "An evaluation of FFT geoid determination techniques and their application to height determination using GPS in Australia." Curtin University of Technology, School of Surveying and Land Information, 1997. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11047.

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A new, high resolution, high precision and accuracy gravimetric geoid of Australia has been produced using updated data, theory and computational methodologies. The fast Fourier transform technique is applied to the computation of the geoid and terrain effects. The long, medium and short wavelength components of the geoid are determined from the OSU91A global geopotential model, 2'x2' (residual gravity anomalies in a 3 degrees cap and 1'x1' digital terrain model (DTM), respectively.Satellite altimeter gravity data have been combined with marine gravity data to improve the coverage of the gravity data, and thus the quality of the geoid. The best gridding procedure for gravity data has been studied and applied to the gravity data gridding. It is found that the gravity field of Australia behaves quite differently. None of the free-air, Bouguer or topographic-isostatic gravity anomalies are consistently the smoothest. The Bouguer anomaly is often rougher than the free-air anomaly and thus should be not used for gravity field gridding. It is also revealed that in some regions the topography often contains longer wavelength features than the gravity anomalies.It is demonstrated that the inclusion of terrain effects is crucial for the determination of an accurate gravimetric geoid. Both the direct and indirect terrain effects need to be taken into account in the precise geoid determination of Australia. The existing AUSGEOID93 could be in error up to 0.7m in terms of the terrain effect only. In addition, a series of formulas have been developed to evaluate the precision of the terrain effects. These formulas allow the effectiveness of the terrain correction and precision requirement for a given DTM to be studied. It is recommended that the newly released 9"x9" DTM could be more effectively used if it is based on 15"x15" grid.It is estimated from comparisons with Global ++
Positioning System (GPS) and Australian Height Datum Data that the absolute accuracy of the new geoid is better than 33cm and the relative precision of the new geoid is better than 10~20cm. This new geoid can support Australian GPS heighting to third-order specifications.
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Ssengendo, Ronald. "A height datum for Uganda based on a gravimetric quasigeoid model and GNSS/levelling." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-172547.

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This study is devoted to the determination of a high resolution gravimetric geoid model for Uganda based on the optimal combination of terrestrial and satellite gravity anomalies using the method of Least Squares Modification of Stokes’ formula with additive corrections. Specifically the study investigates the current status of the existing Uganda Vertical Network relative to the requirements of a modern height datum and includes a detailed evaluation and validation of terrestrial gravity data, several digital elevation models and some recent global geopotential models. Finally a new height datum based on a gravimetric quasigeoid model and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)/levelling is proposed. In this thesis, the Uganda Gravimetric Geoid Model 2014 (UGG2014) is computed from several datasets which, include 7839 terrestrial gravity data points from the International Gravimetric Bureau, the 3 arc second Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model and a recent Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer-only global geopotential model. To compensate for the missing gravity data in the target area, the surface gravity anomalies extracted from the World Gravity Map 2012 were used. Outliers in the terrestrial gravity data were detected using the cross-validation technique which, also estimated the accuracy of the remaining terrestrial gravity data as 9 mGal. Based on 12 GNSS/levelling data points distributed over Uganda, the root mean square fit of UGG2014 before and after the 4-parameter fit is 16 cm and 9 cm, respectively. The study has revealed that the heights of the Uganda Vertical Network are normal-orthometric heights for which the quasigeoid is the closest approximation to the zero reference surface. Consequently, the Uganda Gravimetric Quasigeoid Model 2014 (UGQ2014) was derived from the UGG2014 with the quasigeoid-geoid separation computed from the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 complete to degree/order 2160 of spherical harmonics. The root mean square fit of UGQ2014 versus GNSS/levelling is 15 cm and 8 cm before and after the 4-parameter fit, respectively, which shows that the quasigeoid model fits GNSS/levelling better than the geoid model. Thus a new height datum based on UGQ2014 and GNSS/levelling was determined as a practical solution to the determination of heights directly from GNSS. Evaluated with 4 independent GNSS/levelling points, the root mean square fit of the new height datum is 5 cm better than using the quasigeoid model alone. With an average parts-per-million of 29 in the relative test, the new height datum satisfies the precision and accuracy requirements of third order precise levelling. Overall, the results show that UGG2014 and UGQ2014 agree considerably better with GNSS/levelling than any other recent regional/global gravimetric geoid models. Therefore, both gravimetric solutions are a significant step forward in the modelling of a “1-cm geoid” over Uganda given the poor quality and quantity of the terrestrial gravity data used for computation.

