Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Géologie – Méditerranée (mer ; est)'
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Murat, Anne. "Enregistrement sédimentaire des paléoenvironnements quaternaires en Méditerranée orientale." Perpignan, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PERP0138.
Full textDucassou, Emmanuelle. "Évolution du système turbiditique profond du Nil au cours du Quaternaire récent." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13263.
Full textAngue, Minto'o Charlie Morelle. "Enregistrements sédimentaires des changements climatiques et environnementaux pendant le quaternaire terminal sur la marge est-Corse." Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1242.
Full textSituated in the northern part of Tyrrhenian sea (western Mediterranean), the East-Corsica margin is a small confined basin with a wide variety of sedimentary environments which are the focus of several studies. In order to reconstruct changes linked to paleo-climatic-oceanographic-environmental variations, in this margin, a multi-proxy analysis was made on late Quaternary sediments. This multi-proxy approach associates variation of benthic foraminifer and ostracod assemblages to oxygen and carbon isotopes, and to sedimentological data such as sortable silt and magnetic susceptibility. As a result, it has been shown that in the East-Corsica basin: 1/ the sedimentary transport is closely linked to climatic oscillations with a strong activation during cold intervals; 2/ the Levantine intermediate water circulation was intensified during Greenland stadials and Heinrich events. This leads to a bottom ventilation increase during these colds phases; 3/ bottom conditions were characterized by an establishment of eutrophic conditions during the sapropel deposition periods of eastern Mediterranean
Gatti, Julie. "Intrusions du courant Nord méditerranéen sur la partie Est du plateau continental du Golfe du Lion." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22095.pdf.
Full textThe Mediterranean Northern Current (NC) is the northern branch of the general cyclonic circulation in the western Mediterranean basin. The NC flows southwestward along the Gulf of Lion (GoL) continental slope, from the Ligurian Sea to the Catalan Sea, and sometimes intrudes on the continental shelf. This PhD work focuses on describing and caracterizing the NC’s intrusions on the eastern part of the shelf, and identifying their generating processes, through both in situ measurements and numerical modelling. [. . . ]
Gervais, Anne. "Analyse multi-échelles de la morphologie, de la géométrie et de l'architecture d'un système turbiditique sableux profond (Système du Golo, Marge est-Corse, Mer Méditerranée) : implications pour la reconnaissance des processus de transport et de dépôt des sédiments et pour la construction des lobes sableux en domaine profond." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12621.
Full textDrivaliari, Androniki. "Images polliniques et paléoenvironnements au Néogène supérieur en Méditerranée orientale. Aspects climatiques et paléogéographiques d'un transect latitudinal (de la Roumanie au delta du Nil)." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20191.
Full textIlieva, Maya. "Crustal deformations of shallow earthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean studied by radar interferometry and seismology." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066025.
Full textAbd, l.-Maguid Mohamed. "Recherches sur la construction navale antique en Méditerranée orientale de l'Egypte pharaonique à la fin de l'Antiquité : étude archéologique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10055.
Full textRoche, Vincent. "Du manteau au système géothermal de haute température : Dynamique de subduction et anomalies thermiques en Méditerranée orientale." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2007/document.
Full textHigh temperature geothermal resources are mainly located along subduction zones. The Menderes geothermal Province (Turkey) offers the opportunity to study amagmatic geothermal systems, without necessarily invoking a magmatic heat source in the upper crust. This study shows that high temperatures in the back-arc domain are primarily related to subduction dynamics (i.e. rollback and tearing). Numerical models suggest that shear heating and mantle flows increase temporarily the amount of heat flow at the base of the crust. Furthermore, field studies on the entire Aegean region (Cyclades, Dodecanese and Western Anatolia) show a similar tectonic and thermal evolution since the Cretaceous, characterized by a succession of episodes of HP-LT and HT-LP metamorphism. Moreover, the contribution of TRSCM and radiochronometric data (⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar, U-Pb) reveals the formation of a largethermal pulse contemporaneous with the exhumation of the Menderes MCC. This event occurs in the Miocene and may be explained by a drastic change in subduction dynamics (i.e. slab tearing under the Menderes Massif).Crustal-scale structures (i.e. detachments) induce the emplacement of the Menderes MCC, and also control deep fluids circulation in the crust from brittle-ductile transition zone to the surface without magmatic contribution inthe upper crust. As a consequence, the Menderes geothermal Province is recognized as a most important active geothermal province in the world because it results from subduction dynamics. This dynamics thus controls thespatial and temporal distribution of thermal anomaly and extension, inducing crustal-scale permeable structures(detachments) that enhance fluids circulation
El, Taguri Adel. "La Coexistence du Retard de Croissance et de l'Obésité chez les jeunes enfants de la Région méditerranéenne Orientale : Implication dans les Politiques Nutritionnelles nationales." Paris, CNAM, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CNAM0597.
