Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Géologie appliquée'
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Yu, Zheng. "Reconnaissance automatique des formes appliquée à la géologie structurale." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4118.
Full textMadritsch, Herfried. "Structural evolution and neotectonics of the Rhine-Bresse Transfer Zone /." Basel : Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, 2008. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_8470.
Full textDENG, DESHENG. "Problemes de retro-analyse en geotechnique. Methode basee sur le theoreme des travaux virtuels." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENPC0102.
Full textCartannaz, Charles. "Magmatismes et déformations polyphasés : exemple des massifs de Guéret et de millevaches (massif central français) : origine des magmas et contexte de mise en place." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA2055.
Full textThe Guéret Massif, located in the north western part of the French Massif Central, exhibits a magmatic complex characterised by several distinct granitoid massifs emplaced between 360 and 330 Ma. The genesis of the earliest flat bodies can be explained by the bulk collapse of the Variscan chain responsible for lithospheric mantle melting which enhanced calc-alkaline magmatism. With a delay of 10 to 20 Ma, this magmatism heat supply triggered a melting of the lower crust responsible for the peraluminous granitoid of the Guéret magmatic complex. At 375 Ma, the inception of this extensional tectonic setting is recorded by the emplacement of cordierite-bearing anatexites (aubussonites) which act as a magmatic melt. The extensional setting is related to a Famenno-Tournaisian dextral shear in the Variscan belt. Displacement along the dextral N110/120 high strain zones is achieved before 355 Ma when the undeformed plutons intruded the Guéret magmatic complex. After 355 Ma, peraluminous intrusions recorded a N-S shortening and major horizontal dextral displacements occurred along N150/160 faults which crosscut the previous N110/120 trending faults. The syn-tectonic intrusions in the Marche and the Millevaches Massif recorded a coaxial deformation along the N110/120 faults. The sinistral sense of shear of the N20 Sillon Houiller is broadly coeval with the dextral sense of shear of the N150/160 Creuse Fault System. Finally, a syn-convergent extension related to the partitioning of the deformation accounts for the synchronous normal and wrench strain regime recorded by synkinematic magmatic intrusions emplaced from 340 Ma to 335 Ma
Duchamps, Jean-Marc. "Apport des techniques statistiques pour l'exploitation des diagraphies instantanées en génie civil." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR1A635.
Full textDuchamps, Jean-Marc. "Apport des techniques statistiques pour l'exploitation des diagraphies instantanées en génie civil." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10642.
Full textMellah, Razik. "Modélisation stochastique par éléments finis en élastoplasticité appliquée à la géomécanique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL125N.
Full textBilembi, David. "Etude de la locomotion d'une roue en milieu pulvérulkent : identification et interprétation du bourrelet amont engendré par le comportement de particules sédimentaires devant la roue en translation horizontale." Perpignan, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PERP0079.
Full textBen, Abdallah Mokhtar. "Etude critique de la méthgodlogie de reconnaissance et d'exécution d'un tracé linéaire." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2010.
Full textZandi, Setayesh. "Numerical modeling of geomechanical effects of steam injection in SAGD heavy oil recovery." Centre de géosciences (Fontainebleau, Seine et Marne), 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0058.
Full textThe Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process is a thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method that appears tremendously successful, especially for bitumen. SAGD process results in a complex interaction of geomechanics and multiphase flow in cohesionless porous media. In this process, continuous steam injection changes reservoir pore pressure and temperature, which can increase or decrease the effective stresses in the reservoir. Quantification of the state of deformation and stress in the reservoir is essential for the correct prediction of reservoir productivity, seal integrity, hydro fracturing, well failure and also for the interpretation of 4D seismic used to follow the development of the steam chamber. In SAGD process, the analysis of reservoir-geomechanics is concerned with the simultaneous study of fluid flow and mechanical response of the reservoir. Reservoir-geomechanics coupled simulation is still an important research topic. To perform this kind of simulation, a solution is to use a finite element based simulator to describe geomechanics and a finite volume based simulator to describe fluid flow. In this thesis, the SAGD coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modelling is conducted using PumaFlow reservoir simulator and Abaqus as the geomechanical simulator. The main issues being investigated in this study were (1) the coupling strategy, (2) the geometry and (3) type of gridding system. This work was performed on synthetic cases
Kervella, Stéphane. "Dynamique des sédiments fins et mixtes des zones intertidales de la baie de Marennes-Oléron : caractérisation des sédiments, processus hydro-sédimentaires et modélisation appliquée." La Rochelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LAROS286.
