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1
Akkok, Inci. "Geological Mapping Using Remote Sensing Technologies." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610626/index.pdf.
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In an area of interest- Sivas Basin, Turkey- where most of the units are sedimentary and show similar spectral characteristics, spectral settings of ASTER sensor may not be enough by itself. Therefore, considering other aspects, such as morphological variables, is reasonable in addition to spectral classifiers. The main objective of this study is to test usefulness of integration of spectral analysis and morphological information for geological mapping. Remotely sensed imagery obtained from ASTER sensor is used to classify different lithological units while DEM is used to characterize landforms related to these lithological units.
Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) is used to integrate data streaming from different sources. The methodology involves integrating the surface properties of the classified geological units in addition to the spectral reflectances. Seven different classification trials were conducted: : 1. MLC using only nine ASTER bands, 2. MLC using ASTER bands and DEM, 3. MLC using ASTER bands and slope, 4. MLC using ASTER bands and plan curvature, 5. MLC using ASTER bands and profile curvature, 6. MLC using ASTER bands and drainage density and finally 7. MLC using ASTER bands and all ancillary data.
The results revealed that integrating topographical parameters aid in improvement of classification where spectral information is not sufficient to discriminate between classes of interest. An increase of more than 5% is observed in overall accuracy for the all ancillary data integration case. Moreover more than 10% improvement for most of the classes was identified. However from the results it is evident that the areal extent of the classified units causes constraints on application of the methodology.
2
Shearer, Andrew. "The application of ground based and airborne radiometric methods to aid geological mapping in the Olary Province, South Australia /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbs539.pdf.
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Nygren, Michelle. "Geological Mapping of the Glenurquhart Complex near Loch Ness, Scotland." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131062.
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Giacomini, Lorenza. "GEOLOGICAL MAPPING AND ANALYSIS OF DAEDALIA PLANUM LAVA FIELD (MARS)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422244.
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Volcanism is the most important rock-forming processes of the planetary surfaces and represents one of the main clues to investigate the chemical composition of the interior and the thermal history of a planet.
Our study has been focused on the Daedalia Planum volcanic region, located to south-west of Arsia Mons, where some of the longest lava flows on Mars were emplaced. THEMIS, MOC and HiRISE images were analyzed in order to perform a stratigraphic and morphological analysis of the area and realize a Daedalia Planum geological map where different flow units are represented.
Several features observed on the flow surface have been interpreted as related to inflation processes on the basis of several similarities with the morfologies of the inflated terrestrial Payen Matru flows (Argentina). This suggests that inflation process is quite common for the Daedalia Planum field, implying that the inflation emplacement mechanism on Martian flows could be more frequent than previously supposed and, consequently, effusion rates and rheological properties of Martian lavas more variable.
In addition, a comparative study performed between the mounds detected on Daedalia Planum and Elysium Planitia regions seems to further confirm the tumuli nature of the Daedalia Planum features and thus the presence of inflated flows in this volcanic field.
The OMEGA data reveal that Daedalia Planum lavas have a spectral response coherent with a basaltic composition. In addition the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classification obtained from the OMEGA data highlights that the flows are characterized by distinctive spectral responses, which should depend on non-compositional factors, like different surface textures of flows but also different mineralogy or rock texture, such as the presence of glass, crystal size or crystal isoorientation.Il vulcanismo è uno dei più importanti processi che interessano la superficie di un pianeta e rappresenta una delle chiavi per investigare la composizione chimica del suo interno nonché la sua storia termica. Il nostro studio si è focalizzato sul campo vulcanico di Daedalia Planum, a sud ovest di Arsia Mons, dove si trovano alcune delle più lunghe colate conosciute su Marte. Varie immagini di THEMIS, MOC e HiRISE sono state analizzate con l'obiettivo di studiare questa regione sia dal punto di vista stratigrafico che morfologico e di creare una mappa geologica della regione. Da questa analisi sono state individuate varie forme interpretate come collegate al processo di inflation e il confronto con le colate inflate terrestri del Payen (Argentina) sembrano confermare tale ipotesi. Ciò suggerisce che l’inflation è piuttosto comune nel capo lavico di Daedalia Planum e che, in generale, questo processo interessi più colate di Marte di quanto supposto finora. Di conseguenza i tassi di eruzione e le proprietà reologiche delle lave su Marte potrebbero essere molto più variabili. Uno studio comparativo tra le forme a cupola individuate su Daedalia Planum ed Elysium Planitia confermerebbe ulteriormente che su Daedalia Planum vi è effettivamente la presenza di tumuli e, quindi, di colate laviche inflate. Infine, prendendo in considerazione i dati OMEGA della regione, si è appurato che le lave presenti su Daedalia Planum hanno una risposta spettrale coerente con una composizione basaltica. Le classificazioni SAM ottenute da dati OMEGA evidenziano, inoltre, come le colate della regione siano effettivamente caratterizzate da distinte risposte spettrali, verosimilmente attribuibili a fattori non composizionali quali la diversa tessitura superficiale o la differente mineralogia e tessitura della roccia, come la presenza di vetro, la dimensione dei cristalli o la loro isoorientazione.
5
Wilson, Kenneth T. "Shoreface mapping and sand resource inventory North Topsail Beach and Surf City, North Carolina /." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-1/willsonk/kennethwillson.pdf.
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Ho, Chiu-shek. "Stereographic projection and mapping of engineering geology case study near Jordan Valley, Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38848673.
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McCracken, Janet Rae. "Phenomenographic instructional design : case studies in geological mapping and materials science." Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270015.
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McCracken, Janet. "Phenomenographic instructional design : case studies in geological mapping and materials science." n.p, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Guerrero, Francisco Jesus. "Death Valley reconstruction new piercingpoints in the Panamint Mountains and Resting Springs Range /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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10
Bargel, Terje H. "Quaternary geological Mapping of Fennoscandia and Nordland : Deglaciation, Deposits, Stratigraphy and Applications." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1803.
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Quaternary geological mapping is performed by geological surveys in most countries. At the Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), mapping of the surficial deposits has been one of the main tasks from the establishment of the institution in 1858, in the beginning mainly as an aid for agriculture and forestry. During recent decades, society's needs for information on the Quaternary deposits has increased, particularly within the fields of environment and health, physical planning, economy and supply of natural resources.
Geological mapping is not looked upon as a science by everyone, but its results have often proved to be valuable in a scientific context as the extensive database the maps represent give valuable information, useful in, e.g. the study of regional trends. Geological mapping can, however, be regarded as a journey of discovery, which is the basis for most scientific research on the development of the earth's crust and which provides a framework with which all laboratory-based research must be compatible.
Much detail information is also recorded (analog or digital), for example the location of exposed sections in distant areas and details beyond the reach of aerial photo interpretation, e.g. in heavily forested areas or of objects too small to be identified on aerial photos or maps. In addition, much sedimentological and stratigraphical work has to be performed during the fieldwork in order to understand the genesis of the deposits. Creation of geological models of the areas is an important part of the mapping activity that is necessary for attainment of an understanding of the Quaternary geological history on a regional scale.
What could be criticized is the fact that the many mapping geologists involved have not used, or have had the opportunity to use, the enormous data at hand to do more science and to tell the layman what the results of the geological mapping mean.
This thesis is a contribution to understanding of the Quaternary geology of Central Fennoscandia with special emphasis on the Nordland area. The thesis has the following aims:
A. To compile four Quaternary geological maps of Central Fennoscandia (showing surficial deposits, geomorphology and paleohydrography, ice flow indicators and stratigraphy) and a Quaternary geological map of the surficial deposits of Nordland.
B. To create a link between the Quaternary geological maps, applications of the map-data and studies of Quaternary geological history (Part I).
C. To present a coordinated description of the five Quaternary geological maps and compile a review of the Late Weichselian and Early Holocene deglaciation history of the mapped area (Part II).
D. To identify areas for in-depth investigation of the deglaciation and to perform these studies (Part III).
A. COMPILATION OF QUATERNARY GEOLOGICAL MAPS
This thesis is based on the data included in five maps of Quaternary Geology (Fig. A1):
1. Quaternary Deposits of Central Fennoscandia (scale 1:1,000,000) (Fig. A2)
2. Glacial Geomorphology and Palaeohydrography of Central Fennoscandia (scale 1:1,000,000) (Fig. A3)
3. Ice-flow Indicators of Central Fennoscandia (scale 1:1,000,000) (Fig. A4)
4. Quaternary Stratigraphy of Central Fennoscandia (scale 1:2,000,000) (Fig. A4)
5. Quaternary Deposits in Nordland County (scale 1:400,000) (Fig. A5)
Due to copyright enclosures 1-5 are not included in the online version of this thesis, neither is the CD-ROM referred to in page 14.
11
DeKemp, Eric Anthony. "Three-dimensional integration and visualization of structural field data : tools for regional subsurface mapping = Integration et visualisation 3-D de données structurales de terrain : outils pour la cartographie géologique régionale /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2000. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Juhari, bin Mat Akhir. "Digital processing of satellite images for geological applications with examples from North-East Scotland and North-West Malaysia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1806.
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This study describes the use of Landsat MSS and TM for geological applications in two Scottish areas: Lochindorb and Loch Tuel; and one Malaysian area: Kedah-Perak. The areas are poorly exposed and highly vegetated. The data were digitally processed with the objective of producing more interpretable images. The processes include contrast enhancement, ratioing, subtraction, principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, filtering, the combination of images as colour composites, and producing negative images of the data. Geological interpretation of the most informative images was undertaken by visual interpretation. In the Lochindorb area, Landsat MSS imagery did not prove useful for superficial deposits mapping, and the resolution offers by the TM is still not sufficient for semi-detailed mapping at scale 1: 50,000. The combination of TM imagery and aerial photographs, however, made the mapping task easier and produced "better" map. In the Kedah-Perak area, textural information is more important than spectral information for lithological interpretation and many image units correlate well with major mapped rocks. Lineaments are well expressed on Landsat imagery and are mapped for the Loch Tummel and Kedäh-Perak areas. The lineament maps for both areas confirm many mapped faults and reveal a new prominent lineaments (probably faults). For the Loch Tummel area, the relative merits of TM versus MSS data were examined. Both produced similar results regarding major lineament orientations, but the TM provides a good improvement over the MSS in the ability to map lineaments. For both areas, lineaments appear to be correlated with geomorphology (lithology), and with the occurrence of ore deposits and probably geologic structure for the Kedah-Perak area. Landsat imagery can be used to aid lithological mapping in Malaysia, but has not proved useful for Scotland (U. K. ) because of different objectives and constraints. However, Landsat imagery is an effective tool in mapping lineaments for both areas.
