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Journal articles on the topic 'Geological disturbances'
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1
Zberovskyi, V. V., P. S. Pashenko, A. V. Pazynich, and S. V. Stefanko. "INFLUENCE OF TECTONIC DISTURBANCES OF COAL LAYER ON HIS GAS DYNAMIC STATE." Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology 26, no. 1(38) (2021): 192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2021.1(38).234711.
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Problem Statement and Purpose. At one of the coal mines of the Donetsk basin, there was a sudden release of coal and gas. The peculiarity of this case is that the accident happened in the place of the alleged development of a geological disturbance, but without any visible signs of this. Inspection of the ejection site and adjacent horizons made it possible to conclude that the emergency site is located in the place of the plicative disturbance development. Thus, it is necessary to study in more detail the influence of disturbed zones hidden nature on the gas-dynamic state of the reservoir, as well as to develop and implement methods for determining such zones. Data & Methods. To achieve this goal, a new method was tested, based on the property of structureless substances to form crystal-like units. This phenomenon has been studied for decades; therefore, such new formations have long been given the name quasicrystals. It was noted that the increase in the concentration of such forms is associated with the presence of geological disturbances. Consequently, the increase in quasicrystals in the rock is an indicator of its disturbance due to the influence of tectonic pressure. Thus, in order to test the technique and reveal the hidden geological disturbance of the coal seam, coal samples were taken, microstructural features were studied, and the strength of the coal seam was measured at 56 points. Result. As a result the values of the concentration of quasicrystals, data on the strength of the formation were obtained, a schematic map of the development of the disturbance in this area was built, its contours were determined, the center of the disturbed zone was identified and the role of such disturbances in the outburst hazard of the formation was substantiated. It has been established that geological disturbances, even of plicative nature, have a high degree of fracturing. Such pores and cracks in coal reduce the strength properties and are able to concentrate sufficient volumes of gas for manifestation of GDP.
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Shao, Peng, Yu Qi Wu, D. B. Yang, G. X. Ren, and Z. Y. Fan. "Research on Dynamic Disturbances Induced Catastrophic Failure of Deep Rock Mass Based on Synergetics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1645.
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Catastrophic failure of rock mass is a kind of serious geological hazard which usually happens during deep mining excavation and underground engineering construction. Though many investigations have confirmed that it was strongly relate to dynamic disturbances, the disturbing mechanism is still not well-known. The purpose of this paper is to offer a theoretical method to analyze dynamic disturbances induced catastrophic failure. On the basis of synergetic analysis, we established a generalized Langevin equation to describe the nonlinear evolution process of rock mass by considering stochastic dynamic disturbances. Then we further derived a stochastic potential function to research the inductive effect of dynamic disturbances and critical property of catastrophic failure. Results indicate that the influence of dynamic disturbances on the stability of rock mass depends on both the static state of rock mass and the external disturbance intensity. The catastrophic failure threshold is the function of disturbance intensity and control parameters of rock mass.
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Antonovskaya, G. N., Ya V. Konechnaya, and I. M. Basakina. "Influence of Mid-Oceanic Ridges on Seismicity of Novaya Zemlya Archipelago." Геотектоника, no. 6 (November 1, 2023): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016853x23060036.
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The influence of the mid-oceanic ridges (MOR), including the Gakkel Ridge and the geological system Knipovich Ridge–Trough Lena, on the seismicity of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago area for 1980‒2022 is considered. For each geological element under consideration, we compiled seismic catalogs with a single unified magnitude mbISC for an equivalent comparison of information, and the annual seismic energy was calculated, and graphs of its distribution by year were constructed. We performed analytical modeling based on the Elsasser model describing the process of local stress transfer in a rigid elastic lithosphere underlain by a viscous asthenosphere, and made quantitative calculations of the disturbance propagations from MOR. The time intervals through which disturbances from MOR reach the Novaya Zemlya archipelago are 1‒2 years for the geological system Knipovich Ridge–Trough Lena and 3‒5 years for the Gakkel Ridge. The maximum joint contribution to the level of seismic activity of various geological and tectonic structures of the MOR can reach 40‒60% of the applied disturbances values, which is a sufficient condition for the influence on seismicity of the Novaya Zemlya orogen. The most geodynamical active structures and zones of concentration of tectonic stresses are identified.
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Guglielmi, Anatol, Boris Klain, and Nadezhda Kurazhkovskaya. "EARTHQUAKES AND GEOMAGNETIC DISTURBANCES." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 6, no. 4 (2020): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-64202012.
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The article addresses the problem of the connection of earthquakes with geomagnetic phenomena. We have carried out an experimental study using a method based, firstly, on the separation of periods of geomagnetic activity into extremely quiet and disturbed, and, secondly, on the description of seismic activity with an index called the global daily magnitude (GDM). By analyzing the NEIC earthquake catalog of the US Geological Survey over a 20-year period from 1980 to 1999, we have shown that the planetary activity of earthquakes under extremely quiet geomagnetic conditions is noticeably higher than under disturbed conditions. The detected tendency for seismic activity to increase in extremely quiet periods of geomagnetic activity has indirectly been confirmed by the analysis of 35 earthquakes with magnitude 8 and higher, which occurred on Earth from 1980 to 2019. We have found that in extremely quiet geomagnetic conditions, the probability of the occurrence of strong earthquakes is noticeably higher. The result qualitatively confirms the assumption of a change in the regime of seismic activity due to the influence of alternating magnetic fields on the ductility of rocks.
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Baranov, V. A., P. S. Pashchenko, and S. V. Stefanko. "Forecast of tectonic disturbances zones in coal layers." Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal 44, no. 5 (2023): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i5.272332.
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This paper considers the problem of identifying geological disturbances that are ubiqu-itous in rocks. The purpose of the work is to test the methodology for identifying tectonic faults and their geometric parameters in coal seams. The article presents the results of the analysis of the accumulated information concerning the study of the microstructure of coal — quasicrystals, which are a consequence of tectonic stresses. Their quantitative characteristics are used to predict dynamic and gas-dynamic phenomena in coal mines, disturbed zones and subzones. Employees of the IGTM NAS of Ukraine carried out studies of the structure of coal in the place of the recorded gas-dynamic phenomenon at one of the mines of Donbass; selected, prepared and studied coal samples using optical microscopy; presented the graphical results of the volumetric allocation of plicative disturbance in the outburst zone of the coal seam and the results of measurements of the strength of the coal; determined the relationship between the strength properties of the coal seam and its microstructural features; established the geometric parameters of the plicative disturbance and made a prediction of the development of the disturbance under these conditions. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the applied methodology, allow increasing the safety of mining operations in coal mines, by predicting the development of geological disturbances invisible to the naked eye and preventing gas-dynamic phenomena. The results obtained are further evidence of the confinement of dynamic, gas-dynamic and thermal phenomena to disturbed zones and the existing relevance of their identification by modern methods.
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Kassymkanova, Khaini Kamal, Sara Istekova, Kanay Rysbekov, et al. "Improving a geophysical method to determine the boundaries of ore-bearing rocks considering certain tectonic disturbances." Mining of Mineral Deposits 17, no. 1 (2023): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining17.01.017.
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Purpose is to improve a geophysical method of determining the boundaries of ore-bearing rocks and tectonic disturbances under complex mining and geological conditions while developing 3D geological models. Methods. 3D geological models of natural objects were developed on the basis of complex structural, geological-geophysical, and lithological facies analysis with the wide use of modern 3D seismic exploration technologies taking into consideration the parameters for prediction and selection of optimal factors for ore deposit development. Findings. The scientifically substantiated result is represented by the increased reliability and efficiency of seismic exploration for singling out the ore horizons and ore bodies as well as tectonic disturbances at different depths by specifying geological structures of the prospective areas and sites under study. Originality. Basing on the carried out studies, methods of the development of 3D geological models to study depth geological inhomogeneities of the ore-bearing complexes under complex mining and geological conditions were improved. Practical implications. The obtained results of 3D modelling of geological media basing on the applied 3D seismic exploration will help increase a confidence factor of scientifically substantiated prediction of ore deposits, provide optimal development of complex ore objects, reduce risks, and increase economic efficiency of solid deposit development under complex mining and geological conditions.
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Chipanta, Nicholas, Foster Lubilo, Penjani Nyimbili, Alick Mwanza, Robert M’sendo, and Turan Erden. "Application of GOCE Satellite Gravimetric Data For Mineral Exploration." Zambia ICT Journal 7, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33260/zictjournal.v7i1.140.