Full textOther countries in the EMME also showed significant rates of stunting (18. 5 % in Libya - 57. 6 % in Yemen) and overweight (8. 9 % in the Yemen - 20. 2 % in Syria). Certain regions in these countries had higher rates of obesity (Halab and Al-Raka in Syria, 31. 5 and 47. 8 % respectively). The countries of EMME face a dual-burden. The risk factors for overweight in Libya include young age, living in the regions of Al-Akhdar or Alzaouia, boys, stunting and housing conditions. Breast feeding for more than six months decreases the risk of overweight. Risk factors for stunting in Libya include living in Al-Akhdar, boys, a low level of paternal education, poor psychosocial stimulation, drinking filtered water, poor garbage disposal, diarrhea and low birth weight. Older age of father and storing water in tanks were protective factors. The etiologic fraction of stunting in obesity at the population level in EMME extends from 7. 49 % to 69. 76 %. The etiologic fraction among those who have stunting is higher rural areas (80. 27 %) and in children older than four years (81. 24 %) in Libya. With the current modes of treatment for obesity in children, only 1/10 will return to normal weight, but a decrease in BMI/A z-score by 0. 5, which has a significant effect on the atherogenic profile and the insulin sensitivity, is possible in more than 2/5 of patients. Most of children seek treatment late (>5 years). Factors associated with poor and/or failure to respond to treatment include age <4 or >11 years at the beginning of management, prolonged duration of obesity, maternal obesity, previous participation in a management program, a high level of glycaemia and abdominal obesity. Stunting and overweight are public health problem in EMME. Risk factors for the higher rates in certain sub-regions need more studies. The results highlight the importance of combining efforts in national programs for overcoming under and overnutrition and the importance of civil engineering, early life factors as home conditions and complementary feeding practices. Interventions should start during the antenatal period. The results emphasize the importance of abdominal fat mass in the validity of the BMI to predict body fat mass and in the failure of management. The relation of this type of obesity with stunting and with high risk of metabolic syndrome as well as its transmission from one to another generation underline the importance of morbidity and mortality due to malnutrition. This gives more arguments for programs as the IYCF and the «life-cycle» concept. Interventions have to be at different levels and must be objectively estimated
La nutrition est un déterminant essentiel du bien-être physique, mental, social et spirituel de l’enfant. La malnutrition se réfère aux états de carence, excès ou déséquilibres. L'indice de masse corporelle (IMC) est une mesure approximative de la masse grasse corporelle. L'application d’une formule validée d’IMC sur une population particulière produit une estimation biaisée quand on l’applique sur d'autres ethnies. Un résultat positif de programmes de la prise en charge des enfants obèses est accompagné par l’amélioration des risques associés comme le syndrome métabolique et la résistance à l'insuline. Des composants spécifiques d'un programme peuvent varier d'un endroit à l'autre. Malgré son importance, il y a peu d’études et aucun programme global national ou régional sur l'obésité de l’enfant dans la région de la méditerranée orientale (EMME). L'objectif des travaux présentés est d'évaluer la prévalence de problèmes nutritionnels chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans dans certain pays de la région, d'explorer l'association entre les problèmes nutritionnels les plus fréquents, de déterminer leurs facteurs de risque, d’examiner la validité de l'utilisation d’IMC comme une mesure de masse grasse chez des enfants issus d’une population multiethnique, et d’évaluer l'efficacité de la prise en charge de l'obésité de l'enfant dans un centre de référence en France. Les données de 6 enquêtes (PAPChild, PAPFAM, MICS) transversales nationalement représentatives de plus de 30000 enfants dans 5 pays (Libye, Syrie, Maroc, Djibouti, et Yémen) de la région d’EMME sont utilisées, ainsi que des données hospitalières de 1114 enfants obeses suivis dans une clinique spécialisée en France. La Libye a une prévalence faible d'insuffisance pondérale, de maigreur et de Retard de Croissance Staturale (RCS), et une prévalence élevée de surpoids. Dans l'ensemble de la population, les courbes de z-score de P/T et d’IMC/A sont déplacées à droite, tandis que la courbe de z-score de T/A est déplacée à gauche. D'autres pays dans l’EMME ont montré aussi des taux importants tant de RCS (18. 5% en Libye - 57. 6% en Yémen) que de surpoids (8. 9 % au Yémen - 20. 2 % en Syrie). Certaines régions dans ce pays avaient des taux plus élevés d'obésité (Halab et Al-Raka en Syrie, 31. 5 et 47. 8% respectivement). Les pays d’EMME connaissent un double fardeau. Les facteurs de risque pour le surpoids en Libye incluent le jeune âge, la vie dans les régions d'Al-Akhdar ou Alzaouia, le sexe masculin, le RCS et une mauvaise qualité de logement. L'allaitement au sein pendant plus de six mois diminue le risque de surpoids
Les facteurs de risque de RCS en Libye prédominent chez les résidants d'Al-Akhdar, de sexe masculin, d’un niveau bas d'éducation des pères, d’une stimulation psychosociale pauvre, avec une consommation d‘eau filtré, une mauvaise élimination des déchets, de la diarrhée et un faible poids de naissance. Les facteurs protecteurs étaient l’âge avancé des pères et le stockage de l'eau dans des réservoirs. La fraction étiologique de RCS dans l’obésité pour les populations d’EMME s'étend de 7. 49% à 69. 76%. La fraction étiologique la plus élevée chez les enfants ayant un RCS était retrouvée dans les secteurs ruraux (80. 27%) et chez les enfants âgés de plus de quatre ans (81. 24%) en Libye. Avec les modes actuels de prise en charge seulement 1/10 rejoindront un poids normal, mais on peut s'attendre à une baisse de 0. 5 de z-score d’IMC/A chez 2/5 des enfants obèses, ce qui a un effet significatif sur le profil athérogénique et la sensibilité d'insuline. La plupart des enfants viennent consulter tardivement (≥5 ans). Facteurs associé avec une faible réponse et/ou échec de la prise en charge incluent l'âge de début de prise en charge <4 ans ou ≥11 ans, la durée prolongée de l'obésité, l'obésité maternelle, la participation précédente à un programme de prise en charge de l'obésité, un taux élevé de glycémie et l'obésité abdominale. Le RCS et l’obésité sont des problèmes de santé publique dans EMME. Les facteurs de risque conduisant aux taux plus élevés de RCS et surpoids dans certaines sousdes travaux font ressortir l'importance de combiner des efforts simultanés dans les programmes nationaux de sous- et suralimentation, et l'importance des facteurs précoces de la vie, comme les conditions familiales, l’aménagement urbain’ la pratique de l’allaitement et de la diversification de l’alimentation. Les programmes devraient commencer pendant la période prénatale. Les travaux mettent l’accent sur l'importance de la masse grasse abdominale dans la validité de l’IMC comme mesure prédictive de masse grasse corporelle et dans l’échec de la prise en charge. La liaison de ce type d’obésité avec le RCS et le risque élevé de syndrome métabolique ainsi que sa transmission d'une génération à l'autre soulignent le poids important de la morbidité due à la malnutrition et donne plus d’arguments aux programmes comme l’IYCF et le « life cycle » concept. Les interventions doivent être effectuées à de multiples niveaux et être évaluées objectivement
Torres, Escamez José. "Analyse détaillée du transfert de sédiment du continent vers le bassin : le quaternaire terminal au large du delta du Rhône (Méditerranée nord-occidentale)." Brest, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BRES2028.
Full textSauvage, Caroline. "Les routes maritimes en Mediterranée orientale au Bronze récent." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/sauvage_c.
