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Griffiths, J. S. "Engineering geological mapping." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 18, no. 1 (2001): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.2001.018.01.06.
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Williams, D. A. "NASA’S PLANETARY GEOLOGIC MAPPING PROGRAM: OVERVIEW." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 14, 2016): 519–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-519-2016.
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NASA’s Planetary Science Division supports the geologic mapping of planetary surfaces through a distinct organizational structure and a series of research and analysis (R&A) funding programs. Cartography and geologic mapping issues for NASA’s planetary science programs are overseen by the Mapping and Planetary Spatial Infrastructure Team (MAPSIT), which is an assessment group for cartography similar to the Mars Exploration Program Assessment Group (MEPAG) for Mars exploration. MAPSIT’s Steering Committee includes specialists in geological mapping, who make up the Geologic Mapping Subcommittee (GEMS). I am the GEMS Chair, and with a group of 3-4 community mappers we advise the U.S. Geological Survey Planetary Geologic Mapping Coordinator (Dr. James Skinner) and develop policy and procedures to aid the planetary geologic mapping community. GEMS meets twice a year, at the Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in March, and at the Annual Planetary Mappers’ Meeting in June (attendance is required by all NASA-funded geologic mappers). Funding programs under NASA’s current R&A structure to propose geological mapping projects include Mars Data Analysis (Mars), Lunar Data Analysis (Moon), Discovery Data Analysis (Mercury, Vesta, Ceres), Cassini Data Analysis (Saturn moons), Solar System Workings (Venus or Jupiter moons), and the Planetary Data Archiving, Restoration, and Tools (PDART) program. Current NASA policy requires all funded geologic mapping projects to be done digitally using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software. In this presentation we will discuss details on how geologic mapping is done consistent with current NASA policy and USGS guidelines.
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Dandar, Otgonbayar, Atsushi Okamoto, Masaoki Uno, Undarmaa Batsaikhan, Burenjargal Ulziiburen, and Noriyoshi Tsuchiya. "Drone brings new advance of geological mapping in Mongolia: Opportunities and challenges." Mongolian Geoscientist, no. 47 (December 31, 2018): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mgs.v0i47.1063.
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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones have revolutionized scientific research in multiple fields. Drones provide us multiple advantages over conventional geological mapping or high-altitude remote sensing methods, in which they allow us to acquire data more rapidly of inaccessible or risky outcrops, and can connect the spatial scale gap in mapping between manual field techniques and airborne, high-altitude remote sensing methods. Despite the decreased cost and technological developments of platforms, sensors and software, the use of drones for geological mapping in Mongolia has not yet been utilized. In this study, we present using of drone in two areas: the Chandman area in which eclogite is exposed and the Naran massif of the Khantaishir ophiolite in the Altai area. Drone yields images with high resolution that is reliable to use and reveals that it is possible to make better formulation of geological mapping. Our suggestion is that (1) Mongolian geoscientists are encouraged to add drones to their geologic toolboxes and (2) drone could open new advance of geological mapping in Mongolia in which geological map will be created in more effective and more detailed way combined with conventional geological survey on ground.
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Lemenkova, Polina. "Seismicity in the Afar Depression and Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 78, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.78.1.29963.
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Integrated mapping is essential in geological studies to assess risks of earthquake hazards. Cartographic techniques have become a commonplace approach to visualizing data in the continuous geologic and geophysical fields. However, traditional GIS mapping is a manual process with a time-consuming workflow that can lead to mistakes and misinterpretation of data. This study applied two mapping approaches to address this problem: Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) used for automated cartographic workflow employing scripts and QGIS used for traditional geologic mapping. The study area includes Ethiopia, notable for its complex geologic setting. The study aimed to analyse the relationships between the geophysical, geological, topographic and seismic setting of the country by presenting six new thematic maps:1 topography based on the GEBCO/SRTM15+ high-resolution grid;2 geological units with consistent lithology and age from the USGS database;3 geological provinces with major Amhara Plateau and Somali Province using USGS data;4 geoid based on the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM-2008) grid;5 free-air gravity anomaly model using satellite-based remote sensing data;6 seismicity showing earthquakes and volcanos from 05/03/1990 to 27/11/2020.The comparison of the topography, seismicity, geophysics and surface geology of the Afar Depression and the Great Rift Valley was based partly on extant literature on the geologic setting of Ethiopia which primarily focuses upon discussing tectonic processes that took place in the East African Rift System in the past. The current study contributes to the previous research and increases cartographic data on the geology and geophysics of Ethiopia. The outcomes can be implemented in similar regional projects in Ethiopia for geophysical and geological monitoring.
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Dawes, P. R. "Geological mapping of Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 148 (January 1, 1990): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v148.8109.
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Geological maps provide an important means of documenting and advancing geological knowledge. As well as presenting detailed information in a practical way, geological maps are essential in assessing a region’s geological history; they are prerequisite for meaningful evaluation of mineral resources.
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Hillier, John. "Geological mapping in Australia." Cartography 16, sup1 (August 1987): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00690805.1987.10438389.
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Kotsanis, D., P. Panagiotopoulos, D. Rozos, and C. Loupasakis. "Engineering geological mapping of the Pallini urban area." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 4 (September 5, 2013): 1715. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11036.
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Engineering geological thematic maps can provide substantial information for the development of cities, the land planning of future infrastructures and even more for the planning of the natural hazards prevention and/or mitigation. To this direction the engineering geological map of the Municipality of Pallini, at the Eastern Attica prefecture, at a scale of 1:20.000, was compiled. For that purpose, the following workflow was adopted: Firstly, a desk study helped in selecting the relevant topographic and geologic maps, which were digitized and introduced in a GIS environment. Secondly, the data coming from detailed geological mapping were elaborated to the same GIS environment. Thirdly, geotechnical data collected from borehole logs, such as lithostromatographic sequence, in situ tests and laboratory tests were introduced in geotechnical database. The statistical evaluation of this data provided estimates for numerous geotechnical parameters. Finally, the engineering geological map was compiled by merging the geological formations into lithologic units according to their origin, age, natural condition, and geotechnical characteristics.