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Gravity is directly proportional to density thereby making possible the use of measurable gravity in mapping the density variations in the earth’s interior. The use of density as a means of mineral exploration is cost-effective for wider area coverage. GOCE gravity data, collected by ESA’s GOCE satellite at 255km altitude and 10km intervals leading to the acquisition of multiple gravity points over the globe made possible the application of gravimetry in mineral exploration. Gravity disturbance data sourced from BGI- was corrected with WGM2012 corrections computed using EGM2008 geoid and ETOPO1 models, with reference gravity computed using the Somigliana formula. The gravity disturbances were mapped over Zambia using Surfer and Q-GIS, with over 600 control points of known mineral occurrences plotted together with other surface features like roads, rivers, railways, etc. By relating the control points to the varying gravity disturbances using the triple integral principle, a cautious analysis led to the geological classification of the gravity disturbances which essentially involved mapping predominant mineral occurrences across different parts of Zambia. During ground truthing, it was observed that the results within a particular area of interest on the classified map, and those obtained using four (4) different metal detectors as well as another remote sensing method tallied. The metal detectors used were the GR-100MINI, AKS, AKS plus 3D, and Garrett Ace 400, each with its own characteristics. From the map outputs, the results showed that GOCE data can be used for geological classification and delineation of terrain types. The delineation of terrain types on the classified map output matched that on existing geological maps and also offered the delineation of sub-terrain types.
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Iakovleva, Emiliia, Margarita Belova, and Amilcar Soares. "Specific Features of Mapping Large Discontinuous Faults by the Method of Electromagnetic Emission." Resources 9, no. 11 (2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9110135.
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In this paper, the authors consider the issue of processing the data of electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) recorded in mine workings and their interpretation. The Sami fault (Russia, the Murmansk region) was chosen as the object of the research. A number of experiments, including measuring the EMP level along the fault and the analysis of the results, were performed by the authors. The paper also presents a previously unconsidered method of transition from geological concepts to electro-technical ones, the aim of which is to identify the dependences of the amplitude of electromagnetic field anomalies on the parameters of active tectonic disturbances. The authors assumed the dependence of the amplitude of anomalies on the geological parameters of the rock mass and the thickness of the tectonic disturbance.
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Sadchikov, A., N. Zhelaeva, J. Tokusheva, and M. Ponomareva. "APPLICATION OF SEISMOTOMOGRAPHY METHODS FOR SOLVING VARIOUS PROBLEMS IN THE MINING AND GEOLOGICAL DIRECTION." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 1 (92) (2021): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.92.07.
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The Karaganda coal basin is characterized by a complex structure. The presence of geological inconsistencies such as tectonic disturbances, washouts, variable reservoir hypsometry, etc. makes it difficult to conduct underground mining operations. Currently, in the world practice, mine seismic exploration is widely used for the purpose of studying the geological structure and solving various mining problems. Safe and productive operation of treatment faces in underground coal mining requires a timely and reliable forecast of the mining and geological conditions of the structure and condition of the coal-bearing mass from the mine workings. The most accurate and reliable picture of the tectonic structure of the Carboniferous massif can be obtained using methods of mine seismic exploration to study the geological structure and conditions of the coal bed and host rocks. The main goal of implementing modern methods of mine seismic exploration was to conduct mathematical modeling to assess the possibility of identifying tectonic disturbances with an offset amplitude of the order of magnitude and higher than the reservoir capacity using various methods of underground seismic exploration - the seismic transmission method (STM) and the reflected wave method (RWM). For this purpose, physical models of sections of the Carboniferous massif were developed, including a geometric description of geological structures, the distribution of rock densities, velocities, wave propagation and their influence on compression, and the shift of the mountain range. One of the models corresponded to a section of the formation without geological disturbances, and the second one - to a section with tectonic disturbances with displacement amplitudes from 5 to 15 m. The results obtained can be used in the development of modern effective methods for predicting the state of the mountain range in complex mining and geological conditions of both the Karaganda coal basin and other coal basins with a complex geological structure. Initially, seismic surveys were performed using the method of reflected waves using the common depth point method. However, the problem of obtaining an objective image of the geological environment is still relevant, due to the peculiarities of elastic wave excitation in mine conditions (features of the generated wave field, patterns of its propagation, the direction of the source). The method of mine seismic survey based on channel and boundary waves registration was developed and applied. This method allows obtaining a detailed geological and geophysical model of the field site. Due to the processing of both types of waves, the resolution of the method is increased to obtain information about both the coal bed and the host rocks, and, in particular, the state of the roof of the formation. The method of measurements in mine conditions is presented, the results of testing the method of performing field work in mine conditions are shown, and seismic characteristics with high contrast and clear traceability of reflecting boundaries are obtained.
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Ruskikh, V., S. Poimanov, and I. Filippov. "Study of methods for predicting the stability of preparatory workings in the mines of Western Donbas." Collection of Research Papers of the National Mining University 77 (June 2024): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/crpnmu/77.038.
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Purpose. Analysis of the effectiveness and feasibility of existing methods for predicting preparatory workings. Research methodology. The research was conducted using an analytical method (analysis, explanation, synthesis, comparison) and statistical data processing method. Research results. The conducted research allowed determining that the coal-bearing sedimentary massif of the Western Donbas, as a result of complex tectonic movements, is characterized by developed and intensive tectonic disturbances of a ruptural and plicative nature. The appearance of plicative disturbances in the hanging wall of the coal seam, accompanied by an increase in their thickness, leads to the concentration of stresses in the areas of disturbances caused by approaching the mining face. Regional plicative disturbances cause the formation of zones of anomalous activity in the intact mining massif. In addition to gravitational forces affecting the geological structure, tectonic stresses directed along the bedding plane are added to this phenomenon. Tectonic stresses are oriented in the direction of the main curvatures of the natural surface of rock deposition and depend on their magnitude. Geological deviations of various types are key indicators of anomalies in the tectonic environment and zones of reduced strength in an intact mining massif. These anomalies can result from the complex interaction of geological processes, including tectonic activity, water flow activity, and other natural factors. These deviations become fundamental factors contributing to the occurrence of gas-dynamic phenomena and rockfalls during the preparatory mining stage. Scientific novelty. The regularity of the interaction of geomechanical parameters of elements of the "layered massif – excavation support" system has been established. Practical significance. Studying methods for predicting the stability of preparatory workings allows for the development of effective excavation support systems according to geological conditions and prevents possible accidents and rockfalls in mining working areas.
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Medvedev, Vladislav, Vassilyi Portnov, Nazym Askarova, Galiya Rakhimova, and Nagima Zhumadilova. "Engineering Geology of the Strength Characteristics of the Shuak Ore Field Rock Mass for Designing Mine Operation." Iraqi Geological Journal 58, no. 1A (2025): 155–75. https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.58.1a.11ms-2025-1-21.
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Developing the country's mineral resource base plays a key role in economic growth, especially through the exploitation of small deposits often located in complex geological conditions. For the successful implementation of mineral extraction projects in such conditions, it is necessary to consider not only geological features but also technical aspects, such as engineering-geological conditions. Investigating these features helps determine the optimal strategies for deposit development and ensures the safety and efficiency of mining operations. Engineering-geological studies, by analyzing the physical and mechanical properties, allow for a detailed understanding of rock masses and clarification of geological conditions to justify the most effective mining methods and the construction of mining facilities. One example of the interest mining companies have in developing promising areas located in complex geological settings is the Shuak Ore District discussed in this paper, which is associated with gold-copper-molybdenum mineralization and lies in a zone of tectonomagmatic activity. A comprehensive set of engineering-geological studies was conducted to assess the feasibility of constructing open-pit mines in the ore field areas. These studies included the examination of the physical and mechanical properties of drill core samples, the determination of the geological strength index, and the structural disturbance index of the rock mass. Based on these indicators, engineering-geological elements were identified, and rock strength passports for the rock mass were created, which are used to calculate the parameters of the open pits. General patterns of changes in rock fracturing of different compositions, degrees of oxidation, and weathering due to tectonic disturbances and intrusive contacts were established. These factors must be considered when organizing engineering-geological surveys, selecting mining directions, and planning operations in both host and ore-bearing rocks in each section of the ore district.
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Guglielmi, Anatol, Boris Klain, and Nadezhda Kurazhkovskaya. "EARTHQUAKES AND GEOMAGNETIC DISTURBANCES." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 6, no. 4 (2020): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/szf-64202012.
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The article addresses the problem of the connection of earthquakes with geomagnetic phenomena. We have carried out an experimental study using a method based, firstly, on the separation of periods of geomagnetic activity into extremely quiet and disturbed, and, secondly, on the description of seismic activity with an index called the global daily magnitude (GDM). By analyzing the NEIC earthquake catalog of the US Geological Survey over a 20-year period from 1980 to 1999, we have shown that the planetary activity of earthquakes under extremely quiet geomagnetic conditions is noticeably higher than under disturbed conditions. The detected tendency for seismic activity to increase in extremely quiet periods of geomagnetic activity has indirectly been confirmed by the analysis of 35 earthquakes with magnitude 8 and higher, which occurred on Earth from 1980 to 2019. We have found that in extremely quiet geomagnetic conditions, the probability of the occurrence of strong earthquakes is noticeably higher. The result qualitatively confirms the assumption of a change in the regime of seismic activity due to the influence of alternating magnetic fields on the ductility of rocks.
