Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Géologie Structurale'
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Chadi, Mohamed. "Géologie structurale des monts d'Ain m'lila (Algérie orientale)." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10027.
Full textYu, Zheng. "Reconnaissance automatique des formes appliquée à la géologie structurale." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4118.
Full textThibert, Boris. "Sur l'approximation géométrique d'une surface lisse : applications en géologie structurale." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10053.
Full textDebeuf, Delphine. "Étude de l'évolution volcano-structurale et magmatique de Mayotte, Archipel des Comores, océan Indien : approches structurale, pétrographique, géochimique et géochronologique." La Réunion, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646477/fr/.
Full textMulti-disciplinary approach in Mayotte island allow to identify two volcanic systems : the South volcano is composed of strong undersaturated lavas forming a continuous series of the post-erosional phase. The "Septentrional" volcano is made up of less undersaturated lavas - which can be induced by a stronger melting degree - which form the shield building phase and post-erosional phase. Strontium and Neodymium isotopic ratios and traces elements studies revel incoherence in the evolution of the volcano in the classic hot-spot model hypothesis (Hawaii). The multikilometer scale extension identified in the North of the island could induce melting by decompression during the lithosphere thinning and explain the strong melting degree of the recent lavas of the North-East. The last ones are characterised by isotopic signature of oceanic lithosphere
Souloumiac, Pauline. "Mécanismes 3D de ruine en géologie structurale : approches numérique et analogique." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453317.
Full textSauter, Daniel. "Utilisation du traitement d'images en géologie structurale : recherches méthodologiques et applications multiscalaires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13170.
Full textMiegebielle, Véronique. "Géologie structurale et télédétection. : Applications au bassin wealdien de Soria (Cordillères ibériques - Espagne)." Pau, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PAUU3023.
Full textBéché, Martin. "Architecture structurale de la ceinture de Gaspé (Canada): imagerie sismique intégrée et application à l'évaluation pétrolière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25979/25979.pdf.
Full textQirjaku, Kaleshi Edvina. "Analyse structurale de la sigmoïde albanaise par imagerie satellitaire et modèles numériques de terrain." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066392.
Full textPelletier, Anne. "Etude structurale et métamorphique du socle de Terre Adélie-George V Land (Est Antarctique) : un exemple de la transition Archéen/Paléoprotérozoïque." Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STET4015.
Full textThe syn-anatectic tectonic evolution in the paleoproterozoic unit of Terre Adélie, occured between 1. 79 and 1. 69 Ga. The multiple phases of deformation were coeval with a single thermal event (5=/-1kb-750+/-50°C) which led to juxtaposition of dome-shaped structure with a flat-lying to gently dipping composite foliation and vertical shear zones. . . [etc. ]
Blusson, Annick. "Étude structurale du faisceau de failles des Cévennes (France) à l'aide de données multiples : télédétection, terrain, géophysique." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112093.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to test and evaluate the contribution of different methods and diverse data types to a structural geology regional study. The test zone is the Cevennes fracture zone, an important structure of the South of France, which has already been studied tectonically. In order to apprehend the subject at different scales, diverses data types are used: field microtectonics measurements, aerial photographies, radar images (JPL), SpaceLab photographies, Landsat images (MSS, RBV, TM) and geophysical data. The contribution of each data type and of various data processes to fracturation recognition is evaluated. The superimposition of the images is realized. This allows us to compare directly data of various origins and geometries. The results show that each scale of work is important and that their contributions complementary. Some data processes, such as contour analysis and fracturation rose diagrams drawing, are developed, tested then applied to other data types (ex: Spacelab). Recent data (Spacelab, TM…) have a very good quality and their contribution could be improved in further studies. Geophysics only allows a large scale study in this region because the available data are imprecise and heterogeneous. The development of an automatic method of statistical study of fracturation gives us hope, in the near future, of the development of a semi-automatic work station allowing a quick realization o fracturation studies from various image types
Debeuf, Delphine. "Étude de l'évolution volcano-structurale et magmatique de Mayotte, Archipel des Comores, océan Indien : approches structurale, pétrographique, géochimique et géochronologique." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646477.
Full textDesrochers, Jean-Philippe. "Stratigraphie et géologie structurale du bloc composite de Malartic et des unités sédimentaires adjacentes, Abitibi, Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0030/NQ65702.pdf.