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Lemenkova, Polina, and Olivier Debeir. "Seismotectonics of Shallow-Focus Earthquakes in Venezuela with Links to Gravity Anomalies and Geologic Heterogeneity Mapped by a GMT Scripting Language." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 15966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315966.
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This paper presents a cartographic framework based on algorithms of GMT codes for mapping seismically active areas in Venezuela. The data included raster grids from GEBCO, EGM-2008, and vector geological layers from the USGS. The data were iteratively processed in the console of GMT, converted by GDAL, formatted, and mapped for geophysical data visualisation; the QGIS was applied for geological mapping. We analyzed 2000 samples of the earthquake events obtained from the IRIS seismic database with a 25-year time span (1997–2021) in order to map the seismicity. The approach to linking geological, topographic, and geophysical data using GMT scripts aimed to map correlations among the geophysical phenomena, tectonic processes, geological setting, seismicity, and earthquakes. The practical application of the GMT scripts consists in automated mapping for the visualization of geological risks and hazards in the mountainous region of the Venezuelan Andes. The proposed method integrates the approach of GMT scripts with state-of-the-art GIS techniques, which demonstrated its effectiveness as a tool for mapping spatial datasets and rapid data processing in an iterative regime. In this context, using GMT and GIS to find similarities between the regional earthquake distribution and the geological and topographic setting is essential for hazard risk assessment. This study can serve as a basis for predictive seismic analysis in geologically vulnerable regions of Venezuela. In addition to a technical demonstration of GMT algorithms, this study also contributes to geological and geophysical mapping and seismic hazard assessments in South America. We present the full scripts used for mapping in a GitHub repository.
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Sunuwar, S. C. "Geological mapping in the Nepal Himalaya: importance and challenges for underground structures." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 51 (December 31, 2016): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v51i0.24096.
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Geological mapping is very important technique to predict geological condition for underground structures. It helps to construct geological model for site selection and designing of any underground structures. Geological uncertainty is directly proportional to the accuracy of geological mapping. More accurate geological mapping resulted fewer uncertainties. Precise delineation of faults, shear/weak zones and water bearing zones is important part of the geological mapping to predict uncertainties. Geological mapping to predict geological condition for underground structures is a challenge in the tectonically active Nepal Himalaya due to thrusting, faulting, folding and reverse metamorphism nature of rocks with difficult terrain and high overburden. The mapping for underground structures is mostly focus on rock mass properties, faults, weak/shear zones, fractured zone, joints, folds, weathering depth and ground water bearing zones. This paper highlights importance of geological mapping and challenges for underground structures with case studies of uncertainties faced due to poor geological mapping.
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Olsen, Paul E., Jacques Laskar, Dennis V. Kent, Sean T. Kinney, David J. Reynolds, Jingeng Sha, and Jessica H. Whiteside. "Mapping Solar System chaos with the Geological Orrery." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 22 (March 4, 2019): 10664–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813901116.
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The Geological Orrery is a network of geological records of orbitally paced climate designed to address the inherent limitations of solutions for planetary orbits beyond 60 million years ago due to the chaotic nature of Solar System motion. We use results from two scientific coring experiments in Early Mesozoic continental strata: the Newark Basin Coring Project and the Colorado Plateau Coring Project. We precisely and accurately resolve the secular fundamental frequencies of precession of perihelion of the inner planets and Jupiter for the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic epochs (223–199 million years ago) using the lacustrine record of orbital pacing tuned only to one frequency (1/405,000 years) as a geological interferometer. Excepting Jupiter’s, these frequencies differ significantly from present values as determined using three independent techniques yielding practically the same results. Estimates for the precession of perihelion of the inner planets are robust, reflecting a zircon U–Pb-based age model and internal checks based on the overdetermined origins of the geologically measured frequencies. Furthermore, although not indicative of a correct solution, one numerical solution closely matches the Geological Orrery, with a very low probability of being due to chance. To determine the secular fundamental frequencies of the precession of the nodes of the planets and the important secular resonances with the precession of perihelion, a contemporaneous high-latitude geological archive recording obliquity pacing of climate is needed. These results form a proof of concept of the Geological Orrery and lay out an empirical framework to map the chaotic evolution of the Solar System.
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Han, Sipeng, Zhipeng Wan, Junfeng Deng, Congyuan Zhang, Xingwu Liu, Tong Zhu, and Junli Zhao. "RSWFormer: A Multi-Scale Fusion Network from Local to Global with Multiple Stages for Regional Geological Mapping." Remote Sensing 16, no. 14 (July 11, 2024): 2548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16142548.
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Geological mapping involves the identification of elements such as rocks, soils, and surface water, which are fundamental tasks in Geological Environment Remote Sensing (GERS) interpretation. High-precision intelligent interpretation technology can not only reduce labor requirements and significantly improve the efficiency of geological mapping but also assist geological disaster prevention assessment and resource exploration. However, the high interclass similarity, high intraclass variability, gradational boundaries, and complex distributional characteristics of GERS elements coupled with the difficulty of manual labeling and the interference of imaging noise, all limit the accuracy of DL-based methods in wide-area GERS interpretation. We propose a Transformer-based multi-stage and multi-scale fusion network, RSWFormer (Rock–Soil–Water Network with Transformer), for geological mapping of spatially large areas. RSWFormer first uses a Multi-stage Geosemantic Hierarchical Sampling (MGHS) module to extract geological information and high-dimensional features at different scales from local to global, and then uses a Multi-scale Geological Context Enhancement (MGCE) module to fuse geological semantic information at different scales to enhance the understanding of contextual semantics. The cascade of the two modules is designed to enhance the interpretation and performance of GERS elements in geologically complex areas. The high mountainous and hilly areas located in western China were selected as the research area. A multi-source geological remote sensing dataset containing diverse GERS feature categories and complex lithological characteristics, Multi-GL9, is constructed to fill the significant gaps in the datasets required for extensive GERS. Using overall accuracy as the evaluation index, RSWFormer achieves 92.15% and 80.23% on the Gaofen-2 and Landsat-8 datasets, respectively, surpassing existing methods. Experiments show that RSWFormer has excellent performance and wide applicability in geological mapping tasks.
