Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Géolocalisation'
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Coriat, Florent. "Géolocalisation et communication en situation de crise." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS340.
Full textIn the aftermath of a natural or industrial disaster, locating individuals is crucial for first responders. However, disasters can cause extensive damage to the network infrastructures and a generalized loss of communication among survivors. In this thesis, we present a network support solution that provides a post-disaster geolocation-collecting service that relies on inter mobile device connections. On top of this dynamically built network, survivors' mobile device that get into contact exchange information about geolocation of others they have encountered and risk areas they have seen. Such information is routed towards pre-defined data collection centers, endowed with resilient processing and storage equipment, where first-responders can exploit it. Whe also present our mobility model, specific to crisis situations, that we used to conduct experiments on the ONE simulator. We evaluate the effect of different parameters of mobility and communication on our system performances. We especially analyse the impact of the proportion of motionless people. The feasability of our architecture has also been validated through the building of a physical test platform, based on pico-computers (Raspberry Pi). We finally contributed to define a new local centrality metric for time varying graphs, which could be used to infer useful information for routing
Abchir, M. A. "Vers une sémantique floue : application à la géolocalisation." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909828.
Full textAbchir, Mohammed-Amine. "Vers une sémantique floue : application à la géolocalisation." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/179753401#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textIn the domain of Computing with words, fuzzy linguistic approaches are known to be relevant in many decision-making problems. Indeed, they allow us to model the human reasoning in replacing words, assessments, preferences, choices, wishes, etc. By ad hoc variables, such as fuzzy sets or more sophisticated variables. In this thesis, we present a new fuzzy representation model to deal with unbalanced linguistic term sets that allow us to handle data with precision and accuracy. This model is based on our fuzzy semantic 2-tuples that we introduce. We apply these semantic 2-tuples to perform a fuzzy semantic interpretation of words in a natural langage dialog context for a geolocation application
Delestre, Cyrile. "Géolocalisation d'émetteurs en une étape : Algorithmes et performances." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN006/document.
Full textThe context of the thesis is the transmitters geolocalization (position estimation in the space) of radiocommunication from several widely spaced multi-sensor stations. The conventional geolocalization methods as the tirnagulation are in 2 staps (the first step estimates intermediate parameters and the second step "merges" these mesures from the stations in order to obtain the transmitters positions). The 1 stap methods use the observertions from all the stations to directly and optimally estimate the sources positions. Directly handling the signals on the global array (composed of all the local stations) leads to a broadband effect on the signals between the stations.The thesis proposes to study the residual broadband effect on the global array of the 1 step methods. Then we propose improvements on some 1 step geolocalization methods, especially based on the random matrix theory in large dimension and on the introduction of a new method named LOST-FIND. Finally, a new approach differently tackling the braodband problem has been introduced and leads to TARGET algorithm
Kammoun, Soufien. "Géolocalisation à l'intérieur d'un bâtiment pour terminaux mobiles." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0041/document.
Full textNowadays, the localization of a device or person has become mandatory. If many solutions exist for outdoor environment, as the GPS one, any fails to provide an expected accuracy for indoor environment because of the multipath phenomena and the attenuation of signals crossing walls. This thesis focuses on the localization problem in buildings by using existed technologies in smartphones and tablets managed by Android OS - which is available in several brands. The indoor localization systems are using different technologies like radio-frequency (RF) waves or inertial sensors embedded in handsets. In the RF case, they use anchors or beacons, whose position impacts the localization performance for the covered zone. Our first contribution was the placement optimization of beacons using simulated annealing algorithm. Next to improve the localization performance, the inertial sensors, embedded in smartphones, have been used. The pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) algorithm employs the extracted signals from the inertial sensors and determines the path done since a known position. These extracted signals are affected by the intrinsic parameters of sensors and they are corrupted by noises. The calibration of the sensors is compulsory to obtain data that could be used to estimate the walking orientation and the number of done steps by the user. It is often supposed that the walking orientation is the same as the smartphone orientation; however it might be interesting to consider the bias between these two orientations. A last contribution, in this thesis, consists on a proposed algorithm for step detection using fuzzy logic
Kammoun, Soufien. "Géolocalisation à l'intérieur d'un bâtiment pour terminaux mobiles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0041.
Full textNowadays, the localization of a device or person has become mandatory. If many solutions exist for outdoor environment, as the GPS one, any fails to provide an expected accuracy for indoor environment because of the multipath phenomena and the attenuation of signals crossing walls. This thesis focuses on the localization problem in buildings by using existed technologies in smartphones and tablets managed by Android OS - which is available in several brands. The indoor localization systems are using different technologies like radio-frequency (RF) waves or inertial sensors embedded in handsets. In the RF case, they use anchors or beacons, whose position impacts the localization performance for the covered zone. Our first contribution was the placement optimization of beacons using simulated annealing algorithm. Next to improve the localization performance, the inertial sensors, embedded in smartphones, have been used. The pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) algorithm employs the extracted signals from the inertial sensors and determines the path done since a known position. These extracted signals are affected by the intrinsic parameters of sensors and they are corrupted by noises. The calibration of the sensors is compulsory to obtain data that could be used to estimate the walking orientation and the number of done steps by the user. It is often supposed that the walking orientation is the same as the smartphone orientation; however it might be interesting to consider the bias between these two orientations. A last contribution, in this thesis, consists on a proposed algorithm for step detection using fuzzy logic
Mariyasagayam, Nestor. "Communication Véhiculaires par géolocalisation pour Systèmes de Transports Intelligents." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00613174.
