Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Geological Survey of Queensland'

The study reported here, constitutes a full review of the major geological events that have influenced the morphological development of the southeast Queensland region. Most importantly, it provides evidence that the region’s physiography continues to be geologically ‘active’ and although earthquakes are presently few and of low magnitude, many past events and tectonic regimes continue to be strongly influential over drainage, morphology and topography. Southeast Queensland is typified by highland terrain of metasedimentary and igneous rocks that are parallel and close to younger, lowland coastal terrain. The region is currently situated in a passive margin tectonic setting that is now under compressive stress, although in the past, the region was subject to alternating extensional and compressive regimes. As part of the investigation, the effects of many past geological events upon landscape morphology have been assessed at multiple scales using features such as the location and orientation of drainage channels, topography, faults, fractures, scarps, cleavage, volcanic centres and deposits, and recent earthquake activity. A number of hypotheses for local geological evolution are proposed and discussed. This study has also utilised a geographic information system (GIS) approach that successfully amalgamates the various types and scales of datasets used. A new method of stream ordination has been developed and is used to compare the orientation of channels of similar orders with rock fabric, in a topologically controlled approach that other ordering systems are unable to achieve. Stream pattern analysis has been performed and the results provide evidence that many drainage systems in southeast Queensland are controlled by known geological structures and by past geological events. The results conclude that drainage at a fine scale is controlled by cleavage, joints and faults, and at a broader scale, large river valleys, such as those of the Brisbane River and North Pine River, closely follow the location of faults. These rivers appear to have become entrenched by differential weathering along these planes of weakness. Significantly, stream pattern analysis has also identified some ‘anomalous’ drainage that suggests the orientations of these watercourses are geologically controlled, but by unknown causes. To the north of Brisbane, a ‘coastal drainage divide’ has been recognized and is described here. The divide crosses several lithological units of different age, continues parallel to the coast and prevents drainage from the highlands flowing directly to the coast for its entire length. Diversion of low order streams away from the divide may be evidence that a more recent process may be the driving force. Although there is no conclusive evidence for this at present, it is postulated that the divide may have been generated by uplift or doming associated with mid-Cenozoic volcanism or a blind thrust at depth. Also north of Brisbane, on the D’Aguilar Range, an elevated valley (the ‘Kilcoy Gap’) has been identified that may have once drained towards the coast and now displays reversed drainage that may have resulted from uplift along the coastal drainage divide and of the D’Aguilar blocks. An assessment of the distribution and intensity of recent earthquakes in the region indicates that activity may be associated with ancient faults. However, recent movement on these faults during these events would have been unlikely, given that earthquakes in the region are characteristically of low magnitude. There is, however, evidence that compressive stress is building and being released periodically and ancient faults may be a likely place for this stress to be released. The relationship between ancient fault systems and the Tweed Shield Volcano has also been discussed and it is suggested here that the volcanic activity was associated with renewed faulting on the Great Moreton Fault System during the Cenozoic. The geomorphology and drainage patterns of southeast Queensland have been compared with expected morphological characteristics found at passive and other tectonic settings, both in Australia and globally. Of note are the comparisons with the East Brazilian Highlands, the Gulf of Mexico and the Blue Ridge Escarpment, for example. In conclusion, the results of the study clearly show that, although the region is described as a passive margin, its complex, past geological history and present compressive stress regime provide a more intricate and varied landscape than would be expected along typical passive continental margins. The literature review provides background to the subject and discusses previous work and methods, whilst the findings are presented in three peer-reviewed, published papers. The methods, hypotheses, suggestions and evidence are discussed at length in the final chapter.

An intensive survey of the high angle asymmetric gravel-bed confluence of the Fraser River Main Channel with Minto Side Channel, downstream of a mid-channel island, was conducted using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (aDcp) during the freshet in June, 2008 at a combined discharge of 7 500 m 3/s. The confluence was characterized by a vertical mixing interface, with the Minto high velocity core being advected downwards in the upstream part of the scour zone; weaker helical flow is evident in the main channel flow as it confines the strongly helical left bank flow. Apparent bed velocity generally followed the thalweg, with the highest values near 0.15 m/s occurring at the edges of the scour zone and along the elongated bed step. In plotted spatial distributions, the areas of high primary bed velocity matched areas of high shear velocity and/or strongly upward vertical flow velocity.

The 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake resulted in huge casualty and heavy strike to the local economy. Consequently, Chengdu Plain, with dense population and short distance to the highly active Longmen Shan fault zone needs an evaluation of the risk of earthquake as soon as possible. As part of a big project, we conducted mapping of gravity anomaly of Chengdu Plain in order to locate the possible buried fault zones beneath the Chengdu Plain. In this project a total of 640 km2 area was surveyed, and 230 relative gravity data have been collected along six profiles with each extending to about 70 km across the plain area. 140 more spots were measured around the city area in order to have a more precise delineation of geological structures beneath the city region. The Bouguer gravity anomaly has been calculated to delineate the large-scale anomaly trend on the surface. Data analyses presented that a coincidence between the sedimentation thickness and the residual gravity anomaly. The minimum residual anomalies suggested locations where depo-centers used to located (Pengzhou-Chongzhou, across Xinsheng County). The long-wave trend of Bouguer anomaly which reflects the deeply buried Moho discontinuity presented a northwest dipping trend of this density boundary underneath the plain region.
published_or_final_version
Earth Sciences
Master
Master of Philosophy

Landsat Thematic Mapper, NSOOl Aircraft Thematic Mapper, Geoscan Mk. II. Multispectral Scanner and Airborne Gamma Radiometric data have been used to address a variety of geological problems in the Mary Kathleen area, 60 km east of Mt. Isa, NW Queensland. This area forms part of the Cloncurry Complex, a structurally complicated mass of diverse igneous and metamorphic rocks in the Precambrian Mt. Isa Inlier for which many stratigraphic problems remain to be solved. The Landsat Thematic Mapper data have been the most extensively used in this study. They are the least problematic data type and provide new geological information at scales up to 1:50 000. The NSOOl Aircraft Thematic Mapper data have similar spectral but superior spatial resolution in comparison with the satellite data. They suffer from increased geometric and noise-related problems, but the increase in spatial resolution has allowed the solution of problems, at scales up to 1:10 000, which could not be comprehensively addressed with the satellite data. The higher spectral resolution Geoscan Mk. II Multispectral Scanner aircraft data used in the latter part of the study can be used to remotely identify surface mineralogy. The logarithmic residual technique has proved the most successful approach to enhancing the radiance data sets. When applied to the lower spectral resolution data the technique achieves good discrimination of most lithologies, produces an albedo image useful for structural mapping and yields more information than can be extracted using conventional techniques. When applied to the higher spectral resolution data the technique allows remote mineral identification. Many of the geological problems in the area have been wholly or partially solved using suitably processed radiance data. The Airborne Gamma Radiometric data have the lowest spatial resolution. Only discrimination has been possible with this data set. These data contain no terrain information and are therefore difficult to use in the field. Integration of the gamma radiometric data with satellite data has been successful in overcoming this problem. The gamma radiometric data have allowed the separation of some lithologies which cannot be separated using the radiance data sets but have contrasting radiometric counts.

Clementine multi-spectral data have been used to investigate the geological history of lunar basalts in Mare Humorum, southeast Oceanus Procellarum and Mare Serenitatis. These data have enabled 109 discrete basaltic units to be identified in Mare Humorum and southeast Oceanus Procellarum, while 48 units have been identified in and around Mare Serenitatis. The ages of a number of these units have been inferred by correlating their crater densities with the densities of units from which returned radiometrically-dated samples were collected. Histograms are presented showing that the most extensive volcanic activity in these areas occurred in the Upper Imbrian Period. The depth of basalt has been estimated at locations where an impact has penetrated through to the underlying highland material. The minimum depth of basalt has been inferred from the depth/diameter relationship for a number of impacts which have only penetrated the basalt. These actual and minimum depths have been used to infer the cross sections of Mare Humorum and Mare Serenitatis. These profiles have been used to estimate the minimum volume of basalt in each basin. Evidence is presented from Clementine TiO2 wt% data that vertical, rather than lateral transport of ejecta, is a more efficient method of contaminating basalts with highland material. It is suggested that vertical contamination produces a coarse correlation between the depth of basalt and TiO2 wt%. The possibility of using TiO2 wt% data to imply the depth of a sequence of basaltic lava flows is examined. The extent of lava flows from a number vents in the Herigonius region has been investigated using variations in TiO2 wt% on the walls of rilles. It is also shown that particular sections of the rilles were probably fed from separate sources and these have been identified.