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Kalkan, Erol, Chris J. Wills, and David M. Branum. "Seismic Hazard Mapping of California considering Site Effects." Earthquake Spectra 26, no. 4 (November 2010): 1039–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3478312.
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In this paper, we have combined the U.S. Geological Survey's National Seismic Hazard Maps model with the California geologic map showing 17 generalized geologic units that can be defined by their VS30. We regrouped these units into seven VS30 values and calculated a probabilistic seismic hazard map for the entire state for each VS30 value. By merging seismic hazard maps based on the seven different VS30 values, a suite of seismic hazard maps was computed for 0.2 and 1.0 s spectral ordinates at 2% probability of exceedance (PE) in 50 years. The improved hazards maps explicitly incorporate the site effects and their spatial variability on ground motion estimates. The spectral acceleration (SA) at 1.0 s map of seismic shaking potential for California has now been published as California Geological Survey Map Sheet 48.
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Craw, D. "The mapping of geological structures." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 31, no. 4 (October 1988): 525–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1988.10422149.
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Gray, David. "The mapping of geological structures." Journal of Structural Geology 11, no. 3 (January 1989): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(89)90080-1.
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Knepper, D. H. "Remote sensing for geological mapping." Geoderma 37, no. 3 (July 1986): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(86)90053-4.
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YOKOTA, Shuichiro. "Procedural Analysis of Geological Mapping." Geological data processing 1989, no. 14A (1989): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.6010/geoinformatics1975.1989.14a_81.
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Francis, T. J. G. "Rapid and efficient geological mapping." Marine Policy 9, no. 3 (July 1985): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-597x(85)90022-3.
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Treagus, Jack. "Basic geological mapping, 3rd edition." Journal of Structural Geology 18, no. 7 (July 1996): 972–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(96)89575-7.
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Patterson, G. Wesley, Geoffrey C. Collins, James W. Head, Robert T. Pappalardo, Louise M. Prockter, Baerbel K. Lucchitta, and Jonathan P. Kay. "Global geological mapping of Ganymede." Icarus 207, no. 2 (June 2010): 845–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.035.
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Jackisch, Robert, Sandra Lorenz, Moritz Kirsch, Robert Zimmermann, Laura Tusa, Markku Pirttijärvi, Ari Saartenoja, et al. "Integrated Geological and Geophysical Mapping of a Carbonatite-Hosting Outcrop in Siilinjärvi, Finland, Using Unmanned Aerial Systems." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 15, 2020): 2998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12182998.
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Mapping geological outcrops is a crucial part of mineral exploration, mine planning and ore extraction. With the advent of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) for rapid spatial and spectral mapping, opportunities arise in fields where traditional ground-based approaches are established and trusted, but fail to cover sufficient area or compromise personal safety. Multi-sensor UAS are a technology that change geoscientific research, but they are still not routinely used for geological mapping in exploration and mining due to lack of trust in their added value and missing expertise and guidance in the selection and combination of drones and sensors. To address these limitations and highlight the potential of using UAS in exploration settings, we present an UAS multi-sensor mapping approach based on the integration of drone-borne photography, multi- and hyperspectral imaging and magnetics. Data are processed with conventional methods as well as innovative machine learning algorithms and validated by geological field mapping, yielding a comprehensive and geologically interpretable product. As a case study, we chose the northern extension of the Siilinjärvi apatite mine in Finland, in a brownfield exploration setting with plenty of ground truth data available and a survey area that is partly covered by vegetation. We conducted rapid UAS surveys from which we created a multi-layered data set to investigate properties of the ore-bearing carbonatite-glimmerite body. Our resulting geologic map discriminates between the principal lithologic units and distinguishes ore-bearing from waste rocks. Structural orientations and lithological units are deduced based on high-resolution, hyperspectral image-enhanced point clouds. UAS-based magnetic data allow an insight into their subsurface geometry through modeling based on magnetic interpretation. We validate our results via ground survey including rock specimen sampling, geochemical and mineralogical analysis and spectroscopic point measurements. We are convinced that the presented non-invasive, data-driven mapping approach can complement traditional workflows in mineral exploration as a flexible tool. Mapping products based on UAS data increase efficiency and maximize safety of the resource extraction process, and reduce expenses and incidental wastes.
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Yang, Wei. "Application of Remote Sensing Technology in Geological Surveying and Mapping." Remote Sensing 9, no. 2 (October 23, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/rs.v9i2.1370.
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<p>Remote sensing technology is widely used in various industries in China, and plays its own role. In geological surveying and mapping, its remote sensing technology can optimize the process of geological surveying and mapping, change the traditional working methods, and make its geological surveying and mapping results more accurate. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the applications of remote sensing technology in geological mapping. In this paper, we need to understand the content of remote sensing technology first, and then explain the specific application of remote sensing technology in geological surveying and mapping, explain the development prospect of remote sensing technology, and provide reference for the corresponding researchers.</p>
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MASTER, SHARAD. "MAPPING BASUTOLAND: CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN GEOLOGISTS GORDON MURRAY STOCKLEY AND ALEXANDER LOGIE DU TOIT (1938–1946)." Earth Sciences History 41, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 363–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-41.2.363.
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ABSTRACT Basutoland is a former British Protectorate (now the Kingdom of Lesotho) nestled in the Maluti and Drakensberg mountains, surrounded by South Africa. Geological knowledge about Basutoland started with the activities of French missionaries in the 1830s and continued to accumulate throughout the nineteenth century. Systematic geological mapping began in 1902–1904 with the work of Ernest Schwarz and Alexander du Toit, who, while working for the Geological Commission of the Cape of Good Hope, extended their mapping activities into Basutoland. In 1905 Samuel Dornan from Morija started studying the geology of that region of Basutoland. In the 1930s rumours about the finds of diamonds prompted the British Government to map the country geologically. Gordon Stockley, a geologist experienced in mapping for the Geological Survey of Tanganyika, was seconded to Basutoland in late 1938. Stockley mapped the whole country in 11 months in 1939, and then returned to Tanganyika. His geological map, at a scale of 1:380,160 was published in 1946, and the report appeared in 1947. At the start of his mapping, Stockley wrote to du Toit asking his advice on various matters related to the geology, geomorphology and palaeontology of Basutoland. Their correspondence lasted until 1946. Stockley’s map and report on Basutoland geology laid the foundation for all future exploration and led to the discovery of several diamondiferous kimberlite pipes in the 1960s, and to the establishment of several diamond mines that contribute significantly to the economy of modern Lesotho.