Full textBosse, Jonathan. "Géolocalisation de sources radio-électriques : stratégies, algorithmes et performances." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00700670.
Full textKang, GuoDong. "Géolocalisation en intérieur opportuniste à base d'inégalités matricielles linéaires." Toulouse, ISAE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESAE0016.
Full textMezali, Yacine. "Algorithme de géolocalisation intérieure par différenciation de signaux wifi." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066035.
Full textOriginality of the proposed work We propose a new indoor tracking method which can be used on mobile nodes. Our method uses only the received signal strengths as input information and does not require a cinematic motion model to track the mobile node. Indoor Tracking We discuss in detail the features of our approach and its resulting tracking algorithm. Indoor Tracking vs maximum likelihood based Tracking We compare our tracking method to other tracking techniques based on maximum likelihood tracking. Indoor Tracking using signal maps We built two signal maps on two different sites, each of which is equipped with 4 and 5 access points respectively. We evaluated the performances of our algorithm using these signal maps. Investigating WIFI Signal Statistical Properties We also analyzed the statistical properties of the 802. 11 signal strengths. Specifically, we investigated the time-dependent noise affecting the received signal strengths, the stationary aspect of the RSS statistics (mean received signal strength) when the observer remains motionless. Then we explored the time-independent noise which occurs during the building of signal maps. We also use a geostatistical approach to analyze, model and predict mean signal strengths Keywords : Signal maps, 802. 11, statistical filtering, geostatistics. Indoor tracking, indoor positioning
Ahriz, Roula Iness. "Application des techniques d'apprentissage à la géolocalisation par radio fingerprint." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00546952.
Full textLassabe, Frédéric. "Géolocalisation et prédiction dans les réseaux Wi-Fi en intérieur." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00396265.
Full textLes systèmes satellites ne fonctionnant pas à l'intérieur des bâtiments, nous basons nos travaux sur les réseaux Wi-Fi. Deux méthodologies se démarquent pour localiser un terminal Wi-Fi : l'une repose sur une cartographie des puissances, l'autre repose sur le calcul des distances entre le terminal et des points dont les coordonnées sont connues. Chaque modèle ayant ses points faibles, nous les avons combinés pour améliorer la précision finale.
Nous proposons un premier modèle qui calcule les distances entre le terminal mobile et des points d'accès en se basant sur la puissance du signal reçu. Il en déduit la position du terminal par calcul. Le second modèle proposé restreint la recherche à une zone homogène grâce à la cartographie des puissances avant d'utiliser le premier modèle.
Nous avons expérimenté nos modèles ainsi que les modèles fondamentaux de l'état de l'art en étendant leurs conditions d'application. Les résultats des systèmes basés sur la propagation des ondes sont de l'ordre de 9 à 15 mètres d'erreur. Les modèles basés sur une cartographie permettent quant-à-eux d'atteindre une précision de l'ordre de 3 à 7 mètres selon les conditions.
L'historique des positions permet à un système d'apprentissage d'acquérir un modèle des déplacements des terminaux puis de prédire les déplacements futurs par l'étude et la comparaison du modèle obtenu à des déplacements ultérieurs. Nous avons proposé en particulier d'employer les chaînes de Markov et les réseaux bayésiens pour effectuer l'apprentissage et la prédiction de la mobilité. Nous avons enrichi ces modèles d'un seuil qui détermine le choix des politiques à appliquer en fonction des déplacements du terminal. La précision de nos modèles est variable en fonction des paramètres d'ordre et de seuil mais permet d'atteindre des taux de réussite de la prédiction de 75%. Cette précision permet d'envisager l'anticipation des handovers et l'application d'une politique appropriée.
Zoubert-Ousseni, Kersane. "Algorithmes de géolocalisation à l’intérieur d’un bâtiment en temps différé." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S015/document.
Full textReal time indoor geolocalization has recently been widely studied, and has many applications. Off-line (post-processing) trajectory estimation also presents some interest. Off-line indoor geolocalization makes it possible for instance to develop crowdsourcing approaches that take advantage of a large number of users to collect a large number of measurements: knowing the trajectory of a smartphone user makes it possible for instance to feed an attendance map. Estimating this trajectory does not need to be performed in real-time and can be performed off-line, two main benefits. Firstly, the real-time approach estimates a current position using present and past measurements only, when the off-line approach has access to the whole measurements, and makes it possible to obtain an estimated trajectory that is smoother and more accurate than with a real-time approach. Secondly, this estimation can be done on a server and does not need to be implemented in the smartphone as it is the case in the real-time approach, with the consequence that more computing power and size memory are available. The objective of this PhD is to provide an off-line estimation of the trajectory of a smartphone user receiving signal strength (RSS) of wifi or bluetooth measurements and collecting inertial measurements (IMU). In the beginning, without the floorplan of the building, a parametric model is proposed, based on an adaptive pathloss model for RSS measurements and on a piecewise parametrization for the inertial trajectory, obtained with IMU measurements. Results are an average error of 6.2mfor the off-line estimation against 12.5m for the real-time estimation. Then, information on displacement constraints induced by the walls is considered, that makes it possible to adjust the estimated trajectory by using a particle technique as often done in the state-of-the-art. With this second approach we developped a particle smoother and a maximum a posteriori estimator using the Viterbi algorithm. Other numerical heuristics have been introduced. A first heuristic makes use of the parametric model developed without the floorplan to adjust the state model of the user which was originally based on IMUalone. A second heuristic proposes to performseveral realization of a particle filter and to define two score functions based on RSS and on the continuity of the estimated trajectory. The scores are then used to select the best realization of the particle filter as the estimated trajectory. A global algorithm, which uses all of the aforementioned approaches, leads to an error of 3.6m against 5.8m in real-time. Lastly, a statistical machine learning model produced with random forests makes it possible to distinguish the correct estimated trajectories by only using few variables to be used in a crowdsourcing framework
Bioret, Nicolas. "Géolocalisation par images en s'appuyant sur un sytème d'informations geographiques." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECDN0047.
