Relevant bibliographies by topics / Geology – Baltic Sea Region

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Geology – Baltic Sea Region'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Geology – Baltic Sea Region"

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KRÖGER, BJÖRN, LINDA HINTS, and OLIVER LEHNERT. "Ordovician reef and mound evolution: the Baltoscandian picture." Geological Magazine 154, no. 4 (2016): 683–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756816000303.

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AbstractThe widespread growth of reefs formed by a framework of biogenic constructors and frame-lacking carbonate mounds began on Baltica during Ordovician time. Previously, Ordovician reef and mound development on Baltica was considered to be sporadic and local. A review of all known bioherm localities across the Baltic Basin reveals a more consistent pattern. Ordovician bioherms grew in a wide E–W-aligned belt across the Baltic Basin and occur in several places in Norway. Substantial reef development began simultaneously across the region during the late Sandbian – early Katian interval and climaxed during the late Katian Pirgu age. The current spatiotemporal distribution of bioherms is a result of interdependent factors that involve original drivers of reef development such as relative sea level, climate during the time of deposition and effects of post-depositional erosion. Oceanographic conditions were likely more favourable during times of cooler global climates, low sea level and glacial episodes. At the same time, the likelihood that bioherms are preserved from long-term erosion is higher when deposited during low sea level in deeper parts of the basin. A main factor controlling the timing of the reef and mound evolution was Baltica's shift toward palaeotropical latitudes during Late Ordovician time. The time equivalence between initial reef growth and the Guttenberg isotope carbon excursion (GICE) suggests that global climatic conditions were important.
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Svensson, Nils-Olof. "Postglacial land uplift patterns of south Sweden and the Baltic Sea region." Terra Nova 3, no. 4 (1991): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1991.tb00165.x.

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Saresma, Maarit, Emilia Kosonen, Antti E. K. Ojala, Anu Kaskela, and Leena Korkiala-Tanttu. "Characterization of sedimentary depositional environments for land use and urban planning in Espoo, Finland." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland 93, no. 1 (2021): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17741/bgsf/93.1.003.

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The capital region of Finland is growing rapidly and into areas with challenging con­struction conditions such as deep fine-grained sediments. In the coastal city of Espoo, present land use is mainly focused in the southern and central parts, which were submerged by the Baltic Sea during the early and mid-Holocene. These areas have experienced saline and brackish water phases during the history of the Baltic Sea Basin. The deposition environments of the presently studied onshore areas are an analogue for the present day offshore Baltic Sea sedimentation settings for fine-grained material. The results from Baltic Sea studies have demonstrated that the seabed topography has a significant role in the deposition of sediments and their properties. In this study, paleotopographic models were created for the ancient Baltic Sea Basin in the Espoo area 1) after deglaciation and 2) during the Litorina transgression and classified into bathymetric (terrain) zones and structures. Topographic classification was combined with the water depth of the Litorina stage, the thickness of fine-grained deposits and wind fetch to establish the overall characteristics of sedimentary environments in the coastal area. Fine-grained sediments can be found mainly in depressions that are classified here as broad, narrow or local. The study found the most challenging environments for construction purposes in sheltered narrow depressions that contain thick layers of fine-grained sediments deposited during the Litorina transgression. These are mainly located in the southern and central parts of Espoo. Minor deep canyons were also found in the northern parts of Espoo. This study provides new prior knowledge for urban planning and construction design in Espoo. The methodology could be applied to other Baltic Sea coastal cities and areas with fine-grained sediments.
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Uścinowicz, Grzegorz, Regina Kramarska, Dorota Kaulbarsz, et al. "Baltic Sea coastal erosion; a case study from the Jastrzębia Góra region." Geologos 20, no. 4 (2014): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logos-2014-0018.

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Abstract The coastline in the Jastrzębia Góra area can be divided into three major zones of general importance: a beach and barrier section, a cliff section, and a section protected by a heavy hydrotechnical construction. These areas are characterised by a diverse geology and origin, and hence different vulnerability to erosion. In addition, observations have demonstrated a different pace of erosion within each zone. Based on the results obtained by remote sensing methods (analysis of aerial photographs and maps), it has been determined that the coastline in the barrier area, i.e., to the west of Jastrzębia Góra, moved landwards by about 130 m, in a period of 100 years, and 80 m over about 50 years. A smaller displacement of the shoreline could be observed within the cliff. Between the middle of the twentieth and the start of the twenty-first centuries the shore retreated by about 25 m. However, in recent years, an active landslide has led to the displacement of the uppermost part of the cliff locally up to 25 m. Another issue is, functioning since 2000, a heavy hydrotechnical construction which has been built in order to protect the most active part of the cliff. The construction is not stable and its western part, over a distance of 50 m, has moved almost 2 m vertically downwards and c. 2.5 m horizontally towards the sea in the past two years. This illustrates that the erosional factor does not comprise only marine abrasion, but also involves land-based processes determined by geology and hydrogeology. Changes in the shoreline at the beach and barrier part are constantly conditioned by rising sea levels, the slightly sloping profile of the sea floor and low elevation values of the backshore and dune areas. Cliffs are destroyed by mass wasting and repetitive storm surges that are responsible for the removal of the colluvium which protects the coast from adverse wave effects. Presumably, mass movements combined with groundwater outflow from the cliff, plus sea abrasion cause destabilisation of the cliff protection construction.
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Bennike, Ole, and Jørn Bo Jensen. "Late- and postglacial shore level changes in the southwestern Baltic Sea." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 45 (September 25, 1998): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1998-45-04.

