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1
Nisar, Umair Bin, Siddique Akhtar Ehsan, Muhammad Farooq, et al. "Integrated Geoelectrical and Geological Investigation of a Quaternary Paleo-Depositional Environment in the Haripur Basin, Northern Pakistan: Implications for Groundwater System." Geofluids 2023 (March 6, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1057457.
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The deposition in Haripur basin not only provides a contemporary insight into old fluvial depositional sequences of the Himalayan foreland but also sheds light on the important continental depositions in a monsoon controlled foreland system. The present study emphasizes the evaluation of the paleo-depositional architecture for sustainable groundwater availability by utilizing a total of four field-based geological observations, eleven boreholes, and fifty-nine vertical electrical sounding (VES) datasets. The acquired surface geological data well correlate with resistivity and borehole data. The derived results of the lithostratigraphic cross-sections and spatial distribution maps reveal three-sided closure depositional. These depositional directions indicate thick successions of coarser sediments near the foothills and interbedded mixture of coarser and finer sediments toward the central and southern parts of the basin. The former conditions provide maximum groundwater yielding capacity for sustainable groundwater supply in the north-eastern and north-western parts of the basin. On the contrary, in the central and southern parts of the basin, the groundwater yielding capacities have drastically decreased due to deposition of finer sediments.
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Putri, Helen Dwi, Budhi Setiawan, and Yogie Zulkurnia Rochmana. "Geological History Reconstruction using Stratigraphic Analysis: A Case Study of Kampung Baru, West Sumatra." Journal of Earth and Marine Technology (JEMT) 4, no. 2 (2024): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31284/j.jemt.2024.v4i2.5729.
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The reconstruction of geological history includes the development of rocks and volcanic deposits on a depositional pattern consisting of various types of sedimentary materials accumulated over a long time, which involves depositional changes. Depositional changes require geological comprehension in analyzing and understanding the geological processes involved in their evolution. For this reason, stratigraphic analysis is a very relevant approach to discussing rock layers, including significant environmental changes during their geologic history. The purpose of this research is to find out the geological processes that have contributed to the formation of the earth in the past. The method in this research is a stratigraphic analysis carried out from field observation data carried out directly at the outcrop. Deposition began with the re-deposition of the Pre-Tertiary (Triassic)-aged Porphyry Quartz Dasite Formation. In the Late Oligocene Epoch, the Sawahtambang Formation was deposited, which formed in the braided river characterized by the presence of sedimentary structures in the form of lamination and cross lamination. In the Early Miocene to Middle Miocene, the transgression process occurred, where the change in deposition was caused by the supply of larger land sediments that caused the deposition of the Ombilin Formation to be deposited in the marine environment of the Transition-Nerritic Edge based on the bathymetry results. The research results are expected to enable geological information to gain in-depth knowledge and experience about the history of deposition and assist in geological modeling.
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Friday, Uhuo, Kenneth, Okoro, Anthony U., Igwe Ezekiel O., and Ukandu James S. "ANALYSIS OF DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF UK FIELD RESERVOIR SANDS IN NIGER DELTA BASIN, NIGERIA." American Journal of Applied sciences 04, no. 12 (2022): 05–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume04issue12-02.
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The environments of deposition play a vital role during hydrocarbon formation, migration, trapping and storage. Since the reservoir rocks are a function of their depositional environments, the successful tapping of hydrocarbon from its host rock when wells are drilled depends largely on the petrophysical characteristics of the reservoir rocks which in turn originated from and are influenced by their depositional environment. The reservoir facies in Niger Delta shows a broad range of characteristic sedimentological complexities that gave rise to subsurface geological, drilling and production problems occurring in UK Field. The problems include inaccurate determination of environments of deposition, imperfect stratigraphic correlations and reservoir top uncertainty across the UK Field which are targeted by this research in other to help resolve these challenges facing oil and gas industries in the Niger Delta basin of Nigeria. The research findings will assist in the evaluation of depositional environments and well-to-well lithologic correlation within the UK Field and Niger Delta Basin at large. It will also help to unravel major causes of reservoir top uncertainty in UK Field. Also, it will help in future planning and drilling of new wells within UK Field. The determination of the depositional environments of UK Field reservoir sands were carried out to determine the depositional environment of reservoir sand bodies based on data from seven (7) wells. The determination of depositional environments of sand facies penetrated by wells UK1, UK2, UK3, UK4, UK5, UK6 and UK8 was achieved through a side-by-side comparison of their log suites to standard log motifs. Results of facies analysis showed that the reservoir sands belong to mostly (i) fluvial channel, (ii) barrier bar, (iii) lower-middle shoreface, (iv) distributary mouth bar, (v) distributary channel, (vi) point bar and (vii) tidal channel environments that belonged to parts of a deltaic system. Lithologic correlation result reveals the existence of good correlation among all wells in UK Field due to good geological similarities except well UK8 that failed to correlate perfectly with others thereby establishing the existence of reservoir top uncertainty within UK Field. Therefore, reservoir top uncertainty within UK Field is geologically controlled.
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Cahyaningsih, Catur, Anjas Latif Ritonga, Shaury Aldila, and Zulhikmah Zulhikmah. "Lithofacies And Depositional Analysis Environment Of West Section Kolok Nan Tuo Village, Sawahlunto City, West Of Sumatera." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 3, no. 2 (2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2018.3.2.340.
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Research areas were located in the west of Kolok Nan Tuo Village. Geographically this area is located at coordinates 00 ° 36'57,85 '' - 00 ° 37'56,89 '' latitude and 100 ° 42'10,08 '' 100 ° 43'47,28 " BT. The methods used in research is geological mapping. Based on the results of stratigraphic research area is divided into three units consist of: Crystalline Limestone Unit (SBGK) consisting Crystalline Limestone of and mudstone lithofacies, Conglomerate Units (SK) consists of polymic conglomerate and sandstones greywacke lithofacies while claystone Unit (SBL) lithofacies consists of claystone with sedimentary structures is flake. Result of research can interpreted Depositional environment based on type of lithofacies include of grain size, sedimentary structures and content of fossils. SBGK interpretated depositional environment is a basement of basin, SK depositional environment debris unit limestones can be seen from fragments of conglomerates that many there are crystalline limestones and mudstone that make up the alluvial fan (deposition surface) and lithologies clay from sedimentary structures where rock mudstone generally in doposition the current flow that quiet can form sedimentary structures flake and properties of claystone which carbonated an identifier depositional environments sea so can be determined that the environment in the form of neritic environment.
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Ha, Chang Su, Gyu Bin Go, Hyeon Jun Kim, et al. "Investigation of the Paleozoic Carboniferous and Mesozoic Cretaceous Geological Environments in Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do." Korean Science Education Society for the Gifted 17, no. 1 (2025): 64–70. https://doi.org/10.29306/jseg.2025.17.1.64.
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This study was conducted as part of the mentorship program at the Science Education Institute for Gifted Students, Chonnam National University. Geological fieldwork and laboratory thin-section analyses were carried out on the Carboniferous Oeumri Formation and the Cretaceous Jangdong Tuff, both distributed in Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, to investigate past depositional environments and tectonic settings. Sedimentary facies and depositional structures observed in outcrops suggest that the Oeumri Formation and Jangdong Tuff were mainly deposited in beach and fluvial environments, respectively. The modal compositions of sandstones were plotted on the QFL ternary diagram to elucidate the past tectonic settings. Sandstones from the Oeumri Formation and Jangdong Tuff plot in the recycled orogen field and the dissected arc field on the QFL diagram. Consequently, the geologic environments of the Hwasun region changed from a shallow marine environment with a recycled orogenic tectonic setting at approximately 300 Ma to a fluvial environment near a volcanic arc region around 100 Ma.
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Aiello, Gemma, and Mauro Caccavale. "The Depositional Environments in the Cilento Offshore (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) Based on Marine Geological Data." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 10 (2021): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101083.
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The depositional environments offshore of the Cilento Promontory have been reconstructed based on the geological studies performed in the frame of the marine geological mapping of the geological sheet n. 502 “Agropoli”. The littoral environment (toe-of-coastal cliff deposits and submerged beach deposits), the inner continental shelf environment (inner shelf deposits and bioclastic deposits), the outer continental shelf environment (outer shelf deposits and bioclastic deposits), the lowstand system tract and the Pleistocene relict marine units have been singled out. The littoral, inner shelf and outer shelf environments have been interpreted as the highstand system tract of the Late Quaternary depositional sequence. This sequence overlies the Cenozoic substratum (ssi unit), composed of Cenozoic siliciclastic rocks, genetically related with the Cilento Flysch. On the inner shelf four main seismo-stratigraphic units, overlying the undifferentiated acoustic basement have been recognized based on the geological interpretation of seismic profiles. On the outer shelf, palimpsest deposits of emerged to submerged beach and forming elongated dunes have been recognized on sub-bottom profiles and calibrated with gravity core data collected in previous papers. The sedimentological analysis of sea bottom samples has shown the occurrence of several grain sizes occurring in this portion of the Cilento offshore.
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Tabuni, Yorana, Hermina Haluk, and Nur Alzair. "KARAKTERISTIK BATUGAMPING FORMASI MARUNI DAERAH WARMARE DAN SEKITARNYA KABUPATEN MANOKWARI PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT." INTAN Jurnal Penelitian Tambang 4, no. 2 (2022): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.56139/intan.v4i2.88.
