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Journal articles on the topic 'Geological mapping – Namibia – Remote sensing'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Gomez, Cécile, Christophe Delacourt, Pascal Allemand, Patrick Ledru, and R. Wackerle. "Using ASTER remote sensing data set for geological mapping, in Namibia." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 30, no. 1-3 (2005): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2004.08.042.

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2

Booysen, Zimmermann, Lorenz, et al. "Towards Multiscale and Multisource Remote Sensing Mineral Exploration Using RPAS: A Case study in the Lofdal Carbonatite-Hosted REE Deposit, Namibia." Remote Sensing 11, no. 21 (2019): 2500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11212500.

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Traditional exploration techniques usually rely on extensive field work supported by geophysical ground surveying. However, this approach can be limited by several factors such as field accessibility, financial cost, area size, climate, and public disapproval. We recommend the use of multiscale hyperspectral remote sensing to mitigate the disadvantages of traditional exploration techniques. The proposed workflow analyzes a possible target at different levels of spatial detail. This method is particularly beneficial in inaccessible and remote areas with little infrastructure, because it allows for a systematic, dense and generally noninvasive surveying. After a satellite regional reconnaissance, a target is characterized in more detail by plane-based hyperspectral mapping. Subsequently, Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS)-mounted hyperspectral sensors are deployed on selected regions of interest to provide a higher level of spatial detail. All hyperspectral data are corrected for radiometric and geometric distortions. End-member modeling and classification techniques are used for rapid and accurate lithological mapping. Validation is performed via field spectroscopy and portable XRF as well as laboratory geochemical and spectral analyses. The resulting spectral data products quickly provide relevant information on outcropping lithologies for the field teams. We show that the multiscale approach allows defining the promising areas that are further refined using RPAS-based hyperspectral imaging. We further argue that the addition of RPAS-based hyperspectral data can improve the detail of field mapping in mineral exploration, by bridging the resolution gap between airplane- and ground-based data. RPAS-based measurements can supplement and direct geological observation rapidly in the field and therefore allow better integration with in situ ground investigations. We demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach at the Lofdal Carbonatite Complex in Namibia, which has been previously subjected to rare earth elements exploration. The deposit is located in a remote environment and characterized by difficult terrain which limits ground surveys.
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3

Knepper, D. H. "Remote sensing for geological mapping." Geoderma 37, no. 3 (1986): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(86)90053-4.

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4

Yang, Wei. "Application of Remote Sensing Technology in Geological Surveying and Mapping." Remote Sensing 9, no. 2 (2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/rs.v9i2.1370.

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<p>Remote sensing technology is widely used in various industries in China, and plays its own role. In geological surveying and mapping, its remote sensing technology can optimize the process of geological surveying and mapping, change the traditional working methods, and make its geological surveying and mapping results more accurate. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the applications of remote sensing technology in geological mapping. In this paper, we need to understand the content of remote sensing technology first, and then explain the specific application of remote sensing technology in geological surveying and mapping, explain the development prospect of remote sensing technology, and provide reference for the corresponding researchers.</p>
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5

Wadge, G., and N. Quarmby. "Geological remote sensing of rocky coasts." Geological Magazine 125, no. 5 (1988): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800013236.

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AbstractFrom remotely sensed images of rock surfaces at coasts it is possible to map some characteristics of different rock types. To do this a selection must be made of those parts of the image that correspond to the rock surfaces prior to interrogation of their geological information content. A comparative study of satellite-acquired multispectral Thematic Mapper data and aircraft-acquired multispectral scanner data at four test sites on the Pembrokeshire coast was made. The spatial resolution of the Thematic Mapper data (30 m) proved to be too coarse to provide any continuity of mapping over several kilometres of rock exposures, whereas the 10 m resolution of the aircraft data was adequate to do this. Using the aircraft scanner data, neighbouring Old Red Sandstone and Carboniferous (mainly carbonate) rocks could be discriminated in both three-band and principal components images. Furthermore, it proved possible to distinguish between limestone and dolomite lithologies in the Carboniferous succession and between some of the mudstones and sandstones in the Old Red Sandstone. Airborne multispectral scanning of rocky coasts is a new potential tool for geological mapping in exploration projects in which it would be best integrated with the acquisition of airborne geophysical and field geological data.
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Wang, Jin Lin, Wei Wang, Ke Fa Zhou, Ji Ning Yan, and Hui Liu. "Hyper-Spectral Remote Sensing Apply on Alteration Mineral Mapping." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.729.

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With the rapid development of modern science and technology, remote sensing geological survey theory based on what is built on the interaction mechanism the physics of electromagnetic radiation and geological body. It is through the multi-wave spectrum (light), more than reality, multi-imaging, multi-polarization, multi-level enhancement processing technical means to collect and analyze remote sensing data in order to get more spectral, space geological information than alteration mapping. Remote sensing geological survey does not require direct contact with the target, but use of visible light, infrared, microwave detection instrument, through photography or scanning mode, the induction of electromagnetic radiation energy, transmission and processing, thereby identifying the surface target from a long-range, high-altitude and even outer space platforms.
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7

De Groeve, Tom. "Flood monitoring and mapping using passive microwave remote sensing in Namibia." Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 1, no. 1 (2010): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475701003648085.

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8

Fraser, A., P. Huggins, J. Rees, and P. Cleverly. "A satellite remote sensing technique for geological structure horizon mapping." International Journal of Remote Sensing 18, no. 7 (1997): 1607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014311697218313.

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9

Paillou, Philippe, Sylvia Lopez, Eugene Marais, and Klaus Scipal. "Mapping Paleohydrology of the Ephemeral Kuiseb River, Namibia, from Radar Remote Sensing." Water 12, no. 5 (2020): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051441.