Recent work by Bob Melia of Real Time Thermal Imaging L.L.C. suggests thermal infrared (TIR) imaging can be used to identify subsurface archaeological features buried as deep as 3 meters but the basis for his work has not been tested. In November of 2002, Bob Melia and I attempted to locate unmarked graves at the Charity Hospital Cemetery using TIR imaging. Unfortunately, shortly after that survey, Bob Melia passed away without documenting his work or preparing the final report. Based on a review of previous research and modeling related to TIR imaging of subsurface features, I conclude that the high altitude that Bob Melia used for this type of study was key to his success. The larger field of view allowed recognition of longer spatial wavelength anomalies and more subtle temperature variations expected from features at greater depths than those in previous studies. Furthermore detecting features at these depths is aided by diurnal heating but is primarily made possible because annual seasonal temperature variations are significant 3-4 meters deep.

The geological history of the Early Palaeozoic in eastern Australia is not known precisely. The eastern margin of the outcropping Precambrian Craton 'Tasman Line' is poorly understood. The Thomson Orogen, which underlies much of eastern Queensland, lies to the east of the Tasman Line. Basement to the Tasman Orogenic Zone is poorly understood, but knowledge of this basement is critical to our understanding to the processes that formed the eastern margin of the Precambrian craton. The Lolworth-Ravenswood Province lies to the east of the Tasman Line in northeast Queensland. A study of basement terranes in the Lolworth-Ravenswood Province will therefore provide some insights as to the nature of crust beneath this area, and therefore to the basement to the Thomson Orogen. The Fat Hen Creek Complex comprises para-authchthonous bodies of granitoid within middle to upper amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks. Data contained herein demonstrate that the composition and geochemistry of the granitoid are compatible with the generation of the granitoid by partial anatexis of the metamorphic rocks that are part of the Cape River Metamorphics. Temperature and pressure of anatexis is determined to be between 800-850OC and 5-9kb. Under these conditions, experimental data indicate that meta-pelite and meta-greywacke will produce between 5-10% melt coexisting with biotite, cordierite, garnet and plagioclase. The mineralogy of the granitoid bodies in the Fat Hen Creek Complex is consistent with partial anatexis of meta-greywacke at these temperatures and pressures. 5-10% melt is generally insufficient to allow efficient separation of melt and restite. The granitoids of the Fat Hen Creek Complex are interpreted as being a closed system with melt generated during high-grade metamorphism not separating from the residium. U/Pb dating of zircon from the Fat Hen Creek Complex indicate two distinct periods of zircon growth. The older episode occurred during the Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician. A second episode is dated as Middle Ordovician. This younger age coincides with the onset of regional compression, and may be related to exhumation of a mid-crustal layer during thrusting. The Lolworth Batholith is one of three granite batholiths in the Lolworth-Ravenswood Province. It comprises mainly muscovite-biotite granite, with smaller areas of hornblende-biotite granite to granodiorite. Sills and dykes of muscovite and garnet-muscovite leucogranite extensively intrude both of these types. The hornblende-biotite granite to granodiorite is metaluminous, with petrographic and geochemical characteristics similar to the adjacent Ravenswood Batholith. U-Pb SHRIMP ages also overlap with those from the Ravenswood Batholith. ENd(tc) values of ~-3 suggest a significant crustal contribution in the magma. Zircon populations determined using the SHRIMP suggest some inheritance from a Neoproterozoic source. The two-mica granites make up over 80% of the batholith and show little variation throughout. Aluminium Saturation indices range dominantly from 1-1.1, in keeping with the muscovite-bearing nature of the granites. U-Pb ages are significantly younger than the hornblende-biotite granitoids. ENd(tc) is ~-10, suggesting a greater role for crustal material in these granites than in the hornblende-bearing varieties. Previously, these granites were interpreted as S-types, mainly on the basis of the presence of muscovite. Low Na/Ca and Na greater than K are both considered as indicators of source compositions and both are characteristic of a mafic igneous rather than a meta-sedimentary source. Anatexis of mafic igneous rocks at temperatures less than~1000OC are found experimentally to produce peraluminous melts similar to those which produced the two-mica granites. The third major rock-type in the Lolworth Batholith is muscovite leucogranite, which occurs as sills and dykes intruding older granites and basement. The age of the leucogranite was not determined, but it has sharp contacts with the two-mica granite suggesting that the latter had cooled prior to intrusion of the former. The leucogranite is strongly peraluminous and is deemed to have been derived from anatexis of a supra-crustal (meta-sedimentary) source. The batholith is therefore deemed to comprise three different elements. The hornblende-biotite granitoids are the western extension of the adjacent Ravenswood Batholith. The two-mica granite and muscovite leucogranite are derived from different sources, but may be part of the same crustal anatexis event. During the Early Palaeozoic, the Lolworth-Ravenswood Province saw the intrusion of three granite batholiths into a basement of Late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian meta-sedimentary rocks. Also, Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician and Middle Ordovician high-grade metamorphism accompanied by partial anatexis is recorded at several sites across northeast Queensland. Although this metamorphism is restricted to these sites, they are widespread across the area suggestive of a widespread metamorphic event at these times. Similar metamorphism is recorded in the Arunta Inlier in Central Australia increasing the possible extent of this event. The geochemistry, isotopic characteristics and zircon populations of granites in the Lolworth-Ravenswood Province are used to characterise their source rocks; and thus the basement to the Province. Precambrian basement is indicated to underlie the entire province. However, the source rocks for the eastern part of the Province (Ravenswood and into the Lolworth Batholiths) are different to source rocks for the western part of the Province. Georgetown-type crust extends eastwards from the outcropping area, extending under the western Lolworth-Ravenswood Province. Late Mesoproterozoic rocks are recorded from the Cape River area adjacent to the Lolworth Batholith. They are also indicated as source-rocks for granites in the Ravenswood Batholith. Rocks of this age are characteristic of Grenvillian-age mobile belts in the United States. Their presence in north Qeensland has implications for the breakup of Rodinia, the Mesoproterozoic-age super continent that broke up during the Neoproterozoic.

This thesis presents the results of a multichannel reflection survey conducted off of the Western Isles of Scotland in 1981 in the Sea of the Hebrides region. Ten profiles were acquired to 12 seconds two-way time using an air-gun source and a 2.4 km 24 channel receiver, yielding 24 fold coverage with a gather spacing of 50 metres. The data have been processed at Durham using the reflection seismic processing software developed there over the past six years. The interpretation shows that the Mesozoic basins lie unconformably on up to 5 km thickness of Torridonian sediments, which in turn lie uncomformably on Lewisian crystalline basement. The presence of eastward dipping events in the basement are associated with thrust faults and are probably of Caledonian age. The later reactivation of these faults has controlled the formation of the Mesozoic basins. The thesis also contains details of the modifications made to both the computer hardware and the processing software of the Durham Seismic Processing System during the life-time of this project. The expansion of the facility has enabled a larger selection of faster algorithms to be written for the processing of multichannel reflection data. These include velocity filtering, autostatics and dip filtering routines. Particular attention has been given to the accurate determination of the velocity function used when processing the data and how this information may be used to help the geological interpretation.

In automatic calibration, a fitting criteria, which is some function of the difference between the observed and the model generated flows, is optimized to get the best parameter set. The purpose of this investigation was to calibrate the U. S. Geological Survey Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) model using three different fitting criteria; ordinary least squares (OLS), Ln transformation of the discharges using the OLS on the transformed flows (LOG), and maximum likelihood estimator for the heteroscedastic errors (HMLE). The performance of each criteria in terms of their ability to produce reliable forecasts was examined. The results of the research showed that the winter storms were reproduced best by the parameter sets chosen by the OLS fitting criteria and the summer storms were reproduced best by the HMLE parameter sets. However, the performance in terms of percent bias in different flow groups suggests that HMLE estimator is superior.