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Jovanovska, E., A. Cvetkoska, T. Hauffe, et al. "Differential resilience of ancient sister lakes Ohrid and Prespa to environmental disturbances during the Late Pleistocene." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 18 (2015): 16049–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-16049-2015.
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Abstract. Ancient lakes, like lakes Ohrid and Prespa on the Balkan Peninsula, have become model systems for studying the link between geological and biotic evolution. Recently the scientific deep drilling program "Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid" (SCOPSCO) has been launched to better understand the environmental, climatic and limnological evolution of the lake. It revealed that Lake Ohrid experienced a number of environmental disturbances during its ca. 2.0 million year long history. They comprise disturbances that lasted over longer periods of times ("press events") such as Heinrich events as well as sudden and short disturbances ("pulse events") like the deposition of volcanic ashes. The latter include one of the most severe volcanic episodes during the Late Pleistocene, the eruption of the Campanian Ignimbrite (known as Y-5 marine tephra layer) from the Campi Flegrei caldera, dated at 39.6 ± 0.1 ka ago. The event is recorded by the deposition of a ca. 15 cm thick Y-5 tephra layer in sediment cores of lakes Ohrid (DEEP-5045-1) and Prespa (Co1204). This pulse event is overlain by the Heinrich event 4 (H4), 40.0–38.0 ka ago. In the current paper, diatoms were used as proxies to compare the responses of these lakes to the Y-5 (pulse) and the H4 (press) disturbances. Based on stratigraphically constrained incremental sum of squares cluster (CONISS) and unconstrained Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) analyses, we found only little evidence that the diatom community compositions in either lake responded to the H4 event. However, the Y-5 influx caused clear and rapid diatom community changes. After the initial response, community composition in Lake Ohrid and, to a lesser extent, in Lake Prespa slowly returned to their quasi pre-disturbance state. Moreover, there is no evidence for disturbance-related extinction events. The combined evidence from these findings suggests that lakes Ohrid and Prespa likely did not experience regime shifts. It is therefore concluded that both lakes show resilience to environmental disturbance. However, it seems that Lake Ohrid is more resilient than Lake Prespa as the recovery of diatom communities is more pronounced and as its estimated recovery time is only ca. 1400 years vs. ca. 3600 years in Lake Prespa. The reasons for the differential responses remain largely unknown, but differences in geology, lake age, limnology, and intrinsic parameters of the diatom proxies may play a role. Given the relative robust results obtained, this study provides important new insights into the response of lakes to (multiple) environmental disturbances. Moreover, it contributes to one of the major goals of the SCOPSCO project – to evaluate the influence of major geological events onto the evolution of endemic taxa in Lake Ohrid.
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Bulgakov, A., A. Evsiukova, and E. Kolesnichenko. "Influence of Broken Condition and Instability of the Excavation Site Parameters on the Reliability of the Breakage Face." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 2 (2022): 022013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/2/022013.
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Abstract This article presents a method for determining the influence of disturbance and instability of the parameters of the excavation site on the reliability of the work of the treatment face. To determine the impact of disturbance and instability of the parameters of the excavation site on the reliability of the treatment face, a method was model for calculating the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of violations. The general assessment of the reliability of the operation of the technological scheme of treatment works in the dredging areas with changing mining and geological conditions is the sum of the partial estimates of its operation in the areas with stable and unstable operating conditions. The change in the readiness coefficient on the disturbed parts of the excavation site is determined, depending on the magnitude of the influence of geological disturbances on the rate of lava movement. The analysis of some results of the problem under study, obtained using the proposed methodology, is given. The dependence was established that the readiness coefficient decreases most intensively at large values of the ratio, and then the intensity of the decrease decreases towards smaller values
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Selyukov, Alexei, and Kirill Byrdin. "Passive Experiments for Monitoring Mining Operations by Dragline at Kuzbass Open Pits – Estimation of Coal Losses." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 01030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017401030.
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The natural conditions for the formation of coal deposits in different regions of the globe are the same, all of them belong to reservoir sedimentary deposits and differ only in the degree of metamorphism and tectonic disturbances. In this regard, coal deposits of the Kuznetsk basin (Kuzbass, Western Siberia, Russia)) that have no analogues in nature are unique. Here are all sorts of options for the occurrence of coal seams both in terms of their thickness, dip angle, number, and the degree of disturbance by plicative and disjunctive disturbances. The article presents some results of research on ways to reduce coal losses in open pit mining during its extraction by draglines. The study was carried out on the example of deposits in Kemerovo region with coal seams in an inclined and steep formations, which allows analyzing the possibilities of applying the proposed technological solutions in the widest range of specific mining and geological conditions.
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Miroshnikov, G. P., and L. V. Samojlenko. "GRAPHICS SOFTWARE FOR CROSSING OF GEOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES BY POWERED MINING COMPLEXES." Ugol', no. 07 (July 8, 2024): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18796/0041-5790-2024-7-48-51.
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Huang, Juehao, Yuwei Fang, Chao Wang, Zhihui Zhang, and Yinan Li. "Research on 3D Geological and Numerical Unified Model of in Mining Slope Based on Multi-Source Data." Water 16, no. 17 (2024): 2421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16172421.
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As mining engineering progresses into the deep excavation phase, the intensification of high pressure, high temperature, strong disturbances, and complex geological conditions becomes increasingly prominent. Researchers perform stability analysis on the excavation area to reduce potential safety hazards during the extraction process. Developing a detailed numerical calculation model that accurately reflects the true geological structure is essential for numerical simulation analysis in mining engineering. Based on the excellent 3D geological modeling capabilities of 3D Mine software, this paper introduces a new 3D geological and numerical unified modeling method (3DMine-Rhino-HyperMesh) involving multi-software coupling and details the specific steps and concepts of this modeling approach. Subsequently, using a certain open-pit mine in Panzhihua as a backdrop, a detailed geological and numerical unified model is established, reflecting the true geological structure of the mining area, and the potential failure mechanisms of the mine slope are analyzed. The results indicate that the modeling method aligns well with the actual geological conditions, enhancing the grid quality of the numerical model and offering a new modeling approach for simulating and analyzing large complex geological entities in mining operations.
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Maspupu, John, and Lukman Arifin. "APLIKASI KONSEP KRIGING PADA DATA SIMULASI GANGGUAN GEOMAGNET LOKAL." JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN 12, no. 3 (2016): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.12.3.2014.255.
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Makalah ini membahas aplikasi konsep Kriging pada data simulasi gangguan geomagnet lokal dari 3 (tiga) stasion geomagnet (SG). Konsep ini asal mulanya dari geostatistik dan sekarang digunakan secara luas dalam analisis spasial. Metode ini juga dikenal sebagai regresi proses Gauss, prediksi Kolmogorov-Wiener atau prediksi ketakbiasan linier terbaik. Tujuan penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk melakukan estimasi atau interpolasi gangguan geomagnet di sekitar tiga stasion geomagnet (lokasi observasi) tersebut. Untuk merealisasikan tujuan di atas ini mengunakan metode punctual kriging. Kontribusi hasil estimasi atau interpolasi gangguan geomagnet ini nantinya digunakan sebagai dasar pembuatan peta atau kontur gangguan geomagnet di sekitar ketiga lokasi observasi tersebut. Dengan demikian informasi gangguan geomagnet akan berguna dalam survei geologi di sekitar lokasi pengamatan.
 
 Kata kunci : Konsep kriging, data simulasi, gangguan geomagnet lokal
 
 
 This paper discuss about the application of Kriging concept on simulation data of local geomagnetic disturbance at three geomagnet stations (SG). This concept was derived from geostatistic and now it is widely used in spatial analysis. This method is also well known as Gaussian process regression, Kolmogorov-Wiener prediction or Best Linear Unbiased Prediction. The aim of this paper is to estimate or interpolate the geomagnetic disturbances at three observation locations. In order to realize the above purpose, it uses punctual kriging method. The contribution of estimation result of this geomagnetic disturbances will be used as a basic for contour mapping of geomagnetic disturbance around these three observation locations. Hence, the information of these geomagnetic disturbances will be useful for geological survey around observation locations.
 
 Keywords: Kriging concept, simulation data, local geomagnetic disturbance
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Kozyreva, Olga, Vyacheslav Pilipenko, Mikhail Dobrovolskiy, Aleksandr Zaitsev, and Elena Marshalko. "Database of geomagnetic observations in Russian Arctic and its application for estimates of the space weather impact on technological systems." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 8, no. 1 (2022): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-81202205.