QC 20150831

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Odera, Patroba Achola. "Precise determination of a local geoid model and a reference height system for the establishment of a modern vertical geodetic datum." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/161036.

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Kiamehr, Ramin. "Precise Gravimetric Geoid Model for Iran Based on GRACE and SRTM Data and the Least-Squares Modification of Stokes’ Formula : with Some Geodynamic Interpretations." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Transporter och samhällsekonomi (stängd 20110301), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4125.

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Iran is one of the most complicated areas in the world from the view of rough topography, tectonic activity, large lateral density and geoidal height variations. The computation of a regional gravimetric geoid model with high accuracy in mountainous regions, especially with sparse data, is a difficult task that needs a special attention to obtain reliable results which can meet the needs of the today geodetic community. In this research different heterogeneous data has been used, which includes gravity anomalies, the high-resolution SRTM Digital Elevation Model (DEM), recently published GRACE Global Geopotential Models (GGMs), geological maps and GPS/levelling data. The above data has been optimally combined through the least-squares modification of Stokes formula with additive corrections. Regarding the data evaluation and refinement, the cross-validation technique has been used for detection of outliers. Also, several GGMs and DEMs are evaluated with GPS/levelling data. The impact of utilizing a high resolution SRTM DEM to improve the accuracy of the geoid model has been studied. Also, a density variation model has been established, and its effect on the accuracy of the geoid was investigated. Thereafter a new height datum for Iran was established based on the corrective surface idea. Finally, it was found that there is a significant correlation between the lateral geoid slope and the tectonic activities in Iran. We show that our hybrid gravimetric geoid model IRG04 agrees considerably better with GPS/levelling than any of the other recent local geoid models in the area. Its RMS fit with GPS/levelling is 27 cm and 3.8 ppm in the absolute and relative senses, respectively. Moreover, the relative accuracy of the IRG04 geoid model is at least 4 times better than any of the previously published global and regional geoid models in the area. Also, the RMS fit of the combined surface model (IRG04C) versus independent precise GPS/levelling is almost 4 times better compared to the original gravimetric geoid model (IRG04). These achievements clearly show the effect of the new gravity database and the SRTM data for the regional geoid determination in Iran based on the least-squares modification of Stokes’ formula.

QC 20100906

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8

Innocente, Erico Francisco. "Implantação, calculo e ajustamento de redes geodesicas visando a elaboração de carta geoidal para a cidade de Campinas." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257801.