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This study aims to determine the characteristics of the Maruni Formation limestones in the Warmare area and its surroundings in Manokwari Regency by using geological mapping, and petrographic and paleontological analysis. Based on physical, petrographic and paleontological characteristics, the limestone facies in the study area consist of packstone, wackestone, mudstone and crystalline. Limestone diagenetic processes that occur in the study area are cementation diagenesis and neomorphism. Limestone depositional environment consists of two depositional environments. First, the depositional environment is in a shallow ocean shelf with limited circulation (SMF10: bioclastic packstone/wackestone with worm skeletal grains and SMF18: Grainstone or packstone with abundant foraminifera or algae; FZ7-FZ8; Platform Interior – Openmarine, Restricted). After that, sea level conditions decreased, so that the depositional environment shifted towards the sea (SMF2: Micobioclastic peloidal calcisiltite and SMF3: Pelagic mudstone/wackstone – FZ3: Toe of Slope). However, in the complex classification of facies, the research area is included in the lagoon depositional environment.
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Trinh, Bien Song, Quy Ngoc Dang, Duc Anh Nguyen, et al. "Integration of geological and geophysical data for predicting the sedimentary environment of Oligocene formations in the Northeastern Cuu Long Basin." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 66, no. 1 (2024): 98–111. https://doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2025.66(1).10.
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This study focuses on the synthesis and analysis of an extensive array of geological and geophysical data to deepen understanding of the depositional environments of Oligocene formations in the northeastern Cuu Long Basin, a region of significant interest for hydrocarbon exploration. Major oil and gas fields, including Su Tu Vang and Ruby, are central to ongoing and future exploration efforts, underscoring the importance of accurately delineating sedimentary distribution patterns within both structural and stratigraphic traps. Our approach integrates multiple datasets such as paleontological, lithological, well-log, and seismic data which enable us to classify the Oligocene sediments into three primary depositional environments: fluvial plain, marginal lacustrine, and lacustrine. Each environment is associated with specific sedimentary facies that influence key reservoir properties, including hydrocarbon trapping potential, fluid dynamics, and overall reservoir quality. Understanding these facies is essential for evaluating hydrocarbon-bearing intervals and optimizing field development strategies. In addition, a detailed spatial and temporal analysis of the sedimentary units F, E, D Lower, and D Upper was conducted, revealing evolutionary changes in depositional conditions over time. These insights provide crucial information about the stratigraphic framework and depositional history of the northeastern Cuu Long Basin, contributing to more precise geological models that enhance exploration targeting and production efficiency. Ultimately, this study underscores the value of integrating geological and geophysical approaches to optimize drilling locations, improve hydrocarbon recovery, and advance reservoir management in the Cuu Long Basin. The comprehensive methodology and insights gained from this research provide a valuable foundation for applying these integrated approaches to similar basins, thereby improving the accuracy of geological models and the efficiency of hydrocarbon recovery efforts.
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Adam, Ignasius Mahendradewa, A. Saadjad, R. Isliko, and R. Umagapi. "Reconstruction of Geological History Based on Stratigraphic Analysis in the Gombong Region, North Serayu Basin." Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral 26, no. 1 (2025): 29–37. https://doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.geologi.v26i1.922.
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In the North Serayu Basin, there are deepsea sedimentary material and volcanic material are deposited in the terrestrial environment. The varied depositional environments require a detailed geological understanding. Because research has yet to be carried out regarding the reconstruction of the geological history in the Gombong area, this research was carried out to study and understand the chronology of deposition and the condition of its geological structure. Research methods include field observation, stratigraphic analysis, and surface geological structure analysis. From old to young, the stratigraphy of the research area is the Shale Interbedded Unit with Rambatan Sandstone, the Halang Tuff Unit, the Dacite Intrusion Unit, and the Slamet Basalt Lava Unit. The reconstruction of the geological history of the research area began in the Middle Miocene - Late Miocene with the deposition of the Shale Interbedded Unit with Rambatan Sandstone in the lower Bathyal-Abysal bathymetric environment (500-2000 m) and the Halang Tuff Unit was deposited in the Late Miocene-Pliocene-finger conformity. Then, during the Late Miocene, the deposition of the Dacite Intrusion Unit occurred, which had an unconformable relationship (nonconformity) with interbedded shale units with Rambatan Sandstone below. Then, in the Late Miocene - Pliocene, due to the compressional regime phase of the Java Island subduction, a geological structure was formed with the principal stress (σ1) trending relatively northwest- southeast, which resulted in the Sarawak right-slip fault, the Mendelem thrust fault and the Gunungtiga normal fault. Furthermore, during the Pleistocene, volcanic activity continued, producing the Slamet Basalt Lava Unit, which had an incongruent relationship (nonconformity) with the Dacite Intrusion Unit below it. Keywords: Geological History, Stratigraphy, North Serayu Basin.
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Permana, Aang Panji, Subagyo Pramumijoyo, and Sunarty Suly Eraku. "MICROFACIES AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF TERTIARY LIMESTONE, GORONTALO PROVINCE, INDONESIA." Series of Geology and Technical Sciences 2, no. 446 (2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-170x.29.
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The research area is located in northern Limboto Lake in Gorontalo Province, which has complex geological characteristics. The geological complexities include stratigraphy and tectonics which influence the formation of the Limboto Basin. Limestone research in the Late Tertiary Limboto Basin is very intriguing to be done because of the lack of research in limestone. Gorontalo limestone outcrops, which become the focus of the research, have a total thickness of 30 meters. The research objective is to analyze facies, microfacies, and depositional environment of tertiary limestone. These two research objectives are attained by using two research methods, namely measurd section and petrography analysis. The research result exhibits that there are four Gorontalo limestones facies, including coralline rudstone intercalated with thin mudstone facies, sandy micrite intercession facies, coralline rudstone intercession facies and sandy allochem limestone intercession facies. According to the limestone micro- facies standard, the depositional environment of Gorontalo limestone is platform interior restricted (facies zone 8).
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M. N., Mba-Otike,, Ideozu, R. U., and Odiaka, N. I. "Petrophysical Evaluation of Nwosa Field, Offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria; Implication for Depositional Environment." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XII, no. I (2025): 876–83. https://doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2025.12010076.
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Well log data were studied to evaluate their petrophysical properties and to decipher the depositional environment of sediments in Nwosa Field, Offshore Niger Delta. The materials used for this study comprised well log data (detailed measurements from various geological formations) well header data (metadata of each well, as well as identification and operational details, deviation data (indicating the angles of deviation of each well from vertical) and the Petrel Software was employed for geological modeling and analysis. A reservoir bodies X was identified, with the environment of deposition for reservoir interpreted as a deltaic sequence occurring at a depth of 8510-8600ft. While below the deltaic sequence is a bar at a depth of 7940-800ft. The average petrophysical parameters were calculated for reservoir X and the properties obtained are porosity (21%), permeability (1533.7md), net-to-gross (0.608911), oil saturation (55%) and STOIIP (63.0111mmstb). This is an implication that the reservoir formation is porous and permeable with good interconnected pore spaces within the reservoir stratigraphic units.
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Li, Jun, Xiaoying Zhang, Bin Lu, Raheel Ahmed, and Qian Zhang. "Static Geological Modelling with Knowledge Driven Methodology." Energies 12, no. 19 (2019): 3802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193802.
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Geological modelling is an important topic of oil and gas exploration and production. A new knowledge driven methodology of geological modelling is proposed to address the problem of “hard data” limitation and modelling efficiency of the conventional data driven methodology. Accordingly, a new geological modelling software (DMatlas) (V1.0, Dimue, Wuhan, China) has been developed adopting a grid-free, object-based methodology. Conceptual facies models can be created for various depositional environments (such as fluvial, delta and carbonates). The models can be built largely based on geologists’ understandings with “soft data” such as outcrops analysis and geological maps from public literatures. Basic structures (fault, folds, and discrete fracture network) can be easily constructed according to their main features. In this methodology, models can be shared and re-used by other modelers or projects. Large number of model templates help to improve the modelling work efficiency. To demonstrate the tool, two case studies of geological modelling with knowledge driven methodology are introduced: (1) Suizhong 36-1 field which is a delta depositional environment in Bohai basin, China; (2) a site of the north Oman fracture system. The case studies show the efficiency and reliability within the new methodology.
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Adrian, Fahri, Ariadi Putra, Akmal Muhni, and Marwan Marwan. "Depositional Environment Analysis Carbonate Rocks in Montasik District." Journal of Aceh Physics Society 9, no. 3 (2020): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jacps.v9i3.17028.
