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1
Oxenstierna, Johan. "Remote Sensing and Statistical Analysis of Fracture Populations Around Lake Thingvallavatn, SW Iceland." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-182201.
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This study aims at a description and statistical analysis of tectonic and magmatic fractures in the Western Volcanic Zone (WVZ) on Iceland. Two fracture populations are studied with respect to their distance to the Hengill volcano: The southern area is between 0-10 kilometers from the volcano and the northern area is between 16-25 kilometers from the volcano. The description and analysis of fractures is carried out separately for the two areas as well as for the two areas together to test different mapping procedures, statistical methods and the influence of the volcano on the properties of the fractures. There are various reasons for considering this an important study: Firstly, this is not an extensively researched field and there are many unanswered methodological questions on how to map and describe the fractures. In this study, problems such as how maps are stitched and georeferenced, how fractures are divided into segments and mapped in respect to topography, are discussed. The potential errors caused by these methodological problems are concluded to be large enough to significantly affect statistical tests analyzing fracture populations. In the analysis part, the properties of the fracture populations are studied using Kolmogorov Smirnov and χ 2 goodness-of-fit tests, scatter-plots, simple count and ratios among other methods. It was found that the fracture populations follow distributions that are not easily defined, but that they are of the same and quantifiable type. With more data their common distribution could therefore be modeled, and the factor by which the Hengill volcano affects the strike of fractures per distance unit from the volcano could be calculated. It was also found that magmatic fractures are formed in a similar, but not necessarily the same stress-field as tectonic fractures. Therefore change in magma pressure might change the local stress regime around magmatic fractures, affecting their strike.
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Yetkin, Erdem. "Alteration mapping by remote mapping by remote sensing Application to Hasandağ- Melendiz volcanic complex /." Ankara : METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1090927/index.pdf.
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Kujjo, Cosmas P. "Application of Remote Sensing for Gold Exploration in the Nuba Mountains, Sudan." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1262901181.
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Gauthier, Eric L. "The potential of airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery as a basic tool for stratigraphic investigations in forested areas: The Ordovician-Silurian carbonate succession of Anticosti Island, Gulf of St Lawrence, eastern Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26373.
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Anticosti Island, located in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in eastern Canada, is one of the few places in the world where the Ordovician/Silurian boundary is well preserved and exposed. Its relatively undeformed shallow-water carbonate sequence of approximately 900 m in thickness is rich in fossils and is known to contain traces of hydrocarbons. The island has been for decades the subject of several geological studies, but its stratigraphic succession was never successfully mapped precisely because of its dense forest cover present over almost 95% of its vast territory.
This study provides new mapping tools and techniques to support the geological representation of the island stratigraphic succession. Airborne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data acquired with the active radar system onboard of the former CCRS (Canada Centre for Remote Sensing) Convair-580 aircraft, in single and fully polarimetric modes and with different viewing geometry, were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated by means of image interpretation and polarimetric analysis for their mapping potential over the densely forested study area.
The airborne SAR data, supported with ancillary geoscience data sets and derivative topographic related products, have resulted in the availability of valuable and accurate terrain information such as topographic variations associated with the gently inclined recessive and resistant strata of the island succession. It also provided with information on the polarimetric scattering mechanism of the vegetation cover overlying the surface deposits and bedrock geology, suggesting a possible preferential distribution.
With almost 50% of the Canadian territory covered by forest, radar remote sensing, as demonstrated by this study, is a cost-effective tool to produce more accurate regional structural and geological map in areas where traditional mapping campaigns failed due to the presence of an extensive vegetation cover.
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Rodriguez-Guerra, Edna Patricia. "Faulting evidence of isostatic uplift in the Rincon Mountains metamorphic core complex: An image processing analysis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284275.
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This study focuses on the applications of remote sensing techniques and digital analysis to characterizing of tectonic features of the Rincon Mountains metamorphic core complex. Data included Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images, digital elevation models (DEM), and digital orthophoto quadrangle quads (DOQQ). The main findings in this study are two nearly orthogonal systems of structures that have never been reported in the Rincon Mountains. The first system, a penetrative faulting system of the footwall rocks, trends N10-30°W. Similar structures identified in other metamorphic core complexes. The second system trends N60-70°E, and has only been alluded indirectly in the literature of metamorphic core complexes. The structures pervade mylonites in Tanque Verde Mountain, Mica Mountain, and the Rincon Peak area. As measured on the imagery, spacing between the N10-30°W lineaments ranges from ∼0.5 to 2 km, and from 0.25 to 1 km for the N60-70°E system. Field inspection reveals that the N10-30°W trending system, are high-angle normal faults dipping mainly to the west. One of the main faults, named here the Cabeza de Vaca fault, has a polished, planar, striated and grooved surface with slickenlines indicating pure normal dip-slip movement (N10°W, 83°SW; slickensides rake 85°SW). The Cabeza de Vaca fault is the eastern boundary of a 2 km-wide graben, with displacement as great as 400 meters. The N10-30°W faults are syn- to post-mylonitic, high-angle normal faults that formed during isostatic uplift of the Rincon core complex during mid-Tertiary time. This interpretation is based on previous works, which report similar fault patterns in other metamorphic core complexes. Faults trending N20-30°W, shape the east flank of Mica Mountain. These faults, on the back dipping mylonitic zone, dip east and may represent late-stage antithetic shear zones. The Cabeza de Vaca fault and the back dipping antithetic faults accommodate as much as 65% of the extension due to doming of the core complex. The N60-70°E structures, not verified as a fault system, are a joint system pervading the footwall rocks of the metamorphic core complex. This system is less systematic. Spacing varies from 0.25 to 1 km. Both systems control the drainage of the mountains.