Full textThis thesis aims at increasing the general knowledge on sediment dynamics of intertidal flats in the Marennes-Oléron bay, according to physical, biological and anthropogenic factors. The conducted research is compound of three complementary studies : (1) a study of sediment behaviour through applied rheophysics on intertidal superficial sediments ; (2) a hydro-sedimentary study based on identification of the forcing action (physical, biological or anthropogenic) on the intertidal flat stability over several time scales (from the event to several months) ; (3) a specific application of the model SiAM-2DH to the Marennes-Oléron bay. The surface sediments shows a mechanical behaviour that mainly depends on the fine fraction for a composition that contains up to 60% of sandy material, where grains play an inclusive role in the mixture. The total shear strength of sediment could be defined from the combination of granular and fine fractions. Moreover, the sedimentary maps of intertidal areas, established from the sedimentary study, show high seasonal variability of the areas. Waves appear to have a great influence on the resuspension of surface sediment throughout the bay. The maximum turbidity expulsion of the Charente estuary highly influences the sedimentation rate in the Brouage mudflat. Seagrass meadows play an important role on the temporary sediment storage in summer, on top of the westen intertidal flats. Model simulations using realistic forcing (wind, tide, Charente flows, oyster occurence) show that oysters have a very local impact on sedimentation. These results allow the description of the changes (erosion/deposition) occuring on the intertidal flat of the bay
Bertelle, Cyrille. "Simulation numérique d'une houle de canal appliquée à un modèle simple de transport de sédiments." Le Havre, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LEHA0005.
Full textHébert, Étienne. "Analyse géostatique quasi-3D des propriétés hydrauliques d'un noyau de barrage en remblai." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27656.
Full textThe hydraulic barrier performance of the compacted till core of embankment dams is highly dependent on compaction conditions during construction, which alongside with basic geotechnical properties, may significantly vary spatially. Recent studies showed that geostatistics can be used to represent the spatial variability of the geotechnical properties of dam materials, such as hydraulic conductivity, using georeferenced construction control data. These studies led to advances in the understanding of various issues related to the stratified nature of dams' structure and broadened perspectives for geostatistical analyses of large embankment dams. This research focuses on the improvement of the geostatistical approach used to model the hydraulic conductivity of an embankment dam's compacted till core. The studied site is the Sainte-Marguerite-3 (SM-3) dam, built on the Sainte-Marguerite river, northwest to the city of Sept-Îles in Québec. A mathematical approach using an aggregation rate was first developed as a way to obtain a more representative assessment of the dam's hydraulic conductivity. A quasi-3D spatial interpolation structure was used for the geostatistical analysis to estimate the hydraulic conductivity for every location in the core. A priority analysis of the multiple geotechnical parameters used to compute hydraulic conductivity was then performed. For this aspect of the project, geostatistics were used to individually analyze the spatial variability of the parameters measured during construction, which were then used to compute the hydraulic conductivity. Finally, in order to provide a solution to a specific problem observed in the SM-3 dam, a geostatistical analysis using multiple domains was performed. This approach was used to accurately model the important spatial variability of the geotechnical parameters, observed in some areas of the dam, caused by variations in the origins of the materials. Results showed that the quasi-3D spatial interpolation structure used for this project is an effective alternative to a 1D analysis used in past projects and that this type of interpolation structure respects the materials' spatial continuity. The results also showed that a multi-parametric approach using domains, motivated by the terrain's reality, offers a better estimation, especially when it comes to assessing the influence of compaction conditions.
Simon, Christophe. "Étude et réalisation d'un système de reconnaissance à l'avancement devant un tunnelier." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10174.
Full textZiyadi, Rachid. "Géologie appliquée à l’étude de l’environnement géothermique de la région de Nador (Rif nord-oriental, Maroc) : Tectonique, sédimentologie, magmatisme, géophysique, hydrothermalisme, géothermie." Pau, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PAUUA003.
Full textTonnayopas, Danupon. "Utilisation de la télédétection en géologie appliquée : étude du choix d'un tracé autoroutier entre Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne et Modane (Alpes françaises)." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10644.
Full textWalger, Roland. "Méthode de quantification de la qualité du massif rocheux en vue de travaux souterrains : Synthèse géologique de plus de 100 km de tunnels du canal de Provence." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX11070.
Full textWilson-Jones, Herbert Ayodéji Emmanuel. "Ouvrages renforcés par des géosynthétiques dans un modèle analogique plan." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10179.
Full textAtfeh, Bilal. "Méthode des lignes de courant appliquée à la modélisation des bassins." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008599.
Full textPereira, Dos Reis Luciano. "Une architecture pour la collaboration synchrone à distance appliquée à la visualisation et à la modélisation dans les géosciences." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_PEREIRA_DOS_REIS_L.pdf.