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Van, Zyl Frederik Wilhelm. "Geological mapping of the inner shelf off Cape Town's Atlantic Seaboard, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29676.
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The Atlantic Seaboard is an 18 km stretch of coastline located on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, roughly between the Cape Town suburbs of Mouille Point in the north and Hout Bay in the south. It borders heavy shipping traffic and contains a mix of urban and natural environments including up-market seaside neighbourhoods and is part of the Table Mountain National Park. The predominantly rocky coastline has a northeast–southwest orientation with interspersed sandy pocket beaches. A narrow, low-lying coastal plain (marine terrace) in the north merges with coastal cliffs further south. The geomorphology and sedimentology of the coast are closely linked to the underlying geology, influencing the shape of coastal embayments and promontories, as well as the composition and distribution of sediment. Hydrographic, geophysical and sedimentological techniques were used to collect high-resolution bathymetry, seafloor geology and sediment distribution data to better understand modern coastal processes. The results indicate a low-relief seafloor consisting of Malmesbury Group rocks in the north. To the south the seafloor consists of high-relief Cape Granite reefs interspersed with fine to medium grain sand and bioclastic (shelly) gravel. Sediment transport is generally northward by longshore drift. In the south, the high-relief granite reef and headlands form sediment traps resulting in several large pocket beaches and offshore sediment deposits. In the north, the low-relief Malmesbury bedrock is largely free of sediment, except within narrow erosional gullies. Most sediment rapidly passes through to the north resulting in a sediment-starved rocky seafloor. The three principal sources of beach sand are aeolian fine sand transported by the Karbonkelberg headlands bypass dune entering the sea at Sandy Bay, biogenic carbonate production along the coast, and weathering of Table Mountain Group sandstone and granite bedrock. A fourth source is sediment entering the system via longshore drift from the south of Duiker Point. The water depth around the Duiker Point headland is presently too deep for sediment to be transported easily through longshore drift, other than during large storm events, but during past sea-level low stands this would have played an important part in supplying sediment to the coast. Changes in sea level play an important part in shaping the geomorphology of the coastline. Beach deposits, both sandy and boulder beaches have been left at various elevations along the coast, both offshore and onshore. Although today the Sea Point area is protected by sea walls and man-made structures, a higher sea level was responsible for shaping the narrow coastal plain. Increasing rates of global sea-level change are becoming an important issue all over the world and the Atlantic Seaboard coast is not immune to the effects of sea-level rise. The frequency and magnitude of storm events that breach the sea defences erode beaches and sea cliffs and cause damage to private and public property are likely to increase in the future
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Fidler, Michael L. Jr. "Magnetic Mapping of Vertically Offset Deep Basement Faults and Evidence of Tectonic Control over Surface Topography in Northwestern and Western Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1394720424.
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Opiyo-Akech, Norbert. "Geology and geochemistry of the late Archaean greenstone associations, Maseno area, Kenya." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35080.
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The greenstone belt of Kenya is an extension of what is commonly referred to as the Tanganyika "Shield". The two supracrustal sequences recognized in Kenya are the Nyanzian and the Kavirondian. The rocks found in these sequences are diverse, with dominant volcanics in the Nyanzian, whereas the Kavirondian is predominantly sedimentary. The Nyanzian lavas represent a diverse range from basalts and basaltic andesites, through andesites and dacites to rhyolites. From geochemical studies the basalts and basaltic andesites are tholeiitic, whereas the andesites, dacites and rhyolites are calc-alkaline. The sedimentary sequence ranges from mudstone, through shales, sandstones and grits to conglomerates. The plutonic rocks range in composition from gabbro to true granites, but tonalite is the dominant rock type. The chemical differences between the tholeiitic basalts and the calc-alkaline andesitic to rhyolitic sequences suggests that these volcanic suites are derived from different sources and/or through different processes. The granitoids have close chemical similarities with the silicic volcanics. From the geochemical and field relationships, the Nyanzian and Kavirondian sequences are considered to have developed on a continental segment which had not yet attained full stability. The model employed for the generation of these volcanics considers the basalts to have been generated in a region undergoing extension, similar to that of a modern back-arc environment, whereas the calc-alkaline sequences, including the granitoids, are broadly comparable with those found in present day continental arc environments.
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Martins, Sabrina Cristina [UNESP]. "Caracterização geoambiental como subsídio ao planejamento urbano e turístico em Amparo (SP)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92808.
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martins_sc_me_rcla.pdf: 2787932 bytes, checksum: 85a1041bda901935df0d5bad315656bb (MD5)Esta dissertação objetivou principalmente a elaboração de um mapa de unidades geoambientais, ou seja, um produto cartográfico onde os elementos do meio físico são estudados a partir da análise integrada para a determinação de potencialidades e limitações dos terrenos. O mapeamento geoambiental aliado à cartografia geotécnica fornece informações fundamentais sobre o meio físico, o que é essencial para subsidiar instrumentos de gestão pública, na definição do uso adequado de áreas naturais, como os pontos turísticos. A área estudada compreende uma porção de 220 km² da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Camanducaia, no município de Amparo, que foi escolhido pela sua condição de Estância Hidromineral localizada em área serrana e com isso abrigar áreas de intensa atividade turística. A partir da interpretação de fotografias aéreas e compartimentação fisiográfica foram delimitadas zonas geoambientais, balizadas pelos estudos regionais de geomorfologia e geologia. Com a elaboração de mapas preliminares (Declividades, Hipsométrico e Modelo de elevação de terreno) foi possível compreender as variações altimétricas, além da morfologia do relevo. O produto final, o Mapa de Unidades Geoambientais, apresenta a área dividida em sete unidades: 1) planícies aluviais, 2) rampas colúvio-eluviais, 3) migmatitos em relevo de morrotes e morros, 4) gnaisses e migmatitos em relevo de morros, 5) gnaisses e migmatitos em topos de morros, 6) quartzitos em relevo montanhoso e 7) depósito de tálus e colúvio em sopé de montanha. Todas as unidades foram caracterizadas detalhadamente e descritas suas limitações e potencialidades à ocupação urbana e desenvolvimento do turismo no município
The main objective of this study was to generate a map of geo-environmental units, ie, a cartographic product in which the elements of the physical environment are studied based on integrated analysis to determine capabilities and limitations of the land. Geoenvironmental mapping combined with geotechnical cartography provides key information on the physical environment, which is essential to support public management tools in defining the appropriate use of natural areas such as tourist places. The study area covers a portion of 220 km ² of Camanducaia River Basin in Amparo, São Paulo State, which was chosen for its condition hydromineral spa located in mountainous area and thereby comprise areas of intense tourist activity. From the interpretation of aerial photographs and compartmentalization of physiographic zones were delimited geoenvironmental, buoyed by regional studies of geomorphology and geology. On the development of preliminary maps (slope, hypsometric and elevation terrain model) it was possible to understand the altimetric variations, and the morphology of the relief. As result, it was obtained an Unit Geoenvironmental Map, that presents the area divided into seven units: 1) floodplains, 2) eluvial-colluvial slopes, 3) migmatites in relief and hillock hills, 4) gneisses and migmatites in relief of hills, 5) gneisses and migmatites on the tops of hills, 6) in quartzite mountainous and 7) deposit of talus and colluvium at the base of the mountain. All units were characterized in detail and its limitations and potential urban to settlement was described
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Tinós, Thaís Minatel [UNESP]. "Mapeamento geológico-geotécnico a partir de metodologia de análise integrada: ensaio de aplicação no município de Poços de Caldas - MG." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92752.
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tinos_tm_me_rcla.pdf: 5695071 bytes, checksum: 73966c119954aa9e5c17bad30f038d2d (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O mapeamento geológico-geotécnico é um instrumento fundamental para o planejamento e gestão do meio físico, fornecendo as informações essenciais para a tomada de decisão. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a elaboração de um mapa geológico-geotécnico das principais áreas urbanas e de expansão do município de Poços de Caldas - MG. A metodologia empregada focou a análise integrada dos elementos do meio físico a partir do uso de fotografias aéreas e trabalhos de campo, para a compartimentação fisiográfica de unidades do terreno. A etapa seguinte foi a caracterização geotécnica de cada unidade e uma avaliação de adequabilidade quanto ao uso urbano. Como produtos finais são apresentados um mapa geológico-geotécnico da área, um perfil de cada unidade, além de suas principais características e processos geológicos ocorrentes. Tais elementos são instrumentos essenciais para o planejamento urbano e territorial do município
The geological-geotechnical mapping is a fundamental tool for planning and managing the physical environ, providing essential information for decision making. This study aimed to development a geological-geotechnical map of Poços de Caldas major urban areas and expansion. The methodology focused on the integrative analysis of the physical environ and the use of air photographs to section the area by physiographical features. The next step was the geotechnical characterization of each unit and an assessment of their capabilities and limitations as to urban use. As a final products are presented a geological-geotechnical map of the area, a profile of each unit, besides its main characteristics and geological processes occurring. These elements are essential tools for urban and territory planning of the municipality
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Barongo, Justus Obiko. "Application of transient airborne electromagnetic and ground resistivity methods to geological mapping in tropical terrains." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75983.
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The feasibility of using time-domain airborne electromagnetic and ground resistivity methods in geological mapping in tropical terrains is investigated. The investigation is based upon evaluation of the linear inverse theory in the determination of physical parameters of the weathered layer necessary for interpretation of underlying lithology.Inversion of ground resistivity sounding data from the greenstone belt in western Kenya yields conductivities and thicknesses that are consistent with geology. A similar inversion of modelled time-domain airborne electromagnetic data shows that conductivity, thickness and depth to the top of the conductive weathered layer can be uniquely determined if its response does not suffer the thin sheet response problem. The results further show that this problem can be quite common in tropical regions since much of the weathered layer has low conductivity and thickness and, consequently, the response is weak. In this situation, conductivity and thickness are correlated and conductivity-thickness product is better determined than these two parameters independently.
By virtue of the weak time-domain AEM response of the weathered layer, much of the response remains buried in noise. This situation introduces further complications for an inverse problem that is highly non-linear. A method for reducing some of this noise before carrying out the inversion is presented.
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Shaanika, Giesberta Naipopya. "Engineering geological mapping for urban development in low relief semi-arid regions (Outapi northern Namibia)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77881.