Full textIn a context of research in urban planning and architectural simulations, we wish to use Augmented Reality as a tool for interaction between users and geograhic information in an urban environment. Such an approach is based on a pose computation, requiring an initialization step (which is the purpose of our work) and then a tracking step. Therefore we present here an outdoor localization approach which combines image data and GIS (Geograhical Information System) data. In a first step we used photographs taken by a handheld camera as input data. Image analysis and projective reconstruction associated to an uncertainty model allow to query the road and building layers of a 2D GIS. Robustness is archieved through a multi-hypothesis approach followed by a filtering step, which discards wrong camera poses. In a second step we looked for more automation by using videos as input data. We reconstruct a cloud of 3D points in which vertical facades are detected, which enables a localization query in the GIS. We also present encouraging experimental results. Our main contribution is to automatically match vector data from a 2D GIS with a recontruction made from imge data, and use thes correspondances for the purpose of outdoor urban localization
Montavont, Julien. "Gestion des déplacements de terminaux IPv6 mobiles assistée par géolocalisation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/MONTAVONT_Julien_2006.pdf.
Full textWireless technologies such as Wi-Fi are becoming very popular and allow users to maintain their Internet connectivity while moving. Yet, the mechanisms introduced by the standards to enable the mobility support still suffer various limitations. Among these is the poor support or lack thereof for rapid and seamless handovers. When moving from one access point to another, a mobile node may experience connection and/or packet loss which may introduce noise and cuts in real-time media streams delivered to the user. In this Ph. D. Thesis, we focus on optimizing the handover process in a wireless IPv6 environment using information from a geographic positioning system. This work contains (among other) the specification and implementation of two new protocols, and the extension of a wireless IPv6 network simulation tool
Ahriz, Iness. "Application des techniques d'apprentissage à la géolocalisation par radio fingerprint." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066355.
Full textSuleiman, Wassim. "Analyse de visibilité et géolocalisation en milieu urbain avec un modèle numérique 3D." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01060183.
Full textHullo, Jean-Francois. "Consolidation de relevés laser d'intérieurs construits : pour une approche probabiliste initialisée par géolocalisation." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801974.
Full textRousseau, Kévin (Auteur de Segmentation et construction de descripteurs appliqués à. des nuages de points à. grande échelle pour la géolocalisation d'un véhicule semi-autonome). "Segmentation et construction de descripteurs appliqués à des nuages de points à grande échelle pour la géolocalisation d'un véhicule semi-autonome." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70398.
Full textIn this work we present a method to reference two dense point clouds. We begin by analyzing a point cloud of a large number of points, approximately 2 million points collected by a LiDAR mounted on a car, in order to segment this point cloud into surfaces that feature representative regions of the point cloud that are interesting in terms of geometry. Then the construction of descriptors for each segment found is made to identify significant features. These descriptors are the FPFH (Fast Point Feature Histograms) and the surface orientation histogram. Finally, the descriptors collected on two different point clouds of the same outdoor environment are compared to identify similar segments and thus to allow the location of the vehicle in relation to the outdoor environment.
Gueye, Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba. "Localisation géographique des hôtes dans l'Internet basée sur la multilatération." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066367.
Full textHofleitner, Aude. "Développement d'un modèle d'estimation des variables de trafic urbain basé sur l'utilisation des technologies de géolocalisation." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798239.
Full textLothe, Pierre. "Localication et cartographie simultanées par vision monoculaire contraintes par un SIG : application à la géolocalisation d'un véhicule." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625652.
Full textDubé, Josianne. "Le développement du réseau de librairies agréées au Québec de 1966 à 1985." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11601.
Full textPerrissol, Philippe. "Conception d'antennes pour biocapteurs implantables." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4118.
Full textThe improvement of the methods of cure and prevention of diseases has always constituted a major objective in our societies. The possibilities offered by modern technologies allow the multiplication of the number of medical applications but all these new practices have an impact on pre-clinical animal studies which require a large-scale health status follow-up. This work, which aims at modernizing the supervision of laboratory mice in an animal facility, is a collaborative project between the LEAT and TIRO-MATOs labs. The objective is the design of a system allowing to facilitate this follow-up for the researchers while leading to new research areas. Thus, we first studied the conception of an antenna working at 433MHz, connected to a mouse implanted temperature sensor, taking also into account the biological environment impact. After having characterized the obtained elements, the feasibility of a localization system has been studied. In order to identify several mice within a cage, the study has focused on using an UHF RFID (Radio Identification Frequency) standard (868 MHz). In this part, a reader antenna placed under the cage has been investigated. Different solutions have been proposed and compared thanks to the received power (RSSI level) recorded by the reader. For that purpose, mice “phantoms” have been specifically developed. The comparison of the different results obtained particularly with numerical mice “phantoms”, led to the conception of a reading diversity system composed of 4 antennas. This last system allows to detect the presence of up to four phantoms within a cage divided into four zones
Silva, Pimenta Marcio. "Antennes souples à base de métamatériaux de type conducteurs magnétiques artificiels pour les standards de systèmes de géolocalisation." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923200.
Full textGottfried, Fabrice. "Vers un outil d'aide à la décision en ingénierie territoriale appliqué à la géolocalisation de centres de santé." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAH012.