Full textCollaborative modeling systems are still rare in most technical domains, particularly in the geosciences, because their development involves many technical and organizational issues and usually requires major redesign of operational single-user applications. In this thesis we propose an architecture that enables the transformation of an existing application into a collaborative system, exclusively through the dynamic composition of run-time plugins. It takes into account the requirements of modeling and visualization in the geosciences, and supports the integration into the base application of cooperation services, multimedia communication, and a simple and extensible role-based coordination scheme that provides integrated broadcasting and floor-control mechanisms for the introduced collaboration channels. We also consider a work model in which collaboration sessions may involve the use of heterogeneous user interfaces by the remote participants (desktop and virtual reality), and discuss the application of the system in operational scenarios
Chadouli, Kheira. "Caractérisation pétrographique appliquée à la modélisation pétrolière : étude de cas." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0291/document.
Full textUnderstanding oil systems requires petrographic characterization of all elements and process that compose it. In this work, several examples of source rocks, reservoir rocks and seal from different petroleum basins have been studied in order to describe conventional petrographic methods and develop new ones. The new ones as: a program of transformation kinetic of kerogene composed of two types of organic matter, maceral analysis and microfractures study using images analysis, the diffraction X-ray and tomography allowed source rock description. As for, reservoir rocks, methods of petrophysical characterization by images analysis, MSCL Microscopy and wettability parameters permit reservoir quality description and their preservation over time due to recrystalization and dissolution phenomena, fluid flow and TSR/BSR reaction. The cap rocks studied in this thesis are those of Callovo-Ordovician argillites, using X-Ray diffraction as well as images analysis and tomography. Those methods facilitated the understanding of argillites behavior over time, their sorption/desorption ability and their reliability of nuclear waste storage. Finally, Modeling using Petromod helps to determine petroleum systems functioning. Modeling by percolation method gives results closer to oil basins reality, than by Darcy/Hybrid method
Moullard, Pierre-Yves. "Aménagement hydroélectrique de Turkwel en bordure du rift - Kenya : contribution du génie géologique à la conception et aux travaux du barrage." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10147.
Full textNakolendousse, Samuel. "Méthode d'évaluation de la productivité des sites aquifères au Burkina Faso : géologie, géophysique, télédétection." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00756438.
Full textSechi-Sapowicz, Serafina. "Les Archives sédimentaires témoins des phases d'érosion : approche géo-archéologique appliquée au bassin versant de la Basse Vallée de la Seine (Normandie, France) et au Campidano Septentrional (Sardaigne, Italie)." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES045.
Full textThe study of sedimentary archives of all geomorphological compartments of the Lower Seine Valley watershed (Normandy), as well as sites of piedmont in the Septentrional Campidano (Central Western Sardinia), enabled us to identify several erosion and sedimentation phases. These phases mark important changes resulting from the direct or indirect impact of several factors or from their combinations Thus erosion markers reveal morphogenetic "crises" controlled by the internal lithologic properties of the studied system, as well as by the climatic and anthropogenic signals. In our study areas, the first erosional phases we have encountered (from the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene) correspond to the major climatic and eustatic changes identified on a global scale. The main impact of the climatic factor continues at least until the beginning of the Neolithic era. From the middle final Neolithic to the Protohistory era, Man became a more active player in causing soil imbalance (i. E: deforestation, switch from a mono-specific agriculture to a professionalized agriculture). From the end of the Iron Age to the Roman period, Man became an aggravating factor (i. E: high deforestation, intensive land use). Later, from the Middle-Ages to the Contemporary era, Man became the triggering factor (i. E: the land becomes a mosaic of cropped agricultural areas with a shift towards agriculture with heavy animal tractation) that has a direct impact on the major erosional phases. Once it passed a certain threshold of imbalance accelerated by human activities that made the soil more susceptible to the weather hazards, the resilience of the environment stops and follows to climate fluctuations however minor
Nicol, Nadège. "Etude structurale des minéralisations Zn-Pb du Paléozoi͏̈que du dome de Pierrefitte (Hautes-Pyrénées) : goniométrie de texture appliquée aux minéraux transparents et opaques." Orléans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ORLE2051.
Full textVerdel, Thierry. "Géotechnique et monuments historiques : méthodes de modélisation numérique appliquées à des cas égyptiens." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1993_VERDEL_T.pdf.
Full textLefebvre, Marie-Pierre. "Spatialisation de modèles de fonctionnement hydromécanique des sols appliquée à la prévision des risques de tassement à l'échelle de la France." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553390.
Full textDelerablee, Yvon. "Intégration thermique et mécanique des géostructures thermiques : de l'échelle du bâtiment à l'échelle de la cité." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2004.
