Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Geology – Madagascar'
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Paul, Jonathan David. "Dynamic topography and drainage of Africa and Madagascar." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708248.
Full textMukosi, Ndivhuwo Cecilia. "Petrogenesis of the Ambohiby Complex, Madagascar and the role of the Marion Hotspot Plume." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71665.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Cretaceous Ambohiby Complex is an alkaline ring complex located in the central part of Madagascar and covers a mountainous area of approximately 225km2. The complex intrudes into Precambrian basement gneisses and consists of the following rock types in a chronological order; gabbros, monzonite, alkali-syenite, micro-granite and granites. Both mafic and felsic rocks are dominated by sodic mineralogies. Pyroxenes are generally aegirine, aegirine-augite, and hedenbergite and commonly occur in granites, micro-granites, syenites and monzonite. In gabbros and mafic dykes, augite is the more common composition. Amphiboles are represented by bluish to brownish-green varieties with arfvedsonite to eckermannite compositions in granites, and magnesia-arfvedsonite compositions in micro-granites. Ferro-edenite is present in some alkali-syenites and monzonite. Feldspars are usually single phase and are therefore hypersolvus. In granites, micro-granites and alkali-syenites, path and string perthite is very common. Graphic intergrowth of quartz and alkali feldspars is also common in granites and some alkalisyenites. Major elements variation diagrams plotted against SiO2 indicate that the mafic and felsic rocks of the Ambohiby Complex were formed by processes similar to those of Fractional crystallization. Chondrite normalised mafic rocks have slightly positive Eu anomalies while the felsic rocks have negative Eu anomalies, indicating fractionation of plagioclase feldspars. The Chondrite normalised gabbroic rocks shared similar trends of heavy rare earth with Chondrite normalised Marion Hotspot data. This suggests that the basaltic parent magma for the Ambohiby Complex, possibly related to the Marion hotspot plume. The Fractional crystallization model with an inclusion of olivine in the mineral assemblage seems to fit very well with the actual Ambohiby felsic end member rocks (i.e. granites). It is therefore clear that differentiation mainly occurred by fractional crystallization but variable initial Sr and Nd values indicate the magmas assimilated crustal material during emplacement. The Rb-Sr geochronology gave an age of 90±2.4 Ma for the intrusion of the Ambohiby Complex, which confirms that the Ambohiby Complex is associated with the Gondwana break-up. In addition the Marion Hotspot plume is believed to have been located in the southern tip of the island at around 90 Ma ago.
Kelly, Ranald. "The distribution of fluids in amphibolite and granulite facies rocks from central Madagascar and southern West Greenland." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313701.
Full textGrégoire, Vincent. "CARACTERISATION PETROSTRUCTURALE DU SOCLE PRECAMBRIEN DE MADAGASCAR (PAYS BETSILEO, PROVINCE DE FIANARANTSOA) : METHODOLOGIE ET IMPLICATIONS GEODYNAMIQUES." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00367741.
Full textLa première partie du travail développe les aspects méthodologiques. L'Anisotropie de Susceptibilité Magnétique (ASM) des granites de Madagascar est contrôlée par la magnétite. Des grains de magnétite rapprochés développent des interactions susceptibles de modifier l'ASM (Grégoire et al., 1995). L'étude par traitement d'images des grains de magnétite montre que c'est l'anisotropie de forme de grains allongés qui est principalement responsable de l'ASM (Grégoire et al., 1998).
Les deux autres outils employés sont l'analyse d'image et la thermobarométrie. Deux signatures structurales distinctes sont reconnues dans la région des granites andringitréens. (D1) se caractérise par des foliations moyennement pentées vers l'ouest et des linéations à faible plongement OSO; elle est contemporaine de la mise en place de ces granites de type stratoïde qui s'accompagne d'un métamorphisme HT-BP dans l'encaissant. (D2) se caractérise par des foliations fortement pentées et des linéations NS subhorizontales dans des bandes de cisaillement anastomosées d'échelle kilométrique.
Plus au nord, une série supracrustale schisto-quartzo-carbonatée (SQC) est conservée sur le socle granitique qui présente la structure D1, alors que la SQC montre une structure différente associée à des fabriques d'axes c de quartz indiquant un déversement vers l'est.
La structure D1 est semblable à celle qui a été décrite par Nédélec et al. (1994), au nord d'Antanarivo. Il s'agirait de la phase d'extension post-collision datée à 630 Ma par Paquette & Nédélec (1998). La structure D2 résulterait d'un épisode de convergence tardi-panafricain vers 550 Ma. Seule la SQC aurait gardé les traces d'un épaississement crustal antérieur à 650Ma et qui pourrait correspondre au début de la collision panafricaine.
Goncalves, Philippe. "PÉTROLOGIE ET GÉOCHRONOLOGIE DES GRANULITES DE ULTRA-HAUTES TEMPÉRATURES DE L'UNITÉ BASIQUE D'ANDRIAMENA (CENTRE-NORD MADAGASCAR). Apport de la géochronologie in-situ U-Th-Pb à l'interprétation des trajets P-T." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21375.