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Orientador: Jorge Luiz Alves Trabanco
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T18:04:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Innocente_EricoFrancisco_M.pdf: 11372115 bytes, checksum: b9b472d335b6c8e71df724c39ded054a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: A procura por soluções de problemas referentes à aquisição de dados cadastrais, dentro da malha urbana de uma cidade, com posicionamento GPS relativo, tem se intensificado nos últimos anos. Quando uma nova tecnologia é introduzida em determinada atividade de uma organização, seja ela pública ou privada, percebe-se que sua utilização fica aquém das reais possibilidades de aproveitamento das funções disponibilizadas pelo fabricante. Essa subutilização da tecnologia/equipamento é, na maioria dos casos, devido à falta de infra-estrutura básica existente no local de atuação e a falta de preparo dos usuários. Está constatado que as determinações altimétricas, utilizando tecnologia GPS, não tem todas as suas funções exploradas devido, primordialmente, a falta de uma carta geoidal que possibilite a correção da ondulação geoidal, diferença entre as altitudes geométricas e as correspondentes ortométricas, sendo esta última a altitude utilizada em obras de engenharia. A comunidade científica, empresas de engenharia e órgãos públicos sabem da necessidade desta carta geoidal, onde é possível contribuir com a melhoria da acurácia das altitudes e aplicação direta nos levantamentos planialtimétricos cadastrais dentro do perímetro urbano da cidade. Portanto a motivação deste trabalho é obter um modelo geoidal para a Cidade de Campinas, melhorando a acurácia da ondulação do geóide e proporcionando o emprego do GPS na determinação de altitude ortométrica que, é fator primordial aos projetos e obras inerentes ao dia a dia da Administração Pública, do saneamento básico e das empresas de engenharia
Abstract: The search for solutions of problems concerning the acquisition of cadastral data, in the urban mesh of a city, with GPS relative positioning, has intensified in the last years. When a new technology is introduced in certain activity of an organization, public or private, one notice its utilization is below the real possibilities of use of the functions available by the manufacturer. This sub technology/equipment use is, in most of the cases, due to the lack of basic infrastructure existing in the actuating place and the lack of the users preparation. It has been verified that the altimetric determinations, using GPS technology, don't have all the possible functions explored due to the lack of a geoid map that makes the geoidal height correction possible, difference between the geometric height and the correspondent orthometrics, being this last one the altitude used in engineering works. The scientific community, engineering companies and public organs know the need of this geoid map, where it is possible to contribute with the accuracy improvement of the height and direct application in the cadastral surveying inside the urban perimeter. Therefore the motivation of this work is to obtain a geoid model for Campinas City, improving the accuracy of the geoidal height and providing the GPS use in the determination of orthometric height that is fundamental factor for the projects and inherent to the daily works to the of the Public Administration, basic sanitation and engineering companies
Mestrado
Transportes
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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9

Twigg, D. R. "Finite element interpolation of geoid heights." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355479.

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Vu, Dinh Toan. "Unification du système de hauteur et estimation de la structure lithosphérique sous le Vietnam utilisant la modélisation du champ de gravité et du quasigéoïde à haute résolution." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30050.