Full textThis PhD work concerns the improvement of heat transfer phenomena for thermoactive geostructures at building scale but also their thermal interaction. The role of the groundwater flow is of major importance in this analysis. The PhD thesis is a part of a research contract between Antea Group and IFSTTAR.A three-dimensional numerical model with a thermo-hydraulic coupling is built thanks to the software FLAC3D. An approach based on the heat flux divergence computation is developed to define the thermal contribution of conduction and advection. This approach is applied in control volume around the building to consider the inlet and outlet heat fluxes.This protocol is used to test different parameters such as the groundwater flow, the building geometry and the thermal solicitation. The analysis of these models highlights the strong heterogeneity at building scale when the groundwater flow. This conclusion reinforces the necessity to consider 3D effects and provides some insights to optimise the thermal load for the thermoactive geostructures.To confirm the conclusion produced thanks to the numerical analysis, data from a reduced scale experimental site are analysed. Since it is possible to control the boundary conditions, it implies a better assumption of the thermal behaviour thanks to the reduction of unknowns. The data from the sensor in the thermoactive geostructures and in the ground validate the numerical part. Therefore, the conclusions are robust thanks to the two different method of analysis.To improve the numerical models, the data from the experimental site are used to calibrate a 3D numerical model of a reference test. The complexity of the site, its composition and the different boundary conditions are hard to properly model. The thermal variations in the ground are well computed but this approach seems to be too simple to repeat with precision the thermal variation in the heat carrier fluid.These results provide some insights to improve the thermal analysis methods. Some guidelines to consider the groundwater flow effect and the thermal behaviour of large buildings are presented in this thesis
Moosavi, Sourena. "Initiation et propagation de la fracturation en milieu anisotrope avec prise en compte des couplages hydro-mécaniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0254.
Full textCurrent emphasis in petroleom industry toward increasing the reservoirs efficiency, along with the interest in exploitation of other sources of energy buried deep underground created a renewed interest in rock fracture mechanics in general and hydraulic fracturing specifically. Hydraulic fracturing, informally referred to as “fracking,” is an oil and gas well development process that typically involves injecting water, under high pressure into a bedrock formation via the well. This process is intended to create new fractures in the rock as well as increase the size, extent, and connectivity of existing fractures. However some of the very important features of this process have been overlooked. Among these neglected features one can name of inability of the vast majority of existing models to tackle at once the propagation of hydraulic fractures in fractured rocks-masses where a competing dipole mechanism exists between fracturing of the intact rock and re-activation of exiting fracture networks. Another feature that has been ignored is its intrinsically three dimensionality which is neglected by most models. Among all different types of numerical methods that have been developed in order to assess the mechanism of fracturing phenomenon very few, if any, can handle the entire complexity of such process. In the present thesis, fluid-driven crack initiation and propagation in transverse isotropic rocks is simulated using a coupled model comprising of eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) and cohesive zone models. The HM XFEM developed in this thesis is an extension to previous models developed introduced in multiscale hydrogeomechanics team of GeoRessources. An emphasis is put on considering the anisotropic nature of the medium and on studying its influence on the propagation path. This latter is investigated by the concept of bifurcation angle previously introduced in literature. In complementary efforts was made to have a better understanding of crack initiation in transversely isotropic media, we also used the discrete element method (DEM) in order to gain insights into the mechanisms at stake. Both methods exhibit their advantages and disadvantages in modeling fracturing phenomenon. The different nature of two methods, DEM being a discontinuous and XFEM being a continuous method, reveals potentials of both methods and renders a good comparison of which method suits the problem in hand the best, considering the the objectives of the design
Zelfani, Margheni. "Ingénierie de la connaissance et raisonnement dans un univers multi-agents : Xpent-Cassis, un système à base de connaissances en géotechnique." Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET4031.
Full textCouturier, Bernard. "Les études géologiques dans les projets de barrages." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785561.
Full textDirgantara, Gan Gan. "Caractérisation systémique du bassin versant de Citanduy appliquée à la gestion intégrée et à la préservation de la lagune Segara Anakan (Indonésie)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30022/document.
Full textThe coastal zone is very important for Indonesia. It becomes the significant basis for the domestic, commercial and industrial activities. Recently, many environmental problems have arisen in the coastal zone development in this country. One of them is the case of the Segara Anakan mangrove lagoon, located in the Citanduy watershed on the Java Island. The high level of sedimentation, resulting from rapid soil erosion in the upstream of that watershed has caused a severe degradation of the economical and ecological functions of that lagoon. Between 1903 and 2008, the lagoon area decreased by 88% from 6400 to 750 hectares. By taking into account the uniqueness and its important functions, the Indonesian government has determined the Segara Anakan lagoon as a national strategic area where the conservation efforts have been initiated. However, the environmental degradation of that lagoon still occurs until now because of the management problem which is maintained by multiple conflicts between the various actors of regional development. Considering the watershed, including the lagoon area, as a dynamic and complex system, we used the DPSIR method (Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) to analyze and to link all the factors involved in the degradation of this ecosystem including physical, economic, social, political and institutional aspects. The identification of these factors and the description of their interrelationships are essential to develop an integrated lagoon management model which is accepted by the different actors concerned in the lagoon management and the lagoon utilization
Ducharme, Marc-André. "Caractérisation du pergélisol : application d'une nouvelle méthode afin d'estimer la conductivité thermique à l'aide de la tomodensitométrie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26733.