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Kecamatan Montasik terdiri dari 2 formasi yaitu Formasi Gunungapi Lam Teuba berumur Pliosen Akhir sampai Plistosen Akhir dan Formasi Anggota Padangtiji berumur Pliosen Awal sampai Pliosen Tengah. Litologi Formasi Anggota Padangtiji terdiri dari konglomerat, batulanau, batupasir gampingan dan batu gamping. Lingkup penelitian ini meliputi kajian tentang kondisi geologi permukaan dan analisis lingkungan pengendapan sedimen karbonat pada lokasi penelitian. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pengambilan data langsung di lapangan dan menganalisis petrologi dan petrografi pada sampel batuan. Litologi pada lokasi penelitian terdiri dari 7 satuan yaitu guguran lava, lava andesit, lapili jatuhan piroklastik, tuf jatuhan piroklastik, konglomerat, batugamping terumbu dan batupasir gampingan. Lingkungan pengendapan sedimen karbonat yang terdapat pada lokasi penelitian terbentuk di laut dangkal (reef) pada kedalaman 0 m - 200 m di bawah permukaan laut. Zona fasies pengendapan batugamping pada lokasi penelitian terendapkan pada zona platform margin sands dan organic buildups. Sedangkan zona fasies terumbu pada lokasi penelitian terdapat pada zona reef front. Montasik district consists of two formations, Gunungapi Lam Teuba Formation aged Late Pliocene – Late Pleistocene and Padangtiji Member aged Early Pliocene – Middle Pliocene. Lithology of Padangtiji Member consists of conglomerate, siltstone, carbonate sandstone, and limestone. The scope of this research includes a study of surface geological conditions and depositional environmental analysis of carbonate sediment. The method used in this study is direct data collection in the field and analyzing petrology and petrography in rock samples. Lithology of the research area consists of lava drop, andesit, lapili pyroclastic, tuff pyroclastic, conglomerate, fosilliferous limestone, and carbonate sandstone. Depositional environment in the research area formed at shallow marine (reef) on 0m-200m depth under sea level. Depositional facies zone in the research area is on the margin sands platform zone and organic buildups, while Reef facies zone contained in reef front zone.Keywords: Geological Mapping, Depositional Environment, Carbonate Rocks, Petrography, Montasik
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Song, Jian, Zhidong Bao, Xingmin Zhao, et al. "Sedimentology and geochemistry of Middle–Upper Permian in northwestern Turpan–Hami Basin, China: Implication for depositional environments and petroleum geology." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 36, no. 4 (2018): 910–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598718779100.
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Studies have found that the Permian is another important stratum for petroleum exploration except the Jurassic coal measures within Turpan–Hami Basin recently. However, the knowledge of the depositional environments and its petroleum geological significances during the Middle–Late Permian is still limited. Based on the analysis about the sedimentological features of the outcrop and the geochemical characteristics of mudstones from the Middle Permian Taerlang Formation and Upper Permian Quanzijie Formation in the Taoshuyuanzi profile, northwest Turpan–Hami Basin, this paper makes a detailed discussion on the Middle–Late Permian paleoenvironment and its petroleum geological significances. The Middle–Upper Permian delta–lacustrine depositional system was characterized by complex vertical lithofacies assemblages, which were primarily influenced by tectonism and frequent lake-level variations in this area. The Taerlang Formation showed a significant lake transgression trend, whereas the regressive trend of the Quanzijie Formation was relatively weaker. The provenance of Taerlang and Quanzijie Formations was derived from the rift shoulder (Bogda Mountain area now) to the north and might be composed of a mixture of andesite and felsic volcanic source rocks. The Lower Taerlang Formation was deposited in a relatively hot–dry climate, whereas the Upper Taerlang and Quanzijie Formations were deposited in a relatively humid climate. During the Middle–Late Permian, this area belonged to an overall semi-saline water depositional environment. The paleosalinity values showed stepwise decreases from the Lower Taerlang Formation to the Upper Quanzijie Formation, which was influenced by the changes of paleoclimate in this region. During the Middle–Late Permian, the study area was in an overall anoxic depositional environment. The paleoenvironment with humid climate, lower paleosalinity, anoxic condition, and semi-deep to deep water during the deposition of the Upper Taerlang Formation was suitable for the accumulation of mudstones with higher TOC values.
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Soronnadi-Ononiwu, G. C., A.O Omoboriowo, Y. Yikarebogha, and V.C Madu. "Paleoenviromental and Sequence Stratigraphic Studies of the D7.000 Sand, 'Eme' Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria." Greener Journal of Physical Sciences 3, no. 1 (2013): 6–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3441208.
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This research work focuses attention on the geological properties of a hydrocarbon bearing in ‘Eme’ field of the Niger Delta. The environment of deposition is examined and the type produced as a model of the sub-surface reservoir. To achieve this, an integrated analysis of cores from wells, as well as biostratigraphic data and wireline logs of the D7.000 sand were used for the study. The D7.000 sand of study comprises one major depositional sequence. It is made up of upper and lower stratigraphic para-sequence sets. The upper depositional setting is interpreted as transgressive sand deposits in an estuarine environment. However, the lower depositional setting is interpreted as progradational deposits. Hence, the depositional model interpreted for the reservoir sand is prograding marine shoreface followed by a transgressive estuarine setting. This shows that a period of regression was followed by a transgressive phase which led to the deposition of the estuarine complexes. From the petrophysical study carried out through use of composite logs, amalgamated sand is found to be more porous and more permeable than the tidal channel. Core analysis revealed the existence of ten lithofacies. These lithofacies are grouped into facies association in a vertical sequence with a genetic significance using primary structures and shape of wireline logs.
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Nedolivko, Natalja M., and Tatyana G. Perevertaylo. "Sedimentary features of terrigenous deposits (Late Aptian – Early Albian) in the northern Yamal." Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 336, no. 3 (2025): 170–82. https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2025/3/4976.
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Relevance. The need to clarify the geological structure of Lower Cretaceous productive sediments in the northern part of the Yamal Peninsula with the ongoing N-field development. The Lower Cretaceous terrigenous deposition is characterized by a heterogeneous geology and lithofacies variability which specify the geological features and extent of the productive strata. The conducted lithofacial studies determine the depositional environment and specific features of sedimentary sequence changes in time and space, reveal the change succession of different facies as well as extent both formation and seals within the geological sections and the field area. Aim. To reconstruct depositional environments and analyzing lithofacies variability of the Lower Cretaceous productive strata originated from the Late Aptian – Early Albian period (TP1 and KhM3 formations). Methods. Geological interpretation of geophysical log data, lithofacies and ichnofacial analysis. Results and conclusions. The core analysis and geophysical log data have revealed geological composition, structure-texture features, sediment composition, depositional environments. Facies were described; vertical and lateral facies variability were identified. It was stated that in the Late Aptian – Early Albian period the sedimentation was due to oscillatory seafloor movements in the northern part of the Yamal Peninsula. The section indicates the alternating transgressive and regressive sediment sequences. In the Late Aptian period, the terrigenous deposits of the Tanopchin Formation (TP1 stratum) were accumulated due to marine transgression within the foreshore, shoreface and transitional zones of the shallow-marine beach. In the Early Albian period, the sequence formation between TP1 and KhM3 productive strata, composed of silty-clayey and clayey sediments accumulated within the far beach zone and the shelf remote from the shore, was associated with the maximum seafloor subsidence. The KhM3 stratum was formed as the seashore regression increased within the far, transitional, shoreface and foreshore beach zones. Sandy material is genetically related to the ridge, central and slope parts and transgressive and regressive bar bottoms of the foreshore and shoreface, silty material is related to the transitional and far beach zones, clayey sediments are related to the deepened seabed areas of the far beach zone and the offshore shelf.
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Гильманова, Расима Хамбаловна, Алмаз Аксанович Махмутов, Тимур Рифович Вафин, Андрей Федорович Егоров, and Арслан Валерьевич Насыбуллин. "Lithological and facies analysis of producing terrigenous Devonian reservoirs of the Alekseevskoye field." Нефтяная провинция, no. 3(23) (September 30, 2020): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25689/np.2020.3.54-67.
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В данной статье приведены результаты анализа геолого-геофизического и сейсмического материалов Алексеевского месторождения по всем пробуренным скважинам терригенного девона. Уточнено геологическое строение и проведен фациальный анализ продуктивных пластов пашийского, муллинского и ардатовского горизонтов, что в дальнейшем позволит повысить эффективность проводимых ГТМ с учетом особенностей осадконакопления и формирования терригенных отложений в пределах месторождения. This paper presents results of analysis of geological, well log and seismic data obtained for terrigenous Devonian reservoirs of the Alekseevskoye field. The geological structure has been refined and facies analysis of the Pashian, Mullinskian and Ardatovskian horizons has been conducted to further improve the performance of production enhancement operations with account of depositional environment and peculiar characteristics of the deposition of terrigenous sediments within the field.
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Jovanic, Ivana, Aleksandra Sajnovic, Sanja Stojadinovic, Nikola Burazer, Bojan Glavas-Trbic, and Branimir Jovancicevic. "Tri- and tetracyclic terpanes as proxies for depositional environment reconstruction for weathered siliciclastics of Internal Dinarides." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2025): 26. https://doi.org/10.2298/jsc241227026j.
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This study examines the potential of using tri- and tetracyclic terpanes to determine the depositional environment of sediments lacking preserved fossils and whose biomarker distribution has been disrupted by biodegradation, weathering or other alteration processes. In the case of sediments from Jazovnik, Snagovo, Drina and Gucevo (Internal Dinarides), tricyclic terpanes have demonstrated easy applicability and strong predictive power for distinguishing depositional settings. This study analysed siliciclastic sediments exposed to prolonged chemical weathering, influencing the distribution of hydrocarbons, and resulting in highly abundant branched hydrocarbons and the presence of unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs). The abundances and interrelationships of tri- and tetracyclic terpanes (C20-C24TT, C26TT, C24TeT) showed valuable results. The triangular diagram incorporating C20 + C22%, C21%, and C23% has proven particularly effective in distinguishing between swamp, fluvial-deltaic, freshwater lacustrine, and marine-saltwater lacustrine depositional environments. Once again, this method clearly depicts different sedimentary environments, providing valuable insights into the geological history of the studied area.