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Considering the current lack of engineering geological mapping in urban developments
in Namibia, it was necessary to pioneer the input of engineering geology in the planning
of infrastructure. The benefits of engineering geological mapping in sustainable
development were highlighted and present methodologies were explored, looking at
their applicability to Namibia. The early activities of engineering geological mapping
include terrain classification, which groups areas of terrain that have similar conditions.
It applies the principle of homogeneity such that areas falling under one terrain class are
treated the same during planning, as they are deemed to have the same impact on
engineering structures. The traditional way of doing terrain classification places much
reliance on topography features, such as valleys, streams, etc. However, this becomes
fairly difficult to apply in flat lying areas where topographical features may not be
readily visible from aerial photographs. Therefore, soil variability mapping using colour
and texture, vegetation mapping, and damage distribution mapping or structural damage
techniques were recommended to aid terrain classification in flat lying semi-arid
environments. Employing these techniques, Outapi Town in northern Namibia was
mapped, identifying four terrain classes. With subsequent testing methods, these were
upgraded to just three engineering geological zones. The main geotechnical constraints
identified include the possibility of collapse settlement given the aeolian nature of the
Outapi soils, susceptibility to flooding attributed to the flat nature of the area with no
properly defined pathways, potential for dispersion as the soils are rather fine and saline,
and, to a lesser extent, the presence of potentially expansive soils.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Geology
MSc
Unrestricted
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Irvine, Adam Grant. "Engineering geological characterisation of the Torlesse Composite Terrane in Canterbury, New Zealand with reference to mechanised tunnelling." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8372.
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The Torlesse composite terrane is an important geological unit in Canterbury, New Zealand, making up the backbone of the Southern Alps. It consists of a large group of rock that exhibits a range of engineering geological conditions. This study has been undertaken to characterise the range in engineering geological conditions throughout the Torlesse of Canterbury in order to develop a rock mass classification scheme specific to this abundant and complex rock type. The classification is aimed to aid in TBM tunnelling assessment in the Torlesse, which enables sub-division of an area or tunnel alignment into rock mass domains. Furthermore the classification enables the prediction of rock masses through geological controls in areas of poor outcrop coverage.
Four sites throughout Canterbury were selected for mapping to represent Torlesse terrane types, metamorphic facies and a range of regional fault settings: the Elliott Fault, Hurunui River, Ashley River Gorge and Opuha Dam. A preliminary desktop study was carried out with a landscape lineation analysis to develop 1) a conceptual geological model at each study site and 2) field mapping sheets to provide a check list to ensure consistency of information collected between outcrops and sites. Lineations and conceptual models identified a series of structural blocks within sites, which were further validated by field mapping. Outcrop field mapping was carried out across selected extents of study sites using the field sheets from the desktop study. Using NZGS (2005) and ISRM (1978) derived parameters, rock mass characteristics, including lithology and defect information, were recorded on the field sheets. A laboratory testing programme on selected outcrop intact rock was undertaken to support field work and later classification development.
Data from field work was plotted to derive rock mass trends. Trends were used to develop a classification framework. It was found the rock mass could be defined by bedding thickness, degree of fracture and the combination of discontinuities such as persistent jointing and shearing, which defined dominant rock mass control. The rock mass could therefore be classified based on: blockiness, defined by bedding thickness and density of non-systematic jointing (fractures); and defect structure, defined by the combination of systematic discontinuities such as persistent jointing and shearing.
The two principle rock mass governing controls were related together on an XY plot to form the conceptual Torlesse rock mass classification (TRC). Six classes encompassing the range of conditions observed in the Torlesse were devised for blockiness and defect structure. Blockiness classes range from: thickly bedded to massive sandstone with slight to moderate fracture, to very thin to thin bedded sandstone that is fragmented. Defect structure classes range from rock masses defined by: dominant systematic, persistent jointing with rare faulting, to rock masses typical of major shear zones, where material geotechnically behaves as a soil with no principle defect sets. Individual outcrop plotting then allowed rock masses typical of each site to be grouped on the TRC.
Clusters of each study sites’ outcrops were overlaid to characterise all rock mass types observed throughout this research. This allowed representative identification of eight distinctive rock mass types (Types 1-8) that are indicative of the Torlesse composite terrane of Canterbury. Each type has a series of geological controls that influence the nature of the rock mass. Geological controls can aid in the prediction of rock mass conditions for tunnel alignment selection.
Lithostructure and proximity to major structures were defined as major rock mass type controls. Lithostructure defines the effect of lithology on bedding thickness and fracturing by non-systematic jointing. Medium to massive bedding as part of rock mass Types 1 and 2 result in the best rock mass. In the sandstone-rich rock mass, systematic jointing dominates with less shearing and faulting and a lower occurrence of short, discrete, non-systematic jointing. Conversely, the thinly bedded Torlesse represented by rock mass Type 5 lacks persistent jointing. This type, being mudstone dominant, fractures more easily, is characterised by short, discrete jointing, and tends to localise faulting, shearing and some folding. Modern tectonic stress fields are also a major control. The size of the tectonic structure can impact different volumes of rock. Rock outside the direct fault zone can also be impacted giving rise to rock mass Type 6. For example, increased levels of shearing are observed in adjacent rock at both the Elliott and Opuha Dam Faults. Rock mass Types 7 and 8 represent the rock masses directly affected by large tectonic structures.
Sub-dividing proposed tunnel alignments by rock mass type allows assessment of tunnelling parameters. Dependant on project specific rock mass types expected, different TBM design will be suited. This has significant implications on support measures. Open gripper TBM’s are likely to be suited to rock mass Types 1 and 2. This rock mass is expected to represent the best rock mass stability but will be the hardest to excavate. As a result, rock bolt, mesh and shotcrete will likely prevent significant block failure through gravity release. Rock mass Types 3 and 4 are expected to represent a favourably interlocked rock mass, resulting in increased penetration rate but whose advance rate is likely to be hindered by the need for more extensive support. As rock mass Types 5-8 increase in abundance, shielded TBM’s will likely be best suited due to questionable thrust generation and support requirements toward the poorer rock masses. Penetration rates will be high but advance rates are expected to be low. Significant potential for failure exists in the poorer rock mass types without adequate support, including running ground. The selection of a shielded or gripper TBM will depend on the proportion and lengths of each TRC rock mass type anticipated along a tunnel alignment.
The opportunity exists for future work to refine and validate the TRC classification through increased data input, more extensive laboratory testing and its application to tunnelling projects. Furthermore it is hoped the TRC can be used for other types of geotechnical applications, at a variety of scales where Torlesse is concerned. To do this the TRC interpretations with respect to rock mass behaviour must be adapted to different scales.
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Al-Sari, Abdulkader Mohammed. "A geological investigation of multispectral remote sensing data for the Mahd Adh Dhahab and Jabal Said districts, western Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Durham University, 1989. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6305/.
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This thesis examines the effect of spatial resolution on lithological and alteration mapping using remotely sensed multispectral data. The remotely sensed data were obtained by the Thematic Mapper (TM) and Airborne Thematic Mapper (ATM) over two areas in the Arabian Shield. These were the Mahd Adh Dhahab and Jabal Said areas. The ATM data had a nominal spatial resolution of 7.5m, 5m, and 2.5m. In order to compare these data sets it was necessary to correct for, sensor- and scene-related distortions. This was achieved by calibrating each data set and converting them to reflectance units using ground spectra with a similar spectral resolution obtained with the Barringer Hand Held Ratioing Radiometer (HHRR) . The ATM data were also corrected for X-track shading by normalising the brightness of each column to that of the centre column. The result of X-ray and laboratory spectral analysis of samples collected from the study areas, support the presence of characteristic minerals associated with the alteration zones. The corrected data were analysed by a variety of techniques in order to enhance the geological information present in the data. These included false colour compositing, decorrelating stretching and band ratioing. The latter two techniques proved most effective for discrimination and several additional geological units and areas were identified which had not been mapped previously. Results further indicate that the increased spatial resolution of the ATM data did not permit greater discrimination than the TM data. This suggests TM data should prove to be a cost-effective way of mapping and detection of alteration zones in the Arabian Shield.
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Tinós, Thaís Minatel. "Mapeamento geológico-geotécnico a partir de metodologia de análise integrada : ensaio de aplicação no município de Poços de Caldas - MG /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92752.
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Orientador: José Eduardo ZaineBanca: Cenira Maria Lupinacci da Cunha
Banca: Frederico Garcia Sobreira
Resumo: O mapeamento geológico-geotécnico é um instrumento fundamental para o planejamento e gestão do meio físico, fornecendo as informações essenciais para a tomada de decisão. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a elaboração de um mapa geológico-geotécnico das principais áreas urbanas e de expansão do município de Poços de Caldas - MG. A metodologia empregada focou a análise integrada dos elementos do meio físico a partir do uso de fotografias aéreas e trabalhos de campo, para a compartimentação fisiográfica de unidades do terreno. A etapa seguinte foi a caracterização geotécnica de cada unidade e uma avaliação de adequabilidade quanto ao uso urbano. Como produtos finais são apresentados um mapa geológico-geotécnico da área, um perfil de cada unidade, além de suas principais características e processos geológicos ocorrentes. Tais elementos são instrumentos essenciais para o planejamento urbano e territorial do município
Abstract: The geological-geotechnical mapping is a fundamental tool for planning and managing the physical environ, providing essential information for decision making. This study aimed to development a geological-geotechnical map of Poços de Caldas major urban areas and expansion. The methodology focused on the integrative analysis of the physical environ and the use of air photographs to section the area by physiographical features. The next step was the geotechnical characterization of each unit and an assessment of their capabilities and limitations as to urban use. As a final products are presented a geological-geotechnical map of the area, a profile of each unit, besides its main characteristics and geological processes occurring. These elements are essential tools for urban and territory planning of the municipality
Mestre
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Ho, Chiu-shek, and 何照碩. "Stereographic projection and mapping of engineering geology: case study near Jordan Valley, Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38848673.
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Marsh, Stuart Harry. "Geological mapping in the proterozoic Mt. Isa Inlier, Queensland, Australia, using radiometric and multispectral remotely sensed data." Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5723/.