Full textWhen building in the Arctic, design considerations require precise knowledge of the thermal and geotechnical properties of the permafrost. Computed tomography provides visualization of the cryostructure of permafrost. Previous studies showed great potential in using this technology for classification and volume measurements of permafrost components, i.e. sediment (solid), ice and gas (void) contents. The aims of this study are (1) to develop an innovative and non-destructive approach using CT scan to compute the thermal conductivity of undisturbed permafrost samples and (2) to validate the results computed from CT scan image analysis with proven experimental thermal conductivity data. The very good results obtained so far show that CT scan thermal conductivity measurements yield results comparable to other existing methods. The new approach could still be significantly improved by the use of a higher resolution CT scanner.
Moosavi, Sourena. "Initiation et propagation de la fracturation en milieu anisotrope avec prise en compte des couplages hydro-mécaniques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0254/document.
Full textCurrent emphasis in petroleom industry toward increasing the reservoirs efficiency, along with the interest in exploitation of other sources of energy buried deep underground created a renewed interest in rock fracture mechanics in general and hydraulic fracturing specifically. Hydraulic fracturing, informally referred to as “fracking,” is an oil and gas well development process that typically involves injecting water, under high pressure into a bedrock formation via the well. This process is intended to create new fractures in the rock as well as increase the size, extent, and connectivity of existing fractures. However some of the very important features of this process have been overlooked. Among these neglected features one can name of inability of the vast majority of existing models to tackle at once the propagation of hydraulic fractures in fractured rocks-masses where a competing dipole mechanism exists between fracturing of the intact rock and re-activation of exiting fracture networks. Another feature that has been ignored is its intrinsically three dimensionality which is neglected by most models. Among all different types of numerical methods that have been developed in order to assess the mechanism of fracturing phenomenon very few, if any, can handle the entire complexity of such process. In the present thesis, fluid-driven crack initiation and propagation in transverse isotropic rocks is simulated using a coupled model comprising of eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) and cohesive zone models. The HM XFEM developed in this thesis is an extension to previous models developed introduced in multiscale hydrogeomechanics team of GeoRessources. An emphasis is put on considering the anisotropic nature of the medium and on studying its influence on the propagation path. This latter is investigated by the concept of bifurcation angle previously introduced in literature. In complementary efforts was made to have a better understanding of crack initiation in transversely isotropic media, we also used the discrete element method (DEM) in order to gain insights into the mechanisms at stake. Both methods exhibit their advantages and disadvantages in modeling fracturing phenomenon. The different nature of two methods, DEM being a discontinuous and XFEM being a continuous method, reveals potentials of both methods and renders a good comparison of which method suits the problem in hand the best, considering the the objectives of the design
De, Santis Francesca. "Rock mass mechanical behavior in deep mines : in situ monitoring and numerical modelling for improving seismic hazard assessment." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0020.
Full textWith the aim of better understanding interactions between stress modifications induced by mining and the generation of seismic activity, a deep area of Garpenberg mine (Sweden) was instrumented by Ineris with microseismic probes and geotechnical cells. Spatiotemporal analysis of recorded seismicity between 2015 and 2016, as well as seismic source parameters, have highlighted two types of seismic rock mass responses: one local and temporally short directly induced by production blasts, the other long-lasting over time and remote from excavations being mainly controlled by geological heterogeneities. Geotechnical data analysis showed the occurrence of aseismic deformations, as well as creep phenomena induced by mining exploitation. In addition, seismic activity decays proportional to the decaying rate of measured strains. This latter observation implies that creep may be another mechanism driving seismicity, in addition to the immediate stress change induced by blasting. In the last part of this thesis, a 3D elasto-plastic geomechanical model has been realized and its results have been compared with geophysical data. This comparison showed that mine-wide numerical models can be suitable for the analysis of mining induced seismicity at large-scale. However, there are some aspects of the induced seismicity that the model cannot fully explain. This is particularly true for remote seismicity occurring at a distance from excavations, while better correlations are found when considering seismicity close to production areas. Results of this thesis demonstrated that a combined approach which associates seismic and geotechnical data with numerical modelling can significantly improve our understanding of the rock mass response to mining. The combination of these methodologies in an integrated approach can significantly reduce their straightforward limitations, which appears evident when these instruments are considered separately
Lavedan, Gérard. "Aménagement hydroélectrique de Turkwel en bordure du rift - Kenya : contribution du génie géologique à la conception et aux travaux de l'aménagement souterrain." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10145.