Full textSoumaila, Amadou. "Etude structurale, pétrographique et géochimique de la ceinture birimienne de Diagorou-Darbani Liptako, Niger occidental (Afrique de l'ouest)." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA2016.
Full textHardy, Clément. "Evolution tectonique du domaine levantin depuis le mésozoïque." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066449.
Full textGonzales, Jean-François. "La déformation cassante dans le bassin de Gardanne (Provence) : aspect microtectonique de l'influence structurale du pli du Regaignas." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX11205.
Full textSheikoleslami, Mohammad-Reza. "Évolution structurale et métamorphique de la marge sud de la microplaque de l'Iran central : les complexes métamorphiques de la région de Neyriz (zone de Sanandaj-Sirjan)." Brest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BRES2018.
Full textHerrera, Urbina Saul. "Lithostratigraphie, géologie structurale et métamorphisme des "schistes X" de la périphérie du dôme de l’Espinouse, (Montagne noire, France)." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112344.
Full textEl presente estudio trata de la estructural y metamorfismo progresivo de las estratigrafia, rocas de origen geologia arcilloarenoso ("schistes X") de la periferia del "Dôme de l'Espinouse" en la parte oriental de la zona axial de la Montagne perteneciente a la cadena Hercyniana. Noire (France), una zona Una cartografia a la escala 1/10. 000, los datos estratigraficos y metamorficos, asi camo el analisis tectonico evidencian que esta parte de la zona axial esta constituida de dos dominios separados por un contacta anormal mayor : - la ortogneises de la mesozonal zona axial propriamente dicha, constituida por los"série du Somail", y su cubierta metasedimentaria "Haute Mare". - una unidad aloctona epi a mesozonal la unidad de la Este contacta anormal esta marcado por diferentes escamas tectonicas constitudas por terrenos epi a mesozonales. El cabalgamiento de la unidad de la "Haute Mare" induce en la zona axial cabalgamientos internas de menor importancia, puestos en evidencia por la presencia de discontinuidades litoestratigraficas. El estudio del metamorfismo progresivo fue realizado en la zona menas afectada tectonicamente. En esta region se observé la sucesion de isogradas siguiente : + biotita, + cordierita, + estaurolita = - clorita, + andalusita, + silimanita. La isograda de desaparicion de la estaurolita se situa en la zona de la silimanita en el sur de la region estudiada y en la zona de la andalusita en el Norte. Esto pone en evidencia variaciones espaciales del tipo de metamorfismo : de mas puerte presion en el Sur que en el Norte. La discusion de las asociaciones mineralôgicas observadas y de la composicion quimica de los minerales, en especial aquella de las biotitas, muestra una variacion del tipo de metamorfismo en el tiempo - un periodo I de tipo intermedio de baja presion, caracterizado por la asociacion estaurolita + cordierita. Los datas termoquimicos permiten evaluar las temperaturas de metamorfismo alededor de 530 a 560° C para la zona de la andalusita con estaurolita y aproximadamente 600° C para la zona de la silimanita sin estaurolita. La presion es estimada del arden de 3 a 4,5 Kb. - un periodo II que se manifiesta solamente poco después de la isograda de la andalusita, por la desestabilizacion de la estaurolita y algunas veces de la andalusita en la cordierita. Este periodo seria de mas débil presion que el periodo I
Le, Bayon Benjamin. "Évolution structurale et métamorphique d'une croûte continentale subductée (Grand Paradis, Alpes occidentales)." Rennes 1, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130477.
Full textBaudin, Thierry. "Etude Géologique du Massif du Ruitor ( Alpes Franco-italiennes) : évolution structurale d'un socle briançonnais." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00539864.
Full textMolinaro, Matteo. "Géométrie et cinématique du Zagros Oriental (Iran) : géologie structurale et modélisation géophysique dans une chaîne récente de chevauchement – plissement." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007533.
Full textKarakaş, Çağil. "Propagation et évolution structurale de la faille Nord Anatolienne dans la région de Marmara." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GLOB0003.
Full textBenkovics, Lászlo. "Etude structurale et géodynamique des Monts Buda, Mecsek et Villany (Hongrie)." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10235.
Full textWrobel-Daveau, Jean-Christophe. "From rifting to current collision, vertical movement and propagation of deformation in the Zagros belt, Iran : insights from section balancing and detrital low-temperature thermochronology." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0556/document.