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Landsat Thematic Mapper, NSOOl Aircraft Thematic Mapper, Geoscan Mk. II. Multispectral Scanner and Airborne Gamma Radiometric data have been used to address a variety of geological problems in the Mary Kathleen area, 60 km east of Mt. Isa, NW Queensland. This area forms part of the Cloncurry Complex, a structurally complicated mass of diverse igneous and metamorphic rocks in the Precambrian Mt. Isa Inlier for which many stratigraphic problems remain to be solved. The Landsat Thematic Mapper data have been the most extensively used in this study. They are the least problematic data type and provide new geological information at scales up to 1:50 000. The NSOOl Aircraft Thematic Mapper data have similar spectral but superior spatial resolution in comparison with the satellite data. They suffer from increased geometric and noise-related problems, but the increase in spatial resolution has allowed the solution of problems, at scales up to 1:10 000, which could not be comprehensively addressed with the satellite data. The higher spectral resolution Geoscan Mk. II Multispectral Scanner aircraft data used in the latter part of the study can be used to remotely identify surface mineralogy. The logarithmic residual technique has proved the most successful approach to enhancing the radiance data sets. When applied to the lower spectral resolution data the technique achieves good discrimination of most lithologies, produces an albedo image useful for structural mapping and yields more information than can be extracted using conventional techniques. When applied to the higher spectral resolution data the technique allows remote mineral identification. Many of the geological problems in the area have been wholly or partially solved using suitably processed radiance data. The Airborne Gamma Radiometric data have the lowest spatial resolution. Only discrimination has been possible with this data set. These data contain no terrain information and are therefore difficult to use in the field. Integration of the gamma radiometric data with satellite data has been successful in overcoming this problem. The gamma radiometric data have allowed the separation of some lithologies which cannot be separated using the radiance data sets but have contrasting radiometric counts.
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Stolz, Tara Alexandra. "Geological Mapping of Orhon, Tariat, and Egiin Dawaa, Central Mongolia, through the Interpretation of Remote Sensing Data." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1221081955.
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Martins, Sabrina Cristina. "Caracterização geoambiental como subsídio ao planejamento urbano e turístico em Amparo (SP) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92808.
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Acompanha 2 mapas anexosOrientador: José Eduardo Zaine
Banca: Odaléia Telles Marcondes Machado de Queiroz
Banca: George Luvizotto
Resumo: Esta dissertação objetivou principalmente a elaboração de um mapa de unidades geoambientais, ou seja, um produto cartográfico onde os elementos do meio físico são estudados a partir da análise integrada para a determinação de potencialidades e limitações dos terrenos. O mapeamento geoambiental aliado à cartografia geotécnica fornece informações fundamentais sobre o meio físico, o que é essencial para subsidiar instrumentos de gestão pública, na definição do uso adequado de áreas naturais, como os pontos turísticos. A área estudada compreende uma porção de 220 km² da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Camanducaia, no município de Amparo, que foi escolhido pela sua condição de Estância Hidromineral localizada em área serrana e com isso abrigar áreas de intensa atividade turística. A partir da interpretação de fotografias aéreas e compartimentação fisiográfica foram delimitadas zonas geoambientais, balizadas pelos estudos regionais de geomorfologia e geologia. Com a elaboração de mapas preliminares (Declividades, Hipsométrico e Modelo de elevação de terreno) foi possível compreender as variações altimétricas, além da morfologia do relevo. O produto final, o Mapa de Unidades Geoambientais, apresenta a área dividida em sete unidades: 1) planícies aluviais, 2) rampas colúvio-eluviais, 3) migmatitos em relevo de morrotes e morros, 4) gnaisses e migmatitos em relevo de morros, 5) gnaisses e migmatitos em topos de morros, 6) quartzitos em relevo montanhoso e 7) depósito de tálus e colúvio em sopé de montanha. Todas as unidades foram caracterizadas detalhadamente e descritas suas limitações e potencialidades à ocupação urbana e desenvolvimento do turismo no município
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to generate a map of geo-environmental units, ie, a cartographic product in which the elements of the physical environment are studied based on integrated analysis to determine capabilities and limitations of the land. Geoenvironmental mapping combined with geotechnical cartography provides key information on the physical environment, which is essential to support public management tools in defining the appropriate use of natural areas such as tourist places. The study area covers a portion of 220 km ² of Camanducaia River Basin in Amparo, São Paulo State, which was chosen for its condition hydromineral spa located in mountainous area and thereby comprise areas of intense tourist activity. From the interpretation of aerial photographs and compartmentalization of physiographic zones were delimited geoenvironmental, buoyed by regional studies of geomorphology and geology. On the development of preliminary maps (slope, hypsometric and elevation terrain model) it was possible to understand the altimetric variations, and the morphology of the relief. As result, it was obtained an Unit Geoenvironmental Map, that presents the area divided into seven units: 1) floodplains, 2) eluvial-colluvial slopes, 3) migmatites in relief and hillock hills, 4) gneisses and migmatites in relief of hills, 5) gneisses and migmatites on the tops of hills, 6) in quartzite mountainous and 7) deposit of talus and colluvium at the base of the mountain. All units were characterized in detail and its limitations and potential urban to settlement was described
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Martin, Daniel Holt. "Geologic map of the Golden Throne Quadrangle, Wayne and Garfield Counties, Utah /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1011.pdf.
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Kauffmann, Marjorie 1982. "Mapeamento geológico e levantamento paleontológico do Monumento Natural das Árvores Fossilizadas, Bacia do Parnaíba, Estado do Tocantins." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287749.
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Orientadores: Frésia Soledad Ricardi Torres Branco, André JasperTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no Monumento Natural das Árvores Fossilizadas do Tocantins (MNAF), um rico sítio paleobotânico depositado na Bacia Sedimentar do Parnaíba onde os fósseis afloram nas Formações Pedra de Fogo e Motuca. Pela importância científica e patrimonial deste local o estudo foi norteado objetivando aprofundar os conhecimentos, geológicos e paleobotânicos, além de promover medidas conservacionistas para área, tendo como foco o geoturismo. Os componentes foram abordados de forma integrada e complementar, viabilizando a construção de conhecimento acadêmico com possível reflexo no manejo do patrimônio fitofossilífero da área. Para a realização do mapeamento geológico atualizado foram levantados perfis colunares em 17 pontos distribuídos na área do MNAF e seu entorno, os quais foram compilados em 11 seções geológicas elaboradas a partir da correlação entre os dados de campo e a bibliografia existente para região. A avaliação da paleoflora local se deu com coleta de dados de carácter quali-quantitativo em 12 parcelas de área fixa de 25 m², executadas em sítios paleontológicos conhecidos na área do MNAF e seu entorno, distribuídas nos quadrantes NO, NE, SE e SO (totalizaram três parcelas por quadrante). Os resultados do levantamento paleobotânico foram tratados estatisticamente com o programa SPSS Statistics, o teste escolhido foi ANOVA, o objetivo principal foi averiguar as características da distribuição dos fitofósseis por ordem botânica (Equisetales, Marattiales e Coniferales) na área proposta. Para a avaliação da efetiva proteção do patrimônio a pesquisa se desenvolveu com a revisão de arquivos documentais envolvidos direta e indiretamente com a unidade de conservação, buscando avaliar a existência e eficiência das ações de conservação e desenvolvimento sustentável do local. Ainda, foram sugeridos e descritos três locais potenciais para instalação de Geosítios, propícios para uso turístico pela beleza cênica e/ou conteúdo presente. O mapa geológico atualizado para área do MNAF e seu entorno apresenta uma distribuição das formações aflorantes atualmente no MNAF com detalhes das colunas estratigráficas de cada ponto amostrado. Os afloramentos fitofossíliferos estudados foram classificados como pertencentes á Formação Motuca, que foi também a formação dominante na área do parque. Os dados paleobotânicos não demonstraram diferenças estatísticas significativas na distribuição das ordens Equisetales, Marattiales e Coniferales dentro da área do MNAF e seu entrono, sendo assim se pode concluir que a preservação é importante em todo este perímetro. Quanto à relevância patrimonial revelou que, ainda que o MNAF possua um plano de manejo aprovado e bem elaborado, este é minimamente implementado. Os programas específicos de educação ambiental e desenvolvimento de estratégicas de turismo sustentável demandam ênfase e efetivação, o que certamente serão de grande valia, principalmente para a população que reside no entorno ou dentro da área do parque. Foram indicadas como áreas potenciais ao geoturismo três geosítios, Fazenda Andradina, Fazenda Buritirana e Fazenda Torre da Lua, os dois primeiros pela importância paleobotânica e o último pela beleza cênica estampada na geologia local
Abstract: This work was developed in the Monumento Natural das Árvores Fossilizadas (MNAF), a rich palaeobotanical site deposited in the Parnaíba Sedimentary Basin where fossils outcrop in the formations "Pedra de Fogo" and "Motuca". Because of the scientific and patrimonial importance of this site, the study was guided aiming to deepen geological and paleobotanical knowledge as well as promoting conservation measures for the area, focusing on geotourism. The components were addressed in an integrated and complementary way, enabling the construction of academic knowledge with possible effect in the handling of the fossil plant area. For the realization of the updated geologic mapping columnar profiles were surveyed in 17 points distributed in the MNAF area and its surroundings, which were compiled into 11 geological sections drawn from the correlation between the field data and the existing literature about the region. The evaluation of the local paleoflora was made through collection of qualitative and quantitative data in 12 plots of equal area of 25 m², executed in paleontological sites known in MNAF¿s area and surroundings distributed in quadrants NW, NE, SE and SW (totaled three installments per quadrant). The results of palaeobotanical survey were statistically analyzed with the SPSS Statistics program, the chosen test was ANOVA, the main objective was to investigate the characteristics of the distribution of plant fossils by botanical order (Equisetales, Marattiales and Coniferales) in the proposed area. For the evaluation of the effective protection of heritage, the research has been developed with the review of documentary files directly and indirectly involved with the conservation unit, aimed at assessing the existence and effectiveness of conservation and sustainable development actions of the site. Also three potential locations for installation of geological sites have been suggested and described, which are propitious to the tourist use either for its scenic beauty and / or the present content. The updated geological map for the MNAF¿s area and surroundings, presents a distribution of the outcropping formations currently on MNAF with details of stratigraphic columns from each sampled. The plant fossil outcrops studied were classified as belonging to the Motuca formation, which was also the dominant formation in the park area. Paleobotanists data showed no statistically significant differences in the distribution of orders Equisetales, Marattiales and Coniferales inside the area of MNAF and its surroundings, thus it is possible to conclude that preservation is important in this whole perimeter. As for the patrimonial relevance, it was revealed that, although the MNAF contains a well-developed and approved handling plan, it is minimally implemented. The specific environmental education programs as well as the development of strategic sustainable tourism, demand emphasis and effectiveness, which will certainly be of great value, especially for the population residing in the vicinity or within the park area. Three geological sites were indicated as potential areas to geotourism, "Fazenda Andradina", "Fazenda Buritirana" and "Fazenda Torre da Lua", the first two by their paleobotany importance and the last by the scenic beauty stamped in the local geology
Doutorado
Geologia e Recursos Naturais
Doutora em Ciências
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Centeno-García, Elena. "Tectonic evolution of the Guerrero terrane, western Mexico." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186665.