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Sub-marine deposits in the region of the Arkona Basin, Mecklenburg Bay and Darss Sill have been studied using a multi-disciplinary approach that includes shallow seismic work, depositional sequence stratigraphy, radiocarbon dating and analyses of diatoms and macrofossils. Models for the relative shore level changes in the two basin areas are proposed. Both in the Mecklenburg Bay basin and in the Arkona Basin maximum shore levels of c. 20 m below present sea level were reached in late Allerød, in late Younger Dryas and in late Preboreal. The drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake led to shore level drops, but in Mecklenburg Bay the drop only amounted to around 5 m, because the Darss threshold hindered further regression. In the Arkona Basin, the drop after the final drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake was approximately 20 m, whereas the water level falls after the Allerød drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake and after the Ancylus Lake maximum, have not yet been determined. The Darss Sill area became a land area with local lakes after the Ancylus Lake drainage; there is no evidence of erosion or fluvial/deltaic sediments in Mecklenburg Bay that could be referred to the proposed so-called Dana River. The evolution of the shore level after the Boreal lowstand is poorly confined by our data, but hydrographic conditions similar to the present were established at c. 7.6 cal. ka BP.
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WILLIAMS, MARK, PHILIP STONE, DAVID J. SIVETER, and PAULINE TAYLOR. "Upper Ordovician ostracods from the Cautley district, northern England: Baltic and Laurentian affinities." Geological Magazine 138, no. 5 (2001): 589–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756801005726.

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The Cautley Mudstone Formation and Cystoid Limestone Member of the Ashgill Formation (Windermere Supergroup; Ashgill Series), from the Cautley district of northern England, has yielded an ostracod fauna of more than 30 species. Many of these have short ranges, permitting recognition of stratigraphically successive Pusgillian–lower Cautleyan, middle–upper Cautleyan, and Rawtheyan ostracod faunas. Several species are also known from the upper Ordovician of North America (Anticosti Island), Scotland (Girvan district) and the Baltic region (Estonia, glacial erratic boulders of northern Germany), providing evidence to correlate upper Ordovician successions in these areas. The ostracods include abundant podocopes, at some horizons accounting for more than 80% of the fauna. Binodicopes are also common, but palaeocopes are rare. Assemblages are typical of a clastic dominated open marine shelf setting. Diversity at most horizons is low (c. 3–5 species), but reaches a peak of between 13–14 species in middle Cautleyan horizons. Lower diversity at Pusgillian and Rawtheyan horizons coincides with the encroachment of deeper marine-shelf facies which were probably hostile to Ordovician benthonic ostracods. Some of the ostracods (particularly Aechmina) have distributions suggesting tolerance of a range of mid- to deep shelf benthonic palaeoenvironments, but none were pelagic. During Ashgill times the Cautley district (part of palaeocontinental Avalonia) was replete with ostracod genera and species which also occur in the Baltic region (palaeocontinental Baltica; more than 90% generic similarity) and to a lesser, but nonetheless significant extent in North America and Scotland (parts of palaeocontinental Laurentia). Such trans-Tornquist Sea and Iapetus Ocean distributional patterns add to previous ostracod data that support models which show palaeogeographical proximity of Avalonia and Baltica, and Avalonia and Laurentia, by Ashgill times. The widely cited observation, that trans-Iapetus ostracod faunas remained strictly provincial until the mid-or late Silurian, cannot be sustained.
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TUULING, IGOR, and TOM FLODÉN. "Silurian reefs off Saaremaa and their extension towards Gotland, central Baltic Sea." Geological Magazine 150, no. 5 (2013): 923–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756813000101.

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AbstractThe Silurian reefs off Saaremaa in the Baltic Sea were studied by means of high-resolution seismic reflection profiling. The abundance and diversity of the reefs increases off Saaremaa concomitantly with the deepening of the Baltic Silurian Basin towards Gotland. The peak of the reefs around Saaremaa occurred during the Middle Wenlock. The reef facies retreated further off Saaremaa during the Late Wenlock, became episodically restored around the island during the early Ludlow and finally ceased during the late Ludlow. A similar SW–NE–SW migration of reefs reflects an alternating transgressive–regressive pattern in the nearshore shallow shelf environment, where already minor sea-level fluctuations strongly influenced the conditions for reef growth. During the early Wenlock, a bathymetric break with a large barrier-reef-like structure divided the shallow shelf offshore Saaremaa facially into back-reef and southerly sloping fore-reef areas. The width of this SW-migrating barrier (c. 8 km) and the extent of reef bodies within it (c. 4 km) are the largest known in the Baltic region. During the Silurian, the reefs between Saaremaa and Gotland were flourishing to a much larger extent than is visible today. The primary Silurian reef pattern was increasingly destroyed towards Gotland by later erosion. This has resulted in a large area void of Wenlock reefs off northern Gotland. Off southern Gotland, the narrow conical low-energy deeper-water reefs prevail, as the wave-agitated shallow-water facies with larger and lenticular Wenlock and Ludlow reefs are largely eroded around the Gotland Deep.
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Bezrukovs, V., Vl Bezrukovs, A. Zacepins, and V. Komashilovs. "Assessment of Wind Shear and Wind Energy Potential in the Baltic Sea Region of Latvia." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 52, no. 2 (2015): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2015-0009.