Full textMy work in the Zagros belt (Iran) has been twofold. On the one hand, based on field evidence cropping out in the Kermanshah Crush Zone, I described “Mid-Cretaceous” carbonate “extensional allochthons” (pre-rift) and Liassic pelagic sediments (syn- to post-rift), both exposed above serpentinised mantle. This led us to propose the occurrence of mantle exhumation along detachment faults in this area, at least during the late stage of rifting, and most likely a renewal of this process several times during the history of the Tethys. This induced a new understanding of the initial geometry of the Arabian paleo-margin and of the current structural relationships in this area. In this view, the Bisotoun platform was initially located between the Harsin mantlefloored sub-oceanic-basin (to the south-west) and the Neo-Tethys (to the north-east). On the other hand, I modeled the kinematic evolution leading to the formation of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt (ZFTB), based on the quantification of the vertical movements with detrital low temperature thermochronology [AFT and (U-Th)/He on apatite and zircon] and section balancing. The construction of two main regional crustal-scale cross-sections in the Lurestan and the Central Zagros, based on a detailed description of the structural style, has notably permitted to emphasize the possible absence of the regional basal Hormuz décollement under the Lurestan, the presence of a sedimentary duplex under the Mongasht structure in the Central Zagros and the probable existence of inverted crustal grabens at the front of the belt. The combination of a geometric forward kinematic model and thermochronological methods has permitted to propose a forward propagation of the exhumation of the Arabian margin from 14 to 2 Ma. This chronology has finally been extended to the neighboring regions of the Fars and of the Iraqi Kurdistan, on the base of the modification of two other cross-sections, thus bringing a new regional overview of the Zagros evolution
Baudrillard, Joseph. "Gestion des horizons multivalués dans la construction d'une interprétation structurale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT108/document.
Full textHorizons are first-class elements of the structural models used for Oil & Gasexploration. When they have a complex shape, they become difficult or even outright impossibleto manage within typical software packages. Handling those so-called “multivalued”horizons indeed requires tackling two problems. First, data models must be found to representthem. A review of the state of the art, complemented by a benchmark, led us to promotethe use of patch systems and triangulated surfaces in order to represent reverse-faulted horizonsand salt domes, respectively. Second, multivalued surfaces must be reconstructed fromsparse and non-uniformly distributed interpretation data. We developed two reconstructionmethods, each targeting a multivalued horizon type. They are based on standard geoscienceinterpolation methods, making them both fast and natural extensions of the state of the art.Using the proposed models along with the reconstruction methods, it is now possible to efficientlytackle the more complex fields were they are typically found
Mayol, Stéphane. "Géologie de la partie occidentale de la boutonnière paléozoi͏̈que des Jebilet, Maroc : un exemple d'évolution structurale hercynienne de bassins intracontinentaux cambrien et carbonifère." Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX30063.
Full textMarcil, Jean-Sébastien. "Cartographie détaillée et étude structurale de la région de Moose Mountain, Foothills du Sud-Ouest de l'Alberta." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35017.
Full textQuébec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2019
Baba, Elmostafa. "Contribution à l'étude lithostratigraphique et structurale des affleurements paléozoïques de la plaine de Tamlet au Maroc oriental et étude par télédétection multispectrale du haut Atlas oriental." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10507.
Full textPerrouty, Stéphane. "Évolution structurale de la ceinture minéralisée d'Ashanti, SO Ghana." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1796/.
Full textThe Paleoproterozoic Ashanti Belt hosts numerous world class gold deposits such as the Obuasi deposit (60 million ounces) and the Tarkwa deposit (40 million ounces). Characterising the regional structural and magmatic evolution provides new insight into the geotectonic context forming these deposits. In this work, we propose (1) a new geologic and structural map of the area using field observations and airborne geophysical data, (2) a structural context of early gold mineralisation in the Wassa mine, (3) an interpretation of the magmatic evolution during the Eburnean Orogeny and (4) a three-dimensional model of the Ashanti Belt showing possible litho-structural control of the mineralisations
Caër, Typhaine. "Interprétation structurale et équilibre mécanique : La calcul à la rupture appliqué aux chaînes d'avant-pays. Cas du Jura." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0812/document.