The use of co-ordinates as a description of land boundaries and their limitations has been investigated given recent advances in GPS measurement technology and its proliferation in the surveying and mapping industry. While the use of coordinate information is in essence a representation of reality at a given point in time, it is shown that they can be used within a well-defined framework for summary purposes. The conceptual and operational elements of a measurement-based spatial information system are developed in order to determine if it could aid in the organisation of land boundary information. The fundamental concepts of this information system are that measurements are the primary carriers of metric information. The investigation reveals that measurement-based concepts can serve as the foundation of a multi-purpose spatial information system. Increasing instrument precisions available to surveyors are providing quality measurements with decreasing uncertainties from standard daily operations. Much of this measurement information is in digital form and can provide useful additions of new information as and when they become available to the system. Control measurements are integrated into the system in the same manner as cadastral measurements. The addition of measurements increases the accuracy of the information system over time. The concept of a local controlled area and surface movement indicators are briefly covered relating to geo-movements of cadastral evidence. Some issues surrounding the historical foundations of geodetic datums are studied as they provides a basis of knowledge of where future spatial information developments may occur given current understandings and technological ability. A review of International and Australian measurement systems is presented. In this context, issues surrounding GPS traceability are explored as a means of demonstrating conformance with suitably recognised quantities of length and time. Discussion is held on the legal acceptance of measurements and reviews rules of evidence questioning the term geographical position used in Australian courts. An investigative study into rural property boundary surveys for subdivision purposes has been undertaken to provide comparative discussion on issues of changing methods and evolving technology approaches to the measurement challenges using GPS techniques.

The Bells Creek catchment covers an area of 100 km2 in the northern part of the Pumicestone Passage region of southeast Queensland. This catchment is an example of a low-lying sub-tropical coastal plain including both freshwater and estuarine settings. The main creeks drain into Pumicestone Passage, a large shallow estuary, which is a declared marine habitat and a Ramsar listed wading bird location. The Bells Creek catchment has undergone land-use change from bushland to grazing to pine plantations and is now coming under pressure for urban development. Quaternary age unconsolidated sediments are the dominant surface material in this area and formed during the last marine transgression. Of significance for such a setting is that estuarine sediments can retain metals mobilised as a result of natural processes (e.g. weathering) and anthropogenic activities (e.g. land-use disturbance). As trace metals can also occur naturally in rocks and their weathered products, it is of value to clearly distinguish natural and anthropogenic controls over metal source, distribution and mobility. To achieve this aim two approaches were taken: 1) to determine the factors controlling the geochemistry of weathered profiles, unconsolidated sediments, soils and natural waters, and 2) to identify the most effective analytical and numerical methods for evaluating metal concentration in different solid materials. This investigation is structured around four linked papers. The influence of mineralogy, geological setting, location of water table and depth of burial on the geochemistry of weathered profile are assessed in Paper 1. The second paper is an investigation of different analytical approaches for studying weathered sedimentary rocks, as well as the testing of several numerical methods for evaluating geochemical data from weathered profiles. In paper 3, a large heterogeneous geochemical data set including trace metals, total organic carbon and sulfur content, in addition to mineralogy and land use practices are integrated to enable evaluation of geochemical and anthropogenic processes controlling metal distribution. The fourth paper considers the distribution of iron and its transport as well as variations in size and morphology of different forms of framboidal pyrite within a smaller sub-catchment in the southern part of the study area. The labile and heterogeneous nature of the bedrock of the region, the Landsborough Sandstone, along with the sub-tropical climate of the area have resulted in weathering profiles up to 26 m deep. Due to the absence of industrial activity in the Bells Creek catchment, such weathering of the bedrock constitutes the major process governing metal distribution throughout the area. Analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the primary minerals occurring in the weathered profiles are quartz, plagioclase and K-feldspars while kaolinite is the most dominant secondary mineral present. Overall, parent rock silicates have been extensively replaced by clay minerals and Fe oxides. The relative influence of mineralogy, geological setting and groundwater over chemical weathering and geochemical cycling of metals can be summarised as follows: Mineralogy>geological setting>watertable position>depth of profile burial As the relationship between the total metal composition and the extractable and mobile component has environmental significance, a comparison was made between these forms of metals in weathered material. This comparison shows that metals such as V, Cr and Fe are part of the aluminosilicate matrix and remain largely in primary mineral structures. The retention of these metals may lead to their future release to the environment during on-going weathering. Other elements such as Cu, Zn, Pb, however, are found to be primarily adsorbed to sediment particles and therefore, easily releasable to the environment. As limited information on weathering of sedimentary rocks is reported in the literature, a variety of chemical analysis and numerical assessment methods were used to understand the geochemical processes involved in trace metal mobility in the weathered profiles. Two analytical methods of digestion, hydrofluoric acid and x-ray fluorescence were tested and found to be highly comparable except for refractory elements such as V and Cr. Among the numerical methods applied to the dataset were "chemical and mineralogical indices", "weight loss factor" and "immobile element approach". The "immobile element approach" was found to be the most appropriate method to characterise the weathering profiles typical of the catchment. This method considers a weathering system to be open and transforms the absolute values of trace metals enabling a quantitative evaluation of metal mobility. The following sequence of mobility was determined after applying this method to the data generated in this study: Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr>V The above sequence of mobility is supported by the comparison between extractable and total metal concentrations where Cr and V were identified as being part of aluminosilicate matrix and less mobile. On the other hand, Zn, Pb and Cu were found to exist in adsorbed form and to be readily released to the environment. Trace elements released through weathering and erosion of the bedrock can accumulate in estuarine and coastal sediments. Therefore, both the lateral and vertical distribution of trace metals within sediments and soils of Bells Creek catchment were investigated. Natural and anthropogenic factors controlling metal distribution were compared and it was concluded that the natural sediment character such as its mineral content is more significant than anthropogenic influences in controlling lateral and vertical metal distribution. Further, due to varying degrees of weathering and the heterogeneous nature of soils and sediments, the data were normalised. After testing several methods, it was concluded that calculation of an enrichment factor was the most appropriate. The enrichment factor revealed that elevated trace metal concentrations at some sites are due to bedrock weathering. Due to the environmental persistence of iron, excess of this common metal has always been of environmental concern in many coastal settings. In the small Halls Creek sub-catchment, for example, iron anomalies were detected in bottom sediments (Fe up to 14%). This finding has significance in the area, as iron has been identified as one of the major contributors in the growth of the toxic cyanobacteria "Lyngbya majuscula" which can negatively impact on aquatic fauna. Iron concentrations were also shown to be high in natural stream waters of this coastal zone (up to 16 mg/L); in the bottom sediments of the creek, iron occurs as hematite (freshwater section) or pyrite (estuarine section). A variety of pyrite morphologies were identified in both bottom sediments and particulate matter samples including spherical closely packed framboids, and the rare form of euhedra which indicates slow crystallisation. The different components of this investigation have: 1) established the order and extent to which natural factors control weathering, 2) tested a number of analytical and numerical methods in evaluating weathering profiles, 3) assessed natural and anthropogenic factors and established the mobility sequence for trace metals in weathered profiles and, 4) determined the iron mineral speciation and established morphological variations of pyrite. As the area of Bells Creek catchment will be under development pressure in the future, findings of this study represent a baseline of comparison for environmental assessment and are of importance for environmental management.

An exploratory study of Board-Registered School Subjects was undertaken in 1989 to investigate the impact of this category of subjects on the curriculum for Year 11 and 12 students in Queensland secondary schools. The study was undertaken at two levels -the Systems and the Schools levels. At the Systems level, analysis of Reports and other documents was supplemented by interviews with key personnel in the education authorities. The segment at the Schools level consisted of interviews with administrators or teachers in ten schools in South East Queensland and a small student survey. Board-Registered School Subjects, first developed in that State in 1982, broadened the Senior curriculum from its traditionally academic base. The development of this category of subjects also heralded the beginnings of school based curriculum development in many secondary schools in that State. However, in the latter years of the 1980's, policies and syllabuses developed by the Queensland Department of Education indicate that a shift to systems based curriculum development is probable in the 1990's. Four sub-categories of Board-Registered School Subjects were identified in the sample schools. These were alternatives to core subjects, such as English and Mathematics, vocationally oriented subjects, those related to life/leisure skills and subjects which reflected the nature of the geographical area. The response by many schools to the development of these subjects was enthusiastic; most schools in the sample offered six to eight Board-Registered School Subjects to students in Years 11 and 12. Although many of these subjects were developed initially for students of "lower ability", a reported recent trend was for "academic" students to select one Board-Registered School Subject. The enthusiastic response by schools was curbed to some extent by the reaction of some teachers, students and parents to these subjects. Several Board-Registered School Subjects offered in 1989 were not implemented because insufficient numbers of students selected them. The major factor which mitigated against successful implementation of Board-Registered School Subjects was that students' results in these subjects could not be used in the calculation of the Tertiary Entrance Score, the basis for selection to tertiary institutions. For many students and parents, the Tertiary Entrance Score appeared to be the major goal of Senior secondary education.