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McGee, James J., and Klaus Keil. "Application of Electron Probe Microanalysis to the Study of Geological and Planetary Materials." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, no. 2 (March 2001): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100050010081.
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Abstract The impact of electron probe microanalysis on the study of geological and planetary materials has been tremendous. Electron microprobes evolved into routine analytical instruments in geological research laboratories as instrument capabilities improved and applications to geologic/planetary materials expanded. The contributions of electron probe microanalysis to the characterization of minerals, both terrestrial and extraterrestrial, and to other significant geological research, such as light element analysis, trace element analysis, and element mapping, is described.
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Henriksen, N. "Regional geological investigations and 1:500 000 mapping in North-East Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 145 (December 31, 1989): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v145.8083.
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North-East Greenland is the last major area that remains to be geologicaIly mapped in the programme of regional mapping at a scale of 1:500000. In 1988 a three-year field mapping programme was initiated aimed at regional geological studies and geological mapping in the area between 75°N and 78°N. The southern third of this region (75°-76°N) is included on the map at a scale of 1:250000 by Koch & Haller (1971), and the n0rthern part forms part of a map at a scale of 1:1 000000 (Haller, 1983). However, the region as a whole has previously only been studied on a reconnaissance basis with limited ground control, and the published maps make extensive use of aerial photograph interpretation.
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Steenfelt, A., F. Kalsbeek, and H. F. Jepsen. "Geochemical mapping and geological reconnaissance in the Nagssugtoqidian mobile belt, West Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 159 (January 1, 1993): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v159.8204.
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The Early Proterozoic Nagssugtoqidian mobile belt is geologically poorly known despite its location in the more populated part of West Greenland (Fig. 1). A detailed geological map (1:100 000; Olesen, 1984) is available for the western part of the Nordre Strømfjord area, but the remaining areas have only been mapped at 1:500 000 scale with geological reconnaissance along the coast and aerial photograph interpretation of inland areas (Map sheet 3: Søndre Strømfjord - Nugssuaq; Escher, 1971).
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Sturkell, Erik, Martin Jakobsson, and Richard Gyllencreutz. "How True are Geological Maps? An Exercise in Geological Mapping." Journal of Geoscience Education 56, no. 4 (September 2008): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-56.4.297.
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Ivanov, Plamen, Boyko Berov, Nikolay Dobrev, Miroslav Krastanov, and Stefan Frangov. "Principles for the assessment and mapping of integrated geological hazard in Bulgaria." Geologica Balcanica 46, no. 2 (November 2017): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.46.2.103.
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The territory of Bulgaria is at risk of a number of unfavorable and destructive geological processes and phenomena constituting the geological hazard. The generally high hazard degree necessitates analyzing, evaluation and mapping of the geological hazard and risk processes. Evaluation and mapping of geological risk is the final stage of a long-lasting gathering of information for each destructive geological process. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the principles and order in assessing and mapping the overall geological hazard. Typical hazardous geological processes for the territory of our country are taken into account (active faults, abrasion/sea erosion, erosion, landslides, rockfalls, collapse, swelling, liquefaction of dispersed soils, etc.). A methodological approach is presented to combine all hazardous geological processes into an integrated hazard map. The study presents the results obtained during the implementation of the project “Elaboration of analysis, evaluation and mapping of geological risk” realized in 2016 by a large research team and supported by the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works in Bulgaria.
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Journal, IJSREM. "LITHO-STRUCTURAL MAPPING USING REMOTE SENSING AND FIELD WORK TECHNIQUES: A CASE STUDY FROM CENTRAL SALT RANGE ARA, RAWAL AND SIDHANDI VILLAGE, PUNJAB PAKISTAN." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 01 (January 8, 2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem27905.
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In the Central Salt Range lithological structural mapping has been a great challenge and of great interest to geologists as it is in rugged and inaccessible mountain terrain. In this paper a comprehensive lithological mapping conducted in the villages of Ara, Rawal and Sidhandi which are located in Central Salt Range region of Punjab, Pakistan. This study uses a combination of remote sensing techniques and field work to elucidate the geological and structural characteristics of the study area. Due to complex tectonic history and mineral resources Central Salt Range is of great geological interest. In this research we combined data from geological field observations and satellite images to produce detailed lithological and structural maps. Remote sensing data help to identify surface features and geological structures. These ground truth observations are complemented by extensive field work including geological mapping and structural analysis. Our work represent a diverse rock composition in the study area, including sedimentary rocks and various fault systems. We classify fault zones on basis of their characteristics, and our structural analysis provides insight into the fault history of the region. Moreover, the study discusses the implications of these geological features for understanding regional tectonics, potential mineral deposits, and land resources in the area. This work demonstrates the synergy between remote sensing techniques and fieldwork in understanding the geological complexities of the Central Salt Range. This work provides valuable information for geological mapping and risk assessment in the area. Additionally, this research demonstrates the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in geological investigations, emphasizing the importance of integrating remote sensing and field data to enhance our understanding of complex geological environments. Keywords: Litho-structural mapping, Remote sensing, Fieldwork techniques, Central Salt Range, Ara, Rawal, and Sidhandi villages, Punjab, Pakistan, Geological analysis, Satellite imagery, Structural mapping, Fault systems, Geological features, Tectonic history, Mineral resources, Sedimentary rocks, Deformation history
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Yang, Peng, Kamran Esmaeili, Sebastian Goodfellow, and Juan Carlos Ordóñez Calderón. "Mine Pit Wall Geological Mapping Using UAV-Based RGB Imaging and Unsupervised Learning." Remote Sensing 15, no. 6 (March 18, 2023): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15061641.