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Le but de ce travail était double. La première partie a été consacrée à la recherche de la taille et de la forme de la Terre au Vietnam à travers la détermination d'un modèle quasigeoïde gravimétrique local. La deuxième partie consistait à étudier la structure intérieure de la Terre sous le Vietnam en déterminant la profondeur du Moho et de la limite entre Lithosphère-Asthénosphère. Pour le premier objectif, un modèle quasigeoïde gravimétrique à haute résolution pour le Vietnam et ses environs a été déterminé sur la base de nouvelles données issues de campagnes gravimétriques terrestres en combinaison avec des observations satellites dans les régions non couvertes par les observations au sol. Le modèle quasigeoïde a été évalué en utilisant 812 points GNSS/nivellement dans la région d'étude. Cette comparaison indique que le modèle quasigeoïde a un écart type de 9.7 cm et un biais moyen de 50 cm. Ce nouveau modèle quasigeoïde local pour le Vietnam représente une amélioration significative par rapport aux modèles globaux EIGEN-6C4 et EGM2008, qui ont des écarts-types de 19.2 et 29.1 cm, respectivement, par rapport aux données GNSS/nivellement. Une application sociétale et technique essentielle du quasigeoïde gravimétrique est le nivellement par GNSS, et un modèle de décalage vertical pour le Vietnam et ses environs a donc été déterminé sur la base des points GNSS/nivellement et du modèle quasigeoïde gravimétrique. Le modèle de décalage (ou modèle de correction) a été évalué en comparant avec des données GNSS/nivellement. Les résultats indiquent que le modèle obtenu a un écart type de 5.9 cm au sens absolu. Grâce à ce modèle de décalage, le nivellement par GNSS peut donc être effectué dans la plupart du territoire vietnamien conformément aux exigences de nivellement du troisième ordre, tandis que les exigences de précision pour les réseaux de nivellement du quatrième ordre sont satisfaites pour tout le pays. Pour tenter d'unifier le système de hauteur ainsi déterminé vers l'IHRF (International Height Reference System), la valeur géopotentielle à zéro-hauteur pour le système de référence vertical local du Vietnam W_0^LVD a été déterminée en fonction de deux approches: 1) Utilisation de données GNSS/nivellement de haute qualité et du modèle quasigeoïde gravimétrique. 2) Utilisation de l'approche du problème de la valeur aux limites géodésiques basée sur le modèle de champ de gravité global GOCE amélioré avec des données de gravité terrestres. Cette valeur géopotentielle est utilisée pour rattacher le système de hauteur du Vietnam avec les pays voisins. De plus, l'approche du problème de la valeur des limites géodésiques a également été utilisée pour la détermination du potentiel de gravité à la surface de trois stations GNSS-CORS à l'époque 2018.0 au Vietnam. Sur la base de séries chronologiques de composantes verticales dérivées des observations GNSS ainsi que des données InSAR, les variations temporelles du géopotentiel ont également été estimées sur ces stations GNSS permanentes. Cela permet de surveiller la référence verticale et de détecter d'éventuelles déformations. Ces stations peuvent ainsi contribuer à augmenter la densité des points de référence dans l'IHRF pour cette région. Pour le deuxième objectif, le modèle de quasigéoïde local a d'abord été converti en géoïde. Ensuite, des modèles de profondeur du Moho et de la limite entre Lithosphère-Asthénosphère à haute résolution ont été déterminés sous le Vietnam sur la base de l'hypothèse isostatique locale en utilisant la hauteur du géoïde dérivée du géoïde, des données de hauteur et d'analyse thermique. [...]
The goal of this work was twofold. The first part was devoted to the research of the size and physical shape of the Earth in Vietnam through the determination of a local gravimetric quasigeoid model. The second part was to better constrain the Earth's interior structure beneath Vietnam by determining the Moho and Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary (LAB) depth models. For the first objective, a high-resolution gravimetric quasigeoid model for Vietnam and its surrounding areas was determined based on new land gravity data in combination with fill-in data where no gravity data existed. The resulting quasigeoid model was evaluated using 812 GNSS/levelling points in the study region. This comparison indicates that the quasigeoid model has a standard deviation of 9.7 cm and 50 cm in mean bias. This new local quasigeoid model for Vietnam represents a significant improvement over the global models EIGEN-6C4 and EGM2008, which have standard deviations of 19.2 and 29.1 cm, respectively, when compared to the GNSS/levelling data. An essential societal and engineering application of the gravimetric quasigeoid is in GNSS levelling, and a vertical offset model for Vietnam and its surrounding areas was determined based on the GNSS/levelling points and gravimetric-only quasigeoid model for this purpose. The offset model was evaluated using cross-validation technique by comparing with GNSS/levelling data. Results indicate that the offset model has a standard deviation of 5.9 cm in the absolute sense. Thanks to this offset model, GNSS levelling can be carried out over most of Vietnam's territory complying to third-order levelling requirements, while the accuracy requirements for fourth-order levelling networks is met for the entire country. To unify the height system towards the International Height Reference Frame (IHRF), the zero-height geopotential value for the Vietnam Local Vertical Datum W_0^LVD was determined based on two approaches: 1) Using high-quality GNSS/levelling data and the estimated gravimetric quasigeoid model, 2) Using the Geodetic Boundary Value Problem (GBVP) approach based on the GOCE global gravity field model enhanced with terrestrial gravity data. This geopotential value can be used to connect the height system of Vietnam with the neighboring countries. Moreover, the GBVP approach was also used for direct determination of the gravity potential on the surface at three GNSS Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) stations at epoch 2018.0 in Vietnam. Based on time series of the vertical component derived from these GNSS observations as well as InSAR data, temporal variations in the geopotential were also estimated on these permanent GNSS stations. This enables monitoring of the vertical datum and detect possible deformation. These stations may thus contribute to increase the density of reference points in the IHRF for this region. For the second objective, the local quasigeoid model was first converted to the geoid. Then, high-resolution Moho and LAB depth models were determined beneath Vietnam based on the local isostatic hypothesis using the geoid height derived from the estimated geoid, elevation data and thermal analysis. From new land gravity data, a complete grid and map of gravity anomalies i.e., Free-air, Bouguer and Isostatic was determined for the whole of Vietnam. The Moho depth was also computed based on the gravity inversion using the Bouguer gravity anomaly grid. All new models are computed at 1' resolution. The resulting Moho and LAB depth models were evaluated using available seismic data as well as global and local lithospheric models available in the study region. [...]
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Books on the topic "Geoid Height"

1

Marti, Urs, ed. Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10837-7.