Full textEl, Youssoufi Moulay Saïd. "Calcul de structures 3-Dim isotropes transverses par éléments frontières : élasticité, thermoélasticité et poroélasticité." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20224.
Full textBélanger, Karine. "Caractérisation géotechnique et géophysique des argiles sensibles de Brownsburg, Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27507.
Full textIn Quebec, thick marine clay deposits were formed during the last glaciation. Following the leaching of salts in the pore water of these deposits, the clays can become sensitive. Such deposits of sensitive clay are prone to large landslides and constitute a threat for the population established in those areas and man-made infrastructure built on these deposits. Due to the variations in salinity of pore water in a clay deposit, the measurement of electrical resistivity appears as an appropriate near-surface geophysical method for the investigation of sensitive clays. To assess this potential of none destructive investigation, a geophysical and geotechnical campaign has been carried out in the Vases Creek Valley in Brownsburg, Quebec. In addition to a 1.6 km-long induced polarization survey, six cone penetration tests with pore pressure and electrical resistivity measurements, and five boreholes with soil sampling have been performed along this geophysical survey line. Geotechnical and chemical properties of clay samples and pore water extracted from these samples have also been measured. Significant variations in electrical resistivity, remoulded shear strength and salinity have been observed along the survey line. Difference as large as 20 Ωm between the methods has been noted. Empirical correlations have been established between electrical resistivity, salinity and remoulded shear strength. For electrical resistivity values lower than 3 Ωm in the Brownsburg clays, the salts leaching is enough to make the clay become sensitive and to increase the potential for large landslides. Except for a small section located north of the Vases Creek where the clay deposit is thicker and less leached than the other sections with electrical resistivity lower than 3 Ωm, the clay deposit investigated at Brownsburg is sensitive and prone to large landslides.
Resendiz-Vazquez, Aleyda. "L'industrialisation du bâtiment : le cas de la préfabrication dans la construction scolaire en France (1951-1973)." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00554230.
Full textMulder, Thierry. "Aspects géotechniques de la stabilité des marges continentales : application à la baie des Anges (Nice, France)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1992_MULDER_T.pdf.
Full textGautier, Mathieu. "Interactions entre argile ammoniée et molécules organiques dans le contexte du stockage des déchets. Cas de molécules à courtes chaînes." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00329770.
Full textHaurie, Jean-Louis. "Géodynamique des cirques de la Réunion : implications géotechniques et stabilité des versants." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10164.
Full textRamadan, Ghanem. "La stabilité et l’évolution des cavités souterraines : sur l’exemple des carrières souterraines de la Métropole lilloise." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10067.
Full textThe presence of underground cavities creates a potential hazard for population and has a direct impact on land values. Combining observations and analyses of materials in laboratory, the present research work focuses on the phenomena of underground cavity degradation on site and in laboratory, on the example of the Lille Metropole chalk underground quarries. Many disorders (collapse by roof rupture, breakdown of pillars, collapse of the rock blocks) were observed during 10 site visits. The structural analysis of the chalk shows the presence of many fractures, especially joints which sometimes concentrate along corridors. The steady state of quarries observed in the field has been confirmed by treatment of convergence canes data between the roof and floor of several underground quarries. Results show that deformation rate is generally very low. Identifying significant data on incidents over a twenty-year period shows a correlation between main rainfall patterns and surface disorders. On-site alteration processes of chalk and interactions with water show the formation of different patinas on chalk surface. In laboratory, microscopic observations reveal modifications in characteristics of the surface of chalk, mainly calcite precipitation, deposition of iron oxides and hydroxides and porosity modifications
Bianchi, Brigitte. "Traitement d'images satellitaires applique a la cartographie numerique quantitative de la circulation oceanique superficielle." Nice, 1988. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00956606.
Full textBost, Marion. "Altération par le gel des massifs rocheux : étude expérimentale et modélisation des mécanismes de génération des contraintes dans les fissures." Phd thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4575/01/th%C3%A8sepdf2.pdf.