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The Kuiseb River is one of the major ephemeral rivers of Western Namibia, setting the northern limit of the Namib Sand Sea and outflowing in the Atlantic Ocean at Walvis Bay. Such ephemeral rivers are of the highest importance for the country since they are related both to recent past climatic conditions and to potential water resources. Using high-resolution radar images from the Japanese ALOS-2 satellite, we mapped for the first time the numerous channels hidden under the surface aeolian sediments: while the non-permanent tributaries of the Kuiseb River appear north of its present-day bed, a wide paleochannel system running westward, assumed by previous studies, could be clearly observed in the interdune valleys in the south. Radar-detected channels were studied during fieldwork in May 2019, which produced both subsurface ground-penetrating radar profiles and high-resolution drone-generated digital elevation models. It allowed us to confirm the existence of the “Paleo–Kuiseb” drainage system, a remnant of the Holocene history of the Kuiseb River, moving northward under the progression of the Namib Sand Sea. Our observations also contribute to the explanation of the young age of the linear dunes at the northern edge of the Namib Sand Sea, which are currently active and are pushing the Kuiseb River course toward the north.
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10

Liu, Xin Xing. "Information Extraction and Metallogenic Prediction of Qiangduo Area in Tibet Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.127.

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Remote sensing technology as a kind of new and advanced technology has been playing an important role in geological mapping and prospecting. A single kind of remote sensing data always has both advantages and disadvantages. And with multispectral remote sensing data types increasing, the integrated application of multi-source remote sensing data will be one of the development trend of remote sensing geology. In this paper, comprehensive utilization of multi-source remote sensing data such as ETM+, ASTER, Worldview-II and DEM, lithology and geological structure of Qiangduo area in Tibet were interpreted in different levels and mineralized alteration information also was extracted. Then on the basis of modern metallogenic theory, analyzed the multiple mineralization favorite information, established the remote sensing prediction model, and on the GIS platform, carried out metallogenic prediction of the study area. The field validation shows that the results of the prediction are relatively accurate and remote sensing technology can improve the efficiency of geological work.
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11

Shirazy, Adel Shirazy, Aref Shirazy, and Hamed Nazerian. "Application of Remote Sensing in Earth Sciences – A Review." International journal of Science and Engineering Applications 10, no. 05 (2021): 045–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijsea1005.1001.

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The application of remote sensing sciences in the field of geology is very diverse and wide. One of its most important applications in earth sciences is geological mapping. Mineral exploration using remote sensing techniques is done in different ways, one of them is the mapping alteration zones related to mineral resources. Given the importance of remote sensing and geosciences in today's industry and given that deposit-related alteration areas are one of the most important exploratory keys. in this review study the mapping methods and alteration zones detection using remote sensing techniques and other applications of remote sensing in earth sciences and its generalities are explained.
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12

Magiera, Janusz. "Can Satellite Remote Sensing be Applied in Geological Mapping in Tropics?" E3S Web of Conferences 35 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183502004.

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Remote sensing (RS) techniques are based on spectral data registered by RS scanners as energy reflected from the Earth’s surface or emitted by it. In “geological” RS the reflectance (or emittence) should come from rock or sediment. The problem in tropical and subtropical areas is a dense vegetation. Spectral response from the rocks and sediments is gathered only from the gaps among the trees and shrubs. Images of high resolution are appreciated here, therefore. New generation of satellites and scanners (Digital Globe WV2, WV3 and WV4) yield imagery of spatial resolution of 2 m and up to 16 spectral bands (WV3). Images acquired by Landsat (TM, ETM+, OLI) and Sentinel 2 have good spectral resolution too (6–12 bands in visible and infrared) and, despite lower spatial resolution (10–60 m of pixel size) are useful in extracting lithological information too. Lithological RS map may reveal good precision (down to a single rock or outcrop of a meter size). Supplemented with the analysis of Digital Elevation Model and high resolution ortophotomaps (Google Maps, Bing etc.) allows for quick and cheap mapping of unsurveyed areas.
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13

Pour, A. B., M. Hashim, and J. K. Hong. "APPLICATION OF MULTISPECTRAL SATELLITE DATA FOR GEOLOGICAL MAPPING IN ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W1 (September 29, 2016): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w1-77-2016.

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Remote sensing imagery is capable to provide a solution to overcome the difficulties associated with geological field mapping in the Antarctic. Advanced optical and radar satellite imagery is the most applicable tool for mapping and identification of inaccessible regions in Antarctic. Consequently, an improved scientific research using remote sensing technology would be essential to provide new and more complete lithological and structural data to fill the numerous knowledge gaps on Antarctica’s geology. In this investigation, Oscar coast area in Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula (AP) was selected to conduct a remote sensing study using Landsat-7 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat-8 and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data. Contrast-enhanced Red-Green-Blue (RGB) composites, band ratios and Relative Band Depth (RBD) image processing techniques were applied to Landsat-8 and ASTER dataset for establishing the spectral separation of the main lithologic groups exposed in the study area. The outcomes of this investigation demonstrated the applications of SWIR and TIR bands of the multispectral remote sensing datasets to identify lithological units and producing geological maps with suitable accuracy of ice-free rock regions in the Antarctic Peninsula. The results could be extended to map coverage of non-investigated regions further east and validated previously inferred geological observations concerning other rocks and mineral deposits throughout the Antarctica.
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14

Dandar, Otgonbayar, Atsushi Okamoto, Masaoki Uno, Undarmaa Batsaikhan, Burenjargal Ulziiburen, and Noriyoshi Tsuchiya. "Drone brings new advance of geological mapping in Mongolia: Opportunities and challenges." Mongolian Geoscientist, no. 47 (December 31, 2018): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mgs.v0i47.1063.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones have revolutionized scientific research in multiple fields. Drones provide us multiple advantages over conventional geological mapping or high-altitude remote sensing methods, in which they allow us to acquire data more rapidly of inaccessible or risky outcrops, and can connect the spatial scale gap in mapping between manual field techniques and airborne, high-altitude remote sensing methods. Despite the decreased cost and technological developments of platforms, sensors and software, the use of drones for geological mapping in Mongolia has not yet been utilized. In this study, we present using of drone in two areas: the Chandman area in which eclogite is exposed and the Naran massif of the Khantaishir ophiolite in the Altai area. Drone yields images with high resolution that is reliable to use and reveals that it is possible to make better formulation of geological mapping. Our suggestion is that (1) Mongolian geoscientists are encouraged to add drones to their geologic toolboxes and (2) drone could open new advance of geological mapping in Mongolia in which geological map will be created in more effective and more detailed way combined with conventional geological survey on ground.
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15

Yamusa, I. B., Y. B. Yamusa, U. A. Danbatta, and T. Najime. "Geological and structural analysis using remote sensing for lineament and lithological mapping." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 169 (July 31, 2018): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/169/1/012082.