This study compares the views of three groups of art educators - secondary, tertiary pre-service lecturers, and scholars - about the content and structure considered important in art teacher pre-service education. Items of program content and structure, as well as issues in art-teacher preparation were gleaned from the writings of selected scholars and incorporated into a survey questionnaire. The survey was distributed to secondary art educators throughout Queensland and to art pre-service lecturers throughout Australia. An analysis of the results identifies areas and degrees of agreement and difference on items both within and between groups. The study can assist the development of art teacher pre-service programmes that reflect the values of both theoreticians and practitioners of art education.
Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate

Thesis (B. Sc.(Hons.))--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 1994?
Two maps have overlays. National grid reference: Tumby Bay Sheet SI53-10 (1:50,0 00-III) geological map. Cover title: "A structural interpretation of a detailed ground magnetic survey, Burrawing area, Tumby Bay, South Australia. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-33).

ABSTRACT Objectives: To develop and validate in an Australian setting, an instrument to effectively measure patient safety culture; to survey health care workers (HCWs) in a large public healthcare system to establish baseline patient safety culture; and, using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), to use behavioural modelling to identify the factors that predict and influence Patient Safety Behavioural Intent (PSBI) Eg. Reporting clinical incidents and speaking up when a colleague makes an error. Design: Cross sectional survey analysed with multiple logistic regression (MLR). Setting: Metropolitan, regional and rural public hospitals in Queensland, Australia. Participants: 5294 clinical and managerial staff. Main outcome measures: 1) Behavioural models for high-level Patient Safety Behavioural Intent (PSBI) for senior and junior doctors, senior and junior nurses, and allied health professionals. 2) Odds ratios to compare levels of PSBI between professional groups. Results: 1) The factors that influence high-level PSBI for each professional group give rise to unique predictive models. Two factors stand out as influencing high-level PSBI for all HCWs (R2 0.21). These are: i) Preventive Action Beliefs (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 2.38) (HCWs??? belief that engaging in the target behaviour(s) will lead to improved patient safety) and ii) Professional Peer Behaviour (AOR 1.79) (HCWs??? perceptions of the safety behaviour(s) of one???s professional peers). 2) There was a six-fold difference in the level of target behaviour (PSBI) across the clinical groups with few (29.6%) junior doctors having a high-level of PSBI. When compared with the junior doctors, the senior doctors were nearly 1.5 times more likely (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.46, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.01-2.13), allied health staff 2.7 times more likely (OR 2.71, 95%CI 1.91-3.73), junior nurses 3.9 times more likely (OR 3.86, 95%CI 2.83-5.26), and senior nurses 6.0 times more likely (OR 6.01, 95%CI 4.78-9.16) to have high-level PSBI. Conclusions: This is the first published study to develop behavioural models of factors that influence HCWs??? intention to engage in behaviours known to be associated with improved patient safety. The findings of this study will greatly assist in the future design and implementation of targeted and cost-effective patient safety improvement initiatives.

This dissertation is an analysis of systematic studies of the land in the early American Republic, from the 1790s to the 1840s; more specifically, it explores the role scientific and technical practices played within that era's improvement ethic. I argue that science, as seen through the lens of agricultural chemistry and, to a lesser extent, geology, became an important, acceptable, and credible way to interact with early Republic land because it fit within the multivalent improvement ethic of that period. Through a study of the agricultural press, farmers’ diaries, and county and statewide scientific surveys, I examine how scientific and technical practices aided agricultural improvement, how they were promoted or resisted by local farmers, and in what ways they gained social credibility for interpreting and interacting with agrarian nature. Part I, “The Place of Science,” explores how science was interpreted by people. I there ask about the social, moral, instrumental, and literary places of agricultural science in rural culture. Part II, “The Science of Place,” asks instead how science interpreted the land, there studying county and state scientific surveys in Virginia. Underlying the entire work is an exposition of the georgic ethic (as distinct from the pastoral ethic), which emphasizes the labor-based means through which most rural peoples understood their land and ties the moral plea for cultural improvement to the material pursuit of agricultural progress. The story herein introduces the production of an important set of conditions that allowed later scientific developments across the land to have meaning and significance: forms of communication, precedents of organization, field-tested modes of analysis, a tradition of improvement and experimentation, the long-standing search for solutions to soil exhaustion, increasingly mechanistic philosophies of soil composition, a market force to drive all of these, and a unique American political and agricultural environment into which the above could take shape. The lesson is not that the entirety of our modern scientific worldview can be traced to the activities of a disgruntled antebellum American farming class, but that this example of rural science and agricultural improvement provides a fruitful example of what it takes to make a scientific worldview. Thus, arguments about philosophical and conceptual bases for scientizing the land–topics of great importance in the fields of environmental history and various branches of science and technology studies–gain strength and plausibility by reference to the workings of antebellum agents who first argued over the value of using science to define their land. By putting the circulation of agricultural science in the context of early Republic improvement-minded agents, we can better locate agrarian American culture into a post-Enlightenment setting, we are better equipped to recognize how everyday citizens came to treat scientific practices as legitimate means of interacting with their lands, and we have a more developed picture of how morality, materiality, and theory were wedded in the much-revered principles of practice and practicality. The sum of those points highlights how traditional means of managing the land, as with religious doctrine, almanac strictures, the lessons inherited through family lineage by generations of daily practice, or uncodified folk knowledge in general, were being complemented with or displaced by organized, methodical, and systematic–eventually, scientific–practices on the land.
Ph. D.

This thesis investigated the effects of photographic and text information on respondents' attitudes and willingness-to-pay for a proposed beach protection scheme in the erosion prone Gold Coast region on the east coast of Australia. The research developed two alternative expectancy-value attitude-behaviour models to test residents' attitudes toward relevant targets and behavioural intention, expressed through stated willingness-to-pay, and compared the proposed models with one established attitude-behaviour model. The thesis set out to investigate three central research questions; one question relating to the effects of information on attitudes and willingness-to-pay, and two questions relating to the relationships between attitudes and willingness-to-pay. It was hypothesised that photographs that depicted severe erosion damage would result in more positive attitudes toward, and greater willingness-to-pay for, beach protection than photographs that showed only mild levels of erosion damage. Positive relationships were hypothesised between variables representing attitudes toward beach erosion, attitude toward beach protection, attitude toward paying for beach protection, and willingness-to-pay. Finally, it was hypothesised that the relationships between attitudes and willingness-to-pay could be adequately explained by the proposed attitude-behaviour models. The thesis describes how seven information treatments and eight attitude measurement scales were developed and tested in a pilot experiment before use in a survey of homeowners in the region of interest. Analysis of variance showed that, while respondent's attitude toward beach protection was affected by the information treatments, their willingness-to-pay for the proposed program was insensitive to information. There were no significant effects that could be attributed exclusively to text descriptions of the good but there were significant effects that could be attributed to photographic information treatments. However, none of the effects on attitudes resulted in significant effects on the behavioural intention expressed in stated willingness-to-pay. Analysis of respondents with low previous knowledge of the proposed good revealed more extensive information effects on attitudes, but still not on willingness-to-pay, and this suggests that high levels of previous knowledge in a large proportion of the sample had a moderating effect on attitude change caused by the information treatments. Regression analysis showed that seven of the eight attitude and behaviour variables in the proposed attitude-behaviour model were significant predictors of willingness-to-pay. In the final phase of the analysis, goodness-of-fit indices, estimated using Structural Equation Modelling, indicated a good fit between the data and the attitude-behaviour models tested. Standardised coefficients on the model indicated that perceived behavioural control, expected utility of outcomes, and subjective norms all had strong direct relationships with stated willingness-to-pay, and strong indirect relationships on willingness-to-pay via attitudes toward payment. These results are consistent with the relationships proposed in attitude-behaviour models and the moderating effects of these variables explain why significant information treatment effects were observed on attitude to beach protection but not on willingness-to-pay. This research showed that respondent's willingness-to-pay in a contingent valuation experiment is quite insensitive to photographic treatments when previous knowledge is high and that costly and time consuming testing procedures, recommended by authorities, may not be necessary under these conditions. It also demonstrated that measures of attitude, consistent with an attitude-behaviour model, can be collected easily in a contingent valuation study and can contribute to understanding of participant responses and to identification of protest responses.