Full textMaritime Trade Routes in Eastern Mediterranean in the Late Bronze Age , discussed since a long time, cannot be studied by their own. Until now, studies on exchanges and maritime routes were mainly focused on commercial evidences: importation and exportations goods with its diffusion were identified. However, those different data were not interpreted as a whole. This statement and the different interpretation of ancient trade given by many scholars, incited us to re-examine sources available for the eastern Mediterranean (texts, coastal sites, shipwreck, etc. ). We propose, in this work, a new approach based on the maritime trade routes determining factors; on a large geographical scale as well as on different discipline such as geomorphology, economic history, law and social history. Determining factors for maritime routes are environmental, political, technological and social. This work examines the various trade centers around the Eastern Mediterranean and their relationship with the landscape. It discusses the means of transportation and the different types of boats known by textual and archeological evidence. We also study the social background of trade: sailors, commanders and traders. Finally, we interpret, by cross-referencing archaeological data on international trade (texts, artifacts, etc. ) and social history on trade, the maritime trade routes in the Late Bronze Age
Thomas, Bruno. "Marges continentales sardes : géologie, géodynamique." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066307.
Full textArraes-Mescoff, Roseana. "Etude du comportement des particules dans la colonne d'eau méditerranéenne avec l'utilisation des traceurs géochimiques et la modélisation : application au site DYFAMED." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30130.
Full textTahchi, Elias. "Le bassin Levantin et l'Arc de Chypre : processus sédimentaires et structuraux le long d'une frontière de plaque sous-marine." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0818.
Full textThe convergence of Eurasian and African plates started since the Cretaceous by a succession of subduction and pre-collision zones that witness a closure process of the Mediterranean. The Cyprus Arc is the easternmost segment of this Mediterranean convergence system which got complicated with the westward extrusion of the Anatolian microplate. This movement generates in the Eastern Mediterranean and in particularly along the Cyprus Arc a complex tectonic regime. During the research cruise BLAC in 2003 onboard the R/V Le Suroît, 20. 000 sq Km of seafloor has been mapped including the easternmost segment of Cyprus Arc and going from Hecataeus Seamount till the Syrian margins. The following data have been acquired continuously and in a simultaneous way: Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter imagery with the multibeam echousounder EM300, 6-traces seismic reflection, subbottom sediment echousounder (CHIRP), gravity and magnetic data. This manuscript gives structural and morphological analysis of the easternmost segment of the Cyprus Arc as well as a detailed study of gravity induced instabilities on the Syrian margin and the different mud and salt activities in the adjacent basins of the Cyprus Arc
Ritt, Bénédicte. "Écologie de la faune associée aux émissions de fluides froids de Méditerranée orientale profonde." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2020.
Full textThe major objectives of this thesis were to study the structure, functioning and dynamics of different faunal assemblages associated with cold seep ecosystems in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. We focused our study on three main sites: the Marmara Sea, the Mediterranean ridge and the Nile deep sea fan. This thesis aims at determining the environmental signature of Mediterranean sites and the characteristics of the associated fauna at European and global scales. The specific objectives were to (1) determine the composition, diversity, density, biomass of invertebrate assemblages, (2) characterize biogeochemical conditions within different microhabitats in the vicinity of organisms, (3) to define the trophic relationships amongst seep fauna using stable isotope analyses (collaboration) and lastly, (4) to compare the spatial distribution and assemblage characteristics at different spatial scales (local, structure-scale, regional). The results show that (1) the Napoli mud volcano is the richest structure in terms of numbers of taxa while the Nile deep-sea fan sites need additional sampling, (2) a high variability is observed both between the different microhabitats but also within a single microhabitat, (3) the methane and oxygen gradients as well as substratum type are the main structuring factors explaining the distribution of the fauna and (4) the characteristics of the microhabitats, rather than the study area, influence the structure of benthic communities associated with Mediterranean cold seeps
Miralles, Jérôme. "Etude couplée des radionucléides isotopes stables du plomb en Méditerranée occidentale." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30008.
Full textThe aim of this work is to identified an environmental deposit able to have stored the atmospheric signal over large time-scale leaning our investigations on lead stable isotopes (206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb) and radionuclide (210Pb, 137Cs, 239Pu, 240Pu) analysis. Owing to prior studies on anthropogenic lead sources, emission intensity and sedimentary accumulation, we choose to investigate the marine sediments of the Western Mediterranean. In the Gulf of Lions, the sedimentary accumulation is 101±17 [micro]g. Cm-2 high in good agreement with the atmospheric inventory estimate we made from saltmarshes of Camargue (105±11 g. Cm-2). The reconstructed lead accumulation through a modelling step coupling 210Pb and stable isotopes corroborates the regional anthropogenic emissions (Ferrand, 1996). Briefly, in this context of the marine sediments are a relevant proxy to study past lead atmospheric concentration over the last hundred years. In the Alboran Sea, the study area is less constrained and more complex in terms of climatic meteorological and hydrological conditions. The sedimentary inventory is of 153±47 [micro]g. Cm-2, 1,5 higher than in the margin sediments of the Gulf of Lions. The analysis of aerosols, sediments and settling particles evidences a continuity between the atmospheric signal and the sedimentary record. In spite of this encouraging results, the knowledge of the Alboran system is still too restricted in order to unambiguously conclude on accuracy of deep marine sediments of this area to study past atmospheric fallouts
Ménard, Thierry. "Etude phytosociologique et écologique des peuplements lichéniques saxicoles calcifuges du sud-est de la France." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30088.
Full textAçaf, Laury. "Ecology of benthic and planktonic dinoflagellates of Eastern Mediterranean Sea : a focus on Ostreopsis and Ceratium genus along the Lebanese coast." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS263.
Full textDinoflagellates are a major component of marine phytoplankton and microphytobenthos. This thesis focused mainly on their development of harmful algal blooms (benthic model genus Ostreopsis), and secondly on their use as bio-indicators of environmental changes (planktonic model genus Ceratium) in Lebanese waters. Chapter I introduced dinoflagellates with a focus on the two model genera, and presented the aims of the thesis. Chapter II contributed to the identification of the most suitable strategies for monitoring Ostreopsis blooms, after optimization of common methodologies used for sampling, processing and counting of field samples. It also described the validation of innovative methods for the automated count of Ostreopsis: a molecular assay based on RT-qPCR and an opto-electronic device implementing automatic recognition algorithms. Chapter III studied the ecology of Ostreopsis fattorussoi, a toxic species described in Lebanese coastal waters in 2016. It revealed seasonality in its blooms developments, with a summer bloom followed by a less intense autumn bloom. Bloom dynamics were influenced by several environmental parameters, particularly water temperature. Chapter IV focused on ecological physiology of Ostreopsis cf. ovata and O. fattorussoi. It characterized their N-uptake abilities and toxin profiles and discussed the potential ecological considerations of their variability. Chapter V documented changes in Ceratium population over six annual cycles in Lebanese waters, in order to reveal whether the genus was an adequate bio-indicator of environmental changes in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Finally, Chapter VI was devoted to the general discussion and perspectives
Aloïsi, Jean-Claude. "Sur un modèle de sédimentation deltaique : contribution à la connaissance des marges passives." Perpignan, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PERP0001.