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An archive of digital 1-min data from Soviet/Russian Arctic magnetic stations has been created, starting from 1983 to the present. The archive includes data from stations deployed along the Arctic coast by various USSR/Russia institutes. All data are divided into daily files, converted into a standard IAGA2002 format, and provided with graphs for quick-look browsing. Some of the data are not included in the existing world data portals (SuperMAG, INTERMAGNET). We give examples of using the database for the Arctic: study of irregular disturbances and waves of the Pc5/Pi3 range exciting intense geomagnetically induced currents; distortion of the pipe-to-soil potential during magnetic storms; ground support for radar observations of the ionosphere. To assess the regions most susceptible to geomagnetic hazard, we calculated a map with normalized telluric fields for a uniform magnetic disturbance with a unit amplitude and periods 100–1000 s. This map shows that the geological structure significantly affects the magnitude of the geoelectric fields generated by magnetic disturbances. The database is made publicly available on the anonymous FTP site [ftp://door.gcras.ru/ftp_anonymous/ARCTICA_Rus].
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Kozyreva, Olga, Vyacheslav Pilipenko, Mikhail Dobrovolskiy, Aleksandr Zaitsev, and Elena Marshalko. "Database of geomagnetic observations in Russian Arctic and its application for estimates of the space weather impact on technological systems." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 8, no. 1 (2022): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/szf-81202205.
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An archive of digital 1-min data from Soviet/Russian Arctic magnetic stations has been created, starting from 1983 to the present. The archive includes data from stations deployed along the Arctic coast by various USSR/Russia institutes. All data are divided into daily files, converted into a standard IAGA2002 format, and provided with graphs for quick-look browsing. Some of the data are not included in the existing world data portals (SuperMAG, INTERMAGNET). We give examples of using the database for the Arctic: study of irregular disturbances and waves of the Pc5/Pi3 range exciting intense geomagnetically induced currents; distortion of the pipe-to-soil potential during magnetic storms; ground support for radar observations of the ionosphere. To assess the regions most susceptible to geomagnetic hazard, we calculated a map with normalized telluric fields for a uniform magnetic disturbance with a unit amplitude and periods 100–1000 s. This map shows that the geological structure significantly affects the magnitude of the geoelectric fields generated by magnetic disturbances. The database is made publicly available on the anonymous FTP site [ftp://door.gcras.ru/ftp_anonymous/ARCTICA_Rus].
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Kumar, Sanath Sathyachandran, Brian Tolk, Ray Dittmeier, et al. "The Spatially Adaptable Filter for Error Reduction (SAFER) Process: Remote Sensing-Based LANDFIRE Disturbance Mapping Updates." Fire 7, no. 2 (2024): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire7020051.
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LANDFIRE (LF) has been producing periodic spatially explicit vegetation change maps (i.e., LF disturbance products) across the entire United States since 1999 at a 30 m spatial resolution. These disturbance products include data products produced by various fire programs, field-mapped vegetation and fuel treatment activity (i.e., events) submissions from various agencies, and disturbances detected by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS)-based Remote Sensing of Landscape Change (RSLC) process. The RSLC process applies a bi-temporal change detection algorithm to Landsat satellite-based seasonal composites to generate the interim disturbances that are subsequently reviewed by analysts to reduce omission and commission errors before ingestion them into LF’s disturbance products. The latency of the disturbance product is contingent on timely data availability and analyst review. This work describes the development and integration of the Spatially Adaptable Filter for Error Reduction (SAFER) process and other error and latency reduction improvements to the RSLC process. SAFER is a random forest-based supervised classifier and uses predictor variables that are derived from multiple years of pre- and post-disturbance Landsat band observations. Predictor variables include reflectance, indices, and spatial contextual information. Spatial contextual information that is unique to each contiguous disturbance region is parameterized as Z scores using differential observations of the disturbed regions with its undisturbed neighbors. The SAFER process was prototyped for inclusion in the RSLC process over five regions within the conterminous United States (CONUS) and regional model performance, evaluated using 2016 data. Results show that the inclusion of the SAFER process increased the accuracies of the interim disturbance detections and thus has potential to reduce the time needed for analyst review. LF does not track the time taken by each analyst for each tile, and hence, the relative effort saved was parameterized as the percentage of 30 m pixels that are correctly classified in the SAFER outputs to the total number of pixels that are incorrectly classified in the interim disturbance and are presented. The SAFER prototype outputs showed that the relative analyst’s effort saved could be over 95%. The regional model performance evaluation showed that SAFER’s performance depended on the nature of disturbances and availability of cloud-free images relative to the time of disturbances. The accuracy estimates for CONUS were inferred by comparing the 2017 SAFER outputs to the 2017 analyst-reviewed data. As expected, the SAFER outputs had higher accuracies compared to the interim disturbances, and CONUS-wide relative effort saved was over 92%. The regional variation in the accuracies and effort saved are discussed in relation to the vegetation and disturbance type in each region. SAFER is now operationally integrated into the RSLC process, and LANDFIRE is well poised for annual updates, contingent on the availability of data.
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M, Ismayilov. "Participation in the Cutting of Productive Layer Sediments of the Palchig Pilpilesi Structure to Build a 3D Geological Model of Separate Horizons and Layers to Increase the Efficiency of Field Development Analysis of Reservoir Indicators." Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal 7, no. 4 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ppej-16000370.
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The analysis of existing geological, geophysical researches and excavation works shows that, despite the fact that the Productive Layer (PG) sediments of the South Caspian Basin (SCB) have been the object of search and exploration for a long time, their hydrocarbon reserves have not been fully studied until now. Examination and summarization of geological-geophysical, drilling data, as well as the established 3D geological model show that the distribution of oil and gas deposits within local elevations is related to certain regularities. First of all, tectonic processes played a big role in the formation of these regularities. In the 3D geological modeling of the Palchig Pilpilesi deposit, the tectonic processes that took place in the sedimentation basin of the sedimentary complex, the development of uplifts, their complication with tectonic disturbances, and the effect of the change in the lithological composition and thickness of the horizons and layers that make up the productive layer section on the accumulation of hydrocarbon resources were considered.
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Portnov, Vassiliy, Adil Mindubayev, Andrey Golik, et al. "Risk Assessment of Sudden Coal and Gas Outbursts Based on 3D Modeling of Coal Seams and Integration of Gas-Dynamic and Tectonic Parameters." Fire 8, no. 6 (2025): 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8060234.
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Sudden coal and gas outbursts pose a significant hazard in deep-seated coal seam extraction, necessitating reliable risk assessment methods. Traditionally, assessments focus on gas-dynamic parameters, but experience shows they must be supplemented with tectonic factors such as fault-related disturbances, weak interlayers, and increased fracturing. Even minor faults in the Karaganda Basin can weaken the coal massif and trigger outbursts. The integration of 3D modeling enhances risk evaluation by incorporating both dynamic (gas-related) and static (tectonic) parameters. Based on exploratory drilling and geophysical studies, these models map coal seam geometry, fault positioning, and high-risk structural zones. In weakened coal areas, stress distribution changes can lead to avalanche-like gas releases, even under normal gas-dynamic conditions. An expert scoring system was used to convert geological and gas-dynamic data into a comprehensive risk index guiding preventive measures. An analysis of Karaganda Basin incidents (1959–2021) shows all outbursts occurred in geological disturbance zones, with 43% linked to fault proximity, 30% to minor tectonic shifts, and 21% to sudden coal seam changes. Advancing 3D modeling, geomechanical analysis, and microseismic monitoring will improve predictive accuracy, ensuring safer coal mining operations.
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Abdiev, A. A., L. S. Shamganova, A. R. Abdiev, A. B. Orokov, and A. Zh Ashymov. "Estimation of coal field reserves with grading by technical characteristics of coal." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 2 (April 30, 2025): 5–12. https://doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2025-2/005.
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Purpose. To improve the method of coal field reserve estimation with consideration of coal grading based on its technical characteristics. Methodology. The study employed modern approaches, including geophysical surveys and geochemical analysis and geological disturbances. Generalized linear regression and regression analysis methods were applied to account for the spatial heterogeneity of technical coal characteristics, such as moisture content, ash content, sulfur content, volatile matter, and calorific value. Findings. The analysis revealed significant variations in technical coal characteristics depending on seam depth. Ash content decreases with depth, while moisture content and volatile matter content exhibit substantial variability. Anomalies with elevated sulfur content were identified in deep seams, reaching maximum values at depths of 100‒140 m. The application of generalized linear regression enabled high-accuracy modeling of the spatial distribution of coal technical characteristics across the field. Originality. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the impact of geological disturbances on ash content, moisture content, and calorific value of coal was conducted in conditions of complex tectonic structure. An integrated approach to reserve estimation using modern statistical methods was proposed, improving the accuracy of estimates by 15 % compared to traditional methods. Practical value. The study’s results enable the optimization of coal resource forecasting processes. The proposed methods can be applied to mine planning under complex geological structure of deposits.