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Patra, Indrajit, William Prasad, and A. Y. Rao. "Grain size variation in sand column along Chhatrapur coast, Ganjam district, Odisha – A clue to the depositional environment." Journal of The Indian Association of Sedimentologists 38, no. 2 (2021): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51710/jias.v38i2.147.
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The concentration of heavy mineral placer deposits along the coastal tracts are function of various favourable factors i.e. hinterland geological formations, prevalence of favourable climatic condition, their transportation through intricate drainage systems and various coastal processes, which operated during the geological past. Textural analysis of the available unconsolidated sediments from the present deposits is of vital importance to decode the prevailing depositional environment while grain size analysis is the major parameter used. Present study highlights the grain size analysis of the identified sand column from Chhatrapur Mineral Sand Deposit along the coastal tract of Odisha to infer the environment of deposition of heavy mineral bearing sand and their heavy mineral content variation. Standard procedure of sampling, data analysis and interpretation techniques were adopted. Result shows that, sands from frontal and rear dune are characterized by distinct bi-modal distribution, medium to fine, moderately to well sorted with good positive skewness, whereas, sand from Inter-dunal region shows dominant unimodal, medium to coarse grain, moderately poorly sorted nature and slightly positive skewness. The better heavy mineral concentration (10 to 25 % grade) in frontal and rear dunes is attributed to prevalence of aeolian dune deposition accompanied by good sorting. In contrast, the low concentration of heavy mineral (3 to 6 %) in inter dune region is due to occasional fluvial regime and poor sorting of sediments. Thus, grain size analysis can be an effective tool to decipher local prevailing depositional environment, which has a bearing on heavy mineral concentration as well.
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Dominici, Rocco, Alessandra Costanzo, Adriano Guido, et al. "Short-Term Climate Oscillations During the Messinian Salinity Crisis: New Insights from Gypsum Lithofacies of the Crati Basin (Lattarico, Calabria, Southern Italy)." Minerals 15, no. 5 (2025): 542. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15050542.
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This study presents the first detailed investigation of the petrography, mineralogy, and depositional environment of Messinian gypsum lithofacies outcropping on the western side of the Crati Basin (Calabria, Southern Italy), focusing on three sections: Castelluccio, Striscioli, and Piretto. The different localities preserve in situ gypsum accumulation (laminar gypsum and gypsiferous mudstone) and clastic gypsum deposits (nodular, gypsarenite and gypsrudite) formed during the second stage (5.60–5.55 Ma) of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC). Observation and analyses of macro-, meso- and nanoscale reveal a complex climatic variability and depositional history that reflect different environmental conditions, from shallow-water evaporitic environments to deep basin settings affected by slope failures. The data highlights the influence of tectonic activity on facies distribution within the basin. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of climatic and geological controls on gypsum deposition, offering a detailed interpretation of the Crati Basin’s evaporitic history and contributing to the broader understanding of Mediterranean Messinian evaporites.
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Ndukwe, O. S., G. J. Udom, and C. U. Ugwueze. "Lithofacies control on depositional environments in shallow offshore Niger Delta: implication on reservoir quality." Scientia Africana 21, no. 2 (2022): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i2.7.
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The KEN field lies within latitude 4⁰52ꞌ44ꞌꞌ N to 4⁰53'04'' N and 6⁰22'50'' E to 6⁰22'26'' E. The geological and geophysical data sets were used to describe reservoir depositional facies and their environment of deposition. A detailed and accurate environment of sediment delineation is a solid basis to enhance characterization and providing measures for improving hydrocarbon reservoirs. This study aims to presents an effective method for accurately defining depositional environment with different data sets. The data used comprises of biostratigraphy, well logs from three wells and 3D full angle stack seismic data. The biostratigraphic data help to ascertain the age of the formation delineated to be middle Miocene to late Miocene based on the marker shale. It also helps in picking the stratigraphic surfaces. Three depositional sequences were delineated and dated with maximum flooding surfaces of 15.0, 12.6 and 11.5 Ma, respectively. Log sequence analysis reveals the internal geometry and stacking pattern of the mapped sequences. The gamma ray signature varies from serrated cylindrical, funnel to the bell-shaped log motif. The seismic stratigraphy involved facies analysis and reflection termination patterns, which aided the mapping of depositional sequence. The internal geometry is composed of Highstand, transgressive, and lowstand systems tracts. The stacking patterns vary from progradational, aggradational and retrogradational. Based on the seismic facies analysis, the integrated results show that the field of study is of pelagic and debris flow origin deposited in shallow marine settings, which also conform with the other data sets used for this study. The depositional environment of the three delineated reservoirs (Reservoir A, B and C) vary from deltaic upper to lower shoreface channels sand. Reservoir C, which is laterally continuous across the three studied wells shows that the connectivity of reservoir C is loosely amalgamated. The integrated data used for this study indicate that the environment of deposition varies from inner neritic to outer neritic environment. The results of this research are essential for reservoir quality, exploration, appraisal and development phases.
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Gerardi, F., A. Smedile, C. Pirrotta, et al. "Geological record of tsunami inundations in Pantano Morghella (south-eastern Sicily) both from near and far-field sources." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 4 (2012): 1185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1185-2012.
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Abstract. Analysis of tsunami deposits from the Pantano Morghella area provided geological evidence for two inundations occurred along the south-eastern Ionian coast of Sicily. Pantano Morghella is a large pond characterised by a fine-grained sedimentation indicating a low-energy depositional environment. Two anomalous yellow sandy layers found at different depths indicate the occurrence of high-energy marine inundations. We studied sedimentological and paleontological features of the anomalous deposits as well as their spatial distribution observing the following properties: different facies with respect to the local stratigraphic sequence; erosive bases, rip-up clasts and broken elements testifying violent deposition mechanisms; macro and micro fauna of marine environment; relatively constant thickness throughout most of the depositional zone with thinning at the distal end; large sand sheets that extend inland. These observations, jointly with their infrequency in the sedimentary record and the age indicating a fast deposition, provided strong evidence for tsunami inundations. Correlations between anomalous layers and historical tsunamis are supported by radiocarbon and OSL dating results. The younger deposit is likely due to the 1908 near-source tsunami, whereas the flooding of the oldest event is most likely associated with a far and large source, the Crete 365 AD earthquake.
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Asubiojo, T. M. "Facies Architecture Analysis for Paleo-environment Evaluation in “Tom” Oil Field, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 2 (2020): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i2.4.
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The cored section of reservoir C, well 4 of the drilled five wells that penetrated three reservoirs A, B and C in “TOM” oil field, Eastern Niger Delta was analysed and described on the basis of lithofacies, sedimentary structures and trace fossil records by using core data and wireline log motifs, with the aim of carrying out thorough geological core analysis to interpret the depositional environment of the oil field. The lithofacies are sandstones with interbedded mudstones and siltstones, the dominant sedimentary structures are parallel to ripple cross laminations, hummocky and swaley cross stratifications, sandy hetherolitics, planar to low angle cross bedding with traces of Teichichnus and Ophiomorpha burrows. The gamma-ray log motifs were noted and used to further constrain the character of the sedimentary facies and depositional environment of the field. A tidal incised – fluvial dominated shallow marine (lower, middle, upper shoreface) comprises of tidal channel sands and tidal flat of the coastal shelf depositional setting in the marginal marine mega depositional environment had been inferred for the “TOM” field.
 Keywords: Shoreface, Reservoir, Lithofacies, Structures
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Panuju, Panuju, and Mufdi Firdaus. "THE APPLICATION OF THE 't' TEST AND MARKOV CHAIN ANALYSIS IN BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF 'X' WELL." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 27, no. 3 (2022): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.27.3.1057.
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There is no habit in biostratigraphers to apply the statistic methods to solve problems in their jobs, whereas in fact these methods are very useful when conventional ways failed. The use of this method has become very important in reservoir scale where microfossil content is low and indicator species is rare or absent. Applying biozonation in reservoir scale is much less reliable since reservoir layers are mostly below zonal resolution, so that the application of high resolution biostratigraphy is needed. In this case, the integration of biometric study and 't' or 'f' test can be used to define bioevent precisely. In sequence stratigraphy, data of depositional environment in various system tracts that determined using microfossil assemblage are very important. However, for the reasons of barren or no samples, this information might not be obtained by biostratigraphy or other methods. Due to the geological cycle and repeatable nature of depositional sequence, Markov Chain analysis can be used to predict the lost information about environment of deposition.
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Rebés Lima, José Pedro, Iran Carlos Stalliviere Corrêa, Jair Weschenfelder, et al. "Geoelectric Subsurface Characterization in the Emerged Portion of the Barra Falsa Channel using the Ground Conductivity Meter (LIN-EM), Bojuru, RS, Brazil." Geofísica Internacional 64, no. 1 (2024): 1417–35. https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.2954436xe.2025.64.1.1747.