This study examined United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) methods 507 and 508.1; analytical methods used to test drinking water for Atrazine. Additionally, this study examines the seasonal variation of Atrazine in Kentucky drinking water. Atrazine is a triazine herbicide used to control and inhibit the growth of broad leaf and grassy weeds. Atrazine’s ability to be transported to community drinking water supplies makes it a significant public health issue, as it has been linked to myriad negative health endpoints ranging from endocrine disruption to various forms of cancer, including stomach and ovarian cancer. To date, there is little research examining the current methods used to test for Atrazine and its seasonal variation in drinking water. Drinking water samples previously collected by the Kentucky Division of Water and the Kentucky Geological Survey from 117 of 120 counties throughout the state from January 2000 to December 2008 were used for this study. To examine inter-method comparison between methods 507 and 508.1, samples were subjected to the Mann-Whitney U test. Median values of methods 507 and 508.1 were found to be similar (p=0.7421). To examine seasonal variation, data from each year from 2000 to 2008, as well as the entire 2000-2008 period, were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis One Way Analysis of Variance. Years 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, and 2008 as well as the full 2000-2008 span were found to have significantly different Atrazine concentrations from season to season. Years 2001, 2005, and 2006 were not found to have significantly different concentrations from season to season. The 2000-2008 span was then subjected to the Seasonal Kendal Test for Trend, which determined a significant (p=0.000092) decreasing linear trend of -7.6 x 10-6 mg/L/year of Atrazine in Kentucky. Similar decreasing linear trends were seen throughout the five regions in the state during this time period as well. This study further expands on knowledge of the occurrence and persistence of Atrazine in the environment. Comparative analysis of US EPA analytical methods and the seasonal variation of Atrazine in drinking water provide a background for future research.

This paper is focused on evaluation and improvement of the allocative efficiency of the public sector. The introductory chapters give us information about the necessity of existence, operation and financing of the public sector and its representation in public finances. Rules for establishing, financing and management of semi-budgetary organizations are discused in a more elaborated manner. The theoretical part explains the concept of efficiency and provides a detailed overview of methods of measuring the efficiency in the public sector by various authors. In the practical part, the theoretical approaches are demonstrated on the example of the Czech Geological Survey (ČGS). ČGS is a semi- budgetary organization established by the Ministry of the Environment, but partly also works as a research organization. Also there are given the competences and organizer's requirements. Financing of the organization is provided from several sources, whereas the contribution from the organizers part is reduced on a year to year basis and the organization is forced to cover the loss by research activities and providing services to foreign customers. The effectiveness analysis is based on the concept of Sintonen. However it is complicated by the fact that ČGS is on one hand A semi-budgetary organization and on the other A research organization. For the semi-budgetary organizationS the appropriate approach is to minimize costs, but for the research organization it is rather about increasing revenues. For the highest efficiency possible it is necessary to find a combination of both approaches.

The Arizona Oil and Gas Commission in conjunction with the Arizona Geological Survey have collected a large amount of data for the oil and gas wells in the State of Arizona. The data covers over 1,000 wells that were drilled from the 1940s to present. This data includes copies of permits, location information, scanned copies of well logs and digitized versions of the well logs in .las file format. These files have been difficult to distribute efficiently because of an unfriendly web user interface. The purpose of this project is to give the Arizona Geological Survey a way to distribute the oil and gas well data through an effective web application. The web application will leverage existing web services at the Arizona Geological Survey. To create this map I used the Esri JavaScript API. In this application the users can select multiple wells by clicking and dragging over the well heads they want. This will then display the metadata in a grid along with hyperlinks to the available files for those wells. This data will be primarily used by companies involved with carbon sequestration or others seeking information for geological exploration.