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Abstract The paper is devoted to the investigation into the wind energy potential based on long-term observations of the wind speed and energy density fluctuations at heights from 10 to 160 m on the Baltic Sea coast of Latvia. During the observations (2004 - 2013), the wind speed and direction values were measured, and the statistical database was accumulated using a LOGGER 9200 Symphonie measuring systems mounted on 60 m masts - one on the western coast and another on the north-east of Latvia. From June 2011 to May 2012, these measurements were complemented with the data for the heights from 40 to 160 m obtained by means of a ZephIR lidar and with the metrological data provided by “Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre” for the same period. The graphs of seasonal fluctuations in the wind speed were obtained for the heights up to 160 m by measurements over the period of 2007 - 2013. The results of the research on the wind speed distribution up to 200 m are promising for evaluation of the wind energy potential of Latvia and will be helpful in assessment of prospective sites for construction of WPPs.
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Laier, Troels, and Jørn Bo Jensen. "Shallow gas depth-contour map of the Skagerrak-western Baltic Sea region." Geo-Marine Letters 27, no. 2-4 (2007): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00367-007-0066-2.

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Nielsen, Michael Houmark. "Late Pleistocene stratigraphy, glaciation chronology and Middle Weichselian environmental history from Klintholm, Møn, Denmark." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 41 (November 30, 1994): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1995-41-16.

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A new and fundamental outline of the Late Pleistocene geological history in SE Denmark is obtained from examination of exposed cliff sections along the Baltic coast of M0n. Multi­diciplinary studies including lithostratigraphic classification, analyses of glaciotectonic struc- tures, biostratigraphic studies, amino acid chronology and radiocarbon and luminescence dating indicate the following: A shallow boreo-lusitanian sea that characterized the Eemian interglaciation (130-115 ka BP) was followed by periglacial conditions during the Early Weichselian (l 15-75 ka BP). In the early part of the Middle Weichselian (75--c. 40 ka BP) Baltic glaciers invaded the region twice, intenupted by an ice free and periglacial interval around 50 ka BP. The first ice stream left a reddish coloured till dominated by exotic rock-types of eastern Baltic provenance. From about 40-35 ka BP to slightly before 20 ka BP ameliorated conditions with periglacial terrestrial and lacustrine environments are recorded. A lake basin in the western part of the Baltic was surrounded by a low releif mammoth-steppe with an almost treeless vegetation of grasses, sedges, heather and dwarf shrubs. Increasing amounts of diamicton dominated by Palaeozoic shale and limestone towards the top of the muddy and slightly organic lake sediments suggest ice-rafting in the basin by the end of the late Middle Weichselian. Deposits suffered strong glaciotectonic deformation during the Late Weichselian glacial maximum (25-15 ka BP).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Geology – Baltic Sea Region"

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Kazhura, Yury, Paulo Bento Maffei de Souza, and Heather Worosz. "Sustainable Community Development in the Baltic Sea Region." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2250.

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This study examines Sustainable Community Development (SCD) in the context of the Baltic Sea Region. The research focuses on understanding a model for SCD piloted in Robertsfors, Sweden. The model is said to be transferable to any community around the world. This study seeks to understand the concepts and tools used in the Robertsfors Model. It also examines whether the model is strategic with regards to sustainability and whether it is successful in engaging the local community around these issues. Considerations for transferability are also addressed, focusing specifically on the Eastern Baltic Sea Region. Opportunities for improving the model are also studied. A combination of secondary research, in the form of literature review and primary research (structured interviews and questionnaires) was used to explore these questions. Propositions about SCD and questions for further research emerged from this study.
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Lundgren, Lina. "Preventive action in the protection of the Baltic Sea : Do the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan and An Agenda for the Baltic Sea Region – Baltic 21 advocate preventive action in protecting the Baltic Sea?" Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12240.

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The Baltic Sea is a sensitive and unique ecosystem that has been strongly affected by human activity in the area. It is an important cultural and natural resource that contributes with several economic benefits. Among the many documents aiming to protect the Baltic Sea, this thesis concerns two of the action plans; An Agenda for the Baltic Sea Region – Baltic 21 and HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan, which are two of the most recognised documents aiming at protecting the Baltic Sea area. The two documents was analysed using three different types of text analysis.

As the main goal in all environmental protection is to urge preventive action in protecting the environment, the two documents will be analysed with the aim of investigating whether preventive action is advocated in the protection of the Baltic Sea, even though the region is threatened and have many problems from an environmental point of view.

The two documents differ structurally as their approaches differ. The HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) has an ecosystem approach, whiles the Baltic 21 has sustainable development as its primarily approach. The results of the study further show that preventive action is advocated in both documents. However, the BSAP presents a cleared preventive approach and suggests more preventive action than Baltic 21. Baltic 21 lack a clear connection to the Baltic Sea and instead focus in the whole Baltic Sea area. There are few clearly preventive action presented in the protection of the actual Baltic Sea in Baltic 21. Instead the Baltic 21 shows a vague argumentation and few actions aiming at preventing environmental harm to the Baltic Sea.

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Murumets, Jaan. "Security-Political environment of the Baltic Sea Region an Estonian perspective /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA378568.

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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2000.
Thesis advisor(s): Abenheim, Donald. "March 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-139). Also available in print.
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Olson, Carina. "Neolithic Fisheries : Osteoarchaeology of Fish Remains in the Baltic Sea Region." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8215.

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Schönweitz, Magdalena. "Cross-border cooperation of urban regions in the Baltic Sea area." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17341.