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16

Levandowski, Don W. "Remote sensing and geographic information systems — Geological mapping, mineral exploration and mining." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 49, no. 1 (1994): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-2716(94)90056-6.

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17

Tripathi, P., and R. D. Garg. "FEATURE EXTRACTION OF DESIS AND PRISMA HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING DATASETS FOR GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-3-2021 (August 10, 2021): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-3-2021-169-2021.

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Abstract. With the recent launch of advanced hyperspectral satellites with global coverage, including DESIS and PRISMA, a massive volume of high spectral resolution data is available. This work is focused on the spectral analysis and implementation of feature extraction or data dimensionality reduction techniques on both newly available datasets for geological interpretation. Three of the best feature extraction algorithms, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF), and Independent Component Analysis (ICA), were tested for lithological mapping for the Rajasthan state of India. The present work demonstrates the advantage of the feature extraction algorithm in geological mapping and interpretability as it shows the excellent performance for these datasets. The narrowband ratios for the clay minerals, dolomite, kaolinite, amphiboles, and Al-OH are generated using the PCA and MNF components. All of these band ratios were compared with the Lithological Map available. It is concluded that PCA is the first choice for feature-based lithological classification of hyperspectral remote sensing data. ICA is giving some impressive results which can be explored further. DESIS and PRISMA have a 30 km swath, finer spectral resolution, and high signal-to-noise ratio, which shows much potential in lithological mapping over the parts of northern India. It is suggested to use advanced feature extraction algorithms with recently launched hyperspectral data for accurate and updated mineral mapping over a sizeable geological importance area.
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18

KURNIA SARI, CENI FEBI. "APLIKASI PROGRAM ARC - SDM PADA PENGINDERAAN JAUH UNTUK PEMETAAN MINERAL EMAS." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Pendidikan 13, no. 1 (2020): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/tip.v13i1.304.

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The application of the Arc SDM program on remote sensing for gold minerals ini an area can be implemented by proving the compatibility of the result of the interpretation of satellite image with conditions in the study area. Remote sensing method is able to detect potential locations with mineral deposits occurrence that has certain characteristics that can affect a certain aspect of exploration activities, namely time efficiency. Remote sensing is an art and technique for obtaining information on an object, area or data analysis phenomenon acquired with a device without having to have direct contact with the object, area or phenomenon studied. In remote sensing, exploration activities play an important role in terms of isolating the potential of seed sediment based on remote sensing models. The use of remote sensing method can reduce exploration costs because it only focuses on detailed surface area of research that have more potential for the existence of minerals. By using this remote sensing method, we can determine specific area to explore, researching in detail in the shortest time possible. Mapping method for the mineralization geological exploration activities in the intended gold-bearing areas can utilize remote sensing data in the form of Landsat ETM satellite images. This method is expected to be able to produce accurate, valid and up-to-date data that makes it possible to create geological interpretation maps in a relatively short time (Rapid Mapping).
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19

Pan, Ziwu, Junjie Liu, Liqun Ma, et al. "Research on Hyperspectral Identification of Altered Minerals in Yemaquan West Gold Field, Xinjiang." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (2019): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020428.

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Predictions of prospectivity based on remote sensing were developed using alteration mineral indicative hyperspectral mapping and remote sensing anomaly filtering, combined with geological characteristics and anomalous mineral field verification. Based on the results of the hyperspectral mineral mapping and the actual geological ground conditions, the results of mapping of altered minerals, such as chlorite, muscovite, kaolinite, and iron oxide were validated, and gold, silver, copper, nickel, and other geochemical anomaly areas were identified for verification work. The results of hyperspectral mineral extraction show that the mineral assemblage closely related to gold deposits in shear zones is muscovite + chlorite + epidote + kaolinite. This alteration mineral assemblage can be used as regional search criteria for shear zone gold mineralisation and was the basis for the discovery of mineralised hydrothermal alteration centres and delineation of four prospective targets. Established on a spectral prospectivity model of the study area, prospective ore-bearing areas have been delineated, which indicate the direction for further geological and mineral resource surveys.
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20

Griffiths, P. S., P. A. S. Curtis, S. E. A. Fadul, and P. D. Scholes. "Reconnaissance geological mapping and mineral exploration in northern sudan using satellite remote sensing." Geological Journal 22, S2 (1987): 225–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.3350220617.

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21

Saraf, A. K., P. Mishra, S. Mitra, B. Sarma, and D. K. Mukhopadhyay. "Remote sensing and GIS technologies for improvements in geological structures interpretation and mapping." International Journal of Remote Sensing 23, no. 13 (2002): 2527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160110070311.

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22

Tripathi, M. K., H. Govil, P. K. Champati ray, and I. C. Das. "LANDSLIDE HAZARD ZONATION MAPPING OF CHAMOLI LANDSLIDES IN REMOTE SENSING AND GIS ENVIRONMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5 (November 19, 2018): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-475-2018.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Landslides are very common problem in hilly terrain. Chamoli region of Himalaya is highest sensitive zone of the landslide hazards. The purpose of Chamoli landslide study, to observe the important terrain factors and parameters responsible for landslide initiation. Lithological, geomorphological, slope, aspect, landslide, drainage density and lineament density map generated in remote sensing and GIS environment. Data information of related geological terrain obtain through topographic maps, remote sensing images, field visits and geological maps. Geodatabases of all thematic layers prepared through digitization of topographic map and satellite imageries (LISS-III, LISS-IV & ASTER DEM). Integrated all thematic layers applying information value method under GIS environment to map the zonation of landslide hazard zonation map validation and verification completed by field visit. The landslide hazard zonation map classified in four classes very high, high, medium and low.</p>
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23

Pour, A. B., M. Hashim, and Y. Park. "REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING IN THE GRAHAM LAND OF ANTARCTIC PENINSULA USING LANDSAT-8 REMOTE SENSING DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W5 (October 16, 2017): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w5-235-2017.