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Vergos, Georgios S., Roland Pail, and Riccardo Barzaghi, eds. International Symposium on Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95318-2.

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Pail, Roland, Riccardo Barzaghi, and Georgios S. Vergos. International Symposium on Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems 2016: Proceedings Organized by IAG Commission 2 and the International Gravity Field ... Association of Geodesy Symposia ). Springer, 2019.

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D, Brown R., Welker Jean Edward, and Goddard Space Flight Center, eds. Analysis of altimetry over inland seas. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Geoid Height"

1

Herceg, Matija, Per Knudsen, and Carl Christian Tscherning. "GOCE Data for Local Geoid Enhancement." In Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems, 133–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10837-7_17.

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Gilardoni, M., M. Reguzzoni, and D. Sampietro. "Using GOCE to Straighten and Sew European Local Geoids: Preliminary Study and First Results." In Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems, 229–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10837-7_29.

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Reubelt, T., O. Baur, M. Weigelt, M. Roth, and N. Sneeuw. "GOCE Long-Wavelength Gravity Field Recovery from 1s-Sampled Kinematic Orbits Using the Acceleration Approach." In Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems, 21–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10837-7_3.

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Kotsakis, C., and I. Tsalis. "Combination of Geometric and Orthometric Heights in the Presence of Geoid and Quasi-geoid Models." In Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems, 235–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10837-7_30.

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Hayden, T., E. Rangelova, M. G. Sideris, and M. Véronneau. "Contribution of Tide Gauges for the Determination of W0 in Canada." In Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems, 241–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10837-7_31.

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Grigoriadis, V. N., C. Kotsakis, I. N. Tziavos, and G. S. Vergos. "Estimation of the Reference Geopotential Value for the Local Vertical Datum of Continental Greece Using EGM08 and GPS/Leveling Data." In Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems, 249–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10837-7_32.

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Valcheva, Stanislava, Iliya Yovev, and Rossen Grebenitcharsky. "Tidal Systems and Reductions for Improvement of the Bulgarian National Vertical Reference System." In Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems, 257–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10837-7_33.

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Müller, Silvia, Jan Martin Brockmann, and Wolf-Dieter Schuh. "Consistent Combination of Gravity Field, Altimetry and Hydrographic Data." In Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems, 267–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10837-7_34.

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Mäkinen, Jaakko, Tero Hokkanen, Heikki Virtanen, Arttu Raja-Halli, and Risto P. Mäkinen. "Local Hydrological Effects on Gravity at Metsähovi, Finland: Implications for Comparing Observations by the Superconducting Gravimeter with Global Hydrological Models and with GRACE." In Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems, 275–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10837-7_35.

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Jin, Shuanggen, and Guiping Feng. "Global Groundwater Cycles and Extreme Events Responses Observed by Satellite Gravimetry." In Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems, 283–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10837-7_36.

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Conference papers on the topic "Geoid Height"

1

Sulaiman, S. A. H., K. H. Talib, M. A. M. Wazir, and O. M. Yusof. "Evaluation of geoid height derived by geopotential model and existing regional geoid model." In 2013 IEEE 9th International Colloquium on Signal Processing & its Applications (CSPA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cspa.2013.6530024.

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Milbert, Dennis G. "GEOID90: High‐resolution geoid height model for the conterminous United States." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1992. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1822155.

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Kowalczyk, Kamil, and Joanna Kuczynska-Siehien. "Testing Correlation between Vertical Crustal Movements and Geoid Uplift for North Eastern Polish Border Areas." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.206.