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The Guerrero terrane of western Mexico is characterized by an Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous volcanic-sedimentary sequence of arc affinity. The arc assemblage rests unconformably on partially metamorphosed rocks of possible Triassic-Jurassic age. These "basement units," the Arteaga and Placeres Complexes and the Zacatecas Formation, are composed of deformed turbidites, basalts, volcanic-derived graywackes, and blocks of chert and limestone. Sandstones from the basement units are mostly quartzitic and have a recycled orogen-subduction complex provenance. They have negative ᵋNdi (-5 to -7), model Nd ages of 1.3 Ga., and enrichment in light REE, indicating that they were supplied from an evolved continental crust. The volcanic graywackes are derived from juvenile sources (depleted in LREE and ᵋNd = +6), though they represent a small volume of sediments. Primary sources for these turbidites might be the Grenville belt or NW South America. Basement rocks in western North America are not suitable sources because they are more isotopically evolved. Igneous rocks from the basement units are of MORB affinity (depleted LREE and ᵋNdi = +10 to +6). The Jurassic(?)-Cretaceous arc volcanic rocks have ᵋNdi (+7.9 to +3.9) and REE patterns similar to those of evolved intraoceanic island arcs. Sandstones related to the arc assemblage are predominantly volcaniclastic. These sediments have positive ᵋNdi values (+3 to +6) and REE with IAV-affinity. The Guerrero terrane seems to be characterized by two major tectonic assemblages. The Triassic-Middle Jurassic "basement assemblage" that corresponds to an ocean-floor assemblage with sediments derived from continental sources, and the Late Jurassic-Cretaceous arc assemblage formed in an oceanic island arc setting. During the Laramide orogeny the arc was placed against nuclear Mexico. Then, the polarity of the sedimentation changed from westward to eastward, and sediments derived from the arc-assemblage flooded nuclear Mexico. This process marks the "continentalization" of the Guerrero terrane, which on average represents a large addition of juvenile crust to the western North American Cordillera during Mesozoic time.
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Bamberg, Marlene. "Planetary mapping tools applied to floor-fractured craters on Mars." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7210/.
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Planetary research is often user-based and requires considerable skill, time, and effort. Unfortunately, self-defined boundary conditions, definitions, and rules are often not documented or not easy to comprehend due to the complexity of research. This makes a comparison to other studies, or an extension of the already existing research, complicated. Comparisons are often distorted, because results rely on different, not well defined, or even unknown boundary conditions.
The purpose of this research is to develop a standardized analysis method for planetary surfaces, which is adaptable to several research topics. The method provides a consistent quality of results. This also includes achieving reliable and comparable results and reducing the time and effort of conducting such studies. A standardized analysis method is provided by automated analysis tools that focus on statistical parameters. Specific key parameters and boundary conditions are defined for the tool application. The analysis relies on a database in which all key parameters are stored. These databases can be easily updated and adapted to various research questions. This increases the flexibility, reproducibility, and comparability of the research. However, the quality of the database and reliability of definitions directly influence the results. To ensure a high quality of results, the rules and definitions need to be well defined and based on previously conducted case studies. The tools then produce parameters, which are obtained by defined geostatistical techniques (measurements, calculations, classifications).
The idea of an automated statistical analysis is tested to proof benefits but also potential problems of this method. In this study, I adapt automated tools for floor-fractured craters (FFCs) on Mars. These impact craters show a variety of surface features, occurring in different Martian environments, and having different fracturing origins. They provide a complex morphological and geological field of application. 433 FFCs are classified by the analysis tools due to their fracturing process. Spatial data, environmental context, and crater interior data are analyzed to distinguish between the processes involved in floor fracturing.
Related geologic processes, such as glacial and fluvial activity, are too similar to be separately classified by the automated tools. Glacial and fluvial fracturing processes are merged together for the classification. The automated tools provide probability values for each origin model. To guarantee the quality and reliability of the results, classification tools need to achieve an origin probability above 50 %. This analysis method shows that 15 % of the FFCs are fractured by intrusive volcanism, 20 % by tectonic activity, and 43 % by water & ice related processes. In total, 75 % of the FFCs are classified to an origin type. This can be explained by a combination of origin models, superposition or erosion of key parameters, or an unknown fracturing model. Those features have to be manually analyzed in detail. Another possibility would be the improvement of key parameters and rules for the classification.
This research shows that it is possible to conduct an automated statistical analysis of morphologic and geologic features based on analysis tools. Analysis tools provide additional information to the user and are therefore considered assistance systems.Planetenforschung umfasst oft zeitintensive Projekte, bei denen Expertise und Erfahrung eine wesentliche Rolle spielen. Auf Grund äusserst komplexer und sich selten wiederholender Forschungsfragen sind Annahmen, Definitionen und Regeln zur Lösung dieser Fragen nicht leicht nachvollziehbar oder aber nicht eindeutig dokumentiert. Ein Vergleich der Ergebnisse unterschiedlicher Forscher zum selben Thema oder eine Erweiterung der Forschungsfrage macht dies somit nur schwer möglich. Vergleiche liefern oftmals verzerrte Ergebnisse, da die Ausgangslage und Randbedingungen unterschiedlich definiert worden sind. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es eine Standardmethode zur Oberflächenanalyse zu entwickeln, die auf zahlreiche Untersuchungsfragen angewandt werden kann. Eine gleichbleibende Qualität der Ergebnisse muss durch diese Methode gewährleistet sein. Ein weiteres Ziel ist es, dass diese Methode ohne Vorwissen und Expertise angewandt werden kann und die Ergebnisse in kurzer Zeit vorliegen. Ausserdem müssen die Ergebnisse vergleichbar und nachvollziehbar sein. Automatisch operierende Analysewerkzeuge können die zahlreichen Anforderungen erfüllen und als Standardmethode dienen. Statistische Ergebnisse werden durch diese Methode erzielt. Die Werkzeuge basieren auf vordefinierten, geowissenschaftlichen Techniken und umfassen Messungen, Berechnungen und Klassifikationen der zu untersuchenden Oberflächenstrukturen. Für die Anwendung dieser Werkzeuge müssen Schlüsselstrukturen und Randbedingungen definiert werden. Des Weiteren benötigen die Werkzeuge eine Datenbank, in der alle Oberflächenstrukturen, aber auch Informationen zu den Randbedingungen gespeichert sind. Es ist mit geringem Aufwand möglich, Datenbanken zu aktualisieren und sie auf verschiedenste Fragestellungen zu adaptieren. Diese Tatsache steigert die Flexibilität, Reproduzierbarkeit und auch Vergleichbarkeit der Untersuchung. Die vordefinierten Randbedingungen und die Qualität der Datenbank haben jedoch auch direkten Einfluss auf die Qualität der Ergebnisse. Um eine gleichbleibend hohe Qualität der Untersuchung zu gewährleisten muss sichergestellt werden, dass alle vordefinierten Bedingungen eindeutig sind und auf vorheriger Forschung basieren. Die automatisch operierenden Analysewerkzeuge müssen als mögliche Standardmethode getestet werden. Hierbei geht es darum Vorteile, aber auch Nachteile zu identifizieren und zu bewerten. In dieser Arbeit werden die Analysewerkzeuge auf einen bestimmten Einschlagskratertyp auf dem Mars angewandt. Krater mit zerbrochenen Kraterböden (Floor-Fractured Craters) sind in verschiedensten Regionen auf dem Mars zu finden, sie zeigen zahlreiche Oberflächenstrukturen und wurden durch unterschiedliche Prozesse geformt. All diese Fakten machen diesen Kratertyp zu einem interessanten und im geologischen und morphologischen Sinne sehr komplexen Anwendungsgebiet. 433 Krater sind durch die Werkzeuge analysiert und je nach Entstehungsprozess klassifiziert worden. Für diese Analyse sind Position der Krater, Art des Umfeldes und Strukturen im Kraterinneren ausschlaggebend. Die kombinierten Informationen geben somit Auskunft über die Prozesse, welche zum Zerbrechen des Kraterbodens geführt haben. Die entwickelten Analysewerkzeuge können geologische Prozesse, die sehr ähnlich zueinander sind, von einander abhängig sind und zusätzlich auch dieselben Oberflächenstrukturen formen, nicht eindeutig unterscheiden. Aus diesem Grund sind fluviale und glaziale Entstehungsprozesse für den untersuchten Kratertyp zusammengefasst. Die Analysewerkzeuge liefern Wahrscheinlichkeitswerte für drei mögliche Entstehungsarten. Um die Qualität der Ergebnisse zu verbessern muss eine Wahrscheinlichkeit über 50 % erreicht werden. Die Werkzeuge zeigen, dass 15 % der Krater durch Vulkanismus, 20 % durch Tektonik und 43 % durch Wasser- und Eis-bedingte Prozesse gebildet wurden. Insgesamt kann für 75 % des untersuchten Kratertyps ein potentieller Entstehungsprozess zugeordnet werden. Für 25 % der Krater ist eine Klassifizierung nicht möglich. Dies kann durch eine Kombination von geologischen Prozessen, einer Überprägung von wichtigen Schlüsselstrukturen, oder eines bisher nicht berücksichtigten Prozesses erklärt werden. Zusammenfassend ist zu sagen, dass es möglich ist planetare Oberflächenstrukturen quantitativ durch automatisch operierende Analysewerkzeuge zu erfassen und hinsichtlich einer definierten Fragestellung zu klassifizieren. Zusätzliche Informationen können durch die entwickelten Werkzeuge erhalten werden, daher sind sie als Assistenzsystem zu betrachten.
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Rodriguez, Kassy A. "Mapping oyster reefs using sidescan sonar and subbottom profiling Cape Fear River, southeastern North Carolina /." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-2/rodriguezk/kassyrodriguez.pdf.
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Zaine, José Eduardo. "Mapeamento geológico-geotécnico por meio do método do detalhamento progressivo : ensaio de aplicação na área urbana do município de Rio Claro (SP) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102900.