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Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass die Ostseeregion primär eine von Städten und urbanen Zentren geprägte Region ist, untersucht diese Studie die Entstehung und Entwicklung grenzüberschreitender Zusammenarbeit von Großstradtregionen im Ostseeraum. Auf der Grundlage poststrukturalistischer Forschungsansätze ergänzt durch Governancetheorien wird ein umfassendes theoretisches Instrumentarium erarbeitet, mit dem drei Fälle grenzüberschreitender Zusammenarbeit von Großstadtregionen aus der Ostseeregion untersucht werden. Die konzeptionelle Grundidee besteht hierbei darin, Vergleichbarkeit nicht durch die Anwendung vorher festgelegter Kriterien, sondern durch die Formulierung und Anwendung eines gleichbleibenden Katalogs offener Forschungsfragen herzustellen. Zunächst werden für diese Arbeit drei Einzelfallstudien zur Öresundregion, Göteborg-Oslo Region und der Euregio Helsinki-Tallinn erstellt. Dann werden in einer vergleichenden Gegenüberstellung Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede erarbeitet und auf dieser Grundlage Faktoren, welche die Entstehung und Entwicklung grenzüberschreitender Zusammenarbeit begünstigen, abgeleitet. Darüber hinaus rückt das Ergebnis der Analyse drei weitere Aspekte für die Entwicklung grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit in den Mittelpunkt, die in angewendeten theoretischen Ansätzen bisher unberücksichtigt geblieben sind, die aber erheblichen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der einzelnen Region haben: geographische Lage, Timing und Marginalisierung.
Based on the assumption that the Baltic Sea Region is primarily composed of cities and urban areas, this study explores the evolution and development of the cross-border cooperation of large urban areas in the Baltic Sea Region. Using post-structuralist theoretical approaches supplemented with governance theory, the study develops a comprehensive theoretical tool for the analysis of three cases of cross-border cooperation of urban areas in the Balitc Sea Region. The conceptual idea was to safeguard comparability through the application of a common set of open research questions, rather than to apply a set of pre-given criteria. First, this piece of research provides the three single case studies of the Oresund Region, the Gothenburg-Oslo Region and the Euregio Helsinki-Tallinn. Then a comparative analysis elaborates on the commonalities and differences and derives supporting factors for cross-border cooperation based on that background. Finally, the comparative analysis also points to three additional relevant aspects for the development of cross-border cooperation that have not been included into the theoretical approaches but which had remarkable influence on the development of the single cases: geographical localisation, timing and marginalisation.
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Melchiorre, Tiziana. "Regional cooperation organizations in a multipolar world. Comparing the Baltic and the Black Sea regions." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-102719.

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This dissertation analyses the phenomenon of regionalism around the Baltic and the Black Sea since the end of the Cold War with a comparative approach and by applying an extended neorealist theory that includes geopolitics and historical legacy. The main focus is regional organizations, the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) and the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), which defines the geographical and political borders of the Baltic and the Black Sea region. These regional organizations are treated as international regimes. The three main varibales taken into consideration in this study are the distribution of power among the big states, the geographical location and the historical legacy that directly and indirectly affect the relations among the states in each region. These variables are consistently applied to the following  four sector analysed in this study: hard security, energy, economic development, and environment. While the last three sectors are areas of cooperation within the CBSS and the BSEC, hard security is not. Its inclusion in this study is because of the fact that it strongly affects the power relations among the states in the two regions and that it is strictly linked to the other three sectors. Although the CBSS and the BSEC have established ad hoc Working Groups with the aim to make cooperation working effectively, regional states cooperate to the extent that it brings relative gains according to the neorealist theory. The analysis shows that the two regimes created around the Balti and the Black Sea are ineffective despite the fact that the CBSS has managed to create stronger cooperative links among its members compared to the BSEC.
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Nikolova, Iskra. "The EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region and the Presence of Russia." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22662.

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The aim of this paper is to reveal how the European – Russian political cooperation in the common Baltic Sea Region developed over the last twenty years, ending up at the recently adopted European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, which excludes Russian participation. This single case study is divided into two well-defined historical periods: starting from the fall of the Berlin Wall until the Eastern Bloc European enlargement and from 2004 to the adoption of the European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea region in 2009; where comparison and process-tracing methods are applied to connect different variables that matter for clarifying the current state of relations. Furthermore, the analysis is conducted with the help of Constructivist and Neo-Realist theories for two purposes – to achieve stronger scientific explanation and to avoid too loose interpretation of the events. The results show that the Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region is often seen and understood differently by the various political actors, but consequently this leads to a situation in which the role of Russia in the common region remains unclear. When it comes to defining the Russian position today, the Baltic Sea Region provides a good climate for collaboration but so far, the European Union has failed to recognize that the Russian Federation although with a limited access to the sea, remains an actor that should not be ignored. Russia, as well appears confused about its overall foreign policy towards the European Union. Nevertheless, another significant outcome reveals that the levels of regional cooperation have been continuously increasing over the last twenty years, which is an indicator that the Russian presence did not diminish. Finally, the study suggests the European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region is perhaps the beginning of a new tendency towards macro-regional policy development, which will play a future important role in the international relations.
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Larsson, Markus. "Towards a Sustainable Food System : Entrepreneurship, Resilience and Agriculture in the Baltic Sea Region." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187361.