Full textStone and rock falls bring about problems related to land management in mountainous areas. Yet, the temporal assessment of the risk of rupture in blocks requires a kinetic description of weathering phenomenon. In the case of limestone cliffs in mountainous areas, it can be estimated that the dominant weathering process lies in cracks propagation due to freezingthawing cycles. This freezing-thawing mechanism within a rock matrix was reproduced in laboratory experiments with notched specimens. Experimental results allowed us to establish a model for the stresses due to frost. This stress model, along a crack inner wall, exhibits a maximum, which spreads more and more deeply along with spending time, until a limit, which is intrinsic to the material. Actually, the generated stress results as a balance between the confining pressure induced by the ice front spreading deeply in the crack and the water leakage in the porosity network in the vicinity of the crack. It is thus strongly dependent on the crack geometry and on the porous network features of the rock. An analytical assessment of the stress intensity factor at the crack bottom, by using the model established for the stress, was carried out. It matches the possibility to initiate a rupture according to linear failure mechanics laws. Microscopic observations of the crack evolution throughout the freezingthawing cycles show a progressive and heterogeneous rupture of the limestone. The crack propagation was simulated numerically. This simulation gave encouraging results, as it brought up to light key-elements which could be used to establish a predictive model for the failure of a rock mass subject to freezing-thawing cycles
Bohn, Cécilia. "Serviceability and safety in the design of rigid inclusions and combined pile-raft foundations." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1096/document.
Full textRigid inclusions represent a further development of combined pile-raft foundations, comprising a load transfer platform between the columns and the structure. Calculation methods and design concepts are available for such combined systems in particular in France, based on measured pressuremeter modulus values and on the French recommendations ASIRI for rigid inclusions (IREX 2012). The conventional pile design consisting only of a bearing capacity check for the individual column cannot be applied to such combined systems. The expected settlements may be larger due to a significant load proportion supported by the soil. The present work contributes to the development of displacement-based calculation methods (advocated by the Eurocode 7, EN 1997-1 2004) and design methods for combined systems under vertical loads, in particular on an international level where in general no in situ soil modulus values are measured. Possible particularities of such systems, like the sensitivity of unreinforced small-diameter columns, also had to be investigated. The load transfer method (LTM) is identified as a straightforward engineering tool for the calculation of combined systems with relatively simple geometries. The soil-column interaction in terms of skin friction and tip resistance is described by deformation-dependent load transfer curves (or “t-z” and “q-z” curves). Continuum methods like the finite element method should be preferred only for complex cases in general. The non-linear load-settlement behaviour of single footings up to failure is analysed based on measurements given in the literature. This yields the proposal of a hyperbolic load-settlement curve for footings. This mobilization curve is defined in a way to match the linear usual method for one third of the footing ultimate load. The behaviour of single piles is investigated based on numerous available instrumented and non-instrumented pile load tests with different pile and soil types. A reliable alternative to the load transfer curves after Frank and Zhao (1982), which are based on the pressuremeter modulus, is sought. Cubic root and hyperbolic axial load transfer curves are proposed for all pile and ground types. The stiffness accuracy of the proposed curves depends on an accurate estimation of the ultimate skin friction and tip resistance values. On the contrary, the initial stiffness of the Frank and Zhao curves is fully described by the pressuremeter modulus, avoiding thus errors in the stiffness. The proposed mobilization curves for the shallow and pile foundation behaviours are combined and extended for all combined systems. The proposed method is implemented as the LTM option into the software KID (Keller company 2015). The prediction with the developed model matches very well the measurements made for 3 different cases from the literature. A parametric study shows a smooth transition between the combined pile-raft foundation case and the rigid inclusion case and a potential for optimisation with a significant reduction of the internal forces in the columns and in the rigid slab when a load transfer platform is used. In addition, a comparison with 3D finite element calculations for a theoretical footing case with columns confirms that the developed load transfer method is very reliable for simple geometries. Sensitivity investigations using the axisymmetric and 3D finite element method with Plaxis (2013, 2014) are performed. Geometrical imperfections impact mainly the structural integrity of small-diameter unreinforced columns. However, these effects are reduced in combined systems compared to the single column case due to the possibility of redistribution of the loads within the system
Laget, Manon. "Rôle des Rhizaria dans les cycles biogéochimiques de l’océan épi- et mésopélagique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023DUNK0690.