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Orientador: Leandro Eugenio da Silva CerriBanca: Nilson Gandolfi
Banca: Antonio Manoel dos Santos Oliveira
Banca: Fábio Taioli
Banca: Omar Yasbek Bitar
Resumo: A pesquisa teve como tema central o mapeamento geológico-geotécnico de áreas urbanas, analisando os dados do meio físico geológico, bem como a representação cartográfica de unidades geotécnicas. O estudo envolveu a análise das metodologias utilizadas nos trabalhos de cartografia geotécnica, com enfoque especial para duas linhas metodológicas brasileiras, ou seja, as metodologias utilizadas pela Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos e pelo IPT. O trabalho apresenta o método do detalhamento progressivo como alternativa aos estudos geológico-geotécnicos, tendo como objetivo principal a produção de instrumentos adequados para a gestão e o planejamento urbanos, ante as necessidades de seus principais usuários. Tal método consiste na adoção de diferentes escalas de abordagem para a elaboração de cartas e/ou mapas geotécnicos, com o desenvolvimento dos trabalhos em três etapas sucessivas, em níveis de detalhe crescentes, do geral (1ª etapa) para o particular (etapa de detalhe). O ensaio de aplicação do método do detalhamento progressivo foi realizado numa área de 160 km2, envolvendo o sítio urbano e de expansão urbana de Rio Claro, uma cidade de médio porte, do interior paulista. A 1ª etapa mostrou que estudos geológicos e geomorfológicos são fundamentais para orientar as etapas subseqüentes; e a quantificação de alguns parâmetros na 2ª etapa foi importante para a melhor caracterização das unidades de estudo. A realização de ensaios de laboratórios na 3ª etapa é melhor dimensionada quando orientada pelas fases anteriores, estudos estes, efetivamente aplicados, se direcionados a projetos e obras.
Abstract: This paper's main theme is engineering geological mapping in urban areas, bringing together the results of the assembly, analysis and interpretation of geological data, as well as the cartographic representation of geotechnical units. As part of the study, an analysis of methodologies used in engenheering geological mapping was made, with special emphasis on two lines of Brazilian methodologies, i.e., the procedures used by the Engineering School of São Carlos - University of São Paulo and by the Institute of Technological Researches of the State of São Paulo S.A. - IPT. The main purpose of the study is to apply the progressive detailing method to engineering geological maps in urban areas, with a view to produce more adequate instruments for urban administration and planning, taking into consideration the necessity of the users. The progressive detailing method's application was made in a 160 km2 area that included an urban site and urban expansion in the municipal district of Rio Claro, a medium size town of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The progressive detailing method consists of adopting different approach scales in engineering geological mapping, with the study being divided into three successive stages, in levels of increasing detail, from general to specific. The first stage showed the importance of geologic and geomorphologic studies on the development of next stages. The quantification of some parameters on 2nd stage was of great value on characterization of the units of study. The completion of laboratories analysis on the 3rd stage to subsidy projects and buildings, is better evaluated if it is guided for previous stages.
Doutor
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Constable, Simon Andrew. "Geological mapping and the geochemical and petrological characterisation of the 'Woman-in-White' amphibolite and associated felsic rocks /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbc756.pdf.
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Dmochowski, Jane Ellen Clayton Robert W. "Application of MODIS-ASTER (Master) simulator data to geological mapping of young volcanic regions in Baja California, Mexico /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2005. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05262005-150027.
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Zaine, José Eduardo [UNESP]. "Mapeamento geológico-geotécnico por meio do método do detalhamento progressivo: ensaio de aplicação na área urbana do município de Rio Claro (SP)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102900.
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zaine_je_dr_rcla.pdf: 10722625 bytes, checksum: 58a2ea16d5ca5a5f98a15ce993e4b07b (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A pesquisa teve como tema central o mapeamento geológico-geotécnico de áreas urbanas, analisando os dados do meio físico geológico, bem como a representação cartográfica de unidades geotécnicas. O estudo envolveu a análise das metodologias utilizadas nos trabalhos de cartografia geotécnica, com enfoque especial para duas linhas metodológicas brasileiras, ou seja, as metodologias utilizadas pela Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos e pelo IPT. O trabalho apresenta o método do detalhamento progressivo como alternativa aos estudos geológico-geotécnicos, tendo como objetivo principal a produção de instrumentos adequados para a gestão e o planejamento urbanos, ante as necessidades de seus principais usuários. Tal método consiste na adoção de diferentes escalas de abordagem para a elaboração de cartas e/ou mapas geotécnicos, com o desenvolvimento dos trabalhos em três etapas sucessivas, em níveis de detalhe crescentes, do geral (1ª etapa) para o particular (etapa de detalhe). O ensaio de aplicação do método do detalhamento progressivo foi realizado numa área de 160 km2, envolvendo o sítio urbano e de expansão urbana de Rio Claro, uma cidade de médio porte, do interior paulista. A 1ª etapa mostrou que estudos geológicos e geomorfológicos são fundamentais para orientar as etapas subseqüentes; e a quantificação de alguns parâmetros na 2ª etapa foi importante para a melhor caracterização das unidades de estudo. A realização de ensaios de laboratórios na 3ª etapa é melhor dimensionada quando orientada pelas fases anteriores, estudos estes, efetivamente aplicados, se direcionados a projetos e obras.
This paper's main theme is engineering geological mapping in urban areas, bringing together the results of the assembly, analysis and interpretation of geological data, as well as the cartographic representation of geotechnical units. As part of the study, an analysis of methodologies used in engenheering geological mapping was made, with special emphasis on two lines of Brazilian methodologies, i.e., the procedures used by the Engineering School of São Carlos - University of São Paulo and by the Institute of Technological Researches of the State of São Paulo S.A. - IPT. The main purpose of the study is to apply the progressive detailing method to engineering geological maps in urban areas, with a view to produce more adequate instruments for urban administration and planning, taking into consideration the necessity of the users. The progressive detailing method's application was made in a 160 km2 area that included an urban site and urban expansion in the municipal district of Rio Claro, a medium size town of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The progressive detailing method consists of adopting different approach scales in engineering geological mapping, with the study being divided into three successive stages, in levels of increasing detail, from general to specific. The first stage showed the importance of geologic and geomorphologic studies on the development of next stages. The quantification of some parameters on 2nd stage was of great value on characterization of the units of study. The completion of laboratories analysis on the 3rd stage to subsidy projects and buildings, is better evaluated if it is guided for previous stages.
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Peterson, Dirk N. "Using large scale aerial images for 3D visualizations of Marion Sampson Park mountain bike trails." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2008. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/PetersonDirk/index.htm.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2008.The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on December 17, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Field, John Jacob. "Surficial processes, channel change, and geological methods of flood-hazard assessment on fluvially dominated alluvial fans in Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186649.
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A combination of geological and hydraulic techniques represents the most sensible approach to flood hazard analysis on alluvial fans. Hydraulic models efficiently yield predictions of flood depths and velocities, but the assumptions on which the models are based do not lead to accurate portrayals of natural fan processes. Geomorphological mapping, facies, mapping, and hydraulic reconstructions of past floods provide data on the location, types, and magnitude of flood hazards, respectively. Geological reconstructions of past floods should be compared with the results of hydraulic modeling before, potentially unsound, floodplain management decisions are implemented. The controversial Federal Emergency Management Agency procedure for delineating flood-hazard zones underestimated the extent, velocity, and depth of flow during recent floods on two alluvial fans by over 100, 25, and 70 percent, respectively. Flow on the alluvial fans occurs in one or more discontinuous ephemeral stream systems characterized by alternating sheetflood zones and channelized reaches. The importance of sheetflooding is greater on fans closer to the mountain front and with unstable channel banks. Channel diversions on five alluvial fans repeatedly occurred along low channel banks and bends where the greatest amount of overland flow is generated. Channel migration occurs through stream capture whereby overland flow from the main channel accelerates and directs erosion of adjacent secondary channels. The recurrence interval of major channel shifts is greater than 100 years, but minor changes occurred on all five fans during this century. Small aggrading flows are important, because they decrease bank heights and alter the location of greatest overland flow during subsequent floods. The results of this study demonstrate that (1) geological reconstructions of past floods can check the results of hydraulic models, (2) the character of flooding on alluvial fans can vary significantly in the same tectonic and climatic setting due to differences in drainage-basin characteristics, and (3) flood-hazard assessments on alluvial fans must be updated after each flood, because the location and timing of channel diversions can be affected by small floods.
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Gomes, Alessandra Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Avaliação do potencial de dados polarimétricos Radarsat-2 para mapeamento de uso e cobertura da terra em trecho de faixa de dutos sobre diferentes condições geomorfológicas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102875.
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gomes_ar_dr_rcla.pdf: 3426893 bytes, checksum: 9fdd90dbe50b0c722b6ab95832537e05 (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Com a expansão das atividades de petróleo e gás, o transporte destes produtos precisa ser monitorado para permitir o abastecimento e preservar as paisagens sobre as quais o transporte é realizado e uma das formas mais recomendadas para o Brasil é através de dutos, devido à distância entre a produção e os centros de consumo. Para esta pesquisa foi selecionado um trecho na faixa de dutos Rio de Janeiro – Belo Horizonte para avaliar as potencialidades de dados Fine QuadPol do RADARSAT-2 no mapeamento do uso e cobertura da terra sobre diferentes condições geomorfológicas. A partir das matrizes de coerência e covariância dos dados Fine QuadPol foram realizadas análises da decomposição de alvos (Cloude-Pottier e Freeman-Durden) e classificadores de Wishart derivados destas decomposições. Para os dados em amplitude, foi utilizado o classificador MaxVer-ICM. Para todos os resultados também foi analisado o efeito da aplicação do filtro polarimétrico de Lee com janelas 5x5 e 7x7 pixels. Foram estabelecidas 11 classes de uso e cobertura da terra (nível 2) e realizada uma análise exploratória baseada nos dados em sigma zero e parâmetros resultantes das decomposições de Cloude-Pottier e Freeman-Durden (anisotropia, entropia, ângulo alfa, contribuições dos espalhamentos superficial, double-bounce e volumétrico). Como a separação das classes não foi possível para o nível 2, optou-se por manter o nível 1 onde são mapeadas somente as classes de cobertura da terra. Com base nos resultados alcançados pelos classificadores, pode-se dizer que o MaxVer-ICM apresentou o maior índice de concordância kappa (38%) enquanto o classificador de Cloude-Pottier teve o pior desempenho (19%). Os classificadores de Wishart obtiveram kappa de 27% para a Wishart derivada de Cloude-Pottier e 25% para...