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Henson, Harvey, and John L. Sexton. "Premine study of shallow coal seams using high‐resolution seismic reflection methods." GEOPHYSICS 56, no. 9 (1991): 1494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443171.
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Geological investigations in the Illinois Basin coalfields have shown that significant differences in safe and economical exploitation of coal depends directly on accurate mapping of the roof rock overlying the seam, as well as on geological structures in the coal measures. In roof rock transition zones above the Herrin (No. 6) coal where the nonmarine Energy shale changes to the Anna shale, a change often occurs from low to high sulfur coal and from low to high stability roof rocks. In many instances, use of borehole data alone is inadequate to locate these features in advance of mining. High‐resolution seismic reflection data collected near Harco, Illinois were used as part of premine planning to help predict roof instability, areas of low sulfur coal, and geologic disturbances. Several faults, channels, and facies changes affecting the Herrin (No. 6) and the Springfield (No. 5) coal seams at depths of 137 m and 167 m, respectively, were interpreted and modeled. One‐ and two‐dimensional synthetic seismograms calculated from geological data from drill holes along the seismic line were used to aid in the interpretion of the seismic reflection data. Results obtained from the high‐resolution reflection survey combined with drill hole information clearly show that use of borehole data alone is inadequate to locate geological features that might affect coal mine operations, even if the boreholes were spaced 25 m apart. Thus, high‐resolution reflection surveying should be employed whenever feasible for the safe and economical exploitation of coal deposits.
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Rudko, G., and Ye Yakovlev. "Modern factories of regional engineering-geological conditions of Ukraine changes." Мінеральні ресурси України, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31996/mru.2020.1.15-26.
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The article analyzes modern regional changes in engineering and geological conditions of Ukraine due to the complex impact of technogenesis and global climate changes. This is primarily due to the predominance of loess and loamy loess rocks in the upper part of the geological section (up to 65 % of the state) in the formation of technogenic-geological systems “technogenic object-geological environment”. Regional regulation of surface runoff (a cascade of reservoirs of the Dnieper River, up to 38000 pounds, network of channels) significantly disrupted the water-energy exchange of rocks within the upper zone of the geological environment, intensified regional changes of geomechanical parameters (compressive strength, adhesion, angle of a slope) to the factors of global climate change (increasing magnitude and uneven rainfall, warming etc.).
 The authors evaluated the new processes of changes in engineering-geological parameters of loesses and loamy loess’ rocks due to the disturbances of their mass-energy (water-heat) transfer, the influence of seismic stresses, complex transformations of the geological environment of industrial-urban agglomerations. The performed analysis showed that changes in engineering-geological conditions are most actively developingwithin the sites of industrial-urban agglomerations, which is caused by the complex action of water and heat losses from engineering networks, changes in relief, geodynamic impacts of transport and construction works. Maximum changes of engineering-geological conditions within towns and settlements are observed in the developed (“old”) mining areas during the flooding of mines, subsidence of surface.
 It is shown that a new model of the State Engineering-Geological Map of Ukraine is needed, scientific substantiation of the maximum permissible changes of the engineering-geological parameters of the geological environment for different technogenic-geological systems “technogenic object-geological environment”.
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Hutchinson, J. N. "Theme lecture: Periglacial and slope processes." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 7, no. 1 (1991): 283–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1991.007.01.27.
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AbstractFollowing a palaeoclimatic outline of the Late Quaternary, the paper reviews the periglacial and slope processes which have most effect on engineering works, particulary with regard to relic forms of such features in Britain. The first topics covered are; frost heave and thaw consolidation, thermokarst and periglacial mass movements, with particular attention to periglacial solifluction and slope development. Ground water discharge features, comprising pingos, anomalous depressions in the London Basin and perforated clay feather edges, are then discussed, as are superficial valley disturbances in various geological settings. The paper concludes by exploring theoretical and geological approaches to the determination of the former depths of permafrost in Britain.
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Chen, Bo. "Stress-induced trend: the clustering feature of coal mine disasters and earthquakes in China." International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 7, no. 4 (2020): 676–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-020-00334-z.
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AbstractNearly half of coal mine disasters in China have been found to occur in clusters or to be accompanied by earthquakes nearby, in which all the disaster types are involved. Stress disturbances seem to exist among mining areas and to be responsible for the observed clustering. The earthquakes accompanied by coal mine disasters may be the vital geophysical evidence for tectonic stress disturbances around mining areas. This paper analyzes all the possible causative factors to demonstrate the authenticity and reliability of the observed phenomena. A quantitative study was performed on the degree of clustering, and space–time distribution curves are obtained. Under the threshold of 100 km, 47% of disasters are involved in cluster series and 372 coal mine disasters accompanied by earthquakes. The majority cluster series lasting for 1–2 days correspond well earthquakes nearby, which are speculated to be related to local stress disturbance. While the minority lasting longer than 4 days correspond well with fatal earthquakes, which are speculated to be related to regional stress disturbance. The cluster series possess multiple properties, such as the area, the distance, the related disasters, etc., and compared with the energy and the magnitude of earthquakes, good correspondences are acquired. It indicates that the cluster series of coal mine disasters and earthquakes are linked with fatal earthquakes and may serve as footprints of regional stress disturbance. Speculations relating to the geological model are made, and five disaster-causing models are examined. To earthquake research and disaster prevention, widely scientific significance is suggested.
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Premkumar, J. "Ecological Resilience in the Anthropocene: A Case Study of Netflix Series Kaala Paani and its Environmental Narrative in Trauma Studies." Shanlax International Journal of English 12, S1-Feb (2024): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v12is1-feb.7452.
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Ecological resilience is a concept within ecology that refers to the ability of an ecosystem to absorb disturbances, recover from those disturbances, and adapt to changing conditions while maintaining its essential structure, function, and feedbacks. In simpler terms, it’s the capacity of an ecosystem to bounce back and persist in the face of changes or shocks. Key features of ecological resilience include Ecological resilience is often considered in the context of the Anthropocene, which is the current geological era characterized by significant human impact on the Earth’s geology and ecosystems. Human activities, such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change, can challenge the resilience of ecosystems.
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Togaev, Isomiddin, Anvarbek Nurkhodjaev, and Shamshodbek Akmalov. "Structurally decryptable complexes - a new taxonomic unit in cosmo-geological research." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 07027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016407027.
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The article presents the results of studies on the use of remote sensing data for the selection of geological structures based on structurally interpretable complexes. In addition, modern digital materials of satellite images of the Earth’s surface, obtained from different satellite systems were used. The purpose of this research is the creation of a new generation of cosmogeological maps-remote fundamentals of the study area based on the integrated use of satellite imagery with geological and geophysical data. The structurally-decrypted complexes (SDC) were identified on the remote bases cosmogeological maps compiled using digital satellite images on base all Republic of Uzbekistan. Denoting tectonic disturbances and ring structures, as well as summarizing cosmogical and geological information, it is possible to distinguish predicted areas; one can solve various current geological problems by analyzing satellite imagery channels. One of the new scientific and thematic solutions of the research is the autonomous isolation of intrusive, sedimentary-volcanogenic and sedimentary structurally-deciphered complexes in combination with the structural and geodynamic features of the region, which helps to identify elements that are not distinguished by other methods.
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Zaalishvili, Vladislav B., Dmitry A. Melkov, Nikita V. Martyushev, et al. "Radon Emanation and Dynamic Processes in Highly Dispersive Media." Geosciences 14, no. 4 (2024): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14040102.
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The paper considers a dispersive geological medium (seismically turbid medium, as defined by A.V. Nikolaev), which is in a stress–strain state. Results of studies on the joint monitoring of seismic effects and radon emanation in various geological environments are presented. It is concluded that the turbidity of the medium, as a statistical characteristic, can be generalized in terms of other media parameters, such as permeability. A stable connection between radon emanation and dynamic processes occurring in a geological environment and caused by external influences has been established. The concentration of radon can also reflect the degree of enrichment of the environment by underground fractures. Consequently, saturation of the environment with radon provides information about the presence of disturbances in a geological environment in the form of cracks and a stress–strain state of the medium before and after seismic loadings. Radon observations make it possible to assess a continuity of the environment and the possibility of leaching in natural conditions. Therefore, it could be efficiently used for underground leaching efficiency assessment.
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Liu, Tao, Haotong Wang, Xiuting Su, Kexian Li, Shiqun Liu, and Fengsong Guo. "Instability Mechanism of Cavity-Bearing Formation under Tunnel Excavation Disturbance." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (March 11, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9038421.