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Geological investigations in Antarctica confront many difficulties due to its remoteness and extreme environmental conditions. In this study, the applications of Landsat-8 data were investigated to extract geological information for lithological and alteration mineral mapping in poorly exposed lithologies in inaccessible domains such in Antarctica. The north-eastern Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula (AP) was selected in this study to conduct a satellite-based remote sensing mapping technique. Continuum Removal (CR) spectral mapping tool and Independent Components Analysis (ICA) were applied to Landsat-8 spectral bands to map poorly exposed lithologies at regional scale. Pixels composed of distinctive absorption features of alteration mineral assemblages associated with poorly exposed lithological units were detected by applying CR mapping tool to VNIR and SWIR bands of Landsat-8.Pixels related to Si-O bond emission minima features were identified using CR mapping tool to TIR bands in poorly mapped andunmapped zones in north-eastern Graham Land at regional scale. Anomaly pixels in the ICA image maps related to spectral featuresof Al-O-H, Fe, Mg-O-H and CO3 groups and well-constrained lithological attributions from felsic to mafic rocks were detectedusing VNIR, SWIR and TIR datasets of Landsat-8. The approach used in this study performed very well for lithological andalteration mineral mapping with little available geological data or without prior information of the study region.
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24

Nikolakopoulos, K. G., P. I. Tsombos, A. Photiades, K. Psonis, and A. Zervakou. "Using remote sensing multispectral data and GIS techniques for the geological mapping of Halki Island." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 3 (2016): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.10988.

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In this paper we present the combined use of remote sensing and GIS techniques for the geological mapping of Halki Island at 1/50.000 scale. The geological formations, geotectonic units and tectonic structures were recognized in situ and mapped. Interpretation of multispectral satellite images (Landsat TM & ETM and Terra ASTER) has been carried out in order to detect the linear or not structures of the study area. Different band ratio was also used in order to distinguish and map the limits of the different geotectonic units. The in situ mapping was enhanced with data derived from the digital processing of the satellite data. All the analogical and digital data were imported in a geodatabase specially designed for geological data. After the necessary topological control and corrections, the data were unified and processed in order to create the final map layout at 1/50.000 scale.
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Sang, Xuejia, Linfu Xue, Xiangjin Ran, Xiaoshun Li, Jiwen Liu, and Zeyu Liu. "Intelligent High-Resolution Geological Mapping Based on SLIC-CNN." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 2 (2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020099.

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High-resolution geological mapping is an important supporting condition for mineral and energy exploration. However, high-resolution geological mapping work still faces many problems. At present, high-resolution geological mapping is still generated by expert interpretation of survey lines, compasses, and field data. The work in the field is constrained by the weather, terrain, and personnel, and the working methods need to be improved. This paper proposes a new method for high-resolution mapping using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and deep learning algorithms. This method uses the UAV to collect high-resolution remote sensing images, cooperates with some groundwork to anchor the lithology, and then completes most of the mapping work on high-resolution remote sensing images. This method transfers a large amount of field work into the room and provides an automatic mapping process based on the Simple Linear Iterative Clustering-Convolutional Neural Network (SLIC-CNN) algorithm. It uses the convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify the image content and confirms the lithologic distribution, the simple linear iterative cluster (SLIC) algorithm can be used to outline the boundary of the rock mass and determine the contact interface of the rock mass, and the mode and expert decision method is used to clarify the results of the fusion and mapping. The mapping method was applied to the Taili waterfront in Xingcheng City, Liaoning Province, China. In this study, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the mapping method was 0.937. The Kappa test result was k = 0.8523, and a high-resolution geological map was obtained.
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Mwaniki, M. W., M. S. Moeller, and G. Schellmann. "A comparison of Landsat 8 (OLI) and Landsat 7 (ETM+) in mapping geology and visualising lineaments: A case study of central region Kenya." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 30, 2015): 897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-897-2015.

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Availability of multispectral remote sensing data cheaply and its higher spectral resolution compared to remote sensing data with higher spatial resolution has proved valuable for geological mapping exploitation and mineral mapping. This has benefited applications such as landslide quantification, fault pattern mapping, rock and lineament mapping especially with advanced remote sensing techniques and the use of short wave infrared bands. While Landsat and Aster data have been used to map geology in arid areas and band ratios suiting the application established, mapping in geology in highland regions has been challenging due to vegetation land cover. The aim of this study was to map geology and investigate bands suited for geological applications in a study area containing semi arid and highland characteristics. Therefore, Landsat 7 (ETM+, 2000) and Landsat 8 (OLI, 2014) were compared in determining suitable bands suited for geological mapping in the study area. The methodology consist performing principal component and factor loading analysis, IHS transformation and decorrelation stretch of the FCC with the highest contrast, band rationing and examining FCC with highest contrast, and then performing knowledge base classification. PCA factor loading analysis with emphasis on geological information showed band combination (5, 7, 3) for Landsat 7 and (6, 7, 4) for Landsat 8 had the highest contrast and more contrast was enhanced by performing decorrelation stretch. Band ratio combination (3/2, 5/1, 7/3) for Landsat 7 and (4/3, 6/2, 7/4) for Landsat 8 had more contrast on geologic information and formed the input data in knowledge base classification. Lineament visualisazion was achieved by performing IHS transformation of FCC with highest contrast and its saturation band combined as follows: Landsat 7 (IC1, PC2, saturation band), Landsat 8 (IC1, PC4, saturation band). The results were compared against existing geology maps and were superior and could be used to update the existing maps.
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Al-Nahmi, F., O. Saddiqi, A. Hilali, et al. "APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING IN GEOLOGICAL MAPPING, CASE STUDY Al MAGHRABAH AREA – HAJJAH REGION, YEMEN." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W4 (November 13, 2017): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w4-63-2017.