Full textSansoucy, Mylène. "Analyse de la stabilité des flancs d'un canyon sous-marin, le canyon du Cap de Creus, mer méditerranée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25455/25455.pdf.
Full textVitard, Clément. "Investigation sismique du domaine avant-arc Égéen du segment Sud-Ouest de la zone de subduction Hellénique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4116/document.
Full textThe Hellenic subduction zone, in the eastern part of the Mediterranean sea, is characterized by the highest rate of current seismicity in Europe. In the southwestern segment, several earthquakes of large magnitude (Mw 7,5-8) occured a the turn of the 19th to 20th century. This segment of 400 km long, has also been the nucleation site of the largest historical earthquake in Europe, named the 365 AD earthquake, with a magnitude of Mw 8. This event generates a devastating tsunami, which spread along the Adriactic Sea and in the Nile Delta region. Two main models differ about the interplate seismic coupling question in this region, from a total seismic coupling at the interplate, at the opposite assumption of a very weak seismic coupling. However, these opposing models consider an approximate geometry, mostly because of the lack of information available on the geometry and the localization of the interplate in this region of the forearc domain. The localization of the fault responsible of the 365 AD event is also debated, because, there is no available data who provides imagery of the interfaces potentially responsible of this devastating earthquake. The megathrust fault and the forearc domain of the southwestern segment of the Hellenic subduction zone has been the target of the Ulysse marine survey in November 2012. The aim of this survey was to provide information of the structural geometry of the main units in this part of the subduction zone, and to bring information on the recent tectonic activity in this region
Fischer-Genz, Bettina. "Le rôle économique des sanctuaires à Chypre et en Méditerranée Orientale au 2er millénaire av. J. -C. : analyse de l'apport de l'archéologie à la reconstruction de systèmes socio-économiques régionaux." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10042.
Full textGiagkákī, Anastasía. "La céramique proto-byzantine d'Eleutherna : sa place en Crète et dans le bassin égéen." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010616.
Full textManla, al Dakhil Badreddin. "Etude morphostructurale et évaluation des risques naturels le long du littoral et de la marge continentale de Syrie." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0927.
Full textThe Syrian margin located in a particular geodynamic context is subject to tectonic regimes since the late Tertiary, resulted in modelling the littoral and coastal fringe from Banyas to beyond Lattaquié. This so-called passive margin is subject to a complex tectonic regime related to the proximity of major tectonic structures. It is an extension terrestrial of arc submarine Cyprus and the Levant continental faults and East-Anatolian active borders. This situation supports the risk of disturbances of the geological substratum and its recent sedimentary cover including a more or less marked seismicity the original disturbance geomorphic shore and instabilities in the marine part of the Syrian coast. The geomorphological and neotectonic studies undertaken along the Syrian margin and part of the continental shelf aims to evaluate the natural hazards that can affect the coastal strip, including the seismic risk, recent and present deformations and the possible impacts of tsunami. The observations (morphology, microtectonic, hydrology, slopes, landslides etc…) on the recent formations (Quaternary and Present) showed the essential role of the Mesozoïc series and of the Tertiary and Quaternary sets on the morphostructural evolution of this area. On the basis of field observations, study data from SPOT imagery, topographic, bathymetric data and seismic records, several documents have been produced allowing to assess natural hazards and areas likely to be affected. The strictly neotectonic observations showed that the recent deformations are relatively rare and if they exist, they are limited to the great fault zones. On the other hand, the area is subjected to significant uplift generating pronounced geomorphological forms. The analysis of historical seismicity shows a great disparity between the area of Banyas which has virtually no activity and that of Lattaquié which is a relatively unstable zone in direct contact with the major fault zones which represent active plate boundaries. The narrow coastal area of the Banyas region, where is concentrated economic activity, is potentially subject to significant risk, in a context where many submarine earthquakes, can generate tsunamis with significant consequences. This risk also exists around Lattaquié which is under the direct threat of a catastrophic earthquake associated with the passage of a major tectonic zone and may be reactivated
Amine, Helmieh. "Évaluation de l'exposition liée à la présence de contaminants organiques dans les zones de transition en Méditerranée." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13521.
Full textMany organic pollutants issued from different sources are present into freshwater and coastal waters. Since these lipophilic contaminants are present at trace levels in water, accumulator compartments such as sediments can be used to assess their concentration in aquatic systems. The objective of the thesis was to assess the exposure in coastal areas to the various families of organic contaminants namely "emerging pollutants" including UV filters, alkylphenols, alkylphenol polyethoxylates, and "persistent pollutants" including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments and water. A major research effort has been given to the investigation spatial and temporal dynamics of the selected pollutants in sediment, allowing the acquisition of a first set of national data (Lebanese).Three rivers and their coastal environment in the eastern Mediterranean have been taken as a case study in addition to the small coastal city that was selected to complete the study in the coastal environment. A first overview of the levels of these hydrophobic contaminants in coastal areas receiving typical eastern Mediterranean inputs is thus provided. The results of chemical analyzes have clearly shown the impact of discharges of untreated effluents into coastal areas via inputs from rivers and direct discharges along the coast, without recreational activities (for UV filters) and industrial effluents discharges (for alkylphenols and alkylphenol polyethoxylates). Transition zones may act like a source of contamination of the three rivers coastal environment in the absence of marine inputs. Elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls were measured in sediments in coastal environments. This contamination has persisted for years after the oil spill that has invaded the Mediterranean coast in 2006. Our overall results indicate that concentrations in sediments of the three studied rivers and the coastline can be classified among the highest levels detected in the Mediterranean basin and may induce toxic effects in aquatic biota.This work may be of paramount importance for the East-Mediterranean region, and particularly for Lebanon, a country which, despite being a signatory to the Barcelona Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea and is, subsequently involved in monitoring the quality of its marine environment, suffers far different types of discharges of untreated effluent along its coast in the absence of wastewater treatment plants
Ouba, Anthony. "Variabilité saisonnière et interannuelle (2000-2013) de l'abondance, de la biomasse et du spectre de taille du zooplancton dans le bassin Levantin." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066545/document.