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Long time span of observations from GNSS permanent stations can be used in the development of models of vertical crustal movements. The absolute vertical crustal movement related to the ellipsoid consists of the observed movement with relation to the mean sea level, the eustatic movement and the geoid uplift. The geoid uplift can be determined from GRACE satellite mission observations. The calculated parameters can be compared with the theoretical ones. The aim of this study is to check the correlation between vertical crustal movements and a geoid height variations determined from satellite data. GNSS data, levelling data and satellite observations for north eastern Polish border areas were used as a case study. Temporal variations of geoid were calculated based on the geopotential models from GRACE satellite observations. The obtained results give an overview of a possibility of the proposed method usage.
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Erina Ariff, Nur Sofia, Adolfientje Kasenda Olesen, Norehan Md Yaacob, and Saiful Aman Hj Sulaiman. "Evaluation of Gravity Anomaly and Geoid Height Derived from Various Global Geopotential Model." In 2021 IEEE 12th Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium (ICSGRC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsgrc53186.2021.9515205.

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Alim Sikder, Muhammad Abdul, Falin Wu, Wasiu Akande Ahmed, Thippawan Thodsan, and Yan Zhao. "Assessment of Orthometric Height Derived from Levelling, GNSS and EGM2008 Geoid Model in Bangladesh." In 2020 15th IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsp48669.2020.9321048.

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Park, Sang-Hoon, and Seok-Woo Hong. "Coseismic geoid height changes of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in GRACE monthly gravity data." In Workshop on Architecture and Civil Engineering 2013 Second. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2013.32.11.

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Sarmiento, Czar Jakiri Soriano, Chris Rizos, and Craig Roberts. "Time-variable satellite gravity models application for the development of an archipelagic geoid-based height system." In 2018 IEEE 14th International Colloquium on Signal Processing & Its Applications (CSPA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cspa.2018.8368713.

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Kowalczyk, Kamil, and Janusz Bogusz. "Application of PPP Solution to Determine the Absolute Vertical Crustal Movements: Case Study for Northeastern Europe." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.207.

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To estimate the relationship between vertical movements of the Earth’s crust, geoid temporal changes and Mean Sea Level (MSL) variations, a knowledge about the absolute (determined from satellite and space techniques) height changes over time is required. In this paper, we give an idea of determining the height changes with a use of Vertical Switching Edge Detection (VSED) algorithm. On the basis of the least squares estimation, the VSED method detects the discontinuities in time series and determines the values of jumps at the same time. We used the time series from PPP (Precise Point Positioning) solution obtained in NGL (Nevada Geodetic Laboratory) using satellite data gathered at more than 50 permanent stations located in Latvia, Lithuania and northeastern Poland. The minimum time span of data was set up to 3 years. Data were pre-analyzed by removing outliers and interpolating small gaps. The obtained results give an overview of a possibility of the proposed method to be used and the ongoing vertical movements on the area we considered.
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Roman, Daniel R., and Xiaopeng Li. "Gravity, Geoids and Heights in the Alaskan Arctic." In 10th International Symposium on Cold Regions Development. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412978.029.

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Puškorius, Vytautas, Eimuntas Paršeliūnas, Petras Petroškevičius, and Romuald Obuchovski. "An Analysis of Choosing Gravity Anomalies for Solving Problems in Geodesy, Geophysics and Environmental Engineering." In 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.684.

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Gravity anomalies provide valuable information about the Earth‘s gravity field. They are used for solving various geophysical and geodetic tasks, mineral and oil exploration, geoid and quasi-geoid determination, geodynamic processes of Earth, determination of the orbits of various objects, moving in space around the Earth etc. The increasing accuracy of solving the above mentioned problems poses new requirements for the accuracy of the gravity anomalies. Increasing the accuracy of gravity anomalies can be achieved by gaining the accuracy of the gravimetric and geodetic measurements, and by improving the methodology of the anomalies detection. The modern gravimetric devices allow to measure the gravity with an accuracy of several microgals. Space geodetic systems allow to define the geodetic coordinates and ellipsoidal heights of gravimetric points within a centimeter accuracy. This opens up the new opportunities to calculate in practice both hybrid and pure gravity anomalies and to improve their accuracy. In this context, it is important to analyse the possibilities of detecting various gravity anomalies and to improve the methodology for detecting gravity anomalies. Also it is important the correct selection of the gravity anomalies for different geodetic, geophysical and environmental engineering tasks. The modern gravity field data of the territory of Lithuania are used for the research.
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