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This thesis compares conventional agriculture and Ecological Recycling Agriculture (ERA) in terms of their environmental and socio-economic effects. Environmental effects include greenhouse gas emissions and energy use, but this analysis focuses on nutrient losses. Socio-economic effects include production, costs and benefits at macro, firm and household level. Comparisons were made at regional (Baltic Sea), national (Swedish) and local (community/municipality) level. At regional level, the main challenge is to make agriculture more environmentally friendly and reduce nutrient losses, while maintaining food production. At national level, the challenges are to shift the product mix towards more vegetables and less meat and to address the geographical division between animal and crop production. At local level, the challenge is to achieve sustainable environmental, economic and social rural development. At regional level, the empirical findings were scaled up to create three scenarios. In one scenario, agriculture in Poland and the Baltic States was transformed to resemble the Swedish average structure and resource use, which gave increased nitrogen and phosphorus surplus and substantially increased food production. Two other scenarios in which agriculture in the entire Baltic Sea area converted to ERA gave reductions in nitrogen surplus and eliminated the phosphorus surplus, while food production decreased or remained stable, depending on the strategy chosen. At national level, the environmental effects of different production methods, transport and different food baskets were compared. A household survey was performed to construct an alternative food basket, which was high in vegetables, low in meat and high in locally produced organic food compared with the average Swedish food profile. It was also 24% more expensive. Food basket content was found to be as important as production method in reducing environmental effects. Local production and processing was less important. At local level, an importer and wholesaler of organic fruit and vegetables and a group of environmentally concerned consumers were studied. The business was found to be resilient, i.e. well-suited to adapt to turbulence, and with a history of being innovative.
I den här avhandlingen jämförs konventionellt jordbruk med ekologiskt kretsloppsjordbruk. Jämförelsen görs med avseende på miljöeffekter och socio-ekonomisk påverkan. Av miljöeffekterna är fokus på läckage av växtnäring men utsläpp av växthusgaser samt energianvändning studeras också. Till de socio-ekonomiska effekterna räknas effekter på produktionsvolym samt kostnader och nyttor på såväl samhälls- som företags- och hushållsnivå. Jämförelsen görs på regional (Östersjöområdet), nationell (Sverige) och lokal (Järna/Södertälje kommun) nivå. På regional nivå är den stora utmaningen att omvandla jordbruksproduktionen i miljövänlig riktning och att minska närsaltsbelastningen samtidigt som produktionen hålls uppe. På nationell nivå är en utmaning att ändra produktionssammansättningen mot mer vegetabilier och mindre kött samt att minska den geografiska uppdelningen av djurhållning och spannmål. På lokal nivå är utmaningen att uppnå en hållbar landsbygdsutveckling ur miljömässigt såväl som ekonomiskt och socialt perspektiv. Resultat: på regional nivå beräknas miljöpåverkan och påverkan på livsmedelsproduktion i tre olika scenarier. Enligt ett scenario omvandlar Polen och de baltiska staterna sina jordbrukssektorer efter samma struktur och resursanvändning som ett genomsnittligt svenskt jordbruk. Det resulterar i att överskottet av kväve och fosfor i jordbruket ökar med 58% respektive 18% samtidigt som livsmedelsproduktionen ökar betydligt. Två andra scenarier där jordbruket i hela Östersjöregionen ställer om till ekologiskt kretsloppsjordbruk resulterar i reduktion av kväveöverskottet från jordbruket med 47-61% samt att fosforöverskottet elimineras. I de här scenarierna skulle livsmedelsproduktionen minska eller vara i princip oförändrad beroende på vilken strategi som väljs. På nationell nivå jämförs miljöpåverkan av olika produktionsmetoder, av transporter samt av olika matkassar. En hushållsstudie genomfördes i en grupp miljömedvetna konsumenter för att konstruera en alternativ matkasse. Matkassen innehöll en stor andel grönsaker, en liten andel kött och mycket lokalt och ekologiskt producerad mat jämfört med en genomsnittlig svensk matkasse. Den var även 24% dyrare i inköp. Det visade sig att miljöbelastningen påverkades väl så mycket av matkassens innehåll som av produktionsmetod. Lokal produktion och förädling var inte lika betydelsefullt. På lokal nivå studerades en grossist och importör av ekologiska frukter och grönsaker samt en grupp av miljöengagerade konsumenter (hushållsstudien ovan). Semistrukturerade intervjuer användes för att studera företaget, som visade sig vara resilient, det vill säga väl förberett för att klara turbulens på marknaden. Företaget karaktäriserades av ekonomisk stabilitet och en tradition av att vara innovativt. Ett exempel är Ekolådan, den första helt ekologisk hemleveransen av frukt och grönsaker i Stockholmsområdet. I den studerade regionen (Södertälje kommun) är efterfrågan på ekologiska livsmedel – från såväl hushåll och företag och andra organisationer som kommunen själv – hög jämfört med övriga Sverige. EU:s utvidgning innebär en möjlighet till förändrad förvaltning av Östersjön och jordbrukssektorn. En omställning i stor skala till ekologiskt kretsloppsjordbruk skulle leda till miljöförbättringar. En hållbar förvaltning av Östersjön, något som överenskommits inom ramen för HELCOM, kan inte uppnås samtidigt som jordbruksproduktionen maximeras i länderna runt Östersjön. Jordbruket orsakar betydande externa kostnader. Betalningsviljan för en förbättrad Östersjömiljö är stor vilket motiverar investeringar i ett miljövänligare, hållbart jordbruk. Medlemmarna i HELCOM, däribland Sveriges regering, har såväl ekonomiska som miljömässiga incitament att utnyttja möjligheten som Polens och de baltiska staternas EU-medlemskap innebär.

QC 20160523

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Norris, Simon. "Numerical modelling of the evolution of the Celtic Sea region." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333667.

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Šečkus, Jonas. "Study of the south-eastern Baltic Sea development applying geological modeling methods." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090707_153325-41977.