Full textThe epipelagic and mesopelagic oceans play a key role in the production, recycling, and transfer of both organic and mineral matter to the deep ocean. Rhizaria (including Radiolaria and Phaeodaria) are planktonic protists thriving in these layers throughout the world ocean. They can display either mixotrophic or heterotrophic feeding behavior, and some of them form silica skeletons. Furthermore, these organisms can aggregate detrital material around them, forming fast-sinking particles. Sampling these fragile organisms is challenging, but advances in in situ imaging techniques have improved estimates of their abundance and roles in element fluxes. Still, due to a lack of measurements at the cellular level, our understanding of their global carbon biomass and their roles in biogeochemical processes remains limited. To fill this gap, the carbon content of diverse rhizarian taxa was measured, covering a broad size spectrum, and an allometric relationship was established, revealing an overall low carbon density compared to smaller protists. Using boosted regression trees and a global Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP) 5 dataset, including >167,000 rhizarian images recorded all over the world ocean, global carbon biomass of >600-μm Rhizaria was reestimated to be 1.7% of the total mesozooplankton biomass within the upper 500 m of the water column. This biomass was found to be 10-fold higher in the mesopelagic than in the epipelagic layer. Subsequently, mesopelagic flux-feeder Phaeodaria were estimated to intercept 3.8-9.2% of the gravitational POC flux exported out of the euphotic zone. In the Southern Ocean, where their abundance was previously shown to be low, this interception rate can reach as high as 11.2-23.4%. In addition, biogenic silica (bSi) production rates of Phaeodaria were estimated, being the first quantification of bSi production in the mesopelagic layer. As the sole bSi producers in this layer, they play a significant role in its recycling, co-dominating the silicon cycle along with diatoms and sponges. Lastly, a new methodology to measure the sinking speed of marine particles using the UVP6 mounted on a sediment trap was introduced. After collecting approx. 9,000 measurements of particle sinking speeds in the North Atlantic, no strong relationships were found between morphological measurements provided by the UVP6 and sinking speeds. Instead, it was observed that sinking speeds increased with depth and were influenced by environmental conditions. These results highlight the importance of considering community composition, including both phytoplankton and zooplankton, for speed estimation and to refine flux estimates using in situ imaging
Mejía-Herrera, Pablo-Eliécer. "Apport de la modélisation 3D et de la restauration structurale dans la compréhension des gisements de matières premières minérales." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0308/document.
Full textThe objective of this Ph.D. thesis is to apply 3D and 4D modeling methods to reconstruct the architecture and deformations over time of geological entities in a defined region. Structural restoration modeling is used here to estimate geological, physical and structural attributes for understanding the origin of ore-deposits, and for identifying potential mineralized areas. We focused this thesis on 3D and 4D modeling on real case studies with different geological contexts (e.g. uplifting, fault activity and shortening), demonstrating the advantages and drawbacks on their use for similar situations. This thesis is organized into three parts: (i) the application of structural modeling in the mining district of the Copper Belt of Legnica-Glogów (south-west Poland). A surface-restoration approach was applied to estimate favorable conditions for hydraulic fracturing during an inversion, occurred in the northern part of Europe at Late Cretaceous--Early Paleocene. In our hypothesis, hydraulic fracturing developed at that time played an important role in the distribution of copper content observed in present days in the mining district. (ii) The curvature calculated on triangulated surfaces that represent the stratigraphic horizons in the Fore-Sudetic region (Poland), are used to highlight the fault systems in the basement as well as their activity. High curvature values reveal the fault activity which is associated with the copper mineralization process in the region. (iii) Mechanical restoration of the Mount Pleasant, Western Australia, simulates an Archean shortening event which occurred in the area linked to the gold mineralization process. The mechanical restoration was used to estimate the strain field in the region at the time of shortening. This deformation field was used to estimate the damage parameters of the rock mass. They show new potential gold areas located in off-fault gold systems. In conclusion, it is shown that 3D modeling and structural restoration could be used to identify potential favorable zones for the presence of mineralization, and seem promising as a tool for the exploration of ore-deposits and mineral resources
Veilex, Florence. "Approche expérimentale des processus humains de compréhension en vue d'une indexation automatique des résumés scientifiques : application à un corpus de géologie." Grenoble 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985GRE2A005.
Full textDe, Santis Francesca. "Rock mass mechanical behavior in deep mines : in situ monitoring and numerical modelling for improving seismic hazard assessment." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0020/document.
Full textWith the aim of better understanding interactions between stress modifications induced by mining and the generation of seismic activity, a deep area of Garpenberg mine (Sweden) was instrumented by Ineris with microseismic probes and geotechnical cells. Spatiotemporal analysis of recorded seismicity between 2015 and 2016, as well as seismic source parameters, have highlighted two types of seismic rock mass responses: one local and temporally short directly induced by production blasts, the other long-lasting over time and remote from excavations being mainly controlled by geological heterogeneities. Geotechnical data analysis showed the occurrence of aseismic deformations, as well as creep phenomena induced by mining exploitation. In addition, seismic activity decays proportional to the decaying rate of measured strains. This latter observation implies that creep may be another mechanism driving seismicity, in addition to the immediate stress change induced by blasting. In the last part of this thesis, a 3D elasto-plastic geomechanical model has been realized and its results have been compared with geophysical data. This comparison showed that mine-wide numerical models can be suitable for the analysis of mining induced seismicity at large-scale. However, there are some aspects of the induced seismicity that the model cannot fully explain. This is particularly true for remote seismicity occurring at a distance from excavations, while better correlations are found when considering seismicity close to production areas. Results of this thesis demonstrated that a combined approach which associates seismic and geotechnical data with numerical modelling can significantly improve our understanding of the rock mass response to mining. The combination of these methodologies in an integrated approach can significantly reduce their straightforward limitations, which appears evident when these instruments are considered separately