Full textEveryone knows that our western societies are getting older. Our elderly use also a lot of health care where costs go up and up year after year. Thus, health managers have to face conflicting challenges : how to offer top health protection for all at a reasonable cost for each of us and at an acceptable cost for our local health authorities. A health management that is too rigorous limited to the sole expenditure may undermine intergenerational solidarity by sacrificing the most vulnerable populations. In this way of mind, our aid decision tool could help health managers and politics find alternative solutions to restore some equity, in our case health care accessibility, to ensure sustainable social justice, the cement of all advanced societies. We have tested our tool with 2 territories having very different geographical and demographic characteristics : the densely populated Bas-Rhin region located in the Eastern part of France and the less densely populated region of Estrie located in the South-eastern Province of Quebec (Canada). Our tool may only be part of the solution to these health care costs mentioned above but, its utility and originality are also easily transferable to other possible organizational environments
Stadler, Yves. "Tatouage d'image semi-fragile pour appareil mobile intégré dans une chaîne de certification." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0395/document.
Full textSmartphones are nowadays ubiquitous, they can be found in anybody's hands with no consideration of one's age or work. They are used to create, manipulate and broadcast security constrained pieces of information (in term of confidentiality, integrity or authenticity). Different protection types can be found, with regard to the security constraints (copyrights, document tracking, etc.). This thesis presents a watermarking scheme tailored for smartphone-captured images, which scheme allows the use of the image as an evidence. The goal is linking the evidence to the image and forbidding any content modification. Confidentiality not being a constraint, the scheme keeps the image visible and allow its broadcast. Contextual pieces of data are part of the evidence: author name, date of shot and geographic location (geolocation). Few means are available to assess this geolocation. The second part of the thesis aims to fill this gap by proposing software based countermeasures to enhanced geolocation authenticity. Finally, the last chapter presents a critic of security works on the other authentication methods required to forge a strong proof
Tian, Ye. "Développement d'une méthode de géolocalisation à l'intérieur de bâtiments par classification des fingerprints GSM et fusion de données de capteurs embarqués." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066027/document.
Full textGPS has long been used for accurate and reliable outdoor localization, but it cannot operate in indoor environments, which suggests developing indoor localization methods that can provide seamless and ubiquitous services for mobile users.In this thesis, indoor localization is realized making use of received signal strength fingerprinting technique based on the existing GSM networks. A room is defined as the minimum location unit, and support vector machine are used as a mean to discriminate the rooms by classifying received signal strengths from very large number of GSM carriers. At the same time, multiple sensors, such as accelerometer and gyroscope, are widely available for modern mobile devices, which provide additional information that helps location determination. The hybrid approach that combines the GSM fingerprinting results with mobile sensor and building layout information using a particle filter provides a more accurate and fine-grained localization result.The results of experiments under realistic conditions demonstrate that correct room number can be obtained 94% of the time provided the derived model is used before significant received signal strength drift sets in. Furthermore, if the training data is sampled over a few days, the performance can remain stable exceeding 80% over a period of months, and can be further improved with various post-processing techniques. Moreover, including the mobile sensors allows the system to localize the mobile trajectory coordinates with high accuracy and reliability
Tian, Ye. "Développement d'une méthode de géolocalisation à l'intérieur de bâtiments par classification des fingerprints GSM et fusion de données de capteurs embarqués." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066027.
Full textGPS has long been used for accurate and reliable outdoor localization, but it cannot operate in indoor environments, which suggests developing indoor localization methods that can provide seamless and ubiquitous services for mobile users.In this thesis, indoor localization is realized making use of received signal strength fingerprinting technique based on the existing GSM networks. A room is defined as the minimum location unit, and support vector machine are used as a mean to discriminate the rooms by classifying received signal strengths from very large number of GSM carriers. At the same time, multiple sensors, such as accelerometer and gyroscope, are widely available for modern mobile devices, which provide additional information that helps location determination. The hybrid approach that combines the GSM fingerprinting results with mobile sensor and building layout information using a particle filter provides a more accurate and fine-grained localization result.The results of experiments under realistic conditions demonstrate that correct room number can be obtained 94% of the time provided the derived model is used before significant received signal strength drift sets in. Furthermore, if the training data is sampled over a few days, the performance can remain stable exceeding 80% over a period of months, and can be further improved with various post-processing techniques. Moreover, including the mobile sensors allows the system to localize the mobile trajectory coordinates with high accuracy and reliability
Entrialgo, Frédérique. "Locative media : la mise en oeuvre artistique des technologies de géolocalisation comme médiation esthétique et critique dans la relation corps/réseau/territoire." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE2030.
Full textMorey, Pearl. "« La liberté en toute sécurité » : les promesses des dispositifs techniques de géolocalisation des résident.e.s en EHPAD face aux tensions morales du care." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0161.