Full textThe occurring of the cyclic Eastern Mediterranean Transient and the climatic change have effects on the Levantine marine ecosystem. Understanding the response of zooplankton to such variations is of importance for ecosystem services. This thesis represents a pioneer study in enlightening the seasonality and the interannuality, as well as the spectra size of the zooplankton at a fix point B2 (N34º14.856; E35º36.067, North Lebanon). In this context, a 14 years unique time-series was conducted by a 52 µm mesh size net and analyzed with a powerful synthetic index, the Zooscan to monitor changes in the pelagic system. The results found that the maximum zooplankton biomass was coupled to the phytoplankton spring bloom, whereas abundances increased in the summer possibly due to the recruitment. Following the EMT-like in 2005, the salinity increased in the study area and the whole basin. Zooplankton abundance and biomass increased abruptly possibly related to the enhanced primary production which is hidden by the "top down" control by zooplankton. Moreover, the nutrients enrichment of anthropogenic origin at the sea surface characterized the site by more or less productive occasional periods. The zooplankton size structure has also changed along the period depending on the hydrological factors. The spectral slope analysis showed an interannual variability according to the abundances. While the spectra shape analysis displayed a domination of big size individuals during winter and spring seasons. This automatic measurement highlighted the efficiency of detecting changes in zooplankton that can be related to broader ecosystem perturbation
Perrier, Amandine. "Le commerce maritime grec en Méditerranée orientale et en mer Noire aux Vème et IVème s. av. J.-C." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3024.
Full textIn this present thesis concerning Greek Archaeology, I undertook to work on the organization of Greek maritime commerce in Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea during the 5th and 4th century BC. I worked mostly on the trade's nature and intensity occurring in this part of the Mediteranean in this time. In order to carry out my work properly, I established a new catalog of greek shipwrecks, that I then confront with textual, epigraphic and archaeological sources. The careful study of the ship's cargo takes part in a better understanding of the commercial actors, trading network and above all of the importance of Athens at this time
Brunel, Cédric. "Évolution séculaire de l'avant côte de la méditerranée Française, impact de l'élévation du niveau de la mer et des tempêtes." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00511971.
Full textBarrat, Jean-Alix. "Génèse des magmas associés à l'ouverture d'un domaine océanique : géochimie des laves du Nord-Est de l'Afar (Mer Rouge-Afar) et d'Arabie." Rennes 1, 1991. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00594559.
Full textLelli, Stefano. "Contribution to a better knowledge of biology, distribution and diversity of demersal species along the Lebanese coast, eastern Mediterranean : a focus on Lessepsian fish species." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0051.
Full textThe aim of this study was to contribute to a better knowledge of demersal species in the Lebanese coastal waters, Eastern Mediterranean. Various aspect related to the distribution, diversity and biology of these species were studied. The data were collected from a three-year experimental survey in the framework of the ‘CIHEAM-PESCA Libano project’. A highly diversified mix of fish species (teleosteans and selaceans), cephalopods and crustaceans were sampled. Spatio-temporal distribution and diversity was evaluated respectively using the ‘Catch Per Unit Effort’ which was considered as an approximation of an abundance index and the total number of species caught in the surveys
Higueras, Marina. "Impact of eastern storm on the transfert of particulate organic matter in the Gulf of Lion (NW Mediterranean sea)." Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1240.
Full textRivers represent the primary pathway for particulate organic matter (POM) transport from continent to the continental shelf and are capable of discharging significant amounts of this organic matter during the occurrence of short but violent flash flood events, commonly associated with eastern storms. Terrestrial matter delivered by rivers during flash flood events is stored into continental shelf. Then, hydrodynamic conditions occurring at the shelf are capable of transferring this matter to the deep sea along submarine canyons. This study has allowed to simultaneously assess the variations of the quantity and origin of the POM in several rivers discharging into the NW Mediterranean Sea during a flash flood event, in the settling particles of two sediment traps deployed into the southern flank of the Cap de Creus canyon; and in the surficial sediments along 4 transects perpendicular to the continental shelf during March 2011. The obtained results will help us to understand land-sea exchanges
Chazot, Gilles. "Evolution géochimique du magmatisme cénozoïque au Yemen : interactions entre le rift mer Rouge - Aden et le point chaud Afar." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10005.
Full textDubois-Dauphin, Quentin. "Restitution de l’hydrologie de l’Atlantique Nord-Est et de la Méditerranée occidentale depuis la dernière période glaciaire à partir de la composition isotopique du néodyme mesurée dans l’eau de mer et les coraux d’eau froide." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS114/document.
Full text: The purpose of this thesis is to constrain the hydrology of the North-East Atlantic and western Mediterranean Sea since the last glacial period from neodymium isotopic composition (εNd) measured on seawater, cold water corals and foraminifera. In particular, hydrological changes of intermediate water masses (LIW, AAIW, MSW, mid-subtropical and subpolar gyre water) have been studied as their role on salt budget in North Atlantic and ultimately on AMOC are currently poorly constrained. This work has been conducted at times of major and abrupt hydrological changes that occurred during rapid climatic variations of the last glacial period (Heinrich and Dansgaard-Oeschger events) and during the last sapropel deposit (S1) in eastern Mediterranean Sea. In a first step, we have improved the spatial distribution of water masses εNd values in North-east Atlantic and Alboran Sea, what is an absolute prerequisite in order to track past hydrological changes in these areas with εNd proxy. Next, we have highlighted a major change of the western Mediterranean circulation pattern during the sapropel S1 deposit, which is marked south of Sardinia by a strong reduction of eastern-sourced water masses (LIW) in favor of western-sourced water masses (WIW). This hydrological change as well as those occurring in Mediterranean Sea since the last glacial period was not associated with strong modifications of εNd values in Alboran and Balearic Sea, suggesting a stability of Nd isotopic signature of MOW over the time. This has highlighted, from an εNd record obtained on cold water corals in the Gulf of Cadiz, an enhanced contribution of more radiogenic AAIW and therefore a stronger northward penetration in North Atlantic at times of reduced AMOC linked to iceberg discharges from Northern Hemisphere ice sheets
Pennel, Romain. "Influence de la bathymétrie sur les instabilités de courants côtiers et la formation de tourbillons : de l'observation en Méditerranée orientale à la modélisation idéalisée." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00678412.