Full textFold-and-thrust-belts form in a compressive geological context and represent the external part of orogens.They are composed of numerous folds and thrusts generally rooted in a shallow décollement level located in the basal part of the sedimentary cover.These belts have been studied extensively during the XX century. They have been modeled kinematically, analogically and mechanically.The mechanical aspect of deformation must be taken into account in structural geology, but yet, mechanical models remain underused by the structural geologist.The objective of this thesis is to show how to bring mechanical constraints to the study of geological structures with a mechanical theory easily usable in structural geology, the Limit Analysis.This theory represents a good compromise between the kinematic models and the finite element mechanical models, very complete but relatively complicated to use.We study here examples from the Jura fold-and-thrust belt and use the softwares Optum G2 and SLAMTec.We proceed with two different approaches.The first one is presented in the first part of this manuscript and consists in studying the past deformation.We focus on Saint-Ursanne area, in the North-East Switzerland Jura.We construct first a 2D geological cross section of the Mont Terri structure and then we extend this work in 3D by a series of cross sections that scan the whole Saint Ursanne area.These cross-sections are drawn using kinematical rules, mechanical modeling with Limit Analysis and analog sandbox modeling.We show the importance of the tectonic inheritance on the onset of structures in the studied region and we mechanically model the influence of a décollement offset due to an inherited normal fault during a subsequent compressive episode.We show that this offset represents a “fault generator” and a catching point that slows the propagation of the deformation front and furthermore controls the orientation of the structure that develops.We also show that the topography plays a major role in the establishment of geological structures.In the second part of the manuscript we follow a second approach that consists in studying the current deformation.We change of scale and study the current tectonics of the entire Jura.Our models predict that this belt, formed in thin-skin tectonics, is currently partially affected by thick-skin tectonics.The western Jura would be still affected by a thin-skin tectonics, but the basement should be involved in the deformation in the north-east Jura.However, we show that a thick-skin tectonics does not preclude the simultaneous activation of the shallower décollements contained by the sedimentary cover (Triassic evaporites, in the Jura).Practical interest of these methods is illustrated by industrial questions: the last chapter presents a study of geological cross-sections from a studied area of Nagra in the eastern Jura.We look at the current mechanical answer under compression of the proposed structural interpretations.The numerical tools used in this work have been the subject of a tutorial made during a mission at Total company
Lavenu, Alain. "Étude néotectonique de l'Altiplano et de la Cordillère orientale des Andes boliviennes." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112089.
Full textGodefroy, Gabriel. "Modélisation cinématique et stochastique des failles à partir de données éparses pour l’analyse des incertitudes structurales." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0052/document.
Full textThe sparsity and the incompleteness of geological data sets lead geologists to use their prior knowledge while modeling the Earth. Uncertainties in the interpretation are an inherent part of geology. In this thesis, I focus on assessing uncertainties related to the modeling of faulted structures from sparse data. Structural uncertainties arise partly from the association of fault evidence explaining the same structure. This occurs especially while interpreting sparse data such as 2D seismic lines or limited outcrop observations. I propose a mathematical formalism to cast the problem of associating fault evidence into graph theory. Each possible scenario is represented by a graph. A combinatorial analysis shows that the number of scenarios is related to the Bell number and increases in a non-polynomial way. I formulate prior geological knowledge as numerical rules to reduce the number of scenarios and to make structural interpretation more objective. I present a stochastic numerical method to generate several interpretation scenarios. A sensitivity analysis, using synthetic data extracted from a reference model, shows that the choice of the interpretation rules strongly impacts the simulated associations. In a second contribution, I integrate a quantitative description of fault-related displacement while interpreting and building 3D subsurface models. I present a parametric fault operator that displaces structures closely surrounding a fault in accordance with a theoretical isolated normal fault model. The displacement field is described using the maximum displacement (Dmax), two profiles on the fault surface (TX and TZ), and a third profile representing the displacement attenuation in the normal direction to the fault surface. These parameters are determined by numerical optimization from the available structural observations. This kinematic fault operator ensures the kinematic consistency of structural models built from sparse data and/or in polyphasic deformation contexts. These two modeling methodologies are tested and discussed on two data sets. The first one contains nine seismic lines imaging a faulted and fractured basement in the Ifni Margin, offshore Morocco. The interpretation of these lines is guided by orientation measurements coming from a nearby onshore field analog. However, uncertainties remain on the association of observations and on the structure chronology. The second data set is located in the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil. A seismic cube exhibits normal faults within a layered sedimentary sequence. I build a reference structural model from this high quality seismic data. The kinematic and stochastic methodologies can be tested and discussed on synthetic sparse data extracted from this known reference model
Ngako, Vincent. "Evolution métamorphique et structurale de la bordure sud-ouest de la "série de Poli". Segment camerounais de la chaîne panafricaine." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675100.