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In surface mining operations, geological pit wall mapping is important since it provides significant information on the surficial geological features throughout the pit wall faces, thereby improving geological certainty and operational planning. Conventional pit wall geological mapping techniques generally rely on close visual observations and laboratory testing results, which can be both time- and labour-intensive and can expose the technical staff to different safety hazards on the ground. In this work, a case study was conducted by investigating the use of drone-acquired RGB images for pit wall mapping. High spatial resolution RGB image data were collected using a commercially available unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) at two gold mines in Nevada, USA. Cluster maps were produced using unsupervised learning algorithms, including the implementation of convolutional autoencoders, to explore the use of unlabelled image data for pit wall geological mapping purposes. While the results are promising for simple geological settings, they deviate from human-labelled ground truth maps in more complex geological conditions. This indicates the need to further optimize and explore the algorithms to increase robustness for more complex geological cases.
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Oloruntosin Tolulope Joel and Vincent Ugochukwu Oguanobi. "Geological data utilization in renewable energy mapping and volcanic region carbon storage feasibility." Open Access Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 6, no. 2 (May 30, 2024): 063–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjet.2024.6.2.0022.
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Geological data plays a crucial role in mapping renewable energy resources and assessing the feasibility of carbon storage in volcanic regions. This review explores the utilization of geological data in these areas, highlighting its significance and implications. Geological data is fundamental in mapping renewable energy resources, such as geothermal and hydroelectric energy. By analyzing geological structures, researchers can identify areas with high potential for these renewable energy sources. This mapping is essential for sustainable energy planning, as it allows policymakers to prioritize regions for renewable energy development based on geological suitability. Additionally, geological data is instrumental in assessing the feasibility of carbon storage in volcanic regions. Volcanic rocks have the potential to store carbon dioxide through mineral carbonation, a process where CO2 reacts with minerals to form stable carbonates. Geological data, including rock composition, porosity, and permeability, is used to evaluate the capacity of volcanic rocks to store carbon dioxide safely and effectively. The utilization of geological data in renewable energy mapping and volcanic region carbon storage feasibility has significant implications for sustainable energy development and climate change mitigation. By mapping renewable energy resources, countries can reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and transition to cleaner, more sustainable energy sources. Furthermore, assessing the feasibility of carbon storage in volcanic regions can help mitigate the impacts of climate change by sequestering CO2 emissions from industrial sources. In conclusion, geological data plays a crucial role in mapping renewable energy resources and assessing the feasibility of carbon storage in volcanic regions. By leveraging geological data, policymakers and researchers can make informed decisions about sustainable energy development and climate change mitigation.
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Van Gorsel, J. T. (Han), and Bernhard Gunzenhauser. "August Tobler, the Swiss Pioneer of South Sumatra Geological Mapping, 1900-1912." Berita Sedimentologi 47, no. 1 (August 15, 2021): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51835/bsed.2021.47.1.54.
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Dr. August Tobler was a well-known Swiss geologist, who, as one of the very first petroleum field geologists in the Netherlands Indies, did more than ten years of geological mapping in the tiger-infested jungles of South Sumatra. He first worked for the Koninklijke/Royal Dutch and Moeara Enim oil companies in South Sumatra from 1900 to 1904. This was followed by six more years of geological mapping in the Jambi basin, as the first non-Dutch geoscientist at the Dienst van het Mijnwezen (Geological Survey). His thoroughly documented monographs and geologic maps of his geological fieldwork in the Palembang and Jambi basins of South Sumatra, as well as the adjacent Barisan Mountains, set new standards for quality and detail.Much of the personal information on Dr. Tobler is from papers by Kugler (1930, 1963), Oppenoorth (1930), Stehlin (1931) and Hottinger (2013). This paper is one of the chapters from a new book that is being prepared by the first author, entitled Pioneers and Milestones of Indonesian Geology (~1820-1960).
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Harvey, A. S., and G. Fotopoulos. "GEOLOGICAL MAPPING USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-423-2016.
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Remotely sensed spectral imagery, geophysical (magnetic and gravity), and geodetic (elevation) data are useful in a variety of Earth science applications such as environmental monitoring and mineral exploration. Using these data with Machine Learning Algorithms (MLA), which are widely used in image analysis and statistical pattern recognition applications, may enhance preliminary geological mapping and interpretation. This approach contributes towards a rapid and objective means of geological mapping in contrast to conventional field expedition techniques. In this study, four supervised MLAs (naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbour, random forest, and support vector machines) are compared in order to assess their performance for correctly identifying geological rocktypes in an area with complete ground validation information. Geological maps of the Sudbury region are used for calibration and validation. Percent of correct classifications was used as indicators of performance. Results show that random forest is the best approach. As expected, MLA performance improves with more calibration clusters, i.e. a more uniform distribution of calibration data over the study region. Performance is generally low, though geological trends that correspond to a ground validation map are visualized. Low performance may be the result of poor spectral images of bare rock which can be covered by vegetation or water. The distribution of calibration clusters and MLA input parameters affect the performance of the MLAs. Generally, performance improves with more uniform sampling, though this increases required computational effort and time. With the achievable performance levels in this study, the technique is useful in identifying regions of interest and identifying general rocktype trends. In particular, phase I geological site investigations will benefit from this approach and lead to the selection of sites for advanced surveys.
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Chai, Ted Sing. "Review of digital geological mapping techniques." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 46 (May 1, 2003): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm46200328.
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Coelho, Jório. "The importance of urban geological mapping." REM - International Engineering Journal 75, no. 2 (April 2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0370-44672022750009.