Full textMartin, Laure. "Structure et évolution récente de la Mer Egée : apports d'une étude par sismique réflexion." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066092.
Full textHenry, Françoise. "Étude du rôle du néodyme comme traceur de source et de processus dans l'océan." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30282.
Full textRouidi, Sonia. "Évaluation de la contamination par les hydrocarbures des sédiments superficiels (fluviaux et marins) de la région de Skikda (nord-est algérien). Analyses statistiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4321.
Full textThe present study treats with the contamination by hydrocarbons, with superficial sediments of various stations repartee on two sites : the bay of Skikda (situated in the Mediterranean Sea) and the Saf-Saf oued (in its part downstream) with flows into this bay.This contamiation was studied by point of view geographical distribution, origin and nature of hydrocarbons extracts. The contents in found hydrocarbons are slightly more raised in the Saf-Saf oued (278 mg.kg-1sed. dry), that in the site sea (200 mg.kg-1 sed. dry). Compared with other studies made in the Mediterranean Sea, our results testify of an average level of contamination. The identification of the main origins of hydrocarbons presents in sediments of both sites, was made by using several indications relative to hydrocarbons saturated and in aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons. The values of these indications allowd to highlight several origins for hydrocarbons as well in the Saf-Saf oued, as in Skikda bay (originate biogenic natural terristerial and/or marine, originate natural or oil pyrolytic and oil origins). A statistical study made the object of a second part of this work, by means of series of analysisesand of one-various tests (ANOVA, Tukey and Dunnett applied to periods, then to the stations for each of 5 characteristics), two-various (study of the correlations) and several-various (MANOVA, ACP and hierarchical analysis). These tests were applied to the data of both sites of studies and allowed to confirm the results obtained in the first part of the work
Georgikopoulos, Ioannis. "Géopolitique du Dodécanèse." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H016.
Full textThe Dodecanese, this archipelago in the south-eastern Aegean Sea, constitutes an important geopolitical and historical crossroads. Nowadays, it is once again, in the middle of serious geopolitical, geostrategic, and geo-economic tensions because of the gas field exploitation perspectives in the Eastern Mediterranean and the ongoing geopolitical decomposition of the region (Syria crisis, migration flows, strategic and economic rapprochement between Cyprus and Israel etc.). ln addition, the archipelago's population preserves -far more than the rest of the Greek territory- the memory of Ottoman cultural diversity (Orthodox, Catholic, Muslim and Jewish populations). Its landscape has also been shaped by the interaction between multiple foreign presences and influences (to limit ourselves to the 20th century: Ottoman, Italian, British, and Greek). It is worth reminding that during the Second World War, the Dodecanese was one of the main Italian Navy bases. The articulation between regional geo-historic orientations (crossroads situation) and the Eastern Mediterranean shifting framework constitutes the main intercultural challenge of this PhD thesis. Furthermore, this research is an opportunity to analyze the relationship between identity building and exposure to circulation processes, in order to assess the potentialities of Dodecanesian identity in the emergent multipolar context of Globalization
Payo, Payo Marta. "Modélisation du transport sédimentaire et des interactions morphodynamiques par les courants de turbidité dans les canyons sous-marins. Application à la Méditerranée Occidentale." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0117/document.
Full textTurbidity currents in submarine canyons are the main contribution for sediment transfer across the continental margins. Geological studies of submarine canyons and associated turbiditic systems for more than 30 years led to an extraordinary breakthrough in the understanding of how turbidite systems evolve. However, these studies remain limited to a posteriori interpretations, based on the distribution of deposits and morphological evidences. The overarching aim of this thesis is to apply a 2DH process-based model to simulate large-scale turbidity currents on two different submarine canyons in the western Mediterranean coast.The work in La Fonera canyon, in the Catalan margin, focuses on the modelling of sediment transport and accumulation resulting from trawling activities on the canyon flanks. The numerical process-based provides a 3D visualization of potential trawling impacts on sediment dynamics. The study represents a starting point for the assessment of the sedimentary impact of bottom trawling in deep continental margins. The present work can help in the identification of trawling areas with lesser impacts. The Var Sedimentary System, located in the vicinity of Nice (France), is connected to the Var River during both low and high-stands and it can be considered as a natural laboratory for the study of the climatic control on the turbiditic activity. The influence of Coriolis forces on the spatial evolution of the hyperpycnal flows and hence in the construction of the Var Sedimentary Ridge (VSR) is evidenced and supported for the first time.The major drawback is the limited amount of information for the necessary initial and boundary conditions; hence modelling results might not be of predictive quality. However, modelling results provide a full-scale vision of the system allowing the identification of sediment pathways and deposition areas on the basis of physical processes and enlarge the present knowledge of the canyons studied. The results obtained may help in the identification of strategic mooring and coring sites to further advance the state of our knowledge on sediment dynamics of the different cases studies
El, sayed Mohamed. "L’archéologie sous-marine en Egypte. Rappel critique de son histoire et propositions pour une politique de gestion des vestiges immergés en Egypte, à la lumière des autres expériences en Méditerranée." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20120.
Full textBeside this short history of underwater archeology in Egypt which is described in this work, similar experiences in the Mediterranean are much older, they go back to the fifteenth century with the discovery of a wreck from the first century AD, in Lake Nemi, later, the recovery of some objects from the ancient wreck of Anticythère in 1901 by the Greek fishermen of sponge, and the discovery in 1907 of the Roman wreck of Mahdia in Tunisia, are remarkable in the field of underwater archeology. But the underwater archeology has developed with the invention of the aqualung by the French Jacques-Yves Cousteau and the engineer Emile Gagnan. This invention caused a revolution in the field of underwater activities in 1942-1943. Then the underwater discoveries in the Mediterranean were succeeded and increased for more than a half century, and many countries around the world decided the establishment of an archaeological service specifically dedicated to underwater activities. This study focusses on management policy of underwater archaeology in Egypt, in the light of other experiences in the Mediterranean, in order to draw attention to the importance of the Egyptian underwater archaeology through a study in details of the activities of the Supreme council of Antiquities in Egypt and of the different foreign missions working in Egypt and to propose an effective protection policy of underwater cultural heritage in Egypt, also to develop the tourism of underwater archaeology, and to transform these vestiges in an economic vector, while ensuring an adequate protection by specific legislation that does not exist yet in Egypt
Mary, Flore. "Typologie, architecture et origine des structures d'émission de fluides et leurs interactions avec les processus sédimentaires et tectoniques. Exemple de la Méditerranée Orientale." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS031/document.