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Urban subway construction inevitably causes disturbances to the rock strata. It can even cause ground collapse accidents when construction encounters a bad geological body in the stratum. To verify the influence of cavities on surface settlement and the mechanism of formation instability, the instability mechanism of cavity-bearing strata under tunnel excavation disturbance was herein studied by tests using self-designed indoor models and numerical simulations. This study was based on the concrete project case of Qingdao Metro. Two groups of experiments (with and without cavities) were designed to simulate the four-step excavation by staged unloading of an airbag. The results show that the settlement value in the cavity state was about twice as much as that in the nonvoid state at the same stage. Besides the first step of excavation, in the numerical simulation, the settlement value of the same stage is about 1.3 times that of the model test. Simulating the deformation process of the surrounding rock in model tests shows that, in the excavation of the tunnel, the collapse surface of the tunnel arch roof will be connected with the sliding surface of the formation cavity. The cavity will gradually change from a regular circle to an ellipse or may even close, resulting in a sudden increase in land subsidence or even ground collapse. This indicates that disturbance during tunnel excavation would cause greater instability in a stratum when bad geological bodies, such as cavities, exist in the stratum.
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Mitskovets, Ivan A. "Application of Chimeric Meshes for Explicit Accounting for Inhomogeneities in Modeling the Propagation of Elastic Waves." Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies. 15, no. 2 (2023): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/rensit.2023.15.185.
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The method of chimeric meshes is applied to simulate the propagation of elastic perturbations in media containing porous and fractured inclusions. A model of a linearly elastic isotropic medium is considered, which describes the state of a geological rock. The grid-characteristic method with the third-order accurate Rusanov scheme is used for numerical modeling of the dynamic propagation of elastic disturbances. Special attention is paid to the presence of separate inclusions of pores or fractures, which introduce heterogeneity into the medium and can substantially influence the response of elastic disturbances. The use of the chimera grid method allows for both the position and shape of such inclusions to be described explicitly, taking into account their influence on the propagation of elastic disturbances. As a result of the conducted investigation, a methodology for numerical modeling of the propagation of elastic disturbances in media with porous and fractured inclusions was developed, which can be used to assess the influence of such inclusions on the dynamic response of elastic disturbances. The presented results can be applied in geophysical and seismic research related to modeling the dynamics of various processes in soils and rocks.
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Koster, Benjamin, and Frigga Kruse. "The use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) in the investigation of historical quarry abandonment in Svalbard." Polar Record 52, no. 3 (2016): 330–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247415000844.
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ABSTRACTThis paper investigates historical quarry abandonment in Spitsbergen, Svalbard. A short-lived British marble quarry in Kongsfjorden lay deserted after 1920. We ask why this attempt at the large-scale development of Arctic marble was unproductive; whether there are structural features that affected the known historical trenches and boreholes; and whether the reason for abandonment was primarily geological. During interdisciplinary fieldwork rooted in industrial archaeology and structural geology, we employed medium-resolution ground penetration radar (GPR) to discern subsurface disturbances near the workings. Seven survey grids gave rise to both areas of fracturing and folding as well as areas of sound marble. Using complementary historical documents, we are able to dispel the myths that permafrost or shattered surface rock affected workability and profitability. Although structural disturbances were present, bedrock geology was, in fact, less important than the proportion of waste rock to marketable product. Whether a product was marketable depended on a multitude of other factors. This paper moves away from oversimplified reasoning in mining history and promotes the bridging of geological and historical scales in order to understand the full suite of local and global driving forces in the historical process.
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Молдабаев, С. К., Д. В. Бабец, К. Б. Рысбеков та А. Н. Нурманова. "ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ ТЕКТОНИЧЕСКИХ НАРУШЕНИЙ В ДОННОЙ ЧАСТИ КАРЬЕРОВ НА БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЯ ЗАПАСОВ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ". Горный журнал Казахстана, № 9(233) (21 жовтня 2024): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.48498/minmag.2024.233.9.008.
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В статье исследуется влияние тектонических нарушений на устойчивость донной части карьеров и безопасность извлечения запасов месторождения. Рассматриваются методы численного моделирования для оценки напряженно-деформированного состояния породного массива в условиях наличия геологических нарушений. Основное внимание уделяется моделированию разломов и трещин, их влиянию на структуру и механическое поведение горных пород, а также разработке прогностических моделей с использованием программного обеспечения RS2 и RS3 от компании Rocscience. В статье представлены результаты моделирования, демонстрирующие снижение коэффициента запаса устойчивости борта карьера при наличии тектонического нарушения, и предложены рекомендации по совершенствованию методики учета геологических данных и параметров моделирования. Мақалада тектоникалық бұзылулардың карьерлер түбінің тұрақтылығына және кен орындары қорларын өндіру қауіпсіздігіне әсері қарастырылған. Сандық модельдеу әдістері геологиялық бұзылулар болған кезде тау массасының кернеулі-деформациялық күйін бағалау үшін қарастырылады. Бұзылулар мен жарықшақтарды модельдеуге, олардың тау жыныстарының құрылымы мен механикалық сипаттамалық әсеріне және Rocscience фирмасының RS2 және RS3 бағдарламалық қамтамасыз етуді пайдалана отырып болжамды модельдерін жасауға басты назар аударылады. Мақалада тектоникалық бұзылыс кезінде карьер жағының тұрақтылық коэффициентінің төмендеуін көрсететін модельдеу нәтижелері берілген және геологиялық мәліметтер мен модельдеу параметрлерін есепке алу әдістемесін жетілдіру бойынша ұсыныстар берілген The article investigates the impact of tectonic disruptions on the stability of open pit floor and the safety of resource extraction. Numerical modeling methods are examined to assess the stress-strain state of the rock mass in the presence of geological disturbances. The focus is on simulating faults and fractures, their influence on the structure and mechanical behavior of rock formations, and the development of predictive models using RS2 and RS3 software by Rocscience. The article presents modeling results that demonstrate a decrease in the stability factor of the quarry slope in the presence of tectonic disturbances and offers recommendations for improving the methodology for incorporating geological data and modeling parameters
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Kowalczyk-Kępa, Iwona, Eugeniusz J. Sobczyk, and Jarosław Kulpa. "Modelling of a multi-seam hard coal deposit using IT tools." E3S Web of Conferences 567 (2024): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456701019.
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With the rising demand for mineral resources, efficient deposit management has become a critical challenge in modern mining. This article underscores the significance of geological modeling in coal deposit management, emphasizing the essential role that digital deposit models play across various mine departments. It outlines the methodology for creating geological models, detailing steps such as data digitization, validation, model construction, calibration, and continuous updates. The article examines three specific deposit modelling software programs (Minex, MineScape, and Carlson) highlighting their unique features and suitability for multi-seam coal deposits. The findings include the development of contour maps, structural and qualitative models, and conducting economic analyses. Additionally, the article discusses the importance of modelling tectonic disturbances and creating qualitative maps for effective deposit exploitation planning. It concludes by emphasizing that the integration of information technology with geological expertise is crucial for precise planning and optimization of mining operations, leading to more efficient and sustainable resource management.
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Gigli, G., W. Frodella, F. Mugnai, et al. "Instability mechanisms affecting cultural heritage sites in the Maltese Archipelago." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 6 (2012): 1883–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1883-2012.
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Abstract. The superimposition of geological formations with marked contrast in geotechnical properties presents one of the most critical environments for slope instability due to the different response of the materials to the applied disturbances. Moreover, the above-mentioned geological setting is often associated with high risk conditions, since many isolated rock slabs located at a higher altitude than the surrounding countryside have been sites of historical towns or buildings. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the mechanisms determining instability in rock slabs overlying a soft substratum, with reference to two cultural heritage sites in Malta. Accurate investigations have been carried out to evaluate the geological, geotechnical and geomechanical properties together with the main geomorphological features of the soft clayey substratum and the overlying limestone rock mass. The main instability processes have thus been identified and investigated through kinematic analyses and numerical modeling, combined with a 1992–2001 Persistent Scatterers monitoring of ground displacements. The study constitutes the basis for the subsequent restoration works.
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Pashchenko, P. S., and O. O. Karamushka. "DETERMINATION OF THE DISLOCATED ZONES, WHICH ARE POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS ON THE OCCURRENCE OF SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION IN THE COAL LAYERS." Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology 26, no. 2(39) (2022): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2021.2(39).246201.