Little is known about Julius Haast's life prior to his arrival in New Zealand in 1858 at the age of 36. Without knowing something about his background, it is difficult to explain his life in New Zealand. This work pursues a historical context that can more fully explain Haast's remarkably active career in New Zealand. The geological survey of the Canterbury Province, the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury and the Canterbury Museum represent Haast's major contributions to science and culture in New Zealand. Julius Haast carefully engineered his own transition from geologist to museum director within the social and political climate of Canterbury in order to remain in Christchurch where he raised his family. Heinrich von Haast's book about his father has been the accepted source of information about his father since its publication in 1948. Until recently, scholars have failed to explore beyond the scope of von Haast's biography. There is now a trend toward recognising Julius Haast as having made significant contributions to many aspects of science and society.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseCC_capa_ate_secao3.pdf: 3390539 bytes, checksum: e36b06104b1fa7652edaacc92ff9073f (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-06-28
The studied area is geologically located in the Northern Domain of the Borborema Province (Northeast Brazil), limited to the south by the Patos shear zone. Terranes of the Jaguaribeano system are dominant, flanked by the Piranhas (E and S sides) and Central Cear? (NE side) terranes. Its basement comprises gneiss -migmatite terrains of Paleoproterozoic to Archean age (2.6 to 1.9 Ga old), overprinted by neoproterozoic to cambrian tectonotherma l events. Narrow supracrustal belts ( schist belts) display a 1.6 to 1.8 Ga age, as shown by whole - rock Rb-Sr and zircon U-Pb and Pb/Pb dates in acid metavolcanics which dominate in the lower section of these sequences, and in coeval metaplutonics (granitic augen gneisses). From the stratigraphic point of view, three Staterian belts are recognized: 1. Or?s Belt - made up by the Or?s Group, subdivided in the Santar?m (predominantly pure to impure quartzites, micaschists and metacarbonates) and Campo Alegre (metandesites, metabasalts, metarhyolites and metarhyodacites, interlayered with metatuffs and metasediments) formations, and by the Serra do Deserto Magmatic Suite (granitic augen gneisses). 2. Jaguaribe Belt - its lithostratigrahic-lithodemic framework is similar to the one of the Or?s Belt, however with a greater expression of the volcano -plutonic components (Campo Alegre Formation and Serra do Deserto Magmatic Suite). The Peixe Gordo Sequence, separately described, is also related to this belt and contain s metasedimentary, metavolcanic (with subordinated volcanoclastics) and metaplutonic units. The first one correlated to the Or?s Group and the latter the Serra do Deserto Magmatic Suite. 3. Western Potiguar Belt - represented by the Serra de S?o Jos? Gro up, subdivided in the Catolezinho (biotite -amphibole gneisses with intercalations of metacarbonates, calcsilicate rocks, amphibolites and quartzite beds to the top) and Minhuins (quartzites, micaschists, metaconglomerates, calcsilicate rocks, acid to the b asic metavolcanics and metatuffs) formations. Its late Paleoproterozoic (Staterian) age was established by a Pb/Pb date on zircons from a granitic orthogneiss of the Catolezinho Formation. The petrographic characteristics and sedimentary structures of the Santar?m Formation of the Or?s Group point to deltaic to shallow marine depositional systems, overlain by deep water deposits (turbidites). The geodynamic setting of this region encompassed a large depositional basin, probably extending to the east of the Portalegre shear zone and west of the Senador Pompeu shear zone, with possible equivalents in the Jucurutu Formation of the Serid? Belt and in the Cear? Group of central Cear?. The Arneir?z Belt, west Cear?, displays some stratigraphic features and granito ids geochemically akin to the ones of the Or?s Belt. The evolutionary setting started with an extensional phase which was more active in the eastern part of this domain (Western Potiguar and part of the Jaguaribe belts), where the rudite and psamite sedime ntation relates to a fluviatile rift environment which evolved to a prograding deltaic system to the west (Or?s Group). The basaltic andesitic and rhyolitic volcanics were associated to this extensional phase. During this magmatic event, acid magmas also crystallized at plutonic depths. The Or?s Group illustrates the environmental conditions in the western part of this domain. Later on, after a large time gap (1.6 to 1.1 Ga), the region was subjected to an extensional deformational episode marked by 900 Ma old (Sm-Nd data) basic rocks, possibly in connection with the deposition of the Cachoeirinha Group south of the Patos shear zone. In the 800 to 500 Ma age interval, the region was affected by important deformational and metamorphic events coupled with in trusion of granitic rocks of variable size (dykes to batholiths), related to the Brasiliano/Pan -African geotectonic cycle. These events produced structural blocks which differentiate, one from the other, according to the importance of anatectic mobilizatio n, proportion of high-grade supracrustals and the amount of neoproterozoic -cambrian granitoid intrusions. On this basis, a large portion of the Jaguaretama Block/Terrane is relatively well preserved from this late overprint. The border belts of the Jagua retama Block (Western Potiguar and Arneiroz) display kyanite-bearing (medium pressure) mineral associations, while in the inner part of the block there is a north-south metamorphic zoning marked by staurolite or sillimanite peak metamorphic conditions. Regarding the deformations of the Staterian supracrustal rocks, second and third phases were the most important, diagnosed as having developed in a progressive tectonic process. In the general, more vigorous conditions of PT are related to the interval tardi - phase 2 early-phase 3, whose radiometric ages and regional structuring indicators places it in the Brasiliano/Pan-African Cycle. In the Staterian geodynamic setting of Brazilian Platform , these sequences are correlated to the lower Espinha?o Supergroup (p.ex., Rio dos Rem?dios and Paragua?u groups, a paleproterozoic rift system in the S?o Francisco Craton), the Ara? and Serra da Mesa groups (north of Goi?s, in the so -called Goi?s Central Massif), and the Uatum? Group (in the Amazonian Craton). Granitic ( augen gneisses) plutonics are also known from these areas, as for example the A-type granites intrusive in the Ara? and Serra da Mesa groups, dated at 1.77 Ga. Gravimetric and geological data place the limits of the Jaguaribeano System (terranes) along the Senador Pompeu Shear Zone (western border) and the Portalegre- Farias Brito shear zone (eastern and southern). However, the same data area not conclusive as regards the interpretation of those structures as suture of the terrane docking process. The main features of those shear zones and of involved lothological associations, appear to favour an intracontinental transpressional -transcurrent regime, during Neoproterozoic-Cambrian times, marking discontinuities along which different crustal blocks were laterally dispersed. Inside of this orogenic system and according to the magnetic data (total field map), the most important terrane boundary appears to be the Jaguaribe shear zone. The geochronological data, on some tectonostratigraphic associations (partly represented by the Cear? and Jucurutu groups), still at a preliminary level, besides the lack of granitic zonation and other petrotectonic criteria, do not allow to propose tectonic terrane assembly diagrams for the studied area
A ?rea envolvida nesta disserta??o de mestrado encontra -se situada, geologicamente, no chamado Dom?nio Setentrional da Prov?ncia Borborema (P B), Nordeste do Brasil, tendo como marcador meridional a Zona de Cisalhamento Patos. Envolve, preferencialmente, terrenos do Sistema Jaguaribeano, ladeados pelos terrenos ( maci?o ) Rio Piranhas, com posicionamentos no leste e sudeste, e Tr?ia (Tau?) no nordeste. Compreende um espa?o de crosta continental dominada por terrenos gn?issico - migmat?ticos de idades paleoproteroz?ico -arqueanos (1.9 a 2,6 Ga), onde processos tectonotermais neoproteroz?ico-cambrianos s?o registrados em cada ponto, desde simples imprint t?rmico at? como gerador de radicais modifica??es estrutural -mineral?gicas e de leucossomas. Ao n?vel vestigial de antigas e amplas coberturas vulcanossedimentares, acontecem estreitas faixas supracrustais ( schist belts), cuja cronologia, com base em determina??es Rb-Sr, U-Pb e Pb-Pb nos metavulcanitos ?cidos, dominantes na se??o inferior das seq??ncias, e nas metaplut?nicas associadas (augen gnaisses), se situa entre 1,6 e 1,8 Ga. Estratigraficamente, essa faixas, paralelizadas num mesmo intervalo cronol?gico (Estateriano), podem ser sumariadas da seguinte forma: 1. Faixa Or?s (FO) - constitu?da pelo Grupo Or?s, subdividido nas forma??es Santar?m (predominantemente quartzitos puros e impuros, micaxistos de granulometria fina a grossa e metacarbonat os) e Campo Alegre (metandesitos, metabasaltos, metariolitos, metariodacitos e intercala??es de metatufos e metassedimentos), e pela Su?te Magm?tica Serra do Deserto ( augen gnaisses gran?ticos). 2. Faixa Jaguaribe (FJ) - ostenta caracteriza??o litoestra tigr?fico-litod?mica similar a de Or?s, com maior expressividade superficial dos componentes vulcano plut?nicos (Forma??o Campo Alegre e Su?te Magm?tica Serra do Deserto). Tamb?m relacionada a essa faixa e descrita separadamente, encontra -se a Seq??ncia Peixe Gordo, constitu?da por unidades metassedimentares, metavulc?nicas (vulcanocl?sticas subordinadas) e metaplut?nicas, as primeiras correlacion?veis ?s forma??es do Grupo Or?s e a ?ltima a Su?te Magm?tica Serra do Deserto. 3. Faixa Extremo Oeste Potigua r (FEOP) - representada dominantemente por rochas do Grupo Serra de S?o Jos?, subdividido nas forma??es Catolezinho (dom?nio de biotita - anfib?lio gnaisses, com intercala??es de metacalc?rios, rochas calciossilic?ticas, anfibolitos, e camadas quartz?ticas n o sentido ao topo) e Minhuins (quartzitos diversos, micaxistos, metaconglomerados, rochas calciossilic?ticas, metavulc?nicas ?cidas, intermedi?rias e b?sicas, e metatufos). Sua cronologia paleoproteroz?ica superior (Estateriano) foi estabelecida a partir d e uma determina??o Pb-Pb em cristais de zirc?es de ortognaisses gran?tico da Forma??o Catolezinho. Por sua vez, os augen gnaisses que ocorrem pelo lado oriental dessa FEOP, com rela??es de intrus?o em rochas da forma??o inferior, foi admitido, preliminarme nte, como cronocorrelatos a litotipos similares das outras faixas. As caracter?sticas petrogr?ficas e de estruturas sedimentares da Forma??o Santar?m (Grupo Or?s), permitem inferir sistemas deposicionais delt?icos e par?lico -marinho raso, sendo recoberto por sedimentos de ?gua profunda (turbiditos). Em termos geodin?micos, a regi?o pode ser modelada como uma ampla bacia deposicional, com prov?vel extens?o para leste da Zona de Cisalhamento Portalegre e oeste da Zona de Cisalhamento Senador Pompeu, provave lmente com registros em parte das rochas inseridas na Forma??o (Grupo) Jucurutu e no Grupo (Complexo) Cear?. Ainda, pelo lado oeste, a Faixa Arneir?z exibe alguns indicadores estratigr?ficos e de litoqu?mica de granit?ides que a faz similar a de Or?s. Esse ambiente inicia-se com uma fase extensional mais ativa pelo lado oriental (Faixa Jaguaribe, pr?-parte, e Extremo Oeste Potiguar) onde a sedimenta??o ? dominada por psamitos, ruditos, marcando f?cies de ambiente fluvial de um sistema rifte que evoluiu para um sistema delt?ico progradante a oeste (Grupo Or?s). Associados a essa fase extensional, ocorreram epis?dios de vulcanismo bas?ltico -andes?tico a riol?tico. Durante esse desenvolvimento vulcanossedimentar, num cen?rio intracontinental ocorreu a gera??o de magmas ?cidos que foram cristalizados sob condi??es hipoabissais e plut?nicas. Pelo lado oeste, a sedimenta??o teve aquelas caracter?sticas ambientais descritas para o Grupo Or?s. Subseq?entemente, transcorrido um longo intervalo de tempo (1,6 - 1,1 Ga, com registros mais pr?ximos no Dominio Tect?nico Central da PB), a regi?o foi solicitada por uma fase extensional, possivelmente associada ao desenvolvimento da ambi?ncia vulcanossedimentar do Grupo Cachoeirinha (sul da Zona de Cisalhamento Patos), marcada na regi?o de Or?s por corpos b?sicos de idades em torno de 900 Ma (Sm -Nd). No intervalo de 800-500 Ma, a regi?o atravessou por importantes fases de deforma??o, metamorfismo e de incorpora??o de magmas gran?ticos (cristalizados em espa?os de dimens?es variadas, de diques a batol?ticas) e b?sico -intermedi?rios, relacionadas ao chamado Ciclo Geotect?nico Brasiliano/Pan -Africano. Atualmente, alguns autores admitem como marcas sedimentares desses tempos, localizadas em tratos da ?rea cartografada e pr?ximos, as forma??es (Grupo) Serid?, Lavras da Mangabeira e Grupo Cear? (pr?-parte). Nesses tempos foram gerados blocos estruturais diferenciados ao n?vel da taxa de fus?o anat?tica, percentagem de supracrustais em alto grau e seus respectivos correspondentes migmat?ticos e participa??o de corpos gran?ticos neoproteroz?ico - eopaleoz?icos. Com esses indicadores, grande parte do Bloco/Terreno Jaguaretama ? a que ostenta menor atua??o relativa dos processos tectono -metamorfo-magm?ticos do mencionado ciclo. A despeito das faixas mais distantes desse Bloco Jaguaretama (Extremo Oeste Potiguar e Arneir?z), onde tem-se associa??es minerais com cianita (m?dia press?o), as faixas marginais ao mesmo, s?o marcadas por uma zoneografia sul -norte, onde passa-se do campo da estaurolita, para o da sillimanita. Internamente, o Grupo Or?s tem sua zona da estaurolita desenhada no lado oriental. Para as deforma??es das supracrustais estaterianas, as fases mais importantes foram as segunda e terceira, diagnosticadas como desenvolvidas n um processo tect?nico progressivo. No geral, condi??es de PT mais vigorosas s?o relacionadas ao intervalo tardi-Fase 2 cedo-Fase 3, cujos indicadores cronorradiom?tricos e de estrutura??o regional, o coloca no desenvolvimento do Ciclo Brasiliano/Pan -Africano. No cen?rio da geodin?mica estateriana do Brasil, essas seq??ncias vulcanossedimentares s?o cronocorrelacionadas ?s que constituem a se??o inferior do Supergrupo Espinha?o (p.ex., grupos Rio dos Rem?dios e Paragua?u, sistema rifte paleoproteroz?ico no Cr?ton S?o Francisco), ?s dos grupos Ara? e Serra da Mesa (no norte de Goi?s, implantados sobre o Maci?o Central de Goi?s) e Uatum? (no Cr?ton Amaz?nico). O plutonismo gran?tico ( augen gnaisses) tamb?m t?m similares nessas regi?es, como por exemplo os A-granitos intrusivos nos grupos Ara? e Serra da Mesa, com idades em torno de 1,77 Ga. Para os limites do Sistema (Terrenos) Jaguaribeano(s), os dados gravim?tricogeol?gicos favorecem o estabelecimento segundo as zonas de cisalhamentos (ZCs) Senador Pompeu, a oeste, e Portalegre-Farias Brito, a leste e sul. Contudo, os mesmos informes n?o s?o conclusivos quanto a exist?ncia dessas estruturas como registros de um processso de suturamento transformante (docagem de terrenos). Os principais caracteres dessas ZCs e dos conjuntos litol?gicos solicitados, apontam para um regime transcorrente-transpressivo intracontinental, inerente aos tempos do Neoproteroz?ico - Cambriano, marcando importantes charneiras de dispers?o direcional de blocos (fase de extrus?es laterais da tect?nica brasiliana). Dentro desse Sistema, conforme os dados aeromagn?ticos (mapa de campo total), o mais importante limite de terreno ? estabelecido na Zona de Cisalhamento Jaguaribe. O elenco dos dados cronorradiom?tricos, em n?vel bastante prel iminar, sobre algumas associa??es tectonoestratigr?ficas (em parte representadas pelos grupos Cear? e Jucurutu), al?m da car?ncia de uma zoneografia gran?tica e de outros desenhos petrotect?nicos, dificultam a proposi??o de diagramas de aglutina??o de terr enos na presente regi?o