Full textSince the early 80s, technological advances of seabed imagery and exploration of continental margins allowed to discover and study numerous seabed features recording fluid circulation within the sediment column.In this study of mud volcanoes, we propose an innovative method of analysis combining an automated statistical approach including detection and analysis of morphometric parameters together with a classical geological study. We used broad homogenous academic and industrial marine geophysical and geological dataset, at the scale of Eastern Mediterranean sea.The analysis of these parameters shows that the mechanism of formation of the mud volcanoes is directly related to a local or regional constrain that may have a tectonic or gravitational origin.Various geological parameters conditioning the size and shape of mud volcanoes have been studied and lead to propose an original model for the formation of mud volcanoes. The design of this model, which is intended to be generic, makes it possible to group the constituent parameters of a mud volcano system in three spatial stages, from the source layer to the superficial expression
Unterseh, Stephan. "Cartographie et caractérisation du fond marin par sondeur multifaisceaux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL081N.
Full textLteif, Myriam. "Biology, distribution and diversity of cartilaginous fish species along the Lebanese coast, eastern Mediterranean." Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0026/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to contribute to a better knowledge of cartilaginous fish in the Lebanese coastal waters, Eastern Mediterranean. Emphasis was placed on various aspects of the distribution, diversity, biology and ecology of these species. In this study, a total of 314 specimens of cartilaginous fish were sampled. These specimens constituted of 25 cartilaginousfish species, 11 shark species and 14 batoid species. No chimaeras were recorded. The data was collected from two sources: (a) an experimental survey in the framework of the CIHEAM PESCA-Libano project and (b) periodic observation of fisheries and catches of hired fishermen. Spatiotemporal distribution was evaluated using the Catch Per Unit Effort of the experimental survey data. Spatiotemporal diversity was also estimated taking into account the total number of species caught in the survey and fisheries/fishermen data. Length-weight relationships for three sharks and five batoids were also presented for species of the combined data sources having more than 10 individuals. Finally, the biology and ecology of two commercially significant and exploited species were also presented as a first step in their fishery management andconservation
Merhaby, Dima. "Caractérisation de la pollution organique et inorganique dans les sédiments portuaires du Liban." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10144/document.
Full textLebanon coastal zone (LCZ) which extends over 220 km along the Eastern Mediterranean Sea is a typical case of most coastal areas of the developing countries in the Mediterranean region, where the combination of a wide range of anthropogenic activities are contributing to water pollution and environmental degradation, by the direct and indirect release of a large number of pollutants into the sea via atmospheric and river inputs. Amongst the numerous environmental concerns we are facing, the marine environment is one of the top priorities that must be addressed. Due to its ecological importance, the evaluation of coastal sediment quality constitutes an important area of research to give a clear picture of water pollution status. Much attention was paid of some priority pollutants such as persistent organic pollutant (POPs) and heavy metals as known to be toxic, persistent and bio-accumulative, carcinogenic and mutagenic. There is an urgent need to survey the levels of these pollutants in sediments due to the great lack of information in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea in general and particularly in Lebanese coastal zone which render our study very important and useful regionally and locally by local authority and policy makers during coastal zone management. The semi-enclosed basins such as ports and bays are very vulnerable ecosystem where build-up greatly amount of these pollutants in sediments. This why we focus on our studies of the assessment of ports sediment quality of some possible hotspots where the re-suspension and oxidation of anoxic sediment occur frequently. A special attention was taken to Tripoli harbour which is the second Port of Lebanon due to its location near some reserved island. The pollution levels of LCZ by these pollutants are assigned as moderate to high. An emergency proposal plan was prepared for Tripoli Harbour, this will assists harbour authority to response for all fire and oil spill accidents as a first step for a durable development inside this promising harbor
Rachik, Sara. "Diversité et structure spatio-temporelle des communautés protistes dans deux systèmes côtiers aux conditions trophiques contrastées : cas de la Manche Orientale et la Méditerranée Occidentale." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0476/document.
Full textIn marine ecosystems, protists play an important role as primary producers, predators or symbionts. Therefore studying their diversity and metabolic activity is fundamental for understanding the functioning of marine ecosystems. In order to achieve this goal, molecular approaches were coupled with microscopy analysis for an in depth examination of microbial communities diversity in two contrasting ecosystems (Eastern English Channel EEC and Mediterranean). The first study, conducted in the EEC, allowed to establish a precise overview of eukaryotic protists diversity over 4 years (from March 2011 to July 2015) and to examine the influence of environmental variables on their temporal distribution. The innovative approach used during this study was to sequence simultaneously rRNA and rDNA. This double targeting allowed calculating the rRNA : rDNA ratio and demonstrate that it could be an useful and significant parameter for measuring the relative cellular activity of the microbial community. We also showed the feasibility of using this rRNA : rDNA ratio as an indicator of ecological transitions of iconic microbial species (e.g. bloom of Phaeocystis globosa). Thus, calculation of this ratio for each individual OTU provided additional information that are essential for a better understanding of the functioning of the ecosystem and the influence of biotic parameters on the structuring of microbial communities, in particular in the context of global change. The second study was also conducted in the EEC on sequencing data obtained during the period 2011-2013. It aimed to highlight the relationships between eukaryotic parasites and other taxa as well as environmental parameters. This study revealed un unsuspected diversity of symbionts / decomposers in the EEC, and their importance for structuring microbial community and influence seasonal succession. More specifically, correlation network analysis showed the predominance of inter-taxa relations, over those between OTUs and abiotic parameters, and the central position of symbionts / decomposers in these relationships. This study highlighted the complexity and importance of microbial inteactions in the structuring of microbial communities while providing crucial information to better understand underlying lechanisms. The last study was conducted in the Western Mediterranean , at four stations located in the Golfe du Lion, subject to the influence of the Rhône River, over a period of two years. This study aimed to provide the most exhaustive list of eukaryotic protist diversity and to evaluate its spatial variability in relation with environmental variables. This study further underlined the effect of the Rh^ne on the structuring of microbial communities, particularly in the eastern part of the Golfe du Lion. Overall, thesis workhas reinforced, through combined aproaches of microscopy and molecular biology, our knowledge of the functioning, taxonomic diversity and succession of microbial species, in relation to environmental parameters, of two contrasted marine ecosystems
Kniestedt, Anika. "Conflits et échanges au Proche-Orient des XIIe et XIIIe siècles : Acre, Alexandrie - étude comparée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3050.