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The main subject of the present research is the geological development of the south-eastern Baltic Sea in Holocene (11000 – 0 calendar years before the present) and prediction of its development in the future (0-1000 calendar years after the present). The present is calendar years 2000AD. The working area is estimated between longitude 18ºE - 21º30’E and latitude between 54ºN - 56º30’N including the onshore and offshore of Lithuania. The quantitative and qualitative geological information and the geological interpretation allowed the 4D modeling of the south-eastern Baltic Sea. Detailed comparison of the influence of isostatic and eustatic components has made it possible to distinguish between these two factors and to create the isostatic intensity models. Last investigations of the global sea level rise (IPCC 2001, 2007) and the model of the recent tectonic activity in the region were used for creation of the prognosis scenarios of relief development in the future. The 4D models created in this dissertation are very well understandable for specialists and for wider readership not engaged in scientific research. The results presented in the dissertation can be useful also by archaeologists and biologists. The results of the model show all the drawbacks of geological material collected so far and outline new perspectives for marine geologists, i.e. demonstrate what works should be done in the future to get more precise results.
Pagrindinis tyrimų tikslas buvo atkurti pietrytinės Baltijos jūros raidą holocene (11000 – 0 kalendorinių metų iki dabar) ir atlikti jūros raidos prognozę iki 1000 metų nuo dabar. Tirtasis regionas apima Lietuvos teritoriją (tiek atviroje jūroje, tiek sausumoje), jo koordinatės yra 18ºE - 21º30’E rytų ilgumos ir 54ºN - 56º30‘N šiaurės platumos. Kokybinė ir kiekybinė geologinė informacija bei jos geologinė interpretacija leido sukurti pietrytinės Baltijos jūros raidos 4D modelius. Detalus kiekybinis eustatinių bei izostatinių vandens lygio pokyčių palyginimas leido atskirti šiuos faktorius bei nustatyti izostatinio komponento intensyvumą holoceno metu. Kiekybiškai įvertinus tektoninius judesius ir vandens lygio pokyčius buvo atlikta pietrytinės Baltijos jūros raidos prognozė. Erdviniai 4 D modeliai pateikti šiame darbe yra lengvai suprantami ne tik specialistams, tačiau ir plačiai visuomenei. Disertacijoje pateikti modeliai gali būti naudingi archeologams bei biologams, tuo pačiu geologams parodydami esančių duomenų trūkumus bei nubrėžiantys naujas perspektyvas tyrimams, kurie turėtų būti atlikti norint gauti kiek galima detalesnius rezultatus.
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Books on the topic "Geology – Baltic Sea Region"

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Bird, Tim. A Baltic odyssey: Exploring the Baltic Sea region. Kustannus Oy Taifuuni, 1999.

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Makarychev, Andrey, and Alexandra Yatsyk, eds. Borders in the Baltic Sea Region. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-352-00014-6.

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Karlsson, Michael. Transnational relations in the Baltic Sea Region. Södertörns högskola, 2006.

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Karlsson, Michael. Transnational relations in the Baltic Sea Region. Södertörns högskola, 2004.

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The Baltic Sea region and the cold war. Peter Lang, 2012.

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Bertell, Maths, Frog, and Kendra Willson, eds. Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region. Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462982635.

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Since prehistoric times, the Baltic Sea has functioned as a northern mare nostrum — a crucial nexus that has shaped the languages, folklore, religions, literature, technology, and identities of the Germanic, Finnic, Sámi, Baltic, and Slavic peoples. This anthology explores the networks among those peoples. The contributions to Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region: Austmarr as a Northern mare nostrum, ca. 500-1500 ad address different aspects of cultural contacts around and across the Baltic from the perspectives of history, archaeology, linguistics, literary studies, religious studies, and folklore. The introduction offers a general overview of crosscultural contacts in the Baltic Sea region as a framework for contextualizing the volume’s twelve chapters, organized in four sections. The first section concerns geographical conceptions as revealed in Old Norse and in classical texts through place names, terms of direction, and geographical descriptions. The second section discusses the movement of cultural goods and persons in connection with elite mobility, the slave trade, and rune-carving practice. The third section turns to the history of language contacts and influences, using examples of Finnic names in runic inscriptions and Low German loanwords in Finnish. The final section analyzes intercultural connections related to mythology and religion spanning Baltic, Finnic, Germanic, and Sámi cultures. Together these diverse articles present a dynamic picture of this distinctive part of the world.
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Viitasalo, Mikko. The Baltic: Sea of changes. National Defence College, 1996.

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Miebach, Klaus Michael. European regions of the future: The Baltic Sea region. Inter Nationes, 2001.

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Beser, Nathalie, and Kenneth Abrahamsson. The Baltic edge: Reflections on youth, work and innovation in the Baltic Sea region. Global utmaning, 2013.

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De, Prabir. India-Baltic Sea Region trade and connectivity: Myth or reality? Research and Information System for Developing Countries, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Geology – Baltic Sea Region"

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Zakharchuk, Evgeny, Natalia Tikhonova, Anatoly Gusev, and Nikolay Diansky. "Influence of Baroclinicity on Sea Level Oscillations in the Baltic Sea." In Springer Geology. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77788-7_38.

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Pentz, Tim-Åke, and Daria Gritsenko. "Maritime Governance in the Baltic Sea Region." In Beyond the Sea. Böhlau Verlag, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/boehlau.9783412217358.203.

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Czarny, Ryszard M. "Cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region." In A Modern Nordic Saga : Politics, Economy and Society. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42363-0_14.

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Brusylovska, Olga, and Sergii Glebov. "“Russian World” in the Black Sea Region: The Case of Ukraine." In Baltic-Black Sea Regionalisms. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24878-9_14.