Full textThis PhD thesis explores the use of location tracking devices in elderly care in French nursing homes (EHPAD) through the lens of sociology. By focusing on technological devices, I explore moral tensions that arise within the ethics of care and more specifically, the tension between residents’ freedom of movement and their personal safety as guaranteed by institutions and health professionals. The narrative developed by health professionals around this moral tension is framed as a “dilemma”. An increased freedom of movement would invariably lead to safety gaps to nursing home residents. Conversely, a strong focus on security would systematically lead to restrictions in their human right to move freely. Location tracking devices entered French market in the early 2000s with strong promises, including that of reconciling these two values, as exemplified by the commercial motto « Safe freedom » (« La liberté en toute sécurité »).This thesis explores whether and how care practitioners seize the option of using such technological devices in health and social care institutions. I further investigate the extent to which, in practice, these devices are able to fulfill their promises of reconciling elderly residents’ right to move freely and their personal safety, which falls within the responsibility of nursing home. I order to answer this research question, I focus on three social spheres within the location tracking technologies realm: 1/ product development and implementation, 2/ regulation and 3/ deployment and use in nursing homesBuilding on Care Theory, Sociology of Organizations, Sociology of Ageing and the Elderly, and Science and Technology Studies, this thesis argues that the moral tensions between the right to move freely and the right to safety is currently being addressed and researched in those three social spheres in search for reconciliation. However, arbitration of certain expressions of this tension is usually achieved without the actual location tracking devices, but with support from other tools. Finally, the narrative of arbitration is not always applicable and can at times – especially in case of accident or crisis – be substituted by that of responsibility
Stadler, Yves. "Tatouage d'image semi-fragile pour appareil mobile intégré dans une chaîne de certification." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0395.
Full textSmartphones are nowadays ubiquitous, they can be found in anybody's hands with no consideration of one's age or work. They are used to create, manipulate and broadcast security constrained pieces of information (in term of confidentiality, integrity or authenticity). Different protection types can be found, with regard to the security constraints (copyrights, document tracking, etc.). This thesis presents a watermarking scheme tailored for smartphone-captured images, which scheme allows the use of the image as an evidence. The goal is linking the evidence to the image and forbidding any content modification. Confidentiality not being a constraint, the scheme keeps the image visible and allow its broadcast. Contextual pieces of data are part of the evidence: author name, date of shot and geographic location (geolocation). Few means are available to assess this geolocation. The second part of the thesis aims to fill this gap by proposing software based countermeasures to enhanced geolocation authenticity. Finally, the last chapter presents a critic of security works on the other authentication methods required to forge a strong proof
Charbonnieras, Christophe. "Mesure d’intégrité par l’exploitation des signaux de navigation par satellites." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESAE0036/document.
Full textIn Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) applications, integrity is managed at the reception side by detection,identification and exclusion of faulty pseudorange measurements. Usually based on the a posteriori Receiver AutonomousIntegrity Monitoring (RAIM) concept, integrity techniques provide high performances for civil aviation, with a navigationcontext defined by a clear-sky environment. WLSR RAIM is commonly used. Nevertheless, RAIM techniques are notcompatible with a terrestrial navigation in harsh environments. For instance, urban areas are characterized by a poorvisibility and the reception of many multipaths derived from the receiver closed-environment. RAIM does not consider allthe available data in the reception chain, which dramatically deteriorates the detection performances. Hence, it is necessaryto develop integrity process compatible with such a navigation context. This PhD work studies the contribution of GNSSa priori information, disused by conventional RAIM techniques. Two main parameters have been exploited : the receivedraw GNSS signal and the Directions Of Arrival (DOA) estimations.This first step was devoted to the development of an a priori method which evaluates the consistence of the estimatedPosition Velocity Time (PVT) vector of the receiver with respect to the raw GNSS signal. This method has been calledDirect-RAIM (D-RAIM) and has shown high detection sensitivity, allowing the user to anticipate navigation risks and todefine precisely the quality of the receiver closed-environment. However, the a priori aspect of this approach may lead tonavigation error missed detections if the signal model is getting flawed. In order to circumvent this limitation, a WLSRRAIM – D-RAIM coupling has been developed, called Hybrid-RAIM (H-RAIM). Such an approach merges the robustnessand the sensitivity brought by both techniques.The second research step has brought to light the contribution of the DOA information in an autonomous integritymonitoring. Using an antenna array, the user can get the DOA estimations for all satellites in view. Theoretically, the DOAjoint evolution is directly correlated with the array rotation angles. Hence, any mismatch on the DOA estimations withrespect to the global constellation can be detected. RANdom Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm has been used inorder to detect any faulty DOA evolution, derived from inconsistencies in reception linked to potential navigation risks :RANSAC measures the trust that the user can place in each channel. Therefore, a WLSR RAIM RANSAC algorithmhas been developed. The integration of the DOA component adds a degree of freedom in receiver autonomous integritymonitoring, refining the error detection and exclusion.Last but not least, a software receiver has been implemented processing Galileo data, from the signal generation to positioningand integrity monitoring. This software has been evaluated by simulated data characterizing urban environments
Gomez, Javier. "Optimisation des transports et mobilité durable : le cas des applications géolocalisées sur téléphone mobile." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697124.
Full textLaila, Mona. "La télémédecine et les technologies d'assistance pour la prise en charge des personnes âgées fragiles à domicile et en institution : modélisation du besoin, de la prescription et du suivi." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10140.
Full textThe research work of this thesis results in its contributing to incorporate new technologies into gerontological practice, in order to meet the needs of older people. Ln the first part of this work and after a general presentation of the research field, the thesis elaborates an exploratol)' survey of health care profession ais about the needs of older people. This survey is followed by a presentation of solutions provided by telemedicine and new technologies for meeting these needs. Ln the second part, we develop a two-dimensional approach for using new technologies in the daily life of older people at home and in institution. The first dimension of this approach is related to the consultation of clinical gerontechnology. The second dimension proposes three clinical models for using the three following technologies tested in this work: GPS tracking, videoconference and actigraphy. The third part presents a detailed discussion of the multi-dimensions of our research, such as an ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) core set for gerontechnology, users' attitude towards technologies, benefits and barri ers to use ofthese technologies, as weil as an ethical concept. The discussion also elaborates proposaIs concerning: 1) a classification of technological devices for gerontology, 2) a generic clinical model for using of technological devices in gerontological practice, and 3) a professional cali centre to enable these new technologies
Laila, Mona. "La télémédecine et les technologies d'assistance pour la prise en charge des personnes âgées fragiles à domicile et en institution : modélisation du besoin, de la prescription et du suivi." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00593411.