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Remote sensing technology plays an important role today in the geological survey, mapping, analysis and interpretation, which provides a unique opportunity to investigate the geological characteristics of the remote areas of the earth's surface without the need to gain access to an area on the ground. The aim of this study is achievement a geological map of the study area. The data utilizes is Sentinel-2 imagery, the processes used in this study, the OIF Optimum Index Factor is a statistic value that can be used to select the optimum combination of three bands in a satellite image. It’s based on the total variance within bands and correlation coefficient between bands, ICA Independent component analysis (3, 4, 6) is a statistical and computational technique for revealing hidden factors that underlie sets of random variables, measurements, or signals, MNF Minimum Noise Fraction (1, 2, 3) is used to determine the inherent dimensionality of image data to segregate noise in the data and to reduce the computational requirements for subsequent processing, Optimum Index Factor is a good method for choosing the best band for lithological mapping. ICA, MNF, also a practical way to extract the structural geology maps. The results in this paper indicate that, the studied area can be divided into four main geological units: Basement rocks (Meta volcanic, Meta sediments), Sedimentary rocks, Intrusive rocks, volcanic rocks. The method used in this study offers great potential for lithological mapping, by using Sentinel-2 imagery, the results were compared with existing geologic maps and were superior and could be used to update the existing maps.
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Titarenko, Olga. "Hydrocarbon deposit mapping validation by the means of ground-based spectrometry, remote sensing and geophysical data." Ukrainian journal of remote sensing, no. 21 (July 15, 2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36023/ujrs.2019.21.151.

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The probability estimation of oil and gas inside certain area is essential for decision making on the industrial exploitation of oil and gas bearing features. A quantitative assessment of the hydrocarbon contour mapping accuracy using ground-based spectrometric measurements, remote, geological and geophysical data requires a special validation procedure. Its purpose is to evaluate achieved accuracy and reliability as well as the conformance to specified requirements. The input data for validation of the hydrocarbon deposit contour by field spectrometry are the one points’ locations relative to the other contours detected by independent methods, such as remote, geological and geophysical. As the field spectrometry performed along spatial trace, the geometric drifts of other methods’ cross-points are estimated. The algorithm for the validation of hydrocarbon deposit contour mapping by field spectrometry, remote, geological and geophysical data is proposed in this paper. The algorithm was tested on over the Novotroitsky and East Rogintsy hydrocarbon deposits (Ukraine). Measurements along 14 spatial traces over the Novotroitsky’s deposit and 28 traces over the East Rogintsy’s one was carried out to perform validation. The average error probability was 0.28, which demonstrates an admissible reliability of hydrocarbon deposits contours’ mapping by field spectrometry data. The preliminary validation estimates engagement during the hydrocarbon deposits mapping provides the fact-based statistical consistency of the quantitative measurements received. In addition, it is possible to filter the outliers reasonable before final information product release, which will enhance the overall reliability.
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Beiranvand Pour, A., and M. Hashim. "REGIONAL GEOLGICAL MAPPING IN TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS USING LANDSAT TM AND SRTM REMOTE SENSING DATA." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-2/W2 (October 19, 2015): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-2-w2-93-2015.

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Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data were used to produce geological maps in tropical environments. Lineament, lithology and landform maps were produced for all states in peninsular Malaysia in this study. Kedah, Perak and Terengganu states have been selected as case studies to demonstrate the results of the data and techniques used. Directional filtering technique was applied to Landsat TM bands 4, 5 and 3 for lineament mapping. The lithology map was produced using Landsat TM bands combination consist of bands 4, 3 and 2. Digital elevation model and landform map were produced using SRTM data in 3 Dimension (3D) and 2 Dimension (2D) perspective views, respectively. The produced geological maps and the remote sensing data and methods applied in this study are mostly appropriate for hazard risk mapping applications and mineral exploration projects in the peninsular Malaysia and tropical environments.
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Ibrahim, Mohammed, Alexander Kotelnikov, Pavel Podolko, and Elena Kotelnikova. "Remote sensing data for Geological mapping and gold prospecting of Inteet area, northern Sudan." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125803009.

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The mineral exploration has improved in the last decades, today there are different methods of remote exploration, that are applied in mining industry worldwide, helping to discover ore minerals deposits in zones that have not access to them. The study area of this article is located about 400 km from Khartoum, characterized by low reliefs covered by sand and gravely sand. The study wants to carry out the geological mapping and the prospective zones using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Sudan is characterized by geological formations over inaccessible areas, in that way the remote sensing technique has a great value in these conditions, saving time and money. The used methodology has been divided into three phases: Pre-field office work, field work and post-field work. The processing of the satellite images includes color band composites, in order to obtain the lithological and geological features, the different types of rocks were defined by a different color. Obtaining the following rock types: High-grade gneisses and migmatites described to comprise the basement complex, ophiolitic mafic-ultramafic rocks that appear in the northern and southern sides of the area, metasediments that cover most of the study area, syn-orogenic intrusions that cut the older mafic-ultramafic units and the metavolcanosedimentary sequences, post-orogenic intrusions and gold mineralization. Based on the image analysis results of Landsat 8 OLI, 32 ore samples were collected to analysis gold and pathfinder elements obtaining high anomalies results for Au, Ag, Cu, Zn, Pb and Fe.
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Tofani, V., S. Segoni, A. Agostini, F. Catani, and N. Casagli. "Technical Note: Use of remote sensing for landslide studies in Europe." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 2 (2013): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-299-2013.

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Abstract. Within the framework of FP7, an EU-funded SafeLand project, a questionnaire was prepared to collect information about the use of remote sensing for landslide study and to evaluate its actual application in landslide detection, mapping and monitoring. The questionnaire was designed using a Google form and was disseminated among end-users and researchers involved in landslide studies in Europe. In total, 49 answers from 17 different European countries were collected. The outcomes showed that landslide detection and mapping is mainly performed with aerial photos, often associated with optical and radar imagery. Concerning landslide monitoring, satellite radars prevail over the other types of data. Remote sensing is mainly used for detection/mapping and monitoring of slides, flows and lateral spreads with a preferably large scale of analysis (1:5000–1:25 000). All the compilers integrate remote sensing data with other thematic data, mainly geological maps, landslide inventory maps and DTMs and derived maps. According to the research and working experience of the compilers, remote sensing is generally considered to have a medium effectiveness/reliability for landslide studies. The results of the questionnaire can contribute to an overall sketch of the use of remote sensing in current landslide studies and show that remote sensing can be considered a powerful and well-established instrument for landslide mapping, monitoring and hazard analysis.
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Fan, Yuhai, Yuiqing Wan, Hui Wang, et al. "Application of an airborne hyper-spectral survey system CASI/SASI in the gold-silver-lead-zinc ore district of Huaniushan, Gansu, China." Geologia Croatica 74, no. 1 (2021): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4154/gc.2021.04.