The aim of this study is to investigate how employees at the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) and librarians at SGU and Uppsala university library (UUB) experience challenges and changes in the information provision for geologists at SGU after an organizational change of the library function at the survey. After the closure of the library at SGU in 2015 the survey buys some of their needed library service from UUB, while most of the SGU library collections are left at the survey. To investigate the experiences I conducted interviews with current and former geologists and former librarians at SGU and a librarian at UUB. I also investigated some key documents to provide a framework to the interviewee’s experiences, to compare this with the goals of the coordination between SGU and UUB, and to try and shed light on the role of the library within the survey. The study was based on a constructivist point of view where the interviewee’s experiences of the changes is in focus, giving a deeper understanding of their information needs and how they have been affected by the changes of the library function. I have looked at the changes in information provision for the employees at SGU as a result of changes in SGU’s library activities, that is, changes in the organization of SGU. The results were therefore analyzed using a combination of organizational theories on public administration and business concept approaches, which is motivated by how public administration has changed in recent decades. The results show that geologists at SGU rely heavily on old publications, grey literature and publications about Swedish conditions. This is opposed to what UUB offers in terms of ”hot science” and international literature to meet the needs of the researchers and students at Uppsala university. Also, since UUB only took over a small part of the collections from the SGU library as part of the agreement, the SGU employees have a significant need for help obtaining literature that is left at the former SGU library. As a result of the changes in information provision, the interviewed geologists at SGU feel that the closure of the library at SGU has had a negative impact on their work performance. Because of this they also feel that there is a contradiction between the regulation of the survey, which states that the main focus for SGU is to collect, manage and disseminate information, and the decision to close the library. The conclusions are that although the libraries at SGU and UUB both offer literature in the field of geology there are big differences in the kind of geological literature that the users need and what the different libraries can or could offer. In a larger perspective, this study can contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of special libraries and what can happen to the information provision when a library closes. This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the analysis of the business entity Geodrill, s.r.o., which deals with the provision of services in the field of geology. Appropriately chosen analysis evaluates the external and internal environment of the business and its financial situation. The result of the thesis is the identification of suggestions and recommendations for improvement of the state.

The aim is to design economical and above all safe securing a deep notch, both in the construction phase and throughout the use of the building. In the first part of the thesis Background research will be given an idea of the construction of the geotechnical point of view. The second part will contain the geotechnical design calculation. The third part will be proposed safety recommendations in terms of geotechnical monitoring.

This dissertation is concerned with the foundations in volume unstable soils and objects disorders which are related to this. The thesis was focused on the study of clay and loess soils which are abundant in the geological profile of the Czech Republic. First, the formation of the two groups of soils is introduced, then their properties are examined and finally the influence of vegetation on the former type and the influence of collapsibility in the latter type are investigated. The conclusion is, in fact, a recommendation on the design of structures so that the system of clay / structure is not damaged and that structures are not subject to renovations. Several instance of problems with structures are discussed which were subject to structural repairs employing both a civil and geotechnical engineers.

碩士
國立臺南大學
文化與自然資源學系碩士班
104
This study explored geological and mineral investigations carried out by Japanese people during 1895-1929, mainly using a series of Geological Surveys published by the Taiwan Governor-General Office as historical materials. The transformation of geological and mineral investigation institutions and its staff was first introduced to depict the general history of geological and mineral investigation, followed by researches of Geological Surveys’ content, writing style, investigation spot and outcome to introduce its progress. This study was specifically about geological and mineral investigations during 1895-1929, aimed to replenish previous researches. Using Japan-Russia war as the moment, this study divided the surveys into Early Period of Japanese Colonial Rule (Early Period) and Middle Period of Japanese Colonial Rule (Middle Period). This study also categorized the surveys as Thematic Surveys and Entire Surveys, while the thematic ones could be further distinguished as Special Mineral Surveys and Original Surveys. As the results turned out, geological and mineral investigations had gained great outcome both in Early Period and Middle Period. In the late time of Middle Period, investigation projects/items increased, mineral types differed, investigation spots enlarged, and writing style changed. Surveys confiding danger and hardness gradually became more stable and systematic reports, providing the colonial government with data and materials.

碩士
國立成功大學
系統及船舶機電工程學系碩博士班
96
The purpose of this study is to develop an underwater geological survey system by integrating a self-developed echo sounder and a global positioning system. In the hardware implementation, we take fully advantage of LM1812 from National Semi-conductor and TC-2111 transducer operating at 200kHz to build the echo sounder for detecting water depth. Data acquisition is first done by a PC based LabVIEW environment to understand the character of sound wave in water channel and to process the signal by the proposed algorithm in order to detect the depth of water. Later, the entire computer algorithm is transferred to the Parallax P8X32A microcontroller for system integration. For signal processing, we have proposed a series of ‘mask shading’, echo-duration threshold’ and ‘3-time majority’ computing algorithms to enhance the accuracy of the self-developed echo sounder. Finally, the echo sounder is integrated with a commercial type of GPS, a LCD display and a SD memory board where the experiment information for water depth and geological information can be saved for post-processing of the underwater terrain information. This work can also be used as an underwater acoustic detector while developing a collision avoidance system for an autonomous underwater vehicle.