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Geophysical investigation in the coastal region of the emerged portion of Barra Falsa, Bojuru, RS, Brazil, provided valuable information about the depositional evolution and paleoenvironmental changes that occurred during the Quaternary period. The combination of electromagnetic surveys, analysis of stratigraphic wells, 3.5 kHz reflection seismic and previous geological data allowed for a comprehensive characterization of sedimentary environments associated with sea-level fluctuations. Electromagnetic surveys using the LIN- EM method with the Geonics EM34TM system revealed different conductivity responses in the subsurface, which could be interpreted in relation to depositional events. Five depth intervals were identified and related to specific events, such as the closure of the Barra Falsa channel, estuarine infilling, and channel drowning during marine transgressions. Furthermore, the comparison of the results of electromagnetic surveys with data from stratigraphic wells allowed calibration of indirect data. This multidisciplinary approach highlights the importance of integrating geophysical and geological techniques to reconstruct coastal environment evolution over time. This study provides a detailed insight into paleoenvironmental and depositional changes on the coast of Bojuru, demonstrating how these techniques can significantly contribute to future research and the sustainable management of coastal areas. The knowledge gained here is essential for understanding the dynamics of coastal zones and the influences of sea-level variations in the Southern region of Brazil.
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Бумагина, Варвара Андреевна, Максим Александрович Александров, Евгения Сергеевна Климова, Надежда Георгиевна Семенова, Артем Дмитриевич Мусихин, and Венера Гильмеахметовна Базаревская. "Geological structure and depositional environment of Bazhenov formation in East-Urengoi license block." Нефтяная провинция, no. 3(23) (September 30, 2020): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25689/np.2020.3.37-53.
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Большая часть исследований баженовского горизонта сконцентрирована в Центральной части Западной Сибири. В статье рассмотрено литологическое строение баженовского горизонта для северного района Западной Сибири, на Восточно-Уренгойском ЛУ. По результатам литолого-минералогических исследований и методов ГИС, разрез свиты впервые разбит на пять литологических пачек, дана их краткая характеристика. Выполнена корреляция пачек, что позволило проследить изменение толщин в пределах ЛУ Surveys of the Bazhenov formation have been concentrated, primarily, in the central part of West Siberia. The paper discusses the lithology of the Bazhenov Shale in the northern part of West Siberia, in the East-Urengoi license block. For the first time in the history of investigations, the geological section of the Bazhenov formation was divided into five lithological units based on the results of lithological and mineralogical studies and well logging surveys. Concise characteristic of all units is presented. Correlation of lithological units allowed tracing of thickness changes within the territory of the license block.
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Ineson, Jon R., and John S. Peel. "Geological and depositional setting of the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte (Early Cambrian), North Greenland." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 48, no. 8 (2011): 1259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e11-018.
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The Early Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte of North Greenland occurs in marine mudstones (Buen Formation) deposited in a slope environment along the eroded scarp of a pre-existing carbonate platform. The shallow-water platform is represented by dolostones of the Portfjeld Formation (Neoproterozoic – earliest Cambrian), which record a belt of tide-swept subtidal ooid shoals and microbial patch reefs at the outer edge of the platform. Solution features and meteoric cements attest to exposure of the platform, accompanied by fracturing, mass wastage and erosional retreat of the escarpment producing slope talus, and extensive debris sheets and olistoliths in basinal deposits. The marine mud-dominated siliciclastics of the Buen Formation, deposited in slope and shelf environments, record the transgression and onlap of the degraded platform in the Early Cambrian. The Sirius Passet Lagerstätte has yielded an arthropod-dominated fossil assemblage of over 40 species, many showing exceptional preservation of soft tissues; the finely laminated mudstones hosting this fauna accumulated from suspension in a poorly oxygenated slope sub-environment, such as an erosional embayment or abandoned slope gully. Although taphonomic features suggest that the fauna is mainly parautochthonous, some components (e.g., sponges, worms, the halkieriids and certain sightless arthropods) may be truly autochthonous. Comparison of the Sirius Passet locality with the renowned Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of western Canada reveals similarities in overall depositional and tectonic setting: both accumulated in deep water adjacent to the steep, eroded margins of carbonate platforms — settings that subsequently sheltered the faunas from tectonic and metamorphic obliteration.
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Manche, Cameron J., and Stephen E. Kaczmarek. "A global study of dolomite stoichiometry and cation ordering through the Phanerozoic." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 5 (2021): 520–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.204.
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ABSTRACT Various geochemical proxies are used to constrain the diagenetic origin and evolution of ancient dolomites. Dolomite stoichiometry (mole % MgCO3) and cation ordering, two mineralogical attributes that define dolomite, have also been shown to demonstrate utility in this regard. Observations from laboratory experiments and field studies suggest that these attributes broadly reflect the fluid chemistry and temperature of the dolomitizing environment. The degree to which these parameters reflect global conditions during dolomitization (e.g., seawater chemistry, eustasy, atmospheric pCO2) and long-term geological processes is poorly understood, however. Here, a large dataset consisting of mineralogical data from over 1,690 Phanerozoic dolomites from various geographic locations, stratigraphic ages, platform types, and depositional environments are queried to investigate the broader geological controls on dolomite stoichiometry and cation ordering in dolomites formed by early, near-surface dolomitization. A suite of statistical analyses performed on the global dataset indicate: 1) despite wide ranges at the eon, period, and epoch level, dolomite stoichiometry and cation ordering broadly increase with geologic age; 2) significant variations in dolomite stoichiometry and cation ordering throughout the Phanerozoic do not correlate with global parameters, such as seawater chemistry, eustasy, orogenic events, and ocean crust production; 3) dolomites associated with restricted depositional settings, such as restricted lagoons, and the intertidal and supratidal zones, are more stoichiometric than dolomites associated with open marine settings, such as the deep-subtidal and shallow-subtidal zones; and 4) dolomites from shallow ramps and epeiric carbonate platforms are generally more stoichiometric than dolomites from open shelves and isolated carbonate platforms. These observations permit a number of inferences to be drawn. First, the principal signal observed in the data is that local environmental conditions associated with platform type and depositional setting are the strongest control on dolomite mineralogy. The observation that more stoichiometric dolomites correlate with shallow and restricted depositional environments is consistent with laboratory experiments that show environmental factors, such as higher Mg:Ca, temperature, and salinity of the dolomitizing fluids yield more stoichiometric dolomite. Second, a weaker secondary signal is also observed such that dolomite stoichiometry and cation ordering both increase with geologic age, suggesting that progressive recrystallization driven by mineralogical stabilization during burial is also occurring. Collectively, these data suggest that spatial and temporal variations in stoichiometry and cation ordering reflect the interplay between local dolomitizing conditions near the surface and long-term mineralogical stabilization during burial.
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Imanda, W., B. Ramadhan, I. Aulia, R. A. Y. Harahap, and R. Aditiyo. "Lithofacies analysis, ichnofacies analysis and depositional environment of Jatiluhur Formation in Cipamingkis area." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 846, no. 1 (2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/846/1/012021.
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Abstract Depositional environment of Jatiluhur Formation is a very interesting research object to study, especially from the geological and biological aspects. This formation is very well exposed in several rivers in Bogor, especially in the Cipamingkis River. Field studies were carried out by measuring section method and ichnofossil description along the section. Stratigraphy log data shows the overall upward coarsening with a length of 66 meters. There are 4 facies associations from stratigraphy log data and the description of ichnofossil, FA1 is interpreted as a classical turbidite deposition process seen from alternating pattern of thin carbonate sandstones with carbonate siltstone in relative depths in the bathyal to sublittoral zone seen from Scolicia, Thalassinoides, and Opiomorpha seen in this section., FA2 is interpreted as a turbidite deposition process in the upper-fan section seen from the lithology of thick carbonate claystone and carbonate sandstones in the form of inserts at a relative depth in the sublittoral zone seen by ichnofossil found in the form of Circulishnis, FA3 is interpreted as an upper fan or channel fill seen from the structure The slump in this section that occurs at a sublittoral depth is seen from its ichnofossils, namely Rhizocorallium and Thalassinoides, and FA4 is interpreted as shallow marine seen from the lithology dominated by carbonate sandstones with tires That is, the sedimentary structure occurs in the relative depths of the sub-littoral to littoral zone seen from its ichnofossils, namely Planolites and Taenidium. Depositional environment of the Jatiluhur Formation shows that depth at bottom of section is deeper than upper section and deposition process from turbidite to shallow marine.
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Imanda, W., B. Ramadhan, I. Aulia, R. A. Y. Harahap, and R. Aditiyo. "Lithofacies analysis, ichnofacies analysis and depositional environment of Jatiluhur Formation in Cipamingkis area." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 846, no. 1 (2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/846/1/012021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Depositional environment of Jatiluhur Formation is a very interesting research object to study, especially from the geological and biological aspects. This formation is very well exposed in several rivers in Bogor, especially in the Cipamingkis River. Field studies were carried out by measuring section method and ichnofossil description along the section. Stratigraphy log data shows the overall upward coarsening with a length of 66 meters. There are 4 facies associations from stratigraphy log data and the description of ichnofossil, FA1 is interpreted as a classical turbidite deposition process seen from alternating pattern of thin carbonate sandstones with carbonate siltstone in relative depths in the bathyal to sublittoral zone seen from Scolicia, Thalassinoides, and Opiomorpha seen in this section., FA2 is interpreted as a turbidite deposition process in the upper-fan section seen from the lithology of thick carbonate claystone and carbonate sandstones in the form of inserts at a relative depth in the sublittoral zone seen by ichnofossil found in the form of Circulishnis, FA3 is interpreted as an upper fan or channel fill seen from the structure The slump in this section that occurs at a sublittoral depth is seen from its ichnofossils, namely Rhizocorallium and Thalassinoides, and FA4 is interpreted as shallow marine seen from the lithology dominated by carbonate sandstones with tires That is, the sedimentary structure occurs in the relative depths of the sub-littoral to littoral zone seen from its ichnofossils, namely Planolites and Taenidium. Depositional environment of the Jatiluhur Formation shows that depth at bottom of section is deeper than upper section and deposition process from turbidite to shallow marine.