Due to the expansion of the activities of oil and gas, the transportation of these products must be monitored to allow the supplies and preserve the landscapes on which transport is carried out and one of the most recommended forms of transport to Brazil is through pipelines due to distance of the consumers centers. For this research was selected a stretch in the Rio de Janeiro - Belo Horizonte pipelines to evaluate the potential of QuadPol Fine RADARSAT-2 data for mapping land use and land cover on different geomorphological conditions. From the covariance and coherence matrices of Fine QuadPol data was performed target decomposition (Cloude-Pottier and Freeman- Durden) and Wishart classifiers derived from these decompositions. For amplitude data, MaxVer-ICM was used as classifier. For all results was also analyzed the effect of applying Lee polarimetric filter with windows of 5x5 and 7x7 pixels. It was established 11 land use and land cover classes (level 2) and performed an exploratory analysis based on data from sigma nought and parameters resulting from the decomposition of Cloude and Pottier-Freeman-Durden (anisotropy, entropy, alpha angle, contributions from surface, double-bounce and volume scattering ). As the separation of classes was not possible to level 2, we chose to keep a level where they are mapped only the classes of land cover. Based on the results achieved by the classifiers, we can say that the ICMMaxVer had the highest rate of agreement kappa (38%) while the classifier Cloude- Pottier had the worst performance (19%). Wishart classifiers obtained kappa of 27% for the Wishart from Cloude-Pottier and 25% for the Wishart from Freeman-Durden. Based on the classifiers from the target decomposition and different parameters have presented results more visually... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Candido, Luciano Willen. "Identificação e mapeamento de cavas e pilhas de bota-fora de mineração como unidade geológico-geotécnica no município de Estiva Gerbi - SP /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92746.
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Orientador: José Eduardo ZaineBanca: José Cândido Stevaux
Banca: Antonio Roberto Saad
Resumo: A pesquisa tem como tema central o reconhecimento de áreas modificadas pela atividade de mineração como uma unidade geológico-geotécnica no Município de Estiva Gerbi (SP). As últimas décadas têm sido marcadas por grandes mudanças tecnológicas, pelo aumento da população e o decorrente aumento das cidades, tendo como reflexo a conseqüente elevação do consumo dos recursos naturais. Este estudo caracterizou cavas e pilhas de botafora, geradas pela atividade extração de argila para a indústria cerâmica, como modificadoras das características geológico-geotécnicas naturais dos terrenos. Para atingir o objetivo deste estudo foi realizado um mapeamento do Município de Estiva Gerbi onde a área de estudo foi dividida em 6 unidades geológico-geotécnicas: Unidade I - solos areno-argilosos, em relevo de média vertente da Formação Aquidauana; Unidade II - solos argilosos, em situação de baixa vertente da Formação Aquidauana; Unidade III - solo coluvionar, em situação de meia encosta de cobertura cenozóica indiferenciada; Unidade IV - solo residual, de topo de colinas amplas de cobertura cenozóica indiferenciada; Unidade V - solo aluvionar, de planície de inundação, e Unidade VI - áreas modificadas, onde foram agrupadas as áreas oriundas da atividade de mineração, individualizadas como uma unidade geológico-geotécnica específica. A pesquisa comprovou que as cavas e pilhas de bota-fora e sua área de influência possuem características particulares em relação às outras unidades. Através de observações de campo conclui-se que as principais alterações ambientais desta unidade são: a mudança no perfil de solo, a declividade do terreno, alterações no nível de água subterrâneo, a formação de lagos, as condições de permeabilidade, a aceleração de processos erosivos e a disposição de lixo...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: The research main issue is the recognition of areas modified by mining activity as a geological-geotechnical unit in the Municipality of Estiva Gerbi (State of São Paulo). The last decades have been marked by great technological changes, population boost and the resulting enlargement of cities caused the elevation of natural resources consume. This study characterized furrows and putting out piles, generated by the activity of clay extraction to the ceramic industry as modifiers of geological-geotechnical natural aspects of the soil. To achieve the aim of this study, the Municipality of Estiva Gerbi was mapped and the study area was divided in 6 geological geotechnical units. Unit I sand-clay soils on a mid hogback relief of "Aquidauana Formation"; Unit II - clay soils, on a low hogback situation of "Aquidauana Formation"; Unit III - adjacent to river soil on a mid cliff of surface finish; Unit IV - residual soil, on the top of wide hills with Cenozoic undistinguished surface finish; Unit V - river soil, on flooding plains and Unit VI - modified areas, where the areas deriving from mining activity where grouped, individualized as a specific geological-geotechnical unit. The researched proved that furrows and putting out piles and its influence area has particular characteristics comparing to other units. Through field observations, it was concluded that the main environmental alterations of this unit are: the modification of the soil profile, the declivity of the terrain, subterranean water level alterations, the formation of lakes, the conditions of permeability, the acceleration of erosive processes and the disposal of refuse. According to specific literature about technogenical deposits, the putting out piles are classified as a built layer of spolic type.
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Stephen, Tammie Debra. "Insights into mineralisation of the Luxemburg Mine Area, Olary, South Australia, from geological mapping, strain and microstructural analysis, and geophysics /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09S.B/09s.bs831.pdf.
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ARRAS, CLAUDIO. "THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING AND GROUNDWATER MODEL CALIBRATION FOR MANAGED AQUIFER RECHARGE (MAR) TECHNIQUES IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/249703.
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Intrinsic ecological fragility of drylands and increasing anthropic pressures, which often relate to the unsustainable management of groundwater resources, are leading factors in desertification processes. Natural processes alone could not be enough to regenerate those fragile environments from degradation, and it is necessary the corrective interference of local and international communities. In this perspective, the WADIS-MAR Project (www.wadismar.eu) has been funded by the European Community in the frame of the SWIM Programme (www.swim-sm.eu) and started implementation. The aim of the Project was to enable local communities to manage groundwater resources through the application of sustainable agricultural practices and the implementation of water harvesting techniques and MAR systems. The Biskra and Batna region (Algeria) and the Jeffara of Medenine (Tunisia) are the two intervention areas selected in the frame of the Project because characterised by overexploitation of groundwater resources and are highly exposed to desertification processes. The main objective of the present research was the development of a methodology for the hydrogeological characterisation of the Biskra and Batna region finalised to the study of sustainable systems for the management of groundwater resources that could be reply in similar context. The first phase of the research has focused on the collection of literature data, freely released satellite datasets, and field measures carried out by local partners. Collected data were verified, organised within a geodatabase, preprocessed and then imported into a geo-modeler software for the realisation of two 3-D hydrogeological models. The regional scale model extends over the South-western slope of the Aures mountains. 14 and 6 geological cross sections at 1:200.000 and 1:50.000 scale respectively, were realised perpendicular to the main geological structures and integrated with hydrogeological information to obtain the hydrogeological conceptual model of the Biskra and Batna region. From its analysis emerged that: 1) interference between two main fold systems generates dome and basins geometries constituting large storage areas; 2) groundwater recharge can occur in the Aures mountains where the hydrogeological units crop out; 3) a complex faults system influences the groundwater circulation allowing the communication among various aquifers and acting as preferred pathway for groundwater rises towards the surface. The local scale model was developed to define the geometries of the Infèro-Flux phreatic aquifer, near the city of Biskra. 19 geological cross sections were realised at 1:10.000 scale and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction by integrating geological information into a geomorphological interpretation of the river system. Results show that the aquifer morphology is characterised by an asymmetric geometry of the confining bed and maximum deposit depth of 50 metres. The volume of the alluvium was also estimated and corresponds to 83 Mm3. The conceptual model of the Inféro-Flux aquifer was developed by integrating the hydrogeological and hydrological data into the local scale 3-D model and used to develop a groundwater flow numerical model to estimate the hydraulic conductivity parameter and to obtain quantitative information about the system dynamics. A first hydrogeological dataset was used for the automated calibration of the Kx parameter through the PEST. Resulting values range between 0.00019 and 0.00869 m/s and are coherent with braided stream deposits. A second hydrogeological dataset was used to validate the calibration results. Groundwater budget was compared to the hydrological balance. Results suggest that infiltration alone is not sufficient to allow the simulated inflow from the northern head boundary. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider a further source of alimentation for the Inféro-Flux aquifer. Low residual values confirm the consistency of the numerical model
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Leyland, R. C. "Vulnerability mapping in karst terrains, exemplified in the wider Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02112009-171849/.
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Werlang, Ricardo. "Ontology-based approach for standard formats integration in reservoir modeling." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115196.