Full textGerbeaud, Olivier. "Evolution structurale du bassin de Tim Mersoï : le rôle des déformations de la couverture sédimentaire sur la mise en place des gisements uranifère du secteur d’Arlit (Niger)." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112352.
Full textThe Arlit U-deposits (Niger), situated in the eastern part of the Tim Mersoï Basin, less tan 50 km from the Air mountains (SE of the Hoggar), are hosted in reduced carboniferous sandstones. U-deposits are low to medium grade concentration, tabular-type, geographically controlled near major faults in the sedimentary cover. The tectonic history of the Tim Mersoï Basin is closely linked to the geodynamical context of Western Africa, since Palaeozoic to Tertiary times, and to the rejuvenation of panafrican major lineaments in the basement. This study confirm the role played by the upper Carboniferous syn-sedimentary tectonics on the sanstones channels architecture. Reduced sandstones channels are favourable zones where concentrate U-ore deposits. Compression that principally occurred from upper Cretaceous, induced the rejuventation of major faults, and conferred at the Tim Mersoï bain its general morphology. During this NW-SE compressionnal event, brittle shear zones had been created in the sedimentary cover, along the NS and almost N30° major faults (sinistral strike-slip motion). We have shown that this brittle fault zones affecting the sedimentary cover, and notably the NS Arlit-In Azawa fault, were the locus of important fluid circulations during the upper Cretaceous event. The Arlit economic U-déposits are located at the intersection between NS/NNE-SSW major brittle faults and sedimentary reduced trapps (sandstones channels)
Déléris, Jacqueline. "Plutonisme bimodal en contexte décrochant panafricain : étude pétro-structurale du complexe de Toro (Nigeria)." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30212.
Full textLopes, Rodrigo Winck. "Altérations hydrothermales, minéralisation Cu-Ag et géologie structurale des roches volcaniques de la Mine de Seival, Bassin Néoprotérozoïque de Camaquã, Sud du Brésil." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4001/document.
Full textThe volcanogenic rocks of the Seival Mine belong to Hilário Formation from Camaquã Basin, with ages Neoproterozoic. These rocks contain six inactive mines with various prospects of copper-silver. Mineralization are associated with intense structural control in brittle regime. Chemical transformation of hydrothermal alteration associated with paleostress is not very well understood in the region. We propose a characterization of mineral chemistry of the magmatic phases, tardi–magmatic and hydrothermal as well as understand the paleostress and geochemistry of late veins. For this, we realized analyses of mineral chemistry of magmatic and alteration phase. Mineral chemistry coupled with thermodynamic modeling allowed to characterize the alteration as tardi–magmatic. The albitization (650 to 350 °C) occurred in association with chloritization (312 to 120 °C), and with pyrite and chalcopyrite. The lowest temperatures (150 to 50 °C) were related to formation of smectite and interlayered chlorite/smectite, and with chalcocite–covellite, chalcocite–bornite or barite. We perform structural analyzes through kinematic measures and failure/fracture directions. The analysis on faults, fractures and mineralization showed three main stresses occurring in the Seival Mine and Lavras do Sul Mining District: NW–SE compression; NE–SW compression; ENE–SWS distension. The NW–SE paleostress is the main effort related to the dikes and mineralization in both areas
Fournier, Marc. "Ouverture de bassins marginaux et déformation continentale : l'exemple de la mer du Japon." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066125.
Full textHammor, Dalila. "Du panafricain au miocène : 600 millions d'années d'évolution polycyclique dans le massif de l'Edough (Algérie nord-orientale) retracés par la pétrologie, la tectonique et la géochronologie (U/Pb, Rb/Sr, Sm/Nd et 39Ar/40Ar)." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20170.
Full textTorbi, Abdelkrim. "Analyse structurale et etude de la fracturation du socle hercynien et de sa couverture dans les monts du sud-est d'oujda, meseta orientale, maroc." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2104.