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
土木工程與防災科技研究所
102
Chaishan is located at the west shoreline of Kaohsiung City. It is the only high land which is consisted of sea coral reefs. Along the Chaishan road which connects from Siziwan to Chaishan, there are plentiful sightseeing and historical sites such as more than 300 years old ancient Shan-hai temple and Former British Consulate. During the holoday and festival, those sites are crowded with people. The unique geological location and varied topography of Chaishan terrain complete its own particular stand. Due to the particular geological structure and conditions, there are lots significant deformations and landslides have taken place in some area of Chaishan terrain over past decade. According to the observed information, those significant deformations and landslides occurred accompany by the heavy rainfall. Those heavy rainfall concentrated from May through October of the year, flood season. The landslide or deformation is taken place along the weak surface of mudstone or the interface of the highly permeable colluvial limestone and mudstone layer toward the west side of Chaishan Avenue, Taiwan Straits. The geological survey informations such as electrical resistivity exploration and drilling survey plus the landslide observation data from 2005 to 2012 have been collected in this article (thesis). The landslide motivations were discussed by connecting observed tendency of ground deformation or sliding and the stratigraphic structure correspondence with the relationship between precipitation and groundwater level. Furthermore, it is anticipated that this articale can be helpful for long-term local nature disaster preventionsuch as landslide management planning and treatment. Keyword：Chaishan、mudstone、precipitation、groundwater、landslide

碩士
國立成功大學
系統及船舶機電工程學系碩博士班
98
The purpose of this study is to integrate a self-developed sonar system and a solar-power system into auxiliary solar-power vessel for underwater geological survey. The underwater geological system includes National Semi-conductor LM1812 ultrasonic chip and TC-2111 transducer operating at 200 kHz to build the echo sounder for detecting water depth, it and uses the previous developed detecting algorithm to enhance the accuracy of the self-developed echo sounder. The solar-power system uses the quadratic maximization algorithm combining with PWM duty cycle adjustment to track the maximum power point of the solar panel. It effectively harvests electric energy from the sun and stores in the battery for application. Finally, these two subsystems will be integrated by using NI compactRIO and signal conditioning modules, and thus an “Auxiliary solar-power Ship” is developed. The “Auxiliary solar-power Ship” can detect the depth of underwater environment automatically without any pollution. Using measured information and the satellite photograph for post-processing by Surfer software. The vessel’s cruise route, underwater landform and even the water volume can be drawn and calculated easily and swiftly. The result of this research not only provides the convenient and accurate of unmanned detecting of water depth information, but also assists the development and applications of acoustic sensors that upgrades the capability of self-detecting in oceans and cultivates underwater techniques.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
資源工程研究所
104
Yehliu is a cape which tends toward northeast to southwest, located between Jinshan and Wanli, northern Taiwan. Its length is about 1600 meters and the width is about 250 meters. The strata age is dating to the Miocene strata Daliao layer. The mainly landscapes are various weathering rock on the eroded platforms. Well-known for its unique and valuable geological landscape, The Yehliu Geopark has sight-seeing recreation, geographic research, and environmental education etc., is an important and noted tourist attraction in Northern Taiwan. It has also been listed as a geological park in Taiwan. Taiwan has not attended into the United Nations, so Yehliu Geopark did not get the international certification. Most researches of Yehliu are subjected to Yehliu Geopark, for its surrounding attractions did not describe in details in the past. With a recent surge of landscape conservation, we choose Yehliu and its surrounding areas as the study area. Through literature review and field surveys to classify Yehliu static landscapes and explain its dynamic significance in geology. Lastly, this paper has aggregated landscape conservation, visitor behavior, visit the moving line, field and other risk factors to redesign geological attractions of Yehliu Geopark and its surrounding areas so that promoted Yehliu area to become one of the important Geoparks of international.

碩士
國立政治大學
圖書資訊學數位碩士在職專班
107
The geological surveys conducted during the Japanese Colonial Period provide indispensable data for research of geology in Taiwan. In addition to books and text resources, library collections also include maps, which are equally important. With technological advancement, library collections are no longer limited to paper or print data. This study surveyed the current status of preservation and applications of geological maps of Taiwan published during the Japanese Colonial Period to investigate the needs of geological researchers and difficulties encountered by librarians in archiving geological maps. This study hoped to offer suggestions regarding the library service of providing geological maps of Taiwan during the Japanese Colonial Period and to make data access easier for geological researchers. This study used related literature as the foundation and in-depth interview as the method. The findings were summarized as follows: (1) The geological maps of Taiwan published during the Japanese Colonial Period are indispensable for research of Taiwan's geology and have historical significance; (2) Many of the libraries surveyed in this study are inadequate in terms of facilities and safety measures, and their cataloging methods are not unified. Improvements in these aspects are needed; (3) Many of the libraries have completed digitalization of geological maps of Taiwan published during the Japanese Colonial Period but have set numerous limitations on public access. Only one library offers the application service; (4) The main difficulties for librarians in managing these archives are the poor archiving environment and the need to process Japanese information during cataloging. This study argued that digitalization of geological maps would be most beneficial to geological researchers if it could support positioning in a geographic information system. Finally, with regard to the preservation and application of geological maps of Taiwan published during the Japanese Colonial Period, this study proposed the following suggestions: (1) Improve the management of archives of geological maps of Taiwan published during the Japanese Colonial Period; (2) Create a complete catalogue of geological maps of Taiwan published during the Japanese Colonial Period; (3) Fully digitalize the geological maps of Taiwan published during the Japanese Colonial Period; (4) Pay attention to application and service of archives of geological maps of Taiwan; (5) Attach importance to library’s promotional activities; (6) Strengthen the library's interactions with other organizations; (7) Edit the map cataloging rules and metadata and develop a guide.

碩士
輔仁大學
博物館學研究所碩士班
107
Abstract Most studies on museumization have explored how the professional role of museums can assist in fading fine arts, traditional cultures and non-industrial artifacts spaces to revitalize. This research aims to extend the discussion on the development of museumization to governmental research institute, which is The Central Geological Survey of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, and try to reach the understanding the museumization in the sense of organizational and historical significance. The study aims to analyze the connection of the actual and the theoretical functions of research institute and museum, by probing inti the context to the functions of museumization , the transformation of governmental research institutes , and the experiences gained from the activities and educational promotion hold by The Central Geological Survey exploring the necessity of The Central Geological Survey implementing the museumization process. In addition, the study points out the improvement brought by the transformation and the enhancement can be further made and, in the end, discussing whether the process redefine the function of modern geological museum or not. The study discusses the process of the museumization of The Central Geological Survey by utilizing the narrative research of qualitative research and the literature review and analyze. The process of the museumization of the institute is as follows: from 1916-2012 is the period of Establishment and Transformation, from 2012-2015 is the period of Internal Information Integration, and from 2016-2018 is the period of External Source Cooperation. The Central Geological Survey is a governmental research institute and has been received the museumization transformation by Geology Act. With the guide from the Act, the “Information Disclosure” and “Educational Promotion” are the two objectives of the policy and the Institute also finds out by the practical operation that “Research-orient”, “Ecology”, and “Location” are three indispensable features of a modern geological museum. As a result, The Central Geological Survey developed the theme projects of “A Journal to Geocentric” and “Geological Carnival” to promote a series of exhibitions and activities and to explore the contextual meaning of the process of museumization while the space, collection, management, and educational function of the institute was changed fundamentally. Key words: Geological museum, Museumization, Geological science, Geological Data, Science popularizing

This dissertation examines George Dawson’s efforts to traverse several of the significant blank spaces that pervaded the map of Western Canada in the two decades following Confederation in 1870-71 on behalf of the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC). By analyzing how Dawson went about making these vast, remote and hitherto poorly-known territories legible we can better understand how he and his GSC colleagues helped to transform the Canadian West into a settler space that miners, traders, loggers, ranchers and many more could inhabit and exploit. As Dawson’s survey work in British Columbia and the North-West Territories reveals, the GSC helped to transform the Canadian West into settler space in two important ways. First, his western reconnaissance surveys yielded a wealth of practical knowledge about travel routes, natural resources, soils, climates, existing Native populations, potential hazards and the overall suitability of particular districts for settlement and resource extraction. This information was widely distributed in published reports and maps and served to draw the lands, natural resources and Indigenous inhabitants of the West more fully into the administrative orbit of the Dominion government. Moreover, Dawson’s reports and maps often depicted colonization as both inevitable and imminent, giving scientific weight and tangible expression to a colonial imaginary that, in practice, was never as certain nor as swift to unfold as these depictions intimated. Second, the GSC’s scientific surveys signified Canada’s desire and capacity to assert its epistemological dominion over the West. In this context, the work of a publicly-funded scientific survey was a profound symbol of authority because a state’s power to explore and map its national territory signified its power to rule over that territory. By exploring and reporting on these lands, Dawson and the Survey helped to cement the Dominion’s authority over its recent territorial acquisitions and affirm their status as a Canadian West. By offering important practical and symbolic contributions to Canada’s colonization of the West in the decades following Confederation, the Geological Survey of Canada played a vital role in transforming this region into a Canadian settler space.
Thesis (Ph.D, Geography) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-06 12:15:39.943

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1992.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-132).