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Shillito, Anthony P., and Neil S. Davies. "The Tumblagooda Sandstone revisited: exceptionally abundant trace fossils and geological outcrop provide a window onto Palaeozoic littoral habitats before invertebrate terrestrialization." Geological Magazine 157, no. 12 (2020): 1939–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756820000199.
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AbstractThe establishment of permanent animal communities on land was a defining event in the history of evolution, and one for which the ichnofauna and facies of the Tumblagooda Sandstone of Western Australia have been considered an archetypal case study. However, terrestrialization can only be understood from the rock record with conclusive sedimentological evidence for non-marine deposition, and original fieldwork on the formation shows that a marine influence was pervasive throughout all trace fossil-bearing strata. Four distinct facies associations are described, deposited in fluvial, tidal and estuarine settings. Here we explain the controversies surrounding the age and depositional environment of the Tumblagooda Sandstone, many of which have arisen due to the challenges in distinguishing marine from non-marine depositional settings in lower Palaeozoic successions. We clarify the terminological inconsistency that has hindered such determination, and demonstrate how palaeoenvironmental explanations can be expanded out from unambiguously indicative sedimentary structures. The Tumblagooda Sandstone provides a unique insight into an early Palaeozoic ichnofauna that was strongly partitioned by patchy resource distribution in a littoral setting. The influence of outcrop style and quality is accounted for to contextualize this ichnofauna, revealing six distinct low-disparity groups of trace fossil associations, each related to a different sub-environment within the high-ichnodisparity broad depositional setting. The formation is compared with contemporaneous ichnofaunas to examine its continued significance to understanding the terrestrialization process. Despite not recording permanent non-marine communities, the Tumblagooda Sandstone provides a detailed picture of the realm left behind by the first invertebrate pioneers of terrestrialization.
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Mallinson, D., S. Locker, M. Hafen, et al. "A high-resolution geological and geophysical investigation of the Dry Tortugas carbonate depositional environment." Geo-Marine Letters 17, no. 4 (1997): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003670050033.
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Aji Satriyo, Nugroho, Eko Soebowo, and Imam Achmad Sadisun. "CORE LOG AND CONE PENETRATION TEST APPROACH FOR BEARING CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF QUATERNARY DEPOSIT AND ITS CORRELATION TO FACIES DISTRIBUTION IN SOUTHERN BALI." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 35, no. 4 (2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2020.4.1.
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Area development deals with optimal land use and the reduction of the risk of geological disasters. The coastal area of South Bali is prone to land settlement hazards. In order to mitigate the risk, it is important to understand the depositional environment of the area related to its bearing capacity and geological hazard risks. The aim of this research is to understand the subsurface depositional environment and quantifying its bearing capacity. Quantitative modeling was carried out to obtain the sediment-bearing capacity of the Pendungan area in Bali, Indonesia. The methods used in this research were the observation of borehole cores, the identification of the cone penetration test (CPTu) curves pattern, the sediment index property test, the soil strength laboratory, and bearing capacity analysis. Based on lithologic association, the CPTu curve pattern, and grain size analysis, there are three facies developing in the study area with different bearing capacity values. Generally, beach ridge sand has a higher bearing capacity (N-SPT value of 8 – 52) for shallow foundation than fluvial clay. Meanwhile, floodplain facies has the lowest bearing capacity (N-SPT value of 2 – 20).
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Gaifulina, E. F., N. V. Nadeznitskaya, S. L. Belousov, Yu S. Kapustina, A. N. Fishenko, and Yu V. Miheev. "Comprehensive analysis of geological and geophysical information for the facies depositional environment prediction of Ju2 strata of Tyumen suite." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 6 (January 15, 2021): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2020-6-25-39.
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Hydrocarbon reserves within the middle Jurassic deposits are predominantly classified as hard-to-recover. The legislation of the Russian Federation stimulates extraction of this type of reserves by providing tax incentives, which currently make field development more attractive for oil companies. A particular interest is the Ju2 deposits of Tyumen suite because they are considered as productive almost on all explored fields. However, at the moment, the majority of deposits within this formation remain undeveloped. The main reason for this is the failure in prediction of net pay (thickness) and as a consequence mistakes in geological models for drilling production wells. This article is dedicated to the problem of spatial depositional environments prediction of the Ju2 deposits of Tyumen suite. As part of the problem solving, the geological model of studied field has been improved by integrated use of geological and geophysical information on different scales involving cutting-edge technologies in seismic interpretation.
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Taftsoglou, Maria, Sotirios Valkaniotis, George Papathanassiou, Nikos Klimis, and Ioannis Dokas. "A Detailed Liquefaction Susceptibility Map of Nestos River Delta, Thrace, Greece Based on Surficial Geology and Geomorphology." Geosciences 12, no. 10 (2022): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12100361.
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The existence of high potential onshore and offshore active faults capable to trigger large earthquakes in the broader area of Thrace, Greece in correlation with the critical infrastructures constructed on the recent and Holocene sediments of Nestos river delta plain, was the motivation for this research. The goal of this study is twofold; compilation of a new geomorphological map of the study area and the assessment of the liquefaction susceptibility of the surficial geological units. Liquefaction susceptibility at regional scale is assessed by taking into account information dealing with the depositional environment and age of the surficial geological units. In our case, available geological mapping shows a deficient depiction of Pleistocene and Holocene deposits. Taking into consideration the heterogeneously behavior of active floodplains and deltas in terms of liquefaction, a detailed classification of geological units was mandatory. Using data provided by satellite and aerial imagery, and topographic maps, dated before the 1970’s when extensive modifications and land reclamation occurred in the area, we were able to trace fluvial and coastal geomorphological features like abandoned stream/meanders, estuaries, dunes, lagoons and ox-bow lakes. This geomorphological-oriented approach clearly classified the geological units according to their depositional environment and resulted in a more reliable liquefaction susceptibility map of 4 classes of susceptibility; Low, Moderate, High and Very High. The sediments classified as very high liquefaction susceptibility are related to fluvial landforms, the high to moderate liquefaction susceptibility ones in coastal and floodplain landforms, and low susceptibility in zones of marshes. The sediments classified in the highest group of liquefaction susceptibility cover 85,56 km2 of the study area (16,6%). Particular attention was drawn to critical infrastructure (Kavala International Airport “Alexander the Great”) constructed on the most prone to liquefaction areas.
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Yan, Zhiming, Jinlong Wang, and Xuetian Wang. "Sedimentary Environments and Coal Accumulation of the Middle Xishanyao Formation, Jurassic, in the Western Dananhu Coalfield, Turpan-Hami Basin." Geofluids 2021 (November 2, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6034055.
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The Dananhu coalfield, at the southern margin of Turpan-Hami Basin, Xinjiang, has good coal-forming geological conditions. Due to the low research level on the depositional environment and coal accumulation, the comprehensive coal mining is restricted. Based on drilling and sectioning outcrop data, the depositional characteristics, lithofacies, paleogeography, and coal accumulation of the coal-bearing formations in western Dananhu coalfield are analyzed. The middle member of the Xishanyao Formation is the major coal-bearing strata of the Dananhu coalfield, composed of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, and combustible organic rock, which can be further subdivided into 14 lithofacies according to substance composition, sediment texture, and structure. During the early Middle Jurassic coal-accumulating period, alluvial fan, fluvial plain, fluvial delta, and shallow lacustrine deposits were developed from northeast to southwest in the western Dananhu mining area. Coal accumulation was most developed in the center regions of the study area extending from northeast to southwest, which were primarily concentrated in margin fans, floodplains, interdeltaic bays, and lakeshore environments, especially the transitional zone between the fluvial plain and the delta plain in the west of No. 1 mining area. This coal accumulation was mainly controlled by synsedimentary tectonic subsidence and clastic sediments supply or sedimentary environment, where tectonic subsidence was the primary controlling factor and the source supply was the secondary controlling factor for coal accumulation, which provided theoretical support for the coal prediction and geological exploration in western Dananhu coalfield.
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Prasetyadi, Carolus, Achmad Subandrio, M. Gazali Rachman, Antu Ridha Falkhan Barizi, and Defa Alrais. "Depositional Environment of Nampol Formation and Its Implications as Potential Source Rocks in the Sumbermanjing Area, South Malang." RSF Conference Series: Engineering and Technology 1, no. 1 (2021): 78–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/cset.v1i1.374.