Full textFranek, Jan. "From microstructures to large-scale crustal deformations in collisional orogen : Multidisciplinary approach." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/FRANEK_Jan_2007.pdf.
Full textDondey, Hervé. "Etude géologique des unités de Vanoise méridionale de Pralognan à Aussois (Alpes de Savoie) : évolution sédimentaire et structurale." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10116.
Full textRouby, Delphine. "Restauration numérique des domaines failles en extension : Méthode et applications." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10132.
Full textByung, Joo Lee. "Analyse structurale du versant sud de la montagne noire (Hérault - France). Aspects cinématiques de la mise en place des nappes." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00803320.
Full textArnaud, Florence. "Analyse structurale et thermo-barométrique d'un système de chevauchements varisque : les Cévennes centrales (Massif Central français) microstructures et mécanismes de déformation dans les zones de cisaillement schisteuses." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL145N.
Full textLaurent, Dimitri. "Marqueurs de la dynamique des fluides associée à l'enfouissement des bassins sédimentaires : Exemples du Bassin Permien de Lodève (France) et du North Viking Graben (Mer du Nord)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS170/document.
Full textThis work focus on the characterization of the source and dynamic of compactional fluids during sedimentary burial, through two complementary examples of late orogenic oil-field half-grabens: The exhumed Lodève Permian Basin and a deep buried Jurassic basin in the North Viking Graben (North Sea).Constituting the main part of the thesis, a multi-disciplinary approach was conducted in the Lodève Basin where Ba-F-Cu-Pb polymetalic mineralized systems are trapped into synrift faults and paleokarsts in the carbonate basement at the hinge point of the roll-over. The source, timing and P/T conditions of fluid migration were deduced from the analysis of the microfabric, the fluid inclusions microthermometry, and the isotopic (Sr, S, O, H) and Rare Earth Element (REE) signature. Results are then crossed with a structural and thermal modeling that consolidates the sequence and dynamics of fluid during burial.A similar approach was conducted in the North Viking Graben where fluid markers are restricted to 3D seismic and well core data. Comparable Ba-Pb-Zn veins are reported in basin margin, plugging one of the most important siliciclastic hydrocarbon reservoir in the substratum. This analysis provides additional constraints on basinal fluid behavior and allows us to propose a global dynamic model for various compositions of fluids and reservoirs.We conclude to a polyphase fluid sequence history including:(a) In the carbonate basement of the Lodève Basin, karstic paleocanyon incisions and associated cavities coupled to synrift fault, act as major drain for fluids. These structures are early affected by hypogen-sulfuric karstification in response to the interaction between bacterial oxidation of sulfides entrapped within Lower Permian blackshales and the basement oxidizing aquifer.(b) Disequilibrium compaction initiates overpressure-driven basinal fluid migration towards basin margins, characterized by temperatures around 150-180°C and salinities between 9 et 18wt%eq.NaCl. Isotopic (Sr, S, O) and REE analyses reveal that Ba-M+-rich mineralizing fluids derived mainly from buried blackshales diagenesis. External Fluids coming from the lower crust are also identified that play a key role in fluorite precipitation by the leaching of late hercynian granites (mean temperature of 250°C and salinity > 20wt%eq.NaCl).(c) During the synrift period, fluid overpressure is responsible for the periodic reactivation of fault plane according to seismic-valve process, bedded-control shearing and hydraulic brecciation at the basement-seal interface. These mechanisms induce cyclic polymetallic mineralization by the mixing between in situ formation water and deep ascending basinal fluids.(d) Thermogenic fluids expulsion starts with last basinal fluids during late burial stage. Hydrocarbons thus migrate along the same regional pathways up to the rollover crest, where they are partly rerouted by the previous mineralized baffle.(e) In the Lodève basin, post-rift exhumation of the margins led to the remobilization of synrift deposits by subaerial biochemical processes at the sulfate-methane transition. The latter results from the interaction between the still active hydrocarbon dysmigration with a playa lake sulfate-rich aquifer. Secondary low-temperature barite fronts precipitate then within basement meteoric karsts.In addition to the « source to sink » model of basinal fluids, this work provides new insights on the early plugging of hydrocarbon reservoirs and for the metallogenesis of Mississippi Valley-Type deposits
Mejía-Herrera, Pablo-Eliécer. "Apport de la modélisation 3D et de la restauration structurale dans la compréhension des gisements de matières premières minérales." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0308/document.