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A integração de dados oriundos de fontes autônomas e heterogêneas ainda é um grande problema para diversas aplicações. Na indústria de petróleo e gás, uma grande quantidade de dados é gerada diariamente a partir de múltiplas fontes, tais como dados sísmicos, dados de poços, dados de perfuração, dados de transporte e dados de marketing. No entanto, estes dados são adquiridos através da aplicação de diferentes técnicas e representados em diferentes formatos e padrões. Assim, estes dados existem de formas estruturadas em banco de dados e de formas semi-estruturadas em planilhas e documentos, tais como relatórios e coleções multimídia. Para lidar com a heterogeneidade dos formatos de dados, a informação precisa ser padronizada e integrada em todos os sistemas, disciplinas e fronteiras organizacionais. Como resultado, este processo de integração permitirá uma melhor tomada de decisão dentro de colaborações, uma vez que dados de alta qualidade poderão ser acessados em tempo hábil. A indústria do petróleo depende do uso eficiente desses dados para a construção de modelos computacionais, a fim de simplificar a realidade geológica e para ajudar a compreende-la. Tal modelo, que contém objetos geológicos analisados por diferentes profissionais—geólogos, geofísicos e engenheiros — não representa a realidade propriamente dita, mas a conceitualização do especialista. Como resultado, os objetos geológicos modelados assumem representações semânticas distintas e complementares no apoio à tomada de decisões. Para manter os significados pretendidos originalmente, ontologias estão sendo usadas para explicitar a semântica dos modelos e para integrar os dados e arquivos gerados nas etapas da cadeia de exploração. A principal reivindicação deste trabalho é que a interoperabilidade entre modelos da terra construídos e manipulados por diferentes profissionais e sistemas pode ser alcançada evidenciando o significado dos objetos geológicos representados nos modelos. Nós mostramos que ontologias de domínio desenvolvidas com o apoio de conceitos teórico de ontologias de fundamentação demonstraram ser uma ferramenta adequada para esclarecer a semântica dos conceitos geológicos. Nós exemplificamos essa capacidade através da análise dos formatos de comunicação padrões mais utilizados na cadeia de modelagem (LAS, WITSML e RESQML), em busca de entidades semanticamente relacionadas com os conceitos geológicos descritos em ontologias de Geociências. Mostramos como as noções de identidade, rigidez, essencialidade e unidade, aplicadas a conceitos ontológicos, conduzem o modelador à definir mais precisamente os objetos geológicos no modelo. Ao tornar explícitas as propriedades de identidade dos objetos modelados, o modelador pode superar as ambiguidades da terminologia geológica. Ao fazer isso, explicitamos os objetos e propriedades relevantes que podem ser mapeados a partir de um modelo para outro, mesmo quando eles estão representados em diferentes nomes e formatos.The integration of data issued from autonomous and heterogeneous sources is still a significant problem for an important number of applications. In the oil and gas industry, a large amount of data is generated every day from multiple sources such as seismic data, well data, drilling data, transportation data, and marketing data. However, these data are acquired by the application of different techniques and represented in different standards and formats. Thus, these data exist in a structured form in databases, and in semi-structured forms in spreadsheets and documents such as reports and multimedia collections. To deal with this large amount of information, as well as the heterogeneous data formats of the data, the information needs to be standardized and integrated across systems, disciplines and organizational boundaries. As a result, this information integration will enable better decision making within collaborations, once high quality data will be accessible timely. The petroleum industry depends on the efficient use of these data to the construction of computer models in order to simplify the geological reality and to help understanding it. Such a model, which contains geological objects analyzed by different professionals – geologists, geophysicists and engineers – does not represent the reality itself, but the expert’s conceptualization. As a result, the geological objects modeled assume distinct semantic representations and complementary in supporting decision-making. For keeping the original intended meanings, ontologies were used for expliciting the semantic of the models and for integrating the data and files generated in the various stages of the exploration chain. The major claim of this work is that interoperability among earth models built and manipulated by different professionals and systems can be achieved by making apparent the meaning of the geological objects represented in the models. We show that domain ontologies developed with support of theoretical background of foundational ontologies show to be an adequate tool to clarify the semantic of geology concepts. We exemplify this capability by analyzing the communication standard formats most used in the modeling chain (LAS,WITSML, and RESQML), searching for entities semantically related with the geological concepts described in ontologies for Geosciences. We show how the notions of identity, rigidity, essentiality and unity applied to ontological concepts lead the modeler to more precisely define the geological objects in the model. By making explicit the identity properties of the modeled objects, the modeler who applies data standards can overcome the ambiguities of the geological terminology. In doing that, we clarify which are the relevant objects and properties that can be mapped from one model to another, even when they are represented with different names and formats.
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Li, Na. "Textural and Rule-based Lithological Classification of Remote Sensing Data, and Geological Mapping in Southwestern Prieska Sub-basin, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11824/2/Li_Na.pdf.
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Brinkerhoff, Alonzo Riley. "Mapping middle Paleozoic erosional and karstic patterns with 3-D seismic attributes and well data in the Arkoma Basin, Oklahoma /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1868.pdf.
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Eddy, Brian G. "A GIS-based fuzzy logic method for mineral potential mapping: An experiment with a geological map of the Parry Islands, Northwest Territories, Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9837.
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The application of fuzzy logic in a GIS framework is a valuable method to assist in mineral resource assessments (MRA) in areas where data are sparse. This study uses a digital geological map, backed by a digital geological data model, derived from published legends and reports. Together they function as a 'spatial-attribute relational data model' that provides evidence, in the form of derivative maps, to support mineral potential according to deposit model criteria. A knowledge-base is created with fuzzy membership functions linked to the classes of each derivative map that indicate favourability between geological features present in the database with those required by model criteria. A fuzzy-logic-based 'inference net', as implemented in the GIS modelling language, is used to combine spatial evidence to determine mineral resource potential for three mineral deposit sub-types: (1) MVT Pb-Zn, (2) Sedimentary Cu and (3) Sediment-Hosted Sulphides. This method is shown to be valuable for providing an 'audit trial' for the complex decision-making process associated with resource assessment; it provides a means for experimenting and testing various hypotheses and viewpoints associated with mineral deposit models, and mimics some aspect of how geologists determine mineral potential for a region using information provided in geological maps and mineral deposit model literature.
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Saunders, Peta J. "The structural evolution of the Bull Creek area, southern Adelaide fold belt, South Australia, through the integration of geological mapping and geophysical interpretation /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbs257.pdf.
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Thesis (B. Sc.(Hons.))--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 1994.Australian national grid reference: Milang (SI 54) 6627-II 1:50 000 sheet. Four maps have overlays. Includes bibliographical references.
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Grebby, Stephen Robert. "Novel applications of airborne LiDAR and multispectral data for high-resolution geological mapping of vegetated ophiolitic rocks and sedimentary cover, Troodos Range, Cyprus." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9697.
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Practical and financial constraints associated with traditional field-based mapping are often responsible for the production of coarse-scale geological maps that lack detail and have inaccurately defined lithological contacts. Although remote sensing offers potential solutions to these constraints, conventional use of remotely sensed data is only effective when applied to barren terrain because just small amounts of vegetation cover can obscure or mask the underlying geological materials and structures. In this thesis, novel algorithms that utilise airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data and airborne multispectral imagery are applied to high-resolution geological mapping of vegetated ophiolitic rocks and sedimentary cover in the northern Troodos Range (Cyprus) with the aim of demonstrating their potential application to any geological setting. These novel algorithms involve quantification of geobotanical and topographical characteristics that are generally distinct for different lithological units, followed by automated image classification based upon these characteristics. Whilst the algorithms that individually exploit the geobotanical associations and the correlation between lithology and topography are capable of generating maps that are more detailed and have more accurately defined contacts than the existing geological maps of the study area, an integrated approach was found to significantly enhance the lithological mapping performance. Moreover, despite widespread vegetation cover, it is also shown that airborne LiDAR data and airborne multispectral imagery can be utilised to extract detailed and accurate structural information that is consistent with field-based data. Overall, the novel application of airborne spectral imagery and airborne LiDAR data has significant potential to aid accurate and high-resolution 1:5000-scale geological mapping over large areas of vegetated or non-vegetated terrain.
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Defibaugh, y. Chávez Jason. "Computer modeling of geology in the Sparta and Montpelier quadrangles of Clay and Chickasaw counties, Mississippi a tantalizing near miss /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2004. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07112004-120835.
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Gomes, Alessandra Rodrigues. "Avaliação do potencial de dados polarimétricos Radarsat-2 para mapeamento de uso e cobertura da terra em trecho de faixa de dutos sobre diferentes condições geomorfológicas /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102875.
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Orientador: Paulina Setti RiedelCoorientador: Corina da Costa Freitas
Banca: Cenira Maria Lupinacci da Cunha
Banca: Gilberto José Garcia
Banca: Waldir Renato Paradella
Banca: Arnaldo de Queiroz da Silva
Resumo: Com a expansão das atividades de petróleo e gás, o transporte destes produtos precisa ser monitorado para permitir o abastecimento e preservar as paisagens sobre as quais o transporte é realizado e uma das formas mais recomendadas para o Brasil é através de dutos, devido à distância entre a produção e os centros de consumo. Para esta pesquisa foi selecionado um trecho na faixa de dutos Rio de Janeiro - Belo Horizonte para avaliar as potencialidades de dados Fine QuadPol do RADARSAT-2 no mapeamento do uso e cobertura da terra sobre diferentes condições geomorfológicas. A partir das matrizes de coerência e covariância dos dados Fine QuadPol foram realizadas análises da decomposição de alvos (Cloude-Pottier e Freeman-Durden) e classificadores de Wishart derivados destas decomposições. Para os dados em amplitude, foi utilizado o classificador MaxVer-ICM. Para todos os resultados também foi analisado o efeito da aplicação do filtro polarimétrico de Lee com janelas 5x5 e 7x7 pixels. Foram estabelecidas 11 classes de uso e cobertura da terra (nível 2) e realizada uma análise exploratória baseada nos dados em sigma zero e parâmetros resultantes das decomposições de Cloude-Pottier e Freeman-Durden (anisotropia, entropia, ângulo alfa, contribuições dos espalhamentos superficial, double-bounce e volumétrico). Como a separação das classes não foi possível para o nível 2, optou-se por manter o nível 1 onde são mapeadas somente as classes de cobertura da terra. Com base nos resultados alcançados pelos classificadores, pode-se dizer que o MaxVer-ICM apresentou o maior índice de concordância kappa (38%) enquanto o classificador de Cloude-Pottier teve o pior desempenho (19%). Os classificadores de Wishart obtiveram kappa de 27% para a Wishart derivada de Cloude-Pottier e 25% para... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Due to the expansion of the activities of oil and gas, the transportation of these products must be monitored to allow the supplies and preserve the landscapes on which transport is carried out and one of the most recommended forms of transport to Brazil is through pipelines due to distance of the consumers centers. For this research was selected a stretch in the Rio de Janeiro - Belo Horizonte pipelines to evaluate the potential of QuadPol Fine RADARSAT-2 data for mapping land use and land cover on different geomorphological conditions. From the covariance and coherence matrices of Fine QuadPol data was performed target decomposition (Cloude-Pottier and Freeman- Durden) and Wishart classifiers derived from these decompositions. For amplitude data, MaxVer-ICM was used as classifier. For all results was also analyzed the effect of applying Lee polarimetric filter with windows of 5x5 and 7x7 pixels. It was established 11 land use and land cover classes (level 2) and performed an exploratory analysis based on data from sigma nought and parameters resulting from the decomposition of Cloude and Pottier-Freeman-Durden (anisotropy, entropy, alpha angle, contributions from surface, double-bounce and volume scattering ). As the separation of classes was not possible to level 2, we chose to keep a level where they are mapped only the classes of land cover. Based on the results achieved by the classifiers, we can say that the ICMMaxVer had the highest rate of agreement kappa (38%) while the classifier Cloude- Pottier had the worst performance (19%). Wishart classifiers obtained kappa of 27% for the Wishart from Cloude-Pottier and 25% for the Wishart from Freeman-Durden. Based on the classifiers from the target decomposition and different parameters have presented results more visually... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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