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Problem Statement and Purpose. The structure of the fracturing coal in the zones of geological disturbances is one of factors of origin of the gas dynamic phenomena,including spontaneous combustion of coal layers. The purpose of this work is definition of the disturbance zones, which are prone tospontaneous combustion in coal layers on the basis of application of the developeddevice and methods of selection of samples coal for determination of his propensity to spontaneous combustion and determination of the disturbance zones in coal layers after structural characteristics of coal. Data & Methods. 22 samples of coal medium catagenesis and an ear of low catagenesis from two mines of the Donetsk-Makivsky geological-industrial region of Donbas and 10 samples of coal of medium catagenesis from one mine of the Central region were researched. The selection of the disturbance zones, which are prone to spontaneous combustion in coal layers, is executed on the basis of application of the developed device and methods of selection of samples coal for determination of hispropensity to spontaneous combustion and determination of the disturbance zones in coal layers after structural characteristics of coal. The method of optical research of rocks with application of microscope of MBS‑1 was used for determination of structural characteristics of coal. Results. A device for the selection of point coal samples in the mountain making and, accordingly, method of selection of samples coal for determination of his propensity to spontaneous combustion were developed for determination of his propensity tospontaneous combustion during the leadthrough of experimental researches which are related to determination of the disturbance zones as potential zones, which are prone to spontaneous combustion in coal layers. The developed methods and device was tested at the mine of the Cent al geological-industrial region of Donbas. Samples were selected by a hand device for the selectionof point samples on a depth 1146 m in an amount 10 pieces. The amount of quasi-crystals of coal in samples was analysed and selected by optical the microscope MBS‑1, that is 2,4–4,6%, that is all of samples were selected from the disturbance zone according to the method of the determination of the disturbance zones in coal layers after structural characteristics of coal. Accordingly, plicative violation wasselected on the mine of the Central geological-industrial region on the basis of comparison of results of microscopic researches of coal from the different zones of coal layers. The data, what were got as a result of application of the developed device and methods of selection of samples coal for determination of his propensity to spontaneous combustion and determination of the disturbance zones in coal layers after structuralcharacteristics of coal, can be used for the prognosis of the disturbance zones which can be related to the origin of the gas dynamic phenomena, potential zones ofspontaneous combustion of coal layers.
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Tsvetkova, Madlena. "Comparison between the geological settings of the Varbitsa (NW Bulgaria) and Bure (SE France) sites for geological disposal of radioactive waste." Geologica Balcanica 51, no. 1 (2022): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.51.1.57.
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Geological settings are of major importance in selecting appropriate environment for disposal of high-level radioactive waste from nuclear power plants. Clay rocks are preferred in a number of countries as a suitable host rocks due to their insulating properties and ability to self- seal cracks and other disturbances. In Bulgaria, on the basis of multi-criterion comparative analysis, several prospective sites have been selected for further consideration. One of them is the Varbitsa site located in the Fore-Balkan Unit. The marls of the Sumer Formation are the host rock. Similar clay host rocks for high-level radioactive waste disposal have been extensively studied in France, Switzerland and Belgium. In this context, the experience gained in these countries is particularly valuable for the further development of the geological disposal in Bulgaria. The current paper presents a comparison between the geological settings of the Varbitsa site (NW Bulgaria) and the Bure site (SE France), whose argillites are similar to the Bulgarian marls. The outcomes of this comparison would be useful for planning and conducting future research activities, as well as for the public acceptance of the geological disposal.
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Tsvetkova, Madlena. "Comparison between the geological settings of the Varbitsa (NW Bulgaria) and Bure (SE France) sites for geological disposal of radioactive waste." Geologica Balcanica 51, no. 1 (2022): 57–65. https://doi.org/10.52321/GeolBalc.51.1.57.
Full textAbstract:
Geological settings are of major importance in selecting appropriate environment for disposal of high-level radioactive waste from nuclear power plants. Clay rocks are preferred in a number of countries as a suitable host rocks due to their insulating properties and ability to self- seal cracks and other disturbances. In Bulgaria, on the basis of multi-criterion comparative analysis, several prospective sites have been selected for further consideration. One of them is the Varbitsa site located in the Fore-Balkan Unit. The marls of the Sumer Formation are the host rock. Similar clay host rocks for high-level radioactive waste disposal have been extensively studied in France, Switzerland and Belgium. In this context, the experience gained in these countries is particularly valuable for the further development of the geological disposal in Bulgaria. The current paper presents a comparison between the geological settings of the Varbitsa site (NW Bulgaria) and the Bure site (SE France), whose argillites are similar to the Bulgarian marls. The outcomes of this comparison would be useful for planning and conducting future research activities, as well as for the public acceptance of the geological disposal.
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Kuznetsov, V. I. "Practical results of scattered waves using for prediction of fractures zones and evaluation of faults conductivity concerning oil and gas field." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 6 (December 28, 2024): 69–78. https://doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2024-6-69-78.
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The main task in the modern development of the oil industry in in each area is creating a rational strategy for the exploration and hydrocarbon production. This strategy ensures an optimal balance between the required production level and explored reserves. In this regard, oil and gas geophysics requirements are constantly increasing. Geological exploration is being reoriented to search for complex oil and gas traps. Importance of the issues related to the uneven lateral distribution of reservoir properties — primarily porosity and permeability of rocks — is increasing. Standard methodological techniques used in seismic studies no longer provide reliable solutions of geological tasks.This article focuses on testing technology of fracture zone prediction in geological sections and assessing conductivity for fluids of tectonic disturbances at oil and gas fields. The solution of this task will significantly increase the efficiency of pools development concerning oil and gas fields characterized by complicated geological structure. Typically, evaluation of faults and fractures conductivity is accomplished on the basis of geological and production data. Fault conductivity and fracture zone data in explicit form is not used neither in geological modeling nor in hydrodynamic modeling. This study presents an attempt to apply the diffuse seismic wave field to predict fracture zones in the geological environment and the properties of faults at a real site. Modelling was carried out to assess the potential of this approach, confirming the technology's viability. Further, real data was processed and compared with field data. Real data was processed and compared with field data.
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Ivanenko, A. N., Yu V. Brusilovsky, A. V. Khortov, and I. А. Veklich. "GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES OF THE KERCHEN-TAMAN BLACK SEA SHELF FOR ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION." Journal of Oceanological Research 48, no. 2 (2020): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2020.48(2).6.
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The article presents the results of detailed geological and geophysical engineering work on the Kerch-Taman shelf. These works were carried out in order to identify potentially hazardous for engineering construction areas (for example, fault zones, local gas accumulations, etc.). The paper discusses methods for the selection of such sites, based on the analysis and joint interpretation of seismic materials and materials of marine magnetic surveys. A high degree of spatial coincidence of the areas identified by these independent methods was noted, which significantly increases the degree of reliability of their allocation. A number of geological section elements unfavorable for engineering construction have been detected and identified. The analysis of residual magnetic anomalies and their confinement to areas of discontinuous disturbances is considered in detail.
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Jovanovska, Elena, Aleksandra Cvetkoska, Torsten Hauffe, et al. "Differential resilience of ancient sister lakes Ohrid and Prespa to environmental disturbances during the Late Pleistocene." Biogeosciences 13, no. 4 (2016): 1149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1149-2016.
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Abstract. Ancient lakes, such as lakes Ohrid and Prespa on the Balkan Peninsula, have become model systems for studying the link between geological and biotic evolution. Recently, the scientific deep-drilling project Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid (SCOPSCO) was initiated to better understand the environmental, climatic, and limnological evolution of the lake. It revealed that Lake Ohrid experienced a number of environmental disturbances during its ca. 2.0 million year long history. These are comprised of disturbances that lasted over longer periods of time (“press events”) such as glacial–interglacial cycles and Heinrich events, as well as sudden and short disturbances (“pulse events”) like the deposition of landslides, earthquakes, and volcanic ash depositions. The latter includes one of the most severe volcanic episodes during the Late Pleistocene: the eruption of the Campanian Ignimbrite (known as Y-5 marine tephra layer) from the Campi Flegrei caldera, dated to 39.6 ± 0.1 thousand years ago. The event is recorded by the deposition of a ca. 15 cm thick tephra layer in sediment cores of lakes Ohrid (DEEP-5045-1) and Prespa (Co1204). Coincidently, this pulse event is superimposed by the Heinrich H4 event, 40.4–38.4 thousand years ago. In the current paper, diatoms were used as proxies to compare the responses of these lakes to the Y-5 (pulse) and the H4 (press) disturbances. Based on stratigraphically constrained incremental sum of squares cluster (CONISS) and unconstrained Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) analyses, we found little evidence that diatom community compositions in either lake responded to the H4 event. However, the Y-5 influx caused clear and rapid diatom community changes. After the initial response, community compositions in Lake Ohrid and, to a lesser extent, in Lake Prespa slowly returned to their quasi pre-disturbance state. Moreover, there is no evidence for disturbance-related extinction events. The combined evidence from these findings suggests that lakes Ohrid and Prespa likely did not experience regime shifts. It is therefore concluded that both lakes show resilience to environmental disturbance. However, it seems that Lake Ohrid is more resilient than Lake Prespa, as the recovery of diatom communities is more pronounced and its estimated recovery time is only ca. 1100 years vs. ca. 4000 years in Lake Prespa. The reasons for the differential responses remain largely unknown, but differences in geology, lake age, limnology, and intrinsic parameters of the diatom proxies may play an important role.