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Harvey, A. S., and G. Fotopoulos. "GEOLOGICAL MAPPING USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-423-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Remotely sensed spectral imagery, geophysical (magnetic and gravity), and geodetic (elevation) data are useful in a variety of Earth science applications such as environmental monitoring and mineral exploration. Using these data with Machine Learning Algorithms (MLA), which are widely used in image analysis and statistical pattern recognition applications, may enhance preliminary geological mapping and interpretation. This approach contributes towards a rapid and objective means of geological mapping in contrast to conventional field expedition techniques. In this study, four supervised MLAs (naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbour, random forest, and support vector machines) are compared in order to assess their performance for correctly identifying geological rocktypes in an area with complete ground validation information. Geological maps of the Sudbury region are used for calibration and validation. Percent of correct classifications was used as indicators of performance. Results show that random forest is the best approach. As expected, MLA performance improves with more calibration clusters, i.e. a more uniform distribution of calibration data over the study region. Performance is generally low, though geological trends that correspond to a ground validation map are visualized. Low performance may be the result of poor spectral images of bare rock which can be covered by vegetation or water. The distribution of calibration clusters and MLA input parameters affect the performance of the MLAs. Generally, performance improves with more uniform sampling, though this increases required computational effort and time. With the achievable performance levels in this study, the technique is useful in identifying regions of interest and identifying general rocktype trends. In particular, phase I geological site investigations will benefit from this approach and lead to the selection of sites for advanced surveys.
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Shi, Zhiqun, and Graham Butt. "New enhancement filters for geological mapping." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2004, no. 1 (December 2004): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2004ab129.
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Stewart, A. J. "The geological mapping of central Australia." Applied Earth Science 123, no. 4 (December 2014): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743275814y.0000000062.
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YOKOTA, Shuichiro. "Procedural Analysis of Geological Mapping (2)." Geoinformatics 1, no. 2 (1990): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.6010/geoinformatics1990.1.2_205.
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Battaglini, L., S. D′Angelo, and A. Fiorentino. "Mapping geological events in submerged areas." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 54, no. 1 (July 20, 2020): qjegh2020–031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2020-031.
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EMODnet Geology Project work package 6 collects information regarding ‘Geological events and probabilities’, including submarine landslides, earthquakes, volcanic centres, tsunamis, fluid emissions and tectonics. The elaboration of guidelines to compile GIS layers was aimed at identifying parameters to be used to thoroughly characterize each event. Particular attention has been devoted to the definition of the ‘Attribute tables’ in order to achieve the best degree of harmonization and standardization complying with the European INSPIRE Directive. Due to the different geological settings of European seas it was necessary to elaborate a comprehensive and detailed pattern of attributes for the different features, in order to represent each occurrence at different scales. The huge amount of data received has been processed, validated and standardized, thus obtaining homogeneous data layers at a European level. Metadata and available information collated during the project are displayed on the EMODnet Geology Portal (http://www.emodnet-geology.eu/). By combining all these data it may be possible to elaborate additional thematic maps which could support further research as well as land planning and management. The Geological Survey of Italy is testing one of these potential applications, which addresses the production of a structural model for submerged areas in Italy.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Mapping the Geology and Topography of the European Seas (EMODnet) collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/EMODnet
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Gaich, Andreas, and Gerald Pischinger. "3D images for digital geological mapping." Geomechanics and Tunnelling 9, no. 1 (February 2016): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/geot.201500048.
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Vikhot, Yuriy, Solomiia Kril, and Ihor Bubniak. "DIGITAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING AND GEODATA ANALYSIS USING TOOLS AND PLUGINS OF QGIS." SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF DONNTU Series: “The Mining and Geology”, no. 1(27)-2(28)2022 (2022): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2073-9575-2022-1(27)-2(28)-122-135.
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Purpose. The article aims is to demonstrate the possibilities, methods and advantages of using Quantum GIS (QGIS) plugins and mobile applications for digital geological mapping, input and primary analysis of field geodata in Earth Sciences – Structural Geology, Engineering Geology, Hydrogeology, Ecology, Geophysics, etc. Methodology. The most important tools and plugins of QGIS, an open source GIS program, that works on the most widespread platforms – Windows, MacOS X, Linux and applications on Android, iOS for digital mapping, structural geodata analysis, and visualization are used. Results. The most important tools and plugins of QGIS (Georeferencer GDAL, GarminCustomMap, Profile Tool, VoGIS-ProfilTool, qProf, qgSurf, Stereonet, qgis2web, and QField mobile application) are analyzed. Their using for digital geological mapping, input and analysis of structural and other geodata, construction of 2D topographic profiles, visualization of geodata in web browsers are briefly described. Scientific novelty. Tools and plugins of QGIS, which are necessary for certain purposes for working with various types of data on geological maps, their analysis, and construction of geological and geophysical profiles are defined. QGIS software applications allow to add new plugins, create your own notations for digital mapping that can be used to solve specific geological tasks and analyze geospatial and geological data, or add ready-made specialized geological notations according to geological standards. Practical significance. Complex using of basic, additional external plugins of QGIS and specialized geological markings contributes to effective field digital mapping, modern visualization of various types of geological maps with spatial reference, creation of new digital electronic and complex demonstration maps for printing and visualization in web browsers, construction topographic and geological 2D profiles, GIS analysis of structural geodata, slope analysis, etc. Data obtained in QGIS can be imported into such specialized programs as Petrel Exploration & Production Software Platform (Shlumberger), MOVE Software (Midland Valley), etc. Keywords: Quantum GIS or QGIS, QGIS tools and plugins, digital geological mapping, QField, GIS analysis of structural geodata, slope analysis.
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SMITH, MICHAEL S., and ANNE CARTER WITT. "THE FIRST NORTH CAROLINA GEOLOGICAL MAPS: DENISON OLMSTED AND ELISHA MITCHELL, 1821–1842." Earth Sciences History 41, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-41.2.229.