Full textRasolofomanana, Andriaseheno Henri. "Les complexes annulaires de la province magmatique du cap saint-andre (madagascar) : geologie, petrologie et geodynamique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF22077.
Full textDaso, Alain Ah Hu. "Geologie d'une plateforme carbonatee metamorphique : vallee de la sahatany, centre de madagascar, etude structurale, petrographique et geochimique." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30195.
Full textPorokhovoï, Evgueni. "Stabilité à long terme des talus de mines à ciel ouvert dans les massifs de roches basiques et ultrabasiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529344.
Full textRandrianasolo, Leon Gabriel. "Structure and tectonics of the Ampanihy Group in the vicinity of the Ankafotia and Saririaky anorthosite bodies, Southwestern Madagascar." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11705.
Full textRandrianasolo, Leon Gabriel. "Structure and tectonics of the Ampanihy Group in the vicinity of the Ankafotia and Saririaky anorthosite bodies, Southwestern Madagascar." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7644.
Full textRaoelison, Ivan Ludovic. "Structure and metamorphism of the Itremo Group, central Madagascar." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5741.
Full textMuller, Bernd G. J. "The evolution and significance of the Bongolava-Ranotsara shear zone, Madagascar." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3713.
Full textRakotosolofo, Nicolas Albert. "Geology, carbon isotope stratigraphy, and palaeomagnetism of the Karoo sequences of the Southern Morondava Basin, SW Madagascar." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7653.
Full textDi, Cecco Veronica. "The Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Green Giant Vanadium-graphite Deposit, S.W. Madagascar." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/42814.
Full textRakotoarimanana, Rindrahasy Harilala. "Geology and petrology of the Dabolava Region, West-Central Madagascar, with emphasis on granite-hosted gold mineralization." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1968.
Full textThe Dabolava region is an area of approximately 600 km2 and is situated on the western edge of the Precambrian in west-central Madagascar. The geology mainly consists of Proterozoic amphibolite facies metavolcanic rocks, inter-layered with minor metasedimentary rocks, crosscut by granodioritic to gabbroic plutons. The country rocks of the granodiorite and gabbroic plutons are composed of 50% amphibolites, 30% quartzofeldspathic gneisses and 20% metasedimentary rocks, mainly carbonates. The amphibolites consist dominantly of hornblende with plagioclase and minor quartz groundmass, although orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, chlorite, and biotite are present in certain samples. They have tholeiitic affinities and may have been derived from basaltic lavas. They contain felsic segregations of tonalitic composition that possibly represent migmatitic leucosomes, with hornblende concentrated in associated melanosomes. The amphibolites are highly deformed compared to the plutonic rocks. Meta-quartzofeldspathic rocks of dominant rhyolitic compositions are interlayered within the amphibolites; these may represent felsic volcanics coeval with the metabasalt. Metamorphosed carbonates are also interlayered within the amphibolites. This assemblage of supracrustal rocks is intruded by Neoproterozoic granitoid and gabbroic plutons, and granodiorite dykes. The composition of the majority of the plutons in the area of study is mainly granodioritic, with minor quartz diorite and quartz monzodiorite. They are metaluminous and contain quartz, plagioclase, with minor K-feldspar (microcline); biotite and hornblende constitute the ferromagnesian minerals. The granodiorites have a prominent foliation defined by biotite and hornblende. According to their chemical and mineralogical composition, the granodiorites are classified as I-type in origin. Gold mineralization is associated with the Neoproterozoic granodiorite plutons, mainly the Dabolava and the Ambatomiefy plutons. It is hosted within quartz veins that are generally oriented parallel to the foliation of the host rock. A limited degree of alteration is observed within the granodiorite, with the alteration assemblages consisting of biotite, pseudomorphic chlorite, calcite, and sericite. Gold is associated with hydrothermal biotite and sulphide assemblages consist of pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite with minor pyrite and chalcopyrite, magnetite and ilmenite. The chemistry of analysed gold grains from the Dabolava pluton shows that they mainly consist of 95-97% gold with the remainder composed of Ag, Hg and Cu. A gold concentration of up to 2232 ppm was observed in one of the gold excavations within the Ambatomiefy pluton. Microthermometric studies reveal three fluid types, including a high salinity fluid (type 4), a CO2-rich fluid (type 1-a), and an aqueous type (type 3). It is suggested that the CO2-rich and high salinity fluids were exsolved from the magma. With decreasing temperature a low salinity CO2-H2O-NaCl fluid (type 1-b, type 2) (Th ranges from ~ 220-350° C) resulted from heterogeneous mixting of a CO2-rich fluid and a low salinity aqueous fluid. Therefore, fluid inclusion studies indicate a magmatic origin of the mineralizing fluid(s). A porphyry-type deposit is suggested for the gold mineralization in the study area, as it is associated with I-type granitoid plutons, the mineralizing fluid (s) are of magmatic origin, and gold is associated with chalcopyrite, albeit in minor amounts. Based on the rock associations observed in the field, which consist of metabasalts interlayered with minor coeval metarhyolite, with associated intrusive plutonic rocks, as well as trace element discrimination diagrams, an active continental margin tectonic setting is inferred for the rocks in the study area. Two samples from the granodiorite plutons and one sample from a gabbro body were dated using U-Pb single zircon geochronology. A sample from the Ambatomiefy pluton yielded an age of ~1002±3 Ma, which is interpreted to represent the crystallization age of the pluton. The Dabolava pluton has also been dated, and a similar age of 1008 Ma has been obtained. A gabbro sample from a smaller mafic body in the area has been dated at 982±2 Ma. This defines a ~26 m.y. period of Neoproterozoic magmatic activity. An age of 982.3±2 .9 was also reported from a gabbro body located in the southern part of Madagascar (Amborompotsy-Ikalamavony). These provide evidence of the presence of 1000 Ma magmatic activity in Madagascar. The extent and the significance of this magmatic event are not yet understood although it could be related to the Mesoproterozoic event associated with the assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia. The identification of granitoids of similar age and character in Madagascar and within Gondwana has economic significance regarding the potential of these granitoids for porphyry-type gold mineralization. Therefore, this is useful for future gold exploration.