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The airborne hyper-spectral survey system CASI/SASI, which has an integrated system for gathering both image an spectral data, is at the cutting edge developments in the remote-sensing field. It can be used to directly identify surface objects based on diagnostic spectral characteristics. In this paper, the CASI/SASI were used in the Huaniushan gold-silver-lead-zinc ore district–Gansu to produce a lithologic map, identify altered minerals, and map the mineralized-alteration zones. Radiometric correction, radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction (spectral reconstruction), and geometric corrections were carried out in ENVI to pre-process the measured data. A FieldSpec ® Pro FR portable spectrometer was used to obtain the spectral signatures of all types of rock samples, ore deposits, and mineralized-alteration zones. We extracted and analyzed the spectral characteristics of typical alteration minerals. On the basis of hyper-spectral data, ground-spectral data processing, and comparative analysis of the measured image spectrum, we used the spectral-angle-mapping (SAM) and mixture-tuned matchedfiltering (MTMF) methods to perform hyperspectral-alteration mineral mapping of wall rock and mineralized-alteration-zone hyperspectral identification. Hyperspectral- remote- sensing geological- classification maps were produced as well as distribution maps of all kinds of alteration minerals and mineralized-alteration zones. Based on geological comprehensive analysis and field investigations, the range of mineral alteration was proven to be the same as shown by the remote-sensing imagery. Indications are that airborne hyperspectral- remote-sensing -image CASI/SASI offer good application results and show a promising potential as a tool in geological investigations. The results will provide the basis for hyperspectral remote-sensing prospecting in the same or similar unexplored areas.
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Launeau, Patrick, Christophe Sotin, and Jacques Girardeau. "Cartography of the Ronda peridotite (Spain) by hyperspectral remote sensing." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 173, no. 6 (2002): 491–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/173.6.491.

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Abstract The Ronda Peridotite, south of Andalusia (Spain), was imaged by AVIRIS in 1991 and partially sampled by us in the field with a GER 3700 spectrometer in 1997 in order to get experience in processing hyperpectral images of planetary surfaces with probes such as ISM Phobos (1989), OMEGA Mars Express (2003) and VIMS Cassini (2004). The high spectral resolution of the images (224 channels from 400 to 2455 nm) is necessary to conduct geological analysis with remote petrological determinations of rock types. On Earth, it is also necessary to determine species of vegetation because of their strong influence in mapping lithology, even in dry areas like the Ronda peridotite. The Ronda AVIRIS image was first processed to infer geological features using photo-interpretation of colour composite images extracted from 150 useful channels compared to geological maps and checked on the field during the campaign of July 97. This allows us to distinguish easily the peridotite massif from its surrounding rocks and its own serpentine zoning. Since this work followed the work of Chabrillat et al. [2000] we chose to explore the AVIRIS data with other techniques. We chose to remove the contribution of the atmosphere with spectra collected in the field on a white target at various altitudes and to remove the main vegetation with spectra of the most characteristic vegetation of the peridotite. In both cases we first estimated the amount of atmosphere and vegetation with band ratios and remove them with two similar empiric corrections of the reflectance. From the spectroscopy data, after removal of the atmosphere and some vegetation signal, we were able to clearly distinguish the crustal rocks from the mantle ones, as well as compositional variations due to pyroxene and mostly serpentine abundance within the peridotites. Hyperspectral infrared spectrometry will provide good geological mapping of the main rocks on planetary surfaces, if images can also be calibrated with in situ field measurements which will not miss any unexpected component. However, some ambiguities remain between certain types of rock which have close mineralogical composition (e.g. harzburgite compared to lherzolite) or which have resulting spectra very similar to each other (plagioclase and lizardite in peridotites). Some other ambiguities between spectra are also introduced by techniques of analysis based on relative reflectance. By not taking into account absolute intensity of the reflectance, because of roughness and topographic shading effects, small mineral variations are not always visible.
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Mohammadizad, Reza, and Ramin Arfania. "Advanced Investigation of Remote Sensing to Geological Mapping of Zefreh Region in Central Iran." Open Journal of Geology 07, no. 10 (2017): 1509–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2017.710101.

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35

Pour, A. B., Y. Park, M. Hashim, and J. K. Hong. "Regional geological mapping in Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica using multispectral remote sensing satellite data." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 169 (July 31, 2018): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/169/1/012081.

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36

ALWASH, M. A., and J. ZILGER. "Remote sensing-based geological mapping of the area west of Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (1994): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431169408954057.

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37

Almalki, Khalid A., Rashad A. Bantan, Hasham I. Hashem, Oumar A. Loni, and Moustafa A. Ali. "Improving geological mapping of the Farasan Islands using remote sensing and ground-truth data." Journal of Maps 13, no. 2 (2017): 900–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2017.1401492.

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38

Hansman, Reuben J., and Uwe Ring. "Workflow: From photo-based 3-D reconstruction of remotely piloted aircraft images to a 3-D geological model." Geosphere 15, no. 4 (2019): 1393–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02031.1.

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AbstractGeological field mapping is a vital first step in understanding geological processes. During the 20th century, mapping was revolutionized through advances in remote sensing technology. With the recent availability of low-cost remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), field geologists now routinely carry out aerial imaging without the need to use satellite, helicopter, or airplane systems. RPA photographs are processed by photo-based three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction software, which uses structure-from-motion and multi-view stereo algorithms to create an ultra-high-resolution, 3-D point cloud of a region or target outcrop. These point clouds are analyzed to extract the orientation of geological structures and strata, and are also used to create digital elevation models and photorealistic 3-D models. However, this technique has only recently been used for structural mapping. Here, we outline a workflow starting with RPA data acquisition, followed by photo-based 3-D reconstruction, and ending with a 3-D geological model. The Jabal Hafit anticline in the United Arab Emirates was selected to demonstrate this workflow. At this anticline, outcrop exposure is excellent and the terrain is challenging to navigate due to areas of high relief. This makes for an ideal RPA mapping site and provides a good indication of how practical this method may be for the field geologist. Results confirm that RPA photo-based 3-D reconstruction mapping is an accurate and cost-efficient remote sensing method for geological mapping.
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39

Sabah Jaber, Hussein, and . "Classification of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Production Minerals Mapping Using Geological Map and Geomatics Techniques." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.20 (2018): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.20.26247.