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ABSTRACT The first state-sponsored geological maps for North Carolina were produced by Denison Olmsted and Elisha Mitchell and reflect the development of geologic thought, as well as the practical applications to which geology was being applied, at the beginning of the 19th century in the eastern United States. Despite Merrill’s (1964) dismissal of their mapping and descriptions as too general and of a reconnaissance approach, all studies of nature must have a starting point. Prior to the underfunded geological survey of North Carolina, the evaluation and location of natural resources in the eastern United States was spotty and often never reported. Although only the Mitchell (1829a) county-scale geological map of the gold regions of the North Carolina Piedmont garnered widespread dissemination as a result of the publicity surrounding the gold ‘boom’ in the region, the publication of the Olmsted (1825a, 1827) and Mitchell (1828a, 1829b) geological survey reports provided publicly available details and descriptions. Mitchell continued as a behind-the-scenes advocate for geological investigations in North Carolina even after the closing of the North Carolina geological survey in 1827. His travels, investigations, and observations culminated in his 1842 textbook and its accompanying geological map. Although this geological map still continued to use modified Wernerian stratigraphic terminology, the descriptive text on the units and their interrelationships indicated a continuing evolution of thought on the geological history of the state. The 1842 map continued to be used until at least 1877, when W. C. Kerr (1827–1885) and the 3rd North Carolina Geological Survey undertook a more detailed and comprehensive investigation (and mapping) of the geological framework of North Carolina (Holmes 1887). Thus, two men from very different backgrounds (both Yale, AB, 1813) and interests, and mainly self-taught in the geological sciences, provided the first steps in the description and mapping of North Carolina’s natural resources. Compared to the accomplishments of the later geological surveys, their work was limited in scope and detail. But, for North Carolina geology, and that of the southeastern United States, they were the forerunners in the field.
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Mwaniki, M. W., M. S. Moeller, and G. Schellmann. "A comparison of Landsat 8 (OLI) and Landsat 7 (ETM+) in mapping geology and visualising lineaments: A case study of central region Kenya." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 30, 2015): 897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-897-2015.
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Availability of multispectral remote sensing data cheaply and its higher spectral resolution compared to remote sensing data with higher spatial resolution has proved valuable for geological mapping exploitation and mineral mapping. This has benefited applications such as landslide quantification, fault pattern mapping, rock and lineament mapping especially with advanced remote sensing techniques and the use of short wave infrared bands. While Landsat and Aster data have been used to map geology in arid areas and band ratios suiting the application established, mapping in geology in highland regions has been challenging due to vegetation land cover. The aim of this study was to map geology and investigate bands suited for geological applications in a study area containing semi arid and highland characteristics. Therefore, Landsat 7 (ETM+, 2000) and Landsat 8 (OLI, 2014) were compared in determining suitable bands suited for geological mapping in the study area. The methodology consist performing principal component and factor loading analysis, IHS transformation and decorrelation stretch of the FCC with the highest contrast, band rationing and examining FCC with highest contrast, and then performing knowledge base classification. PCA factor loading analysis with emphasis on geological information showed band combination (5, 7, 3) for Landsat 7 and (6, 7, 4) for Landsat 8 had the highest contrast and more contrast was enhanced by performing decorrelation stretch. Band ratio combination (3/2, 5/1, 7/3) for Landsat 7 and (4/3, 6/2, 7/4) for Landsat 8 had more contrast on geologic information and formed the input data in knowledge base classification. Lineament visualisazion was achieved by performing IHS transformation of FCC with highest contrast and its saturation band combined as follows: Landsat 7 (IC1, PC2, saturation band), Landsat 8 (IC1, PC4, saturation band). The results were compared against existing geology maps and were superior and could be used to update the existing maps.
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Chen, Lei, Fengkai Zhang, Yuxiao Ren, Xinji Xu, Zhichao Yang, and Ming Li. "Tunnel Prospecting Based on Integrated Interpretation of Geophysical Data: Xiangyun Tunnel, Yunnan Province, China." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 24, no. 1 (March 2019): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/jeeg24.1.63.
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With China's expanding economy, many tunnels are being designed and constructed. However, tunneling in hazardous geologic terrain, with faults, fractures, water-bearing openings, and other adverse geological conditions, construction safety is seriously endangered. To ensure the safety of tunnel construction, a tunnel geological prospecting method was proposed and applied at the Xiangyun Tunnel in Yunnan Province, China. In the investigation stage, the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions were analyzed to recognize high-risk sections. In the construction stage, the “tunnel ahead” prospecting scheme was optimized based on the macroscopic geological conditions. Geological mapping of the tunnel, seismic ahead prospecting and transient electromagnetic soundings were employed as well as resistivity models to image potential adverse conditions. Horizontal drilling and tunnel excavation records verified the geophysical predictions and interpretations.
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Hood, Peter J., and Dennis J. Teskey. "Aeromagnetic gradiometer program of the Geological Survey of Canada." GEOPHYSICS 54, no. 8 (August 1989): 1012–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442726.
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During the past two decades, the Geological Survey of Canada Aeromagnetic Survey Group, consisting of geophysicists, electronic engineers, technicians, and computer scientists, developed the aeromagnetic gradiometer technique for mineral exploration. The same group ran the aeromagnetic survey program in Canada, perhaps the largest such continuing aeromagnetic survey program in the world. In 1973, fabrication commenced on an inboard vertical gradiometer system on the GSC Queenair aeromagnetic survey aircraft. During the period 1978–1981, a number of experimental gradiometer surveys were carried out by the Geological Survey of Canada to demonstrate the efficacy of the aeromagnetic gradiometry technique as a geologic mapping tool in mineral exploration programs. Because of a need for aeromagnetic gradiometer surveys in the topographically rugged Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec, the GSC began in 1983 to foster the development of helicopter‐borne gradiometer systems through R and D contracts. Four companies responded and built towed‐boom helicopter gradiometer systems which have now been used in surveys in four eastern provinces. It is clear that the aeromagnetic gradiometer technique combined with VLF EM is an excellent geophysical tool to improve the accuracy of detailed geologic mapping for mineral exploration programs. VLF EM is an inexpensive add‐on that materially improves the geologic mapping capability of the airborne system. The product in color pixel form is in essence a pseudogeologic map and it is presently being employed as such.