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Makarychev, Andrey, and Alexandra Yatsyk. "The Biopolitics of National Belonging in the Baltic–Black Sea Region." In Baltic-Black Sea Regionalisms. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24878-9_4.

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Brańka, Tomasz, Łukasz Donaj, and Jarosław Jańczak. "Border Processes in Contemporary Baltic–Black Sea Region: Between (Re)Bordering and Debordering." In Baltic-Black Sea Regionalisms. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24878-9_2.

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Sinovets, Polina, and Iryna Maksymenko. "The Baltic–Black Sea Region in Great Powers’ Relations: The Hard Power Aspect." In Baltic-Black Sea Regionalisms. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24878-9_6.

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Amantov, Aleksey, Willy Fjeldskaar, and Lawrence Cathles. "Glacial Erosion/Sedimentation of the Baltic Region and the Effect on the Postglacial Uplift." In The Baltic Sea Basin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17220-5_3.

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Preis, Sergei. "Environmental Problems of the Baltic Sea Region." In Scientific, Environmental, and Political Issues in the Circum-Caspian Region. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5502-1_20.

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Schick, Judith, Sylvia Kratz, Elke Bloem, and Ewald Schnug. "Phosphorus Fluxes in the Baltic Sea Region." In Water Resources Quality and Management in Baltic Sea Countries. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39701-2_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Geology – Baltic Sea Region"

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Gadeikis, Saulius, Kastytis Dundulis, Aistė Daukšytė, and Sonata Gadeikytė. "The Cathedral of Vilnius: Problems and Features of Natural Conditions." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.001.

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The Cathedral of Vilnius is one of the main architectural monuments in Lithuania. This structure was built in unfavourable geological conditions. Due to this reason, the foundation of the building subsides; there occur wall deformations and cracks. Preservation of the building is today’s urgent problem. When evaluating the geologic environment from the perspective of engineering, construction works require deep analysis of the following key environment components and discuss them: relief, soils of geologic structure and their geotechnical properties, conditions of underground water occurrence and geological processes, and condition of the foundation. The article provides the brief history of construction and reconstruction of the Cathedral based on archival studies, the description of engineering geological conditions, and the archeologic and historic material of the evaluation of the foundation.
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Sapota, G., G. Dembska, M. Bogdaniuk, and G. Holm. "Environmental policy and legislation on dredged material in the Baltic Sea region — Analysis." In 2012 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/baltic.2012.6249171.

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Kostyaev, Alexander, Gennady Fedorov, Alfiya Kuznetsova, Galina Nikonova, Sergey Letunov, and Alexey Nikonov. "The Baltic Sea Region in the demographic dimension." In International Days of Statistics and Economics 2019. Libuše Macáková, MELANDRIUM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/pr.2019.los.186.78.

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Forsman, Juha, Tommi Marjamäki, Harri Jyrävä, Noora Lindroos, and Merja Autiola. "Applications of Mass Stabilization at Baltic Sea Region." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.036.

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Mass stabilization is soil improvement method to increase the strength and stiffness of soft soils (e.g. peat, mud, clay, silt) by using an admixed binder agent. In the demanding soil conditions of Baltic Sea region shore line and interior soft soil areas, cost effective soil improvement methods are needed in the foundation engineering and earth construction. Methods are also needed in the handling of soft and/or contaminated sediments (clay, mud, etc.), which are not allowed for off shore dumping. For these applications, mass stabilization has been proven to be a cost effective method and the effectiveness of mass stabilization has been demonstrated in laboratory and in field conditions during last decades. Especially good results have been reached with contaminated dredged sediments, which enable harbours to reuse sediments for construction. Better cost effectiveness has been achieved when by-products or waste materials have been utilized as a binder. Numerous mass stabilization projects have been carried out around the word and in the Nordic countries since beginning of 1990’s. In this article is presented: the principles of mass stabilization method, case examples of using mass stabilization in harbour and road construction projects, utilization of by-product or waste based binders and the cost effectiveness of that kind of binders.
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Steenfelt, Jørgen S. "Ice Loads on Structures in the Baltic Environment." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.018.

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For offshore, nearshore and harbour structures ice loading is often a decisive ULS load. However, the Code requirements, the regulations and design practices vary considerably across the Baltic Sea region and beyond. This result in incommensurable values of the compressive strength of the ice and the resulting recommended/prescribed design loads. The paper examines these differences over time and in-between countries and elucidates the effects on the design for a number of case histories. The Danish rules show a pronounced trend of increasing values of compressive ice strength (five-fold from 1945 to 2015). Surprisingly, this is commensurate with the trend of less severe winters with time. In conclusion, the Danish code requirements need critical review to better match reality and to reduce the cost of foundation structures subject to ice loading.
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Godlewski, Tomasz, and Małgorzata Wszędyrówny-Nast. "Correlations of Regional Geotechnical Parameters on the Basis of CPTU and DMT Tests." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.002.

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The requirements for field research for Polish conditions demand proper dependences. Dependences based on more than 30 localizations for different genetic types of soils were derived for the area of Poland. Direct results from CPT, DMT and profiles from boreholes have been collected at the test sites for individual localization. For interpretation of results, dependences and diagrams of CPTU versus DMT were created. Correlations on the background of results from literature for different types of soils for numerous research areas were collected, with established dependences for Polish grounds conditions. Additionally some recommendations for the interpretation of the results from CPTU and DMT tests for analysed soils have been proposed.
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Beijer Lundberg, Anders. "LCA Design Considerations for Cyclically Loaded Piles in Railway Infrastructure." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.003.