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Yeryomenko, A. A., and N. I. Sklyar. "Effect of geological disturbances on the danger of rock bursts in a rock mass." Journal of Mining Science 35, no. 1 (1999): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02562440.
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Hapieiev, S. M., O. V. Skobenko, N. V. Khoziaikina, S. V. Podkopaiev, and D. A. Chepiga. "Assessment of the state of the rock mass around the crosscuts under additional deformation disturbances." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 2 (April 30, 2024): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2024-2/032.
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Purpose. Assessment of the level of disturbance of the stress state of the rock mass around the crosscut of the depth of 545 m when additional deformations occur during the mining of lower-lying coal pillars by southern longwalls of the k5 layer and assessment of this impact on operational production in the mining-geological and mining-technical conditions of Krasnolymanska mine. Methodology. Theoretical studies are based on the use of regulatory documents on the design of mining operations in coal mines and geomechanical models developed in accordance with the basic principles of solid mechanics, implemented in proven software products. Findings. As a result of the research, it has been proven that the mining-geological and mining-technical conditions of the stressed-strained state of the rock mass around capital workings at a depth of 545 are not critical for their stability. The ability to mine coal pillars at lower depths has been substantiated, and a minimum distance limit between research objects has been established, below which the fastening must be strengthened to ensure the stability of the crosscuts. Originality. For the first time, the stress-strain field in the rock mass around the basis workings has been studied as a result of the imbalance caused by previous mining during the excavation of underlying coal pillars under geological and technical conditions of Krasnolymanska mine based on geomechanical models. The regularity of the equivalent stress growth according to the Mohr-Coulomb criterion with a decrease in the distance between the research objects has been developed. Rational parameters of the technology for working out pillars are substantiated, under which the stress-strain state of the geomechanical system can be safely controlled. Practical value. The possibility of increasing the productive coal reserves within the field of the mine Krasnolymanska due to the safe mining of pillars around the basis inclines on the underlying levels is justified.
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Dibble, Harold L., Philip G. Chase, Shannon P. McPherron, and Alain Tuffreau. "Testing the Reality of a “Living Floor” with Archaeological Data." American Antiquity 62, no. 4 (1997): 629–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281882.
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No matter how “pristine” an archaeological assemblage may appear, archaeologists should always be concerned with documenting the degree and nature of possible postdepositional disturbances. This paper outlines a number of tests that can be applied to archaeological, vs. geological, data to assess these effects, and their use is illustrated in an excavation of a Lower Paleolithic site in France. Although this site was originally thought to contain a possible “living floor” reflecting relatively little postdepositional disturbance, the tests applied here clearly show that both the lithic and faunal components in large part reflect secondary deposits and most probably are only coincidentally associated. From a methodological perspective, this study clearly demonstrates the power of these tests for assessing the taphonomic history of any site containing lithic and faunal remains, and the use of this particular example illustrates the need for these kinds of tests to be applied at the time of excavation.
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Masterson, Jane. "The geological history of polyploidy in woody angiosperms." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200007632.
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Polyploidy, the condition where an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes, is a common and important evolutionary phenomenon in flowering plants (angiosperms). Estimates of the percentage of angiosperms (approximately 250-300,000 living species) derived from polyploids range from 47-90%. The historical development of polyploidy is currently very poorly understood and whether polyploidy is a major causal factor in angiosperm diversification is widely debated.Many questions about the base chromosome number of angiosperms (important for establishing the extent of polyploidy) and the origin of polyploidy can be addressed using fossil plants. One of the physical effects of polyploidy is a general increase in cell volume; the size of guard cells (leaf epidermal cells that control the opening and closing of the gas exchange pores [stomata]) has been used successfully to determine the relative number of chromosomes present or ploidy level in living Carva (hickories), Betula (birch), Magnolia, and Pvrus (pear). At least two previous studies have used guard cells to estimate ploidy level in fossil taxa (Metasequoia, Sequoia, and Paleorubiaceophyllum).The base haploid chromosome number in angiosperms generally has been assumed to be between n=7-9, but this is apparently based either on the dubious assumption that the most common condition is likely to be primitive (cf. egg laying in mammals) or the inference that because this number is found in many different clades it is likely to be basic in each of these groups. The Gnetales (the living gymnosperms most closely related to angiosperms) have a haploid basic number of 7, but Donoghue and Doyle (1989) find that it is almost equally parsimonious to assume the base number is n=12-14 because of uncertainties over the chromosome number of certain critical extinct outgroups. My guard cell measurements of three angiosperm families (Platanaceae, Magnoliaceae and Lauraceae) provide additional empirical support for the n=7-9 hypothesis and suggest that extinct diploid members existed in the mid-Cretaceous and early Cenozoic floras. These results also falsify the hypothesis that polyploidization triggered the angiosperm radiation in the Cretaceous in these families. Other hypotheses regarding the historical timing of major increases in polyploidy are being tested. These include climatic deterioration and associated modification and mixing of plant distributions during the Eocene and Pleistocene. It may be that polyploids survive major disturbances at a higher rate than diploids because they often have broader ecological tolerances and wider geographic ranges. Thus the accumulation of polyploids in plant families may not occur because they are speciation prone as usually inferred but because they are extinction resistant. My preliminary results in Platanaceae support an increased level of polyploidy after major disturbances.
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Greenfield, R. J., and S. T. Wu. "Electromagnetic wave propagation in disrupted coal seams." GEOPHYSICS 56, no. 10 (1991): 1571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442967.
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It is of economic importance to locate zones of geological disturbance in longwall coal panels prior to the start of mining operations. This can be done with electromagnetic (EM) longwall attenuation tomography in which the amplitude of a single frequency wave in the 300 kHz range is measured over a number of raypaths. The main component of the signal is a fundamental waveguide mode. Zones with high attenuation rates have been observed to be zones of geological disturbance. A two‐dimensional TM (magnetic field transverse to the plane of propagation) mode, time domain finite difference solution was developed and used to determine the excess attenuation (EA) that occurs in disturbed zones. EA is defined as the actual attenuation going through a disturbed zone less the attenuation for an equal length of the normal, undisturbed waveguide. A typical model has a coal seam bordered above and below by rock with a disturbed zone; various types of disturbances such as sand channels and faults were modeled. Synthetic magnetograms are computed at points along the seam and are Fourier transformed to get spectral amplitudes. Model results show that high attenuation can occur in disturbed zones. However the EA that occurs going through a zone is highly dependent on the properties of the zone and waveguide. Models with high conductivity (.05 S/m) roof and floor rock gave larger EA than low conductivity models (.001 S/m). However, low conductivity roof and floor models can still give 5 to 10 db of attenuation, which is consistent with observed values. With high conductivity, simple roof and floor faults can cause significant attenuation.
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He, Kuan, Youfeng Zou, Zhigang Han, and Jilei Huang. "Time-Series InSAR Technology for Monitoring and Analyzing Surface Deformations in Mining Areas Affected by Fault Disturbances." Remote Sensing 16, no. 24 (2024): 4811. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244811.
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Faults, as unique geological structures, disrupt the mechanical connections between rock masses. During coal mining, faults in the overlying strata can disturb the original stress balance, leading to fault activation and altering the typical subsidence patterns. This can result in abnormal ground deformation and significant damage to surface structures, posing a serious geological hazard in mining areas. This study examines the influence of a known fault (F13 fault) on ground subsidence in the Wannian Mine of the Fengfeng Mining Area. We utilized 12 Sentinel-1A images and applied SBAS-InSAR, StaMPS-InSAR, and DS-InSAR time-series InSAR methods, alongside the D-InSAR method, to investigate surface deformations caused by the F13 fault. The monitoring accuracy of these methods was evaluated using leveling measurements from 28 surface movement observation stations. In addition, the density of effective monitoring points and the relative strengths and limitations of the three time-series methods were compared. The findings indicate that, in low deformation areas, DS-InSAR has a monitoring accuracy of 7.7 mm, StaMPS-InSAR has a monitoring accuracy of 16.4 mm, and SBAS-InSAR has an accuracy of 19.3 mm.
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Xiao, Jin. "A Region of Coal Mine Geological Environmental Survey Assessment and Prevention Countermeasures." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1078–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1078.
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Exploitation and utilization of coal resources will cause disturbances to the geologic environment and damages to the geologic environment conditions of the mining area, and lead to damages to ecological environment, formation of geologic hazards of mines and environmental pollution in the mining area. In this paper, current geologic environment of mines is investigated, and geologic environment problems of mines are assessed and prevention and control measures are researched on a basis of classified areas, with Dazhou, which is an important city in East Sichuan and where coal resources are rich and exploited frequently, as an example, to provide reference for protection, treatment and recovery of geologic environment of coal mines in East Sichuan.