Ishwar, Kumar C. "Mesoproterozoic Suturing Of Archean Crustal Blocks In Western Peninsular India : New Insights On India-Madagascar Correlations." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/2651.
Full textRandrianasolo, Elisa Brice. "Nouvelles méthodes de cartographie sur le socle protérozoïque du Sud de Madagascar. Nature et géométrie de la croûte continentale d'un domaine orogénique en convérgence, implications économiques." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00404948.
Full textNous précisons la nature des alignements sur l'axe Bongolava – Ranotsara : (i) La structure ductile de direction N 140°, cartographiée dans plusieurs littératures, n'est qu'une impression régionale (à petite échelle) due à la déflexion N 157° des ZC de direction Nord – Sud. La faille de Ranotsara (de direction N 140°) n'existe pas en termes de faille régionale, elle est une impression (à petite échelle) de la restitution cartographique causée par le relais de failles de taille ≤60 km de long et qui sont orientées N 115°, N 140° et N 160°.
Nous identifions que les ZC sont les lieux de localisation d'anomalie en éléments incompatibles (U-Th). Elles sont également le lieu de concentration d'oxydes de magnétite et titanomagnétite, associé à la disparition de la biotite. Ces observations soulignent la concentration des magmas et de la fusion au sein des ZC. Ainsi, les ZC sont le lieu de concentration de magmas qui permettent l'advection de chaleur. En effet, dans le Sud de Madagascar les conditions de haute température (800°C) sont homogénéisées sur de grande surface.
Nous établissons une nouvelle carte des ensembles lithologiques qui met en évidence des contrastes de compétence: les ZC se développent préférentiellement dans l'ensemble d'orthogneiss peu alumineux; les ensembles de métasédiments alumineux et les gneiss migmatitiques à amphibole sont plus résistants et forment des boudins à différentes échelles ; l'ensemble de granites et syénites stratoïdes et gneiss migmatitiques à amphibole constituent les blocs les plus rigides. Nous identifions des dykes kilométriques de basaltes, de dolérites et de microgranites qui sont orientés préférentiellement sur les directions N 25° et N 120°.
Par croisement des données, nous montrons que la position des minéralisations économiques est contrôlée par les anisotropies kilométriques (ZC, charnières de plis, limites lithologiques) qui localisent les circulations fluides et magmatiques. Les minéralisations primaires (métamorphiques ou métasomatiques : corindons, fer et graphite) se localisent au sein des ZC. Les minéralisations secondaires (uranothorianite, or) s'expliquent par des remobilisations au sein des ZC. La position finale des minéralisations s'explique cependant par la géométrie des réseaux hydrographiques et des failles. A l'échelle du Gondwana, la géométrie des ZC majeures néoprotérozoïques contrôle le développement des systèmes de failles et de dykes (170Ma 90Ma) orientés N 160°.
Dans 4 régions : Satrokala, Fenoarivo, Analavoka, Lavaraty ; existent des anomalies magnétiques et gravimétriques de type «bulls eyes» qui se localisent à l'intersection des dykes N 160° et des dykes N 30°, N 140° et N 170° ; et parfois avec les ZC. Ces points correspondent à des creux topographiques circulaires (10 m - 2,5 km de diamètre) isolés ou associés en champ de point. Ces zones sont potentiellement des intrusions kimberlitiques. La présence de ces pipes à l'intersection d'anisotropies kilométriques est favorable à l'ascension rapide des magmas silicatés, soit la présence de kimberlites diamantifères.