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Albert, Gáspár. "The changing use-cases of medium and large-scale geological maps in Hungary." Proceedings of the ICA 2 (July 10, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-4-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Systematic geological mapping of a country is done mainly by state authorities often involving industrial and academic partners in the process. The resolution of the result is controlled primarily by the financial background of the firms and the scale of the available base maps. In Hungary the state authority for geological mapping was established in 1869. Prior to this, geological maps were aimed to give an overview of the country. Later the mapping campaigns focused on providing support for the industry, agriculture and civil engineering. The need for detailed maps of raw materials led to increased efforts and founding, but from the end of the 1970s the mining industry did not need more maps and the geological mapping campaigns lost their inertia. Parallel with this, in the Cold War era, the ban to use detailed topography on geological maps ruined the ergonomic value of the produced cartographic materials. After the collapse of the socialist economy in 1989 the state authority concentrated on digitizing the existing data instead of systematic geological mapping. Geological maps became an illustration of extensive contributed books about certain regions, which were made by scientists for scientist. Though, many of these medium-scale geological maps are now provided via internet, large-scale maps are not available. In the last decade, the use-case of the geological maps seem to be changing again. The geological information interests not only the professionals, but the larger audience as well. Also, the spreading of geotourism, created a need to compile geotourist maps.</p>
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Bockhorn, Britta, Knud Erik Strøyberg Klint, Marina Bergen Jensen, and Ingelise Møller. "Use of geological mapping tools to improve the hydraulic performance of SuDS." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 10 (March 18, 2015): 1492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.125.
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Most cities in Denmark are situated on low permeable clay rich deposits. These sediments are of glacial origin and range among the most heterogeneous, with hydraulic conductivities spanning several orders of magnitude. This heterogeneity has obvious consequences for the sizing of sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS). We have tested methods to reveal geological heterogeneity at field scale to identify the most suitable sites for the placement of infiltration elements and to minimize their required size. We assessed the geological heterogeneity of a clay till plain in Eastern Jutland, Denmark measuring the shallow subsurface resistivity with a geoelectrical multi-electrode system. To confirm the resistivity data we conducted a spear auger mapping. The exposed sediments ranged from clay tills over sandy clay tills to sandy tills and correspond well to the geoelectrical data. To verify the value of geological information for placement of infiltration elements we carried out a number of infiltration tests on geologically different areas across the field, and we observed infiltration rates two times higher in the sandy till area than in the clay till area, thus demonstrating that the hydraulic performance of SuDS can be increased considerably and oversizing avoided if field geological heterogeneity is revealed before placing SuDS.
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Zamari, Muhamad Asyraf, Tajul Ariffin Musa, Edy Tonnizam Mohamad, Ivin Amri Musliman, and Wan Anom Wan Aris. "GEOSPATIAL APPROACH FOR GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION AT DISTRICT OF MERSING." Journal of Information System and Technology Management 6, no. 24 (December 1, 2021): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jistm.624018.
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Effective geological information evaluation is essential for accurate site characterization. A major concern in geological mapping is to locate the accurate location of the geological information. The geoinformation approach such as precise GPS surveying and UAV mapping could be integrated with other geospatial information to augment the geological information. This research aims to integrate the geoinformation approach into geological structure mapping. To achieve the overall purpose of the study, the objective identified was the establishment of a high-precision control point by using Precise GPS measurement in the study area. Therefore, the establishment of GPS data observations involves the establishment of primary networks and several GPS controls points within the study area. Subsequently, the GPS positioning has been processed to produce a topographic information map and to support the collection of geological data in the study area. It is hoped that the integration of the geoinformation approach has been provided a significant increase in geological information at the district of Mersing.
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KROCHAK, Maryna. "МEMORIES ON THE FIELD COURSE IN GEOLOGICAL MAPPING." Ukrainian Geologist, no. 1-2(44-45) (June 30, 2021): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53087/ug.2021.1-2(44-45).238970.
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This article is a memory of the field course in geological mapping. It was a part of studying process of the author while her education at the Geology & Geophysics Department, Novosibirsk University. The practice took place in the 80s of the last century in the steppe region of the Khakassia Autonomous Region (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia) at the university’s geological training camp. The article features a technique of creating a geological map of the site. Geological strata were distinguished by lithological features. However, the instructors did not indicate the real geological age of the deposits to the students because it was believed that such information is unnecessary for them. The main task of students was to master the methods of geological mapping of an unknown territory. Students covered the site with routes along the cross of the strike of sediments. Students had to recognize these sediments, determine the area of their distribution, divide them into stratigraphic horizons and give them their own names. Then students marked the boundaries of the rock layers at outcrops and the elements of their occurrence on the topographic base. This original teaching method gave a positive result. Students have developed a geological map of the training site where certain stratigraphic horizons were shown with real bedding elements. This approach contributed to the independent creative work of students. Students felt themselves like pioneer geologists who came to this territory for the first time, conducted geological mapping and gave names to geological strata that are exposed. In addition, this method excluded the possibility of cheating and copying the existing real geological map. The article presents memories of the young nineteen-year-old student’s perception of the features of field geology, expeditionary life and collective work. With a certain degree of self-irony the author brings his thoughts, feelings and impressions of nature. The experience gained during this field practice has become the basis of the author’s professional skills and now helps us in educational process.
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Gusev, Evgeny. "Results and prospects of geological mapping of the Arctic shelf of Russia." Записки Горного института 255 (July 26, 2022): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2022.50.
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The results of compiling the sets of the State Geological Map at a scale of 1:1,000,000 for the Arctic continental shelf of Russia are analyzed. Results are summed up, and the main problems of geological mapping are outlined. The results of geological and geophysical studies of the Arctic Ocean are of great importance for deciphering the geological evolution. The Arctic shelf is the widest shelf in the world, while the spreading ocean basin is one of the narrowest and is characterized by anomalous structural features. The main problems of geological mapping include identification the sedimentary cover/folded basement boundary, interpretation the geodynamic evolution of the shelf and adjacent ocean, determining the rates of sedimentation and stratigraphic subdivision of the sedimentary cover due to a small number of key boreholes. It is promising to further study problem areas with unclear features of geological structure as well as small-scale mapping in areas of industrial development on the Arctic continental shelf.