Full textBarrau, Axel. "Filtres de Kalman étendus reposant sur une variable d'erreur non linéaire avec applications à la navigation." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0080/document.
Full textThe present thesis explores the use of non-linear state errors to devise extended Kalman filters (EKFs). First we depart from the theory of invariant observers on Lie groups and propose a more general yet simpler framework allowing to obtain non-linear error variables having the novel unexpected property of being governed by a (partially) linear differential equation. This result is leveraged to ensure local stability of the invariant EKF (IEKF) under standard observability assumptions, when extended to this class of (non-invariant) systems. Real applications to some industrial problems in partnership with the company SAGEM illustrate the remarkable performance gap over the conventional EKF. A second route we investigate is to turn the noise on and consider the invariant errors as stochastic processes. Convergence in law of the error to a fixed probability distribution, independent of the initialization, is obtained if the error with noise turned off is globally convergent, which in turn allows to assess gains in advance that minimize the error's asymptotic dispersion. The last route consists in stepping back a little and exploring general EKFs (beyond the Lie group case) relying on a non-linear state error. Novel mathematical (global) properties are derived. In particular, these methods are shown to remedy the famous problem of false observability created by the EKF if applied to simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), which is a novel result
De, Caro Serena. "Dynamiques d’occupation de l’espace périurbain et de la chora septentrionale et orientale de Poseidonia-Paestum." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100096.
Full textThis research, carried out under the guidance of Mrs. A. Pontrandolfo, Professor at the Salerno University and Mrs. Rouveret, Professor at the Paris X University. Our main goal is to rebuild the diachronic, dynamical, more articulated and less fragmented picture of the types of occupation and transformation of the periurban area and of the northern and eastern chora of Poseidonia-Paestum, between the Sele river, in the north, and the actual town of Roccadaspide, in the east, in the period between the foundation of the Greek polis and the resulting Latin colony. The methodological assumptions at the basis of this study are: the "critical" revision of the known information in bibliography, filed documents, diaries of excavations and reports of the Superintendence officers integrated by the study of the paleoenvironmental dynamics, and verifications, formalization and aggregation of data aiming to an historical interpretation. The core of this research is the philological analyses of the materials obtained in different ways: an essential anchorage point and a basis for the interpreting proposals relevant to the dynamics of the occupation of the periurban space and the area in the north and in the east of Poseidonia- Paestum. To the census of the unpublished and the filed information, to their geo-localization – when possible – to the analyses of the materials some further data were added. These data are provided by the methodical surfaces reconnaissance which, since 2003, have been involving the territory of Poseidonia-Paestum. The archaeological research has shown that before the monumentalization, the city spaces are clearly defined and their outline is based on their functions and on their usages. The northerly and easterly territory is characterized by meaningful presences which play a fundamental role in relationship with the native elements since the beginning of the IV century BC and which adopt different values and connotations until the Romanization
Semaan, Bernard. "Raffinement de la localisation d’images provenant de sites participatifs pour la mise à jour de SIG urbain." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0055/document.
Full textCities are active spots in the earth globe. They are in constant change. New building constructions, demolitions and business changes may apply on daily basis. City managers aim to keep as much as possible an updated digital model of the city. The model may consist of 2D maps but may also be a 3D reconstruction or a street imagery sequence. In order to share the geographical information and keep a 2D map updated, collaborative cartography was born. "OpenStreetMap.org" platform is one of the most known platforms in this field. In order to create an active collaborative database of street imagery we suggest using 2D images available on image sharing platforms like "Flickr", "Twitter", etc. Images downloaded from such platforms feature a rough localization and no orientation information. We propose a system that helps finding a better localization of the images and providing an information about the camera orientation they were shot with. The system uses both visual and semantic information existing in a single image. To do that, we present a fully automatic processing chain composed of three main layers: Data retrieval and preprocessing layer, Features extraction layer, Decision Making layer. We then present the whole system results combining both semantic and visual information processing results. We call our system Data Gathering system for image Pose Estimation (DGPE). We also present a new automatic method for simple architecture building detection we have developed and used in our system. This method is based on segments detected in the image and was called Segments Based Building Detection (SBBD). We test our method against some weather changes and occlusion problems. We finally compare our building detection results with another state-of-the-art method using several images databases
Bruna, Yann. "Les nouvelles expériences au monde de l'individu géolocalisé." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU1062/document.
Full textBecause of their increasing and intensive use over the last few years, roughly similar to the smartphone penetration rate, Location-Based Services (LBS) have quickly and strongly become rooted in the everyday’s life of the hyperconnected user. We are questionning ourselves in this PhD research on the new experiences to the world brought by the use of such devices throughout a qualitative survey conducted among 62 LBS users. Our first results highlight that those LBS, like some other information and communication technologies, largely contribute in the reinvestment of space and places, while they are creating a relativization of metric distance over the temporal one and new ways to experience time defined by a continuous acceleration and a search for immediacy. But, as LBS are becoming more and more socializing, we also noticed and analyzed new grouping and dodging strategies, as well as new ways to watch over and possibly control people. This sometimes leads to new balances of power between the one who is tracking and the one who is being tracked, deeply linked to discussions over visibility, visuality and anonymity in a hybrid urban space where the share of location has become almost continuous
Larnaout, Dorra. "Localisation d'un véhicule à l'aide d'un SLAM visuel contraint." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01038016.