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Future development of high-speed railways in Sweden will likely contain a large amount of piled structures, both bridges and piled embankments. Railway tracks used in high-speed railways are highly sensitive to settlements, in comparison to standard railway systems. The possible long-term settlement of the piles is therefore of large interest for the life- Cycle Analysis (LCA) of the railway system, since frequent repair of the track increases the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of the system. This issue has not previously been the main concern in pile design, and therefore requires special attention as an internal part of the railway support system. The design considerations related to the cyclic axial loading of piles are here analyzed in brief, and typical soil conditions are discussed to illuminate possible problems of practical design for these types of piles and how it can be addressed in practical design. The concept of LCA and LCC for the long-term structural response of cyclically loaded piles is also considered.
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Mets, Mait, Vello Pallav, and Rauno Raudsepp. "Geotechnical Problems of Tartu Old Town." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.004.

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This article analyses the formation of soil properties and the behaviour of buildings in Tartu Old Town. For assessing this, data was gathered from settled constructions, which showed that geotechnical actions change the properties of fluvial sediments variously and as such need thorough research. The preservation of wood used in foundations depends on their placement in geological layers, on the fluctuations of surface water and the geotechnical solutions used. The effects of geotechnical actions conducted before need more attention and therefore new projectsolutions in Tartu Old Town need thorough geotechnical research in each case.
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Schäfer, René. "Impact of ACIP Pile Drilling Technique on Subsurface Soil Density." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.005.

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For the foundation of an industrial complex, auger-cast-in-place piles (ACIP-Piles) have been installed on behalf of the recommendation of a local geotechnical consultant. With respect to the poorly graded sand deposits and the high ground water table, the installation was critically reviewed with respect to the European Code DIN EN 1536. In the course of the installation process of a couple of working piles, extensive soil was drilled by the auger, which led to a loss of soil mass in the vicinity of the pile shafts. A detailed engineering analysis came to the conclusion, that the reasons of the damage can be attributed to a concurrence of the subsurface soil conditions, the chosen drilling technique, the choice of the contractor as well as the workmanship. However, a distinct soil loosening could also be measured by a plenty of cone penetration tests in the vicinity of those working piles, which have apparently been installed properly. Surprisingly, the compact sand layers were much more affected by the installation process than the loose deposits. These findings lead to the conclusion, that the installation process of ACIP piles has to be critically evaluated during the construction process and may become a decisive design influence in the case of a pile design by empirical pile capacity magnitudes.
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Braun, Markus, Bernd Schuppener, Thomas Richter, Franz Ruppert, and Martin Ziegler. "German Proposals for the Revision of Eurocode 7 “Geotechnical design”." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.006.

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After implementing the Eurocodes, concerns were raised that the set of rules and regulations is not suitable for the designer’s day-to-day use. The first generation of Eurocodes consists of 58 codes with more than 5,200 pages. Moreover, practitioners have to cope with national supplementary codes. As a result, an “Initiative on Improving the Practicability of Technical Rules for Building Constructions” (PRB) was established by the German construction industry and associations of structural engineers in 2011. As part of the initiative, a Project Group for Geotechnical Design was established alongside groups for the other Eurocodes, with the aim of streamlining Eurocode 7 and reducing the number of design approaches and partial safety factors. The paper will analyse the shortcomings of the two parts of Eurocode 7 and present a concept for a more concise and user-friendly code. Furthermore, comparative calculations have been performed for standard geotechnical design applications to investigate the potential for European harmonization in geotechnical design. The results are described and it is shown how they can be incorporated in the revision of EC 7. Moreover, a new formula for verifying geotechnical ultimate limit states is presented which formally covers all design approaches and also enables other parameters such as consequence classes, human error etc. to be incorporated by applying different multiplicative partial safety factors.
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Reports on the topic "Geology – Baltic Sea Region"

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NMR Publisering. Culture and Sustainable Development in the Baltic Sea Region. Nordisk Ministerråd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/na2013-913.

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Oliveira e Costa, Sandra, Johanna Aaltonen, and Maija Rusanen. Making the most of brownfield sites in the Baltic Sea Region. Nordregio, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30689/pb2018:6.2001-3876.

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Minin, V. B., V. V. Belyakov, and I. B. Uzhinova. INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR RECYCLING AGRICULTURAL WASTE IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION. Ljournal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0123-5526-2020-01821.

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Moodie, John, Viktor Salenius, and Johanna Leino. Industrial Symbiosis in the Baltic Sea Region: Current Practices and Guidelines for New Initiatives. Nordregio, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2019:1.2001-3876.

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Moodie, John, Viktor Salenius, and Johanna Leino. Industrial Symbiosis in the Baltic Sea Region: Current Practices and Guidelines for New Initiatives. Nordregio, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30689/pb2019:1.2001-3876.

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Bradley, D. J. Radioactive contamination of the Arctic Region, Baltic Sea, and the Sea of Japan from activities in the former Soviet Union. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10102627.

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Bradley, D. J. Radioactive contamination of the Arctic Region, Baltic Sea, and the Sea of Japan from activities in the former Soviet Union. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6821704.

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Leino, Johanna, Jukka Teräs, and John Moodie. Smart Specialisation in the Baltic Sea Region: Good practices from the Bio-, Circular- and Digital Innovation project BSR Stars S3. Nordregio, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2019:7.2001-3876.

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Leino, Johanna, Jukka Teräs, and John Moodie. Smart Specialisation in the Baltic Sea Region : Good practices from the Bio-, Circular- and Digital Innovation project BSR Stars S3. Nordregio, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30689/pb2019:7.2001-3876.

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