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The decline in oil and gas production inevitably forces explorationists to be more creative in finding new potential reserves. Nampol Formation is expected to have the potential to become hydrocarbon source rocks due to their organic matter content. However, the depositional environment of Nampol Formation has not been thoroughly researched. The focus of this research is to reveal the depositional environment of Nampol Formation that may lead to a suitable condition for the deposition of potential source rocks layers. Detailed geological mapping in several selected traverses and micropaleontological analysis was carried out to determine lithological characteristics and depositional environment of Nampol Formation. The microfacies approach was also used to determine the carbonate facies zone of this unit. Source rock samples taken from outcrops on the surface then were analysed to evaluate organic matter content, type of kerogen thermal maturity, and its potential to produce hydrocarbons. The Nampol clastic limestone unit in the study area is composed of clastic limestone with intercalation of black shale, claystone, siltstone, sandstone and calcareous claystone. The microfacies approach shows that the wackestone and mudstone belong to the SMF 15-M (Ooid wackestone) and SMF 23 (Non-fossiliferous mudstone) which can be interpreted belong to Facies Zone (FZ) 8 in the Flügel carbonate facies model (2004). This zone is located in the Restricted interior platform or platform environment with closed water circulation which is situated behind the barrier reef (back reef). Based on the results of geochemical analysis, source rock samples from Nampol Formation can be considered as a gas prone source rock, with type III kerogen, total organic content ranging from 3.48 – 26.18 wt%, po-sess the potential to produce
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Asaria Cifa, Aufariq, Yarra Sutadiwira, Rendy, et al. "Analysis of Depositional Environment and Geochemical Characteristics of Source Rocks in Mallawa Formation, South Sulawesi Province." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1451, no. 1 (2025): 012022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1451/1/012022.
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Abstract The research conducted on the outcrops of Shale and Coal in the Mallawa Formation in South Sulawesi aims to understand the geochemical characteristics of the source rocks and the geological features to determine their depositional environment. Source rocks, typically fine-grained sedimentary rocks, are where hydrocarbons accumulate. The objective of this study is to analyze the maturity and potential of the parent rocks in the Mallawa Formation, South Sulawesi. The methodology involves field sampling of rock specimens for laboratory analysis, including Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Rock Eval Pyrolysis, %Ro (% Reflectance), GC-MS (Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry), and fossil analysis. By employing these methods, the research aims to provide insights into the hydrocarbon potential and depositional environment of the source rocks within the Mallawa Formation in South Sulawesi. The findings of this study could serve as a basis for further exploration of natural resources in the region.
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Eilrich, Bernd, and Jürgen Grötsch. "The Lower Cretaceous carbonate slope-to-platform-margin succession near Khatt, United Arab Emirates: sedimentary facies and depositional geometries." GeoArabia 8, no. 2 (2003): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia0802275.
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ABSTRACT The Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous carbonate succession exposed near Khatt provides exceptional conditions for the investigation of sedimentary facies and depositional geometries in a carbonate slope-to-platform-margin setting. A coarsening-upward sequence in Lower Cretaceous limestones indicates decreasing depth of deposition and platform progradation. A pronounced shedding of sediments containing reefal fragments occurs in a slope environment with a well exposed basin-to-platform transect. The carbonate succession consists of mudstone, wackestone, grainstone, coarse rudstone with conglomerate/breccia interbeds, and framestone at the top. The depositional architecture is characterized by the abundance of massive sheet- or channel-like limestone bodies within thinly bedded and generally uniform strata. Quantitative analysis of many carbonate channel deposits and their geometries measured in outcrop led to the distinction of two major types. Type I channel deposits are thin (0.3 to 5 m) but massive, and are commonly irregularly shaped in cross-section. They are as much as 200 m wide. Type I channel deposits are characterized by a wide size range of skeletal and non-skeletal carbonate components. Type II channel deposits, by contrast, are more regularly bedded and have much larger thickness-to-width ratios, in general close to 1:10. Furthermore, they are composed of packstone to grainstone calciturbidite sediments. As with some sheet deposits, they can be correlated through most of the 5.5-km-long Khatt outcrop. Stratigraphically, however, their occurrence is very much restricted, indicating significant alternation of depositional styles as a consequence of changing carbonate platform production and changing sedimentary environments. The data presented here can serve as input for 3-D geological modeling of equivalent depositional environments in the subsurface. They can also be applied to object-based deterministic and stochastic facies modeling.
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Rahman, HA, MIKA Aminuddin, R. Puspita, and MP Novendra. "Determination of Depositional Environment and Coal Rank of Seam C Sawahlunto Formation, Ombilin Basin, West Sumatera, Indonesia." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2907, no. 1 (2024): 012017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2907/1/012017.
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Abstract The Sawahlunto Formation is a coal-rich geological formation in the Ombilin Basin, located in central Sumatera. It contains three main coal seams, designated as Seams A, B, and C, with Seam C known for its high-quality coal. The study involved analyzing coal samples from Seam C using petrographic and proximate analysis methods. Petrographic analysis assessed the macroscopic composition and vitrinite reflectance, which are essential for determining the depositional environment and coal rating. Proximate analysis provided additional data necessary for evaluating the coal’s quality. The coal was predominantly composed of vitrinite (79.2%-80.6%) and inertinite (19.2%-20.8%). Plots of the Tissue Preservation Index (TPI) and Gelification Index (GI) indicated a limno-telmatic depositional environment. Vitrinite reflectance ranged from 0.45%-0.51%, classifying the coal as sub-bituminous. The calorific values were 15,117.2 btu/lb and 14,815.94 btu/lb, categorizing the coal as highly volatile bituminous.
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Nainggolan, T. B., U. Nurhasanah, and I. Setiadi. "Depositional sequence interpretation using seismic and well data of offshore Central Sumatra Basin." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 944, no. 1 (2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/944/1/012002.
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Abstract Offshore Central Sumatra Basin is an integral part of Central Sumatra Basin known for producing hydrocarbon basins. The derivation of stratigraphic study of seismic and well data is intended to improve accuracy of geological interpretation. Sequence stratigraphy studies have a significant role in exploratory studies to determine which depositional sequence can be inferred as hydrocarbon reservoir and its correlation in petroleum system. This study aims to identify biogenic gas sequential interpretation using seismic and well data of offshore Central Sumatra Basin. The procedure to analyze sequence stratigraphy is to identify stratigraphy surface markers using GR log, then map these markers to the seismic section that has been tied with good data to determine the distribution of each stratigraphy sequence. This study area has five depositional sequences, which are predominantly formed in marine depositional environments. Potential source rock in this area is at DS-1 which has a lacustrine depositional environment with euxinic conditions. The euxinic shale at the upper TST-1 deposit could be a source rock with hydrocarbon migration through faults. Biogenic gas reservoir potential is in Petani Formation (DS-5). Shale in MFS-5 and HST-5 could be a hydrocarbon trap, whereas LST-5 and TST-5 sandstone deposits can be a reservoir.
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Jiao, Peng, Rong Xiao, Shimin Tan, et al. "Evaluating Depositional Environment and Organic Matter Accumulation of Datangpo Formation in Central Hunan Province, South China." Minerals 15, no. 4 (2025): 366. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15040366.
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The interglacial period of the Cryogenian glaciation is a pivotal interval in geological history, marked by two “Snowball Earth” events and the emergence of early animals. Currently, there is considerable debate regarding the paleo-oceanic environment and the dominant factors controlling organic matter enrichment. Here, based on inorganic geochemical data and mineral composition from the Datangpo Formation in Xiangtan (South China), combined with previous research, we have analyzed the paleo-climate, redox condition, seawater restriction, and primary productivity across different sedimentary facies during this critical interval. The results exhibit that the Datangpo Formation can be divided into three members (Da1–Da3) based on lithology. Paleoclimatic proxies suggest the environment was relatively cold during the deposition of the Da-1 Member, while it was relatively warm and humid during the deposition of the Da 2–3 members. Compared to shallow water areas, deep-water areas experienced a more rapid transition in paleotemperature following the Sturtian glaciation event. Combining Mo-U elements, CeN/Ce*N, and Corg/P ratios, the environment was characterized by an oxic environment during the early deposition period of the Datangpo Formation, then gradually transitioned to suboxic, and finally anoxic conditions. Furthermore, the decompression of terrestrial magma chambers led to intense volcanic/hydrothermal activity during the deglaciation period. Hydrothermal activity was most intense during the Da-1 depositional period, followed by Da-2, and gradually declined during Da-3 depositional period. Hydrothermal activity not only provided essential materials for the formation of Mn carbonate ores but also significantly enhanced the primary productivity by introducing large amounts of nutrients in the paleo-ocean. The primary productivity indicators (Ni/Al, Cu/Al) exhibited an obvious coupling with CeN/Ce*N and Corg/P ratios in the Datangpo Formation, indicating that oxygen-rich environments were favorable for biological proliferation, thereby providing abundant organic matter. Anoxic conditions further facilitated the preservation of organic matter, which may be the primary factor driving organic matter enrichment in the Datangpo Formation.
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Endharto, MAC. "THE SHOREFACE - FAIRWEATHER WAVE BASE ENVIRONMENT OF THE MIDMIOCENE SANDSTONE IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE MADURA ISLAND." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 29, no. 1 (2022): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.29.1.1021.
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As mentioned in the previous paper (Endharto, 2005) this paper is part of the series of the depositional model of the Ngrayong Sandstone, which takes part especially in the central part of the Madura Island. This study also examines physical evidence of the best exposure of the study area. The central part is located between 07 01' 18" S - 113 32' 56" E and 07 04' 55" S- 113 36' 54" E, covering the area of Tanjung - Pasean to the north and Mentok - Kertengeneh - Sentol to the south. (Figure 1). The Geological work was carried out during June - July 2005, where the particular attention was concentrated within the central region of the island. There are 3 major key outcrop areas were studied and assigned for the depositional setting of this area (i.e., Tanjung toward Pasean River, Mentok - Kertengeneh Oil Field and Sentol Daya sections). This worked has attempted to sort it out both vertical and horizontal sections with applying the stratigraphic measuring sections (outcrop/surface logs), horizontal distance using passing compass, supported by petrography and paleontology analysis, and trying to look at the internal sedimentological structures to get into broadly image of the depositional system within this area.