Full textJain, Ankit. "Detection on HF radio transmitters using passive geolocation techniques." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0128/document.
Full textLong-range radio transmission in the HF band can cover large geographical areas using light and mobile equipment. It is therefore well suited for communications during military operations orfor the rapid deployment of an agile communication network during humanitarian operations. In this context, it is important to determine the geographic location of the transmitters by analyzing the electromagnetic communication signals. The aim of the thesis is to develop an alternative, complementary geolocation technique, entitled Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) that has rarely been studied in the case of ionospheric propagation. As a first step, HF geolocation algorithm based on TDoA is setup and analyzed by parametric software simulations. Simulation results demonstrate that increasing the number of receivers leads to a significant improvement in the geolocation accuracy. In order to study the feasibility of a practical HF geolocation system based on TDoA, multiple remotely controllable HF receivers are designed using software defined radio (SDR) modules and a country wide operational receiver network is deployed in France. A concept of cross-channel sounding along with its mathematical description is proposed to evaluate the propagation duration differences between the signals captured by two distinct receivers. Preliminary experimental results show that it is possible to locate the HF transmitters under favorable conditions with a relative geolocation error ranging from about 0.1 to 10% of the actual ground distance. Data captured during the large scale measurement campaign are analyzed statistically to evaluate the performance of the geolocation algorithm and define parameters that could be considered in an operational approach
Berjawi, Bilal. "Integration of heterogeneous data from multiple location-based services providers : A use case on tourist points of interest." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI072/document.
Full textLocation Based Services (LBS) had been involved to deliver relevant geospatial information based on a geographic position or address. The amount of geospatial data is constantly increasing, making it a valuable source of information for enriching LBS applications. However, these geospatial data are highly inconsistent and contradictory from one source to another. We assume that integrating geospatial data from several sources may improve the quality of information offered to users. In this thesis, we specifically focus on data representing Points of Interest (POIs) that tourists can get through LBS. Retrieving, matching and merging such geospatial entities lead to several challenges. We mainly focus on three main challenges including (i) detecting and merging corresponding entities across multiple sources and (ii) considering the uncertainty of integrated entities and their representation in LBS applications
Boileau, Donald. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle pour la détection d’événements de sécurité publique à partir d’un flux Twitter." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10241.
Full textAbstract : Twitter is a social media that is very popular in North America, giving law enforcement agencies an opportunity to detect events of public interest. Twitter messages (tweets) tied to an event often contain street names, indicating where this event takes place, which can be used to infer the event's geographical coordinates in real time. Many commercial software tools are available to monitor social media. The performance of these tools could be greatly improved with a larger sample of tweets, a sorting mechanism to identify pertinent events more quickly and to measure the reliability of the detected events. The goal of this master‟s thesis is to detect, from a public Twitter stream, events relative to public safety of a territory, automatically and with an acceptable level of reliability. To achieve this objective, a computer model based on four components has been developed: a) capture of public tweets based on keywords with the application of a geographic filter, b) natural language processing of the text of these tweets, use of a street gazetteer to identify tweets that can be localized and geocoding of tweets based on street names and intersections, c) a spatio-temporal method to form tweet clusters and, d) event detection by isolating clusters containing at least two tweets treating the same subject. This research project differs from existing scientific research as it combines natural language processing, search and geocoding of toponyms based on a street gazetteer, the creation of clusters using geomatics and identification of event clusters based on common tweets to detect public safety events in a Twitter public stream. The application of the model to the 90,347 tweets collected for the Toronto-Niagara region in Ontario, Canada has resulted in the identification and geocoding of 1,614 tweets and the creation of 172 clusters from which 79 event clusters contain at least two tweets having the same subject showing a reliability rate of 45.9 %.
Tolza, Xavier. "Techniques embarquées de localisation indoor exploitant le protocole Bluetooth pour des objets connectés basse consommation." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ISAT0013.
Full textLocalization is an information used by many fields in both the civil and military sectors: war, exploration, aeronautical/naval/space navigation, construction, logistics, etc.Since the Second World War and the democratization of consumer radio equipment (telephones, GNSS receivers, etc.), localization by radio waves has gradually established itself as the standard method of localization in a large number of fields.From the last century until today, the capacities of localization systems have increased, thanks to the constant improvement of the computing power of integrated circuits and their miniaturization, making it possible to integrate localization functionalities in an increasing number mobile equipment. The measurement of radio signals and the calculations necessary for position estimation can now be performed on small on-board equipment.However, current solutions mostly use fixed and wired radio equipment to allow the location of mobile connected objects. However, it is preferable for many use cases that the entire system runs on batteries: temporary deployments, environments without a power network or too high installation costs. It is therefore necessary to assess and improve the energy autonomy of current location algorithms.Many connected objects are already in circulation, research around a location system compatible with those already existing equipment arouses great research interest. A large part of current connected objects using standardized protocols in the 2.4GHZ ISM band, numerous studies assess the relevance of those signals for indoor positioning. The Bluetooth standard is widely used and energy efficient, making it an attractive candidate for indoor location. The studies presenting a localization system using this protocol are numerous, but there is no conclusive comparison on the performances of the main existing algorithms using ultra low consumption equipment.The objective of this study is to study and develop a localization system applied to indoor localization, using the Bluetooth protocol and fully autonomous on battery. A comparison between the main existing techniques and algorithms (reception power (RSSI), arrival time (ToA) and angle of arrival (AoA)) will be carried out and energy autonomy will be assessed.First, the physical models of these three techniques are compared, and a parametric optimization to estimate a position from the raw measurements is presented. Different energy management strategies are presented and the methods used to carry out the measurements for location with low consumption are detailed.Finally, the energy performance of the system is evaluated, the overall autonomy is estimated and the position error distribution function is given for each of the three compared techniques
Nunez, Del Prado Cortez Miguel. "Attaques d'inférence sur des bases de données géolocalisées." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926957.