Full textThe objective of this Ph.D. thesis is to apply 3D and 4D modeling methods to reconstruct the architecture and deformations over time of geological entities in a defined region. Structural restoration modeling is used here to estimate geological, physical and structural attributes for understanding the origin of ore-deposits, and for identifying potential mineralized areas. We focused this thesis on 3D and 4D modeling on real case studies with different geological contexts (e.g. uplifting, fault activity and shortening), demonstrating the advantages and drawbacks on their use for similar situations. This thesis is organized into three parts: (i) the application of structural modeling in the mining district of the Copper Belt of Legnica-Glogów (south-west Poland). A surface-restoration approach was applied to estimate favorable conditions for hydraulic fracturing during an inversion, occurred in the northern part of Europe at Late Cretaceous--Early Paleocene. In our hypothesis, hydraulic fracturing developed at that time played an important role in the distribution of copper content observed in present days in the mining district. (ii) The curvature calculated on triangulated surfaces that represent the stratigraphic horizons in the Fore-Sudetic region (Poland), are used to highlight the fault systems in the basement as well as their activity. High curvature values reveal the fault activity which is associated with the copper mineralization process in the region. (iii) Mechanical restoration of the Mount Pleasant, Western Australia, simulates an Archean shortening event which occurred in the area linked to the gold mineralization process. The mechanical restoration was used to estimate the strain field in the region at the time of shortening. This deformation field was used to estimate the damage parameters of the rock mass. They show new potential gold areas located in off-fault gold systems. In conclusion, it is shown that 3D modeling and structural restoration could be used to identify potential favorable zones for the presence of mineralization, and seem promising as a tool for the exploration of ore-deposits and mineral resources
Althoff, Fernando. "Étude pétrologique et structurale des granitoïdes de Marajoara (Para, Brésil) : leur rôle dans l'évolution archéenne du craton amazonien (2.7 - 3.2 Ga)." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10022.
Full textLeclère, Henri. "Comportement sismo-mécanique des failles crustales et interactions fluides-séismes : Une étude de la région de l'Ubaye (Alpes du sud) combinant sismologie, géologie structurale, pétrophysique et modélisation numérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA2044.
Full textThis work adresses the behavior of faults in the upper continental crust under static conditions and moreparticularly the effect of fluid overpressures on fault reactivation and earthquake triggering. In order toreach this goal, an analysis combining seismology, structural geology, petrophysics, geochemistry andhydromechanical modeling has been carried out in the Ubaye region (southern French-Italian Alps) wherea seismic swarm related to regional faults exposed in the Argentera basement massif (located furthersouth) occurred in 2003-2004. Focal mechanisms of 74 events from this seismic swarm have beendetermined. Based on these mechanisms and other seismological data and on mechanical modeling basedon the Mohr-Coulomb theory, this study allows to confirm that the seismic activity of the swarm waslinked to the presence of overpressurized fluids and to explain the spatio-temporal evolution ofoverpressures. A hydromechanical model is proposed in order to account for the spatio-temporalevolutions of both seismicity and pore fluid overpressures. The study of an exposure of an Argenteraregional fault combining a structural analysis, petrophysical measurements and a hydromechanicalmodeling has allowed to decipher the hydromechanical behavior of faults at hypocentral depths, and moreparticularly to determine the ability of faults to be compacted and to develop fluid overpressures. Lastly,the initiation of earthquakes at or near the base of the seismogenic zone is explored through geochemicaland mechanical analyses of quartz-chlorite veins formed at the base of the seismogenic zone. Theseresults are then compared with those deduced from the analysis of the Ubaye seismic swarm. This workallows to study the seismo-mechanical behavior of faults and the interactions between faults, fluids andearthquakes across the seismogenic zone. It emphasizes the importance of associating seismological,hydraulic et mechanical analyses in the study of active faults
Jourdan, Claudie. "Balagne orientale et massif du Tenda (Corse septentrionale) : étude structurale, interprétation des accidents et des déformations, reconstitutions géodynamiques." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112329.
Full textMonod, Bernard. "Évolution Néogène de la partie centrale des Andes de Mérida (Venezuela) : analyse structurale, modélisation géologique et numérique d'un système en échappement." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00492032.
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