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The classification of hyperspectral images is an interesting job since the data dimension is huge for conventional classification procedures; normally several hundreds of spectral bands are attained for each image. These spectral bands can supported very rich spectral data of each pixel to find objects material .The objective of this research is to classify hyperspectral images for detection and production of detailed minerals mapping using geological map and Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) software. In this research, ASTER data and geological map have been used. Some techniques on these data are used such as enhancement, matching (linking), De-correlation, Band Ratio, stacking image and classification. The results showed that comparison of the two classification results showed the classification of stack image with the aspect and the slope provide more information than classification of ASTER image alone. Also, using ENVI software to generate 3D surface views.It concluded that capability of hyperspectral and its differentiation with multispectral data to extract detailed features from ASTER image.
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40

Thyrsted, T. "Remote sensing - a new tool in exploration geology." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 128 (December 31, 1986): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v128.7930.

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Remote sensing techniques have been applied to mineral exploration in areas of South and East Greenland. The data consist of airborne and satellite-borne (Landsat) multispectral scanner images and geochemical and geophysical measurements interpolated into grid format and registered on the Landsat images. The main image processing methods applied include ratioing, principal component transformation/factor analysis and classification. In addition, visual and subsequent statistical analyses of lineaments were carried out on images from South Greenland. The results of the work include mapping of several hundred spectral anomalies which represent oxidation zones on the ground. The lineament analysis resulted in definition of major linear zones with increased lineament intensities; some of these zones may have geological significance. Supervised classification was carried out on an integrated data set consisting of images and geochemical/geophysical data. The training areas mainly included uranium showings, and the classified image depicts both previously known occurrences and a new area which is statistically similar to the training areas.
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41

Nikolakopoulos, G. K., D. A. Vaiopoulos, and G. A. Skianis. "A preliminary approach on the use of satellite hyperspectral data for geological mapping." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 4 (2007): 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17251.

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During the last decades remote sensing imagery has contributed significantly to mineral exploration. Motivated by the increasing importance of hyperspectral remote sensing, this study investigates the potential of the current-generation satellite hyperspectral data for geological mapping. A narrow-band Hyperion image, acquired in summer 2001, was used. The study area is situated at Milos island. Two different approaches were used for the reduction of the Hyperion bands. First, on the basis of histogram statistics the uncalibrated bands were selected and removed. Then the Minimum Noise Fraction was used to classify the bands according to their signal to noise ratio. The noisiest bands were removed and sixty bands were selected for further processing. In order to make meaningful comparisons between image spectra and laboratory reflectance spetra, the image radiance values must be corrected (calibrated) to reflectance by removing the atmospheric effects. Atmospheric corrections techniques were applied to the selected Hyperion bands. The comparison of the Hyperion hyperspectral data with the JPL spectral library gave quite encouraging results. Further processing of the data has to be done using the image analysis algorithms that have been developed specifically to exploit the extensive information contained in hyperspectral imagery.
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42

Kim, Han-Saem, Chang-Guk Sun, Mingi Kim, Hyung-Ik Cho, and Moon-Gyo Lee. "GIS-Based Optimum Geospatial Characterization for Seismic Site Effect Assessment in an Inland Urban Area, South Korea." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (2020): 7443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217443.

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Soil and rock characteristics are primarily affected by geological, geotechnical, and terrain variation with spatial uncertainty. Earthquake-induced hazards are also strongly influenced by site-specific seismic site effects associated with subsurface strata and soil stiffness. For reliable mapping of soil and seismic zonation, qualification and normalization of spatial uncertainties is required; this can be achieved by interactive refinement of a geospatial database with remote sensing-based and geotechnical information. In this study, geotechnical spatial information and zonation were developed while verifying database integrity, spatial clustering, optimization of geospatial interpolation, and mapping site response characteristics. This framework was applied to Daejeon, South Korea, to consider spatially biased terrain, geological, and geotechnical properties in an inland urban area. For developing the spatially best-matched geometry with remote sensing data at high spatial resolution, the hybrid model blended with two outlier detection methods was proposed and applied for geotechnical datasets. A multiscale grid subdivided by hot spot-based clusters was generated using the optimized geospatial interpolation model. A principal component analysis-based unified zonation map identified vulnerable districts in the central old downtown area based on the integration of the optimized geoprocessing framework. Performance of the geospatial mapping and seismic zonation was discussed with digital elevation model, geological map.
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43

Xie, B. S., S. Y. Zhou, and L. X. Wu. "AN INTEGRATED MINERAL SPECTRAL LIBRARY USING SHARED DATA FOR HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING AND GEOLOGICAL MAPPING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B5-2020 (August 24, 2020): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b5-2020-69-2020.

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Abstract. Mineral spectral library (MSL) is the foundation of hyperspectral remote sensing, and a significant tool of storing and managing massive mineral spectral data to facilitate the matching or identifying of unknown rocks and minerals conveniently and fast. However, mineral spectral data are scattered and stored in different spectral libraries worldwide, which behave different spectral resolutions, mineral categories and measurement parameters, and hinder its application in field investigation, mineral identification, landcover identification and geological mapping. An integrated MSL using shared data is developed currently in Central South University, China, to improve the properties of MSL. We collected the shared spectral data and related information (e.g., mineral attribute data, spectrometer information, etc.) worldwide, performed data cleaning measures to retain the qualified spectral data and consolidated all the data in a common framework so as to establish a reliable and comprehensive dataset, and developed an integrated MSL for data management and diversified applications. The user can analysis the target spectrum with the spectrum absorption characteristic parameters, and match the measured spectral curve with the reference spectrum in the integrated MSL to find the most similar spectrum curve. It’s crucial to note that a new spectrum classifier was designed to limit the scope of matching for improving the efficiency of identification when the experimental sample lacks the specific information. The integrated MSL is developed in B/S and C/S website environments. A demonstration of functions of the integrated MSL and its preliminary applications are introduced in the article.
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44

MALTHUS, TIM. "A Review of: “Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems—Geological Mapping, Mineral Exploration and Mining”." International journal of geographical information systems 10, no. 3 (1996): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02693799608907247.