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Çelik, Yakup, and Ezher Tagliasacchi. "Gürlevik Tufa Waterfall: Facies Characteristics, Depositional Systems and Geoheritage Potential (Erzincan, East Anatolia)." Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni / Geological Bulletin of Turkey 68, no. 2 (2025): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1646179.
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Gürlevik tufa, located in the southeast of the Erzincan (East Anatolia) pull-apart basin, represents a typical cascade/waterfall deposit developed in a fluvial environment. Calcareous tufa formed at three different levels. However, the facies properties and depositional system of the Gürlevik tufa formation remain unknown. This study aims to investigate the evolution of the tufa deposits and to clarify their facies changes in this tectonically active basin. For this purpose, seven measured sedimentary logs were obtained from field studies, and the lithofacies were described and interpreted based on their morphological properties, microscopic and biological contents. According to facies analysis, six lithofacies were identified and two depositional systems (perched springline/cascade and barrage-dammed) were determined. The monumental cascade/waterfall tufa accumulation is a consequence active tectonic and climatic factors in the region. Gürlevik tufa deposits are located in a protected natural site. This preliminary study draws attention to the geological importance of these sedimentary rocks, which record climate changes with high precision, as well as their geological heritage potential, that should be preserved and transferred to future generations.
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Cai, Jiang Dong, Ding Ceng Yu, Ya Dong Chen, and Qing You. "Study on Depositional Environment of Soil Based on Multi-Fractal Theory." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3530.
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Fluvial action is the most universal erosion process in geological history. Rivers in the surface of the Earth had molded different kinds of geomorphic features and varied landforms; also they had great effect on the human beings. Evaluating the fluvial landforms correctly and objectively will help people to exploit the living space adequately and utilize natural environment reasonably. Moreover studying on the spatial distribution of the rivers in a local area will help people to understand the situation of the river at present and forecast the development of the river in the future. Fractal and multi- fractal theory is a new and developing subject in modern science; it is widely used in many fields of earth science. Static Cone Penetrate Test is an exploration technology which can obtain the physical indices of soil. A study had found that specific penetration resistances varied with the buried depth of the strata and the curves of test values have characteristics of fractal. In this paper, with the assistance of fractal and multi-fractal theory, we analyzed the simple dimension and multi-fractal properties of these curves. Results suggested that simple dimension as well as the multi-fractal spectrum can tell the difference between the soils deposited in distinct sedimentary environments.
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Agbasi, Okechukwu Ebuka, Nwokoma Uzoma Esomchi, Azunna Enyinnaya Daniel, and Ugwu Joshua Udoka. "Exploring Reservoir Potential of the "X Field" Offshore, Niger Delta Basin: An Emphasis on Lithofacies, Depositional Environments, and Petrophysical Characteristics." Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) 13, no. 1 (2023): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v13n1.p38-50.
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The geological circumstances under which sediments are built throughout time are referred to as depositional environments. The features of the sediment, such as its texture, composition, and permeability, are influenced by these depositional environments, and these qualities ultimately define the reservoir quality. This study focuses on identifying reservoirs in the western offshore region of Nigeria's Niger Delta Basin and evaluating their properties, such as lithofacies, distribution, and petrophysical characteristics like porosity and permeability, using well log analysis. By utilizing relevant and easily accessible well log data, the depositional environment and quality of the reservoir were evaluated. The data analysis involved examining gamma-ray log patterns, spontaneous potential, deep resistivity, neutron, and density. The thickness of the reservoirs varies between 15 and 440 meters, with thicker reservoirs likely being composite structures formed from layered channels. Sands deposited in high-energy settings have higher levels of porosity and permeability. Sands C and D are the most porous and permeable sand units in the field, while the remaining sands have medium permeability. Hydrocarbons are present in sands B, C, D, and E in varying fluid types and column diameters. The reservoir sands C, D, and E have high hydrocarbon saturation and low water saturation, indicating that more oil than water will be produced. On the other hand, irreducible sand B suggests that more water than oil will be produced. Reservoir sands B, C, and D contain only water and oil. This information can aid in locating production platforms and optimizing hydrocarbon recovery, as well as improving reservoir performance estimates. The geological and petrophysical data collected in this study can also guide the analysis of other fields similar to the "X Field" in Nigeria's Niger Delta offshore region.
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Safruddim, A. M. Imran, Ulva Ria Irfan, and Meutia Farida. "The depositional environment of the Mallawa Formation in the Southern Arm of Sulawesi, Indonesia, Utilizing palynomorphs." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1517, no. 1 (2025): 012003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1517/1/012003.
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Abstract This research was conducted on the sandstone track in Tellumpanuae, Mallawa District, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, which is the type locality of the Mallawa Formation. The study aims to determine the depositional environment of the Mallawa Formation through palynomorph fossil analysis. The Mallawa Formation is believed to consist of Middle to Late Eocene sedimentary rocks deposited in a deltaic environment. Field methods, including vertical stratigraphic measurements (measuring section), were combined with laboratory analysis. The lithologies encountered include sandstone, claystone, siltstone, coal, carbonate sandstone, and limestone. Palynomorph analysis was conducted on four samples, with quantitative assessments using a polarizing microscope at 40x magnification. The samples were selected to ensure a representative distribution of palynomorphs. This study identified 22 Pollen, five spore taxa, and marine palynomorphs. These findings provide insights into the age and depositional environment of the Mallawa Formation and suggest a deltaic setting influenced by marine incursions. The results contribute to our understanding of the region’s geological history and highlight the importance of palynomorphs in reconstructing paleoenvironments.
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Misra, P. K., S. Kishore, A. K. Jauhri, and A. Chowdhury. "Palaeocene Rhodophycean Algae from the Ninniyur Formation of the Cauvery Basin, southern India." Journal of Palaeosciences 50, no. (1-3) (2001): 311–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2001.1831.
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The sediments of the Ninniyur Formation, Ariyalur are characterised by exceptionally rich assemblages of algae, of which the coralline algae constitute a major component. The present paper documents 32 species of coralline algae, distributed among eleven genera and five unnamed members of sub-family Melobesioideae, from the algal beds of this formation from Ninniyur and the neighbouring areas. An attempt is made to discuss the depositional environment, using actualistic interpretation of the ecological data on the recovered red algae and the associated fossils in conjunction with information on geological aspects gathered from the existing literature. Based on these, it is inferred that the deposits of the Ninniyur Formation were laid down in a transgressing sea within the neritic zone marked by deposition of biogenic accumulations.
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Fiket, Željka, Martina Furdek Turk, Maja Ivanić, and Goran Kniewald. "Non-traditional stable isotope signatures in geological matrices as a tool for interpreting environmental changes – a review." Geologia Croatica 74, no. 2 (2021): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4154/gc.2021.12.
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The development of new analytical techniques enabled the precise determination of the expanded set of stable isotopes and provided new insight into existing geological issues. This review outlines recent studies of non-traditional isotope signatures in geological matrices, summarizing in one place, new data for the stable isotopes of Ca, Mg, Sr, Li, Ni, Cr, and Cu and their application in the interpretation of environmental processes. Although some, such as δ44Ca and δ26Mg, have previously been used to track changes in seawater chemistry throughout geological history, recent studies report their application as geochemical proxies of post-depositional processes. Similarly, isotopic signatures of strontium, previously used in radioactive isotope chronology, and δ7Li, used in tracing plate subduction and crust/mantle material cycling, found a new application in studies of weathering patterns. The use of δ53Cr and δ 65Cu isotope signatures, on the other hand, reflects their fractionation under different redox conditions, whereas δ60Ni, due to its adsorption and co-precipitation with sulfide species and Fe-Mn phases, is used in interpreting the contributions of different material sources. And while the isotopic signatures of all these elements indicate certain environmental conditions and processes (e.g. post-depositional processes, redox conditions, organic matter input, the contribution of sources, etc.), by combining them a more comprehensive insight into the investigated environment can be achieved.
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Zheng, Jiayu, Zhigang Wen, and Chenjun Wu. "Sedimentary Microfacies Types and Patterns of Chang 6 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Dalugou Area of Jing’an Oilfield in Ordos Basin, China." Sustainability 15, no. 20 (2023): 14875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152014875.
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The sixth member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation (Chang 6 member) in the Dalugou area of the Jing’an Oilfield in the Ordos Basin is a typical ultra-low-permeability lithological reservoir. The Dalugou area has achieved some development progress in the past few years. With the development of the Chang 6 member in the Dalugou area, a better understanding of the sedimentary microfacies and depositional patterns is needed for precise oil development. The purpose of the study of the reservoir description is to understand the reservoir more accurately and provide a solid geological basis for the adjustment of the development strategy of the Chang 6 reservoir. The Chang 6 member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Dalugou area of the Jing’an Oilfield belongs to the subfacies of the delta front, and the reservoir in the study area is mainly the underwater distributary channel deposition. There are two main depositional patterns in the study area: the dendritic sandstone depositional pattern and the lobate sandstone depositional pattern. The study on the sedimentary types and patterns of the Chang 6 member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Dalugou Area of the Jing’an Oilfield can provide significant information for the evaluation of reservoir characterization. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of the Chang 6 reservoir under various depositional patterns has an important influence on oil enrichment.