Full textThis thesis offers a comparative study of Acre and Alexandria during the 12th and 13th centuries. The comparison draws on the similarities and differences between both cities. However, particular focus is given to some specific aspects in their history, especially through a study of the main players in conflicts and forms of exchange, and the impact and consequences of these on both cities as well as on the Eastern Mediterrranean. During the Latin domination of the Holy Land, Acre and Alexandria initially seem very different from one another because they were part of two distinct societies at this time. Acre was governed by a foreign elite. The town’s quarters evolved with the conflicts which opposed the different western factions inside the city, as well as the privileges that these groups received from the King of Jerusalem. Alexandria, on the other hand, remained an oriental city on which the Crusades had very little impact. This comparative study offers a broader view of their history, showing other differences between them as well as similarities in their historical development. The sources available for this research show important topographic development in Acre and Alexandria during the 13th century. They also contain information about the institutions allotted to support the local elites as well as on the evolving role of Acre and Alexandria within different networks and areas (the Mediterranean, nearby port cities, the immediate hinterland, trade and pilgrimage routes) in periods of political change, military conquests, but also of technical progress
Bulois, Cédric. "Marges polyriftées : réactivations et conditions aux limites. Exemples de la Mer de Corail (Papouasie Nouvelle Guinée) et du Bassin de Porcupine (Irlande)." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0106.
Full textThis study documents the succession of rifting phases that evolve along continental margins of longstanding history. This type of evolution, well admitted in the literature, remains poorly understood in terms of geological processes. Herein, the way rifts evolve through is specifically studied to highlight the fault reactivation processes and the formation of associated geological elements during the evolution of extensional basins. This study summarises some principal results of two research projects focussing on (1) the Porcupine Basin (offshore Ireland) that formed from the North-Atlantic rift propagation and (2) the Coral Sea region (Papua New Guinea) which the evolution within a supra-subduction context links to the convergence of the Pacific and Australian lithospheric plates. These two research projects specifically discuss the sedimentary record and the faulting evolution from seismic data correlated to wells, magnetism and gravimetry.Both basins evolved from the Late Palaeozoic on sides of orogens since the Late Palaeozoic. It is demonstrated that extension initiated along old structures that were reactivated during a general orogenic collapse evidenced by migration of depocentres. Then, extension discontinuously developed during several rifting events that are usually internally pulsed. The first rift events are usually very narrow and discreet, and evolve in a continental domain. Deformation progressively passes to localized normal faulting implying that major bounding faults progressively accommodate the extension. As long as extension progresses, the influence of continental structures tend to decrease and the deformation evolves oceanward prior continental tear. Extension generally stops once boundary conditions change, resulting in oceanic crust that may propagate transversally (oceanic propagators).Along classical Atlantic-type margins (e.g. Porcupine Basin), this links to the propagation of the oceanic crust but internal crosscutting oceanic basins (e.g. Bay of Biscay) stop the deformation prior to seafloor spreading that form the overall oceanic crust.In supra-subduction zones (e.g. Coral Sea), it is rather related to a change in the dynamics of the subduction which may control the overall direction of the spreading propagation.Thus, extension migrates progressively away from the initial deformation core by reactivating pre-existing structures, whatever geodynamic conditions are but with a general decrease in the influence of old continental fabrics. Herein, it is proposed herein that a deformation phase expresses as an extensional megacycle during which graben, basins or rift settings develop successively and overprint the ones another. Each extensional megacycle may be defined sedimentologically and tectonically. Their overlap generally shows an oceanward migration which reactivates specific pre-existing structures. The initiation of extension and the evolution from a megacycle another is generally linked associated to a variation of the boundary conditions
Vladoiu, Anda Claudia. "Turbulence in the Western Mediterranean Sea." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS558.
Full textThe processes characterising turbulence in the Western Mediterranean Sea were identified and quantified using microstructure measurements. The focus was on the Sicily Channel, a hotspot for turbulent mixing and a key region for water mass transformations. It modulates the heat and salt transport from the Eastern to the Western Mediterranean Basins and exhibits a large range of dynamical regimes. Turbulence is driven by the strong shear associated to the flow of Levantine Intermediate Waters (LIW) which is constricted by the bathymetry, and by internal wave breaking of tidal origin. A strong contrast was observed between the two deep passages in the channel. The mixing efficiency variability was investigated in the context of mechanically driven turbulence over a wide spectrum of turbulence intensities. A finescale parameterisation for the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate was validated for weak to moderate turbulence intensity. The vertical turbulent diffusive fluxes computed from the measurements allowed an assessment of the water mass property changes incurred in the channel. The analysis was extended to all the stations sampled in the Western Mediterranean, where the relative impact of double diffusion and mechanical turbulence on heat, salt and buoyancy fluxes, as well as on the LIW, was investigated
Papadimitriou, Nikolaos. "Geodynamics and synchronous filling of a rift type-basin evolved through compression tectonics (The western margin of the Levant Basin)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066540/document.
Full textThe Eastern Mediterranean owes its complex nature to the movement of Africa, Arabia and Eurasia. The recent gas discoveries in the Levant Basin (2009) provoked the necessity of necessity of conducting a combined (seismic and field) study to better understand the geological evolution of the Basin. The combination of geophysical and field data allows the conceptualization of onshore and, offshore 3D models in order to characterize the tectonostratigraphic evolution of this area and eventually trace the main sources and pathways that contributed to the infilling of the Levant Basin. The evolution of the Levant Basin is marked by the transition from a pure carbonate system to a mix system (carbonate /siliciclastic) during the Cenozoic. The Eratosthenes block corresponds to a fault block platform. Four major seismic sequences, characterized by periods of aggradation, retrogradation and progradation, punctuated by major unconformities and drowning surfaces have been recognized on the Eratosthenes Seamount. These periods are: the Late Jurassic; the Early Cretaceous, the Late Cretaceous and the Miocene. The initiation of the collision during the Miocene between the African and Eurasian plates coincides with the uplift of the Eratosthenes Seamount with a peak during the upper Miocene (pre-Messinian Salinity Crisis) followed by its northward tilting under Cyprus thrusting. We show that the collision of the two plates caused the formation of small basins in southern part of Cyprus; a piggyback basin (Polis), and a flexural basin (Limassol) that were controlled by the different substratum of the Mesozoic sediments