Full textElgui, Kevin. "Contributions to RSSI-based geolocation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT047.
Full textThe Network-Based Geolocation has raised a great deal of attention in the context of the Internet of Things. In many situations, connected objects with low-consumption should be geolocated without the use of GPS or GSM. Geolocation techniques based on the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) stands out, because other location techniques may fail in the context of urban environments and/or narrow band signals. First, we propose some methods for the RSSI-based geolocation problem. The observation is a vector of RSSI received at the various base stations. In particular, we introduce a semi-parametric Nadaraya-Watson estimator of the likelihood, followed by a maximum a posteriori estimator of the object’s position. Experiments demonstrate the interest of the proposed method, both in terms of location estimation performance, and ability to build radio maps. An alternative approach is given by a k-nearest neighbors regressor which uses a suitable metric between RSSI vectors. Results also show that the quality of the prediction is highly related to the chosen metric. Therefore, we turn our attention to the metric learning problem. We introduce an original task-driven objective for learning a similarity between pairs of data points. The similarity is chosen as a sum of regression trees and is sequentially learned by means of a modified version of the so-called eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm (XGBoost). The last part of the thesis is devoted to the introduction of a Conditional Independence (CI) hypothesis test. The motivation is related to the fact that for many estimators, the components of the RSSI vectors are assumed independent given the position. The contribution is however provided in a general statistical framework. We introduce the weighted partial copula function for testing conditional independence. The proposed test procedure results from the following ingredients: (i) the test statistic is an explicit Cramér-von Mises transformation of the weighted partial copula, (ii) the regions of rejection are computed using a boot-strap procedure which mimics conditional independence by generating samples. Under the null hypothesis, the weak convergence of the weighted partial copula process is established and endorses the soundness of our approach
Primault, Vincent. "Practically preserving and evaluating location privacy." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI017/document.
Full textIn the past decades, the usage of GPS-enabled smartphones has dramatically risen. However, all these usages do not come without privacy threats. Indeed, location data that users are sending to these services can be used to infer sensitive knowledge about them, such as where they live or where they work. This is were protection mechanisms come into play, whose goal is to put users back in control of their privacy. We start by surveying existing protection mechanisms and metrics used to evaluate them. This first analysis highlights a particularly sensitive information, namely the points of interest. These are all the places where users use to spend most of their time. This leads us towards building a new protection mechanism, PROMESSE, whose main goal is to hide these points of interest. Protection mechanisms tend to be configured by parameters, which highly impact their effectiveness in terms of privacy and utility. We propose ALP, a solution to help users to configure their protection mechanisms from a set of objectives they specified. Finally, we introduce Accio, which is a software encompassing most of our work. Its goal is to allow to easily launch location privacy experiments and enforce their reproducibility
Iphar, Clément. "Formalisation d'un environnement d'analyse des données basé sur la détection d'anomalies pour l'évaluation de risques : Application à la connaissance de la situation maritime." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM041/document.
Full textAt sea, various systems enable vessels to be aware of their environment and on the coast, those systems, such as radar, provide a picture of the maritime traffic to the coastal states. One of those systems, the Automatic Identification System (AIS) is used for security purposes (anti-collision) and as a tool for on-shore bodies as a control and surveillance and decision-support tool.An assessment of AIS based on data quality dimensions is proposed, in which integrity is highlighted as the most important of data quality dimensions. As the structure of AIS data is complex, a list of integrity items have been established, their purpose being to assess the consistency of the data within the data fields with the technical specifications of the system and the consistency of the data fields within themselves in a message and between the different messages. In addition, the use of additional data (such as fleet registers) provides additional information to assess the truthfulness and the genuineness of an AIS message and its sender.The system is weekly secured and bad quality data have been demonstrated, such as errors in the messages, data falsification or data spoofing, exemplified in concrete cases such as identity theft or vessel voluntary disappearances. In addition to message assessment, a set of threats have been identified, and an assessment of the associated risks is proposed, allowing a better comprehension of the maritime situation and the establishment of links between the vulnerabilities caused by the weaknesses of the system and the maritime risks related to the safety and security of maritime navigation
Nuñez, del Prado Cortez Miguel. "Inference attacks on geolocated data." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0028/document.
Full textIn recent years, we have observed the development of connected and nomad devices suchas smartphones, tablets or even laptops allowing individuals to use location-based services(LBSs), which personalize the service they offer according to the positions of users, on a dailybasis. Nonetheless, LBSs raise serious privacy issues, which are often not perceived by the endusers. In this thesis, we are interested in the understanding of the privacy risks related to thedissemination and collection of location data. To address this issue, we developed inferenceattacks such as the extraction of points of interest (POI) and their semantics, the predictionof the next location as well as the de-anonymization of mobility traces, based on a mobilitymodel that we have coined as mobility Markov chain. Afterwards, we proposed a classificationof inference attacks in the context of location data based on the objectives of the adversary.In addition, we evaluated the effectiveness of some sanitization measures in limiting the efficiencyof inference attacks. Finally, we have developed a generic platform called GEPETO (forGEoPrivacy Enhancing Toolkit) that can be used to test the developed inference attacks