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45

Thurmond, Allison K., Mohamed G. Abdelsalam, and John B. Thurmond. "Optical-radar-DEM remote sensing data integration for geological mapping in the Afar Depression, Ethiopia." Journal of African Earth Sciences 44, no. 2 (2006): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.10.006.

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46

Peña, Sherrie A., and Mohamed G. Abdelsalam. "Orbital remote sensing for geological mapping in southern Tunisia: Implication for oil and gas exploration." Journal of African Earth Sciences 44, no. 2 (2006): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.10.011.

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47

Beiranvand Pour, Amin, and Mazlan Hashim. "APPLICATION OF PALSAR-2 REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR LANDSLIDE HAZARD MAPPING IN KELANTAN RIVER BASIN, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-413-2016.

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Yearly, several landslides ensued during heavy monsoons rainfall in Kelantan river basin, peninsular Malaysia, which are obviously connected to geological structures and topographical features of the region. In this study, the recently launched Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 (PALSAR-2) onboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2), remote sensing data were used to map geological structural and topographical features in the Kelantan river basin for identification of high potential risk and susceptible zones for landslides. Adaptive Local Sigma filter was selected and applied to accomplish speckle reduction and preserving both edges and features in PALSAR-2 fine mode observation images. Different polarization images were integrated to enhance geological structures. Additionally, directional filters were applied to the PALSAR-2 Local Sigma resultant image for edge enhancement and detailed identification of linear features. Several faults, drainage patterns and lithological contact layers were identified at regional scale. In order to assess the results, fieldwork and GPS survey were conducted in the landslide affected zones in the Kelantan river basin. Results demonstrate the most of the landslides were associated with N-S, NNW-SSE and NE-SW trending faults, angulated drainage pattern and metamorphic and Quaternary units. Consequently, structural and topographical geology maps were produced for Kelantan river basin using PALSAR-2 data, which could be broadly applicable for landslide hazard mapping.
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48

Beiranvand Pour, Amin, and Mazlan Hashim. "APPLICATION OF PALSAR-2 REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR LANDSLIDE HAZARD MAPPING IN KELANTAN RIVER BASIN, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-413-2016.

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Yearly, several landslides ensued during heavy monsoons rainfall in Kelantan river basin, peninsular Malaysia, which are obviously connected to geological structures and topographical features of the region. In this study, the recently launched Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 (PALSAR-2) onboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2), remote sensing data were used to map geological structural and topographical features in the Kelantan river basin for identification of high potential risk and susceptible zones for landslides. Adaptive Local Sigma filter was selected and applied to accomplish speckle reduction and preserving both edges and features in PALSAR-2 fine mode observation images. Different polarization images were integrated to enhance geological structures. Additionally, directional filters were applied to the PALSAR-2 Local Sigma resultant image for edge enhancement and detailed identification of linear features. Several faults, drainage patterns and lithological contact layers were identified at regional scale. In order to assess the results, fieldwork and GPS survey were conducted in the landslide affected zones in the Kelantan river basin. Results demonstrate the most of the landslides were associated with N-S, NNW-SSE and NE-SW trending faults, angulated drainage pattern and metamorphic and Quaternary units. Consequently, structural and topographical geology maps were produced for Kelantan river basin using PALSAR-2 data, which could be broadly applicable for landslide hazard mapping.
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49

Haselwimmer, C. E., T. R. Riley, and J. G. Liu. "Assessing the potential of multispectral remote sensing for lithological mapping on the Antarctic Peninsula: case study from eastern Adelaide Island, Graham Land." Antarctic Science 22, no. 3 (2010): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102010000015.

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AbstractThe results of lithological mapping using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data for the Wright Peninsula region of Adelaide Island, Antarctic Peninsula are compared with existing geological maps and recent field observations to assess the potential of multispectral remote sensing to undertake lithological mapping on the Antarctic Peninsula. The Wright Peninsula comprises calc-alkaline intrusive rocks ranging from granite to gabbro, volcanic rocks of acidic to intermediate composition, and arc-related sediments. The reflective and thermal bands of a single ASTER image were analysed with reference to reflectance spectra of rock samples from the study area. Assessment of the ASTER mapping outcomes was undertaken with a newly compiled geological map of Adelaide Island and observations made during recent fieldwork. The results demonstrate that ASTER can uniquely discriminate granitoid intrusive rocks and altered rhyolitic volcanic rocks that display distinctive spectral properties. The results are more ambiguous at discriminating more intermediate/mafic rocks such as diorite/gabbro, andesite/basalt and chlorite-bearing sediments due to the similarity in spectral properties. These results demonstrate that although ASTER data are limited in their ability to uniquely discriminate lithologies they can provide important lithological information in support of geological mapping on the Antarctic Peninsula.
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Ombiro, Sammy O., Akinade S. Olatunji, Eliud M. Mathu, and Taiwo R. Ajayi. "Integration of geophysics and remote sensing techniques in mapping zones mineralised with disseminated gold and sulphide minerals in Lolgorien, Narok County, Kenya." Tanzania Journal of Science 47, no. 2 (2021): 754–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v47i2.31.

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Even though ground geophysical surveys (especially Induced polarization and resistivity) are applied in mineral exploration, their effectiveness in identification of mineralised zones is often enhanced by integrating other mineral exploration techniques such as remote sensing and geological investigations. Integrating different techniques helps in reducing uncertainty that is often associated with mineral exploration. The methods being integrated also depend on characteristics of mineralisation and those of host rock. In this study, geophysical survey methods (induced polarization and resistivity) were integrated with remote sensing and geological methods to delineate mineralised zones in Lolgorien beyond reasonable doubt. By integrating these methods, it was found that Lolgorien’s gold and sulphide minerals (disseminated minerals) are hosted in massive quartz veins and auriferous quartz veins hosted in Banded Iron Formations. It was also found that this mineralisation was controlled by faults which mainly trend in two directions (NW-SE) and (NE-SW).
 Keywords: hydrothermal alteration, chargeability, resistivity, band ratio, lineament density
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