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Barnhouse, Willard D. Jr. "Methane Plume Detection Using Passive Hyper-Spectral Remote Sensing." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1129913636.
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Dolan, Daniel J. "Structural Evolution of Martin Crater Thaumasia Planum, Mars." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10606452.
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<p> A detailed structural map of the central uplift of Martin Crater in western Thaumasia Planum, Mars, reveals highly folded and fractured geology throughout the 15-km diameter uplift. The stratigraphy in the central uplift of the crater has been rotated to near vertical dip and imaged by high-definition cameras aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). These unique factors allow individual geologic beds in Martin Crater to be studied and located across the length of the uplift. </p><p> Bedding in Martin Crater primarily strikes SSE-NNW and dips near vertically. Many units are separated by a highly complex series of linear faults, creating megablocks of uplifted material. Faulting is dominantly left-slip in surface expression and strikes SW-NE, roughly perpendicular to bedding, and major fold axes plunge toward the SW. Coupled with infrared imagery of the ejecta blanket, which shows an “exclusion zone” northeast of the crater, these structural indicators provide strong support for a low-angle impactor (approximately 10–20°) originating from the northeast. </p><p> Acoustic fluidization is the prevailing theoretical model put forth to explain complex crater uplift. The theory predicts that uplifted megablocks in craters are small, discrete, separated and highly randomized in orientation. However, megablocks in Martin Crater are tightly interlocked and often continuous in lithology across several kilometers. Thus, the model of acoustic fluidization, as it is currently formulated, does not appear to be supported by the structural evidence found in Martin Crater.</p><p>
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Ball, Jessica Lynne. "Field and numerical investigations of lava dome hydrothermal systems and their effects on dome stability." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3612916.
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<p> This study investigates the potential for hydrothermal alteration and circulation in lava domes using combined analytical, remote sensing and numerical modeling approaches. This has been accomplished in three parts: <i>1) </i> A comprehensive field, geochemical and remote sensing investigation was undertaken of the hydrothermal system in the Santiaguito lava dome complex in Guatemala. The Santiaguito domes were found to contain mainly hydrous silica alteration, which is unlikely to weaken dome rock, but the summit of Santa Maria was found to contain pervasive argillic alteration (clay minerals), which do pose more of a collapse-related hazard. These results were confirmed by hot spring geochemistry which indicated that water in the domes was responsible for some rock dissolution but had a residence time too short to allow for secondary mineralization. <i>2)</i> A finite element numerical modeling approach was developed which was designed to simulate the percolation of meteoric water in two dome geometries (crater-confined and 'perched'), and the results were compared to the surface expression of hydrothermal systems on existing lava domes. In both cases, we concluded that simulated domes which lacked a high-temperature (magmatic) heat source could not develop a convecting hydrothermal system and were dominated by gravitational water flow. In these low-temperature simulations, warm springs (warmer high fluid fluxes) were produced at the base of the dome talus and cool springs were dispersed lower down the slope/substrate; fumaroles (high vapor fluxes) were confined to the dome summits. Comparison with existing dome cross sections indicates that the simulations were accurate in predicting fumarole locations and somewhat accurate at predicting spring locations, suggesting that springs may be subject to permeability contrasts created by more complicated structural features than were simulated in this study. <i>3)</i> The results of the numerical modeling were used to calculate alteration potential in the simulated domes, indicating the most likely areas where alteration processes might either reduce the strength of a dome or reduce permeability that could contribute to internal pressurization. Rock alteration potential in low-temperature lava domes was found to be controlled by material permeability and the presence or absence of a sustained heat source driving hydrothermal circulation. High RAI values were preserved longer in low-permeability domes, but were more strongly developed in domes with higher permeabilities. Potential for mineral dissolution was highest at the base of the dome core, while the potential for mineral precipitation is highest at the dome core-talus interface. If precipitated minerals are impermeable, the dome core/talus interface would be a likely location for accumulation of gases and initiation of gas-pressurization-related collapse; if alteration is depositing weak (i.e. clay) minerals in this area, the dome core/talus interface might be a candidate for collapses occurring as the result of alteration processes. </p><p> The results of this study are all geared toward answering two broad questions: <i> Where are hydrothermal alteration processes likely to occur or be focused within lava domes?</i> and <i>What effect could these processes have on dome stability?</i> In the specific case of the Santiaguito dome complex, the combination of a quickly-recharged, low-temperature hydrothermal system in the inactive domes actually indicated a low possibility of collapse related to alteration minerals. This result was reinforced by the results of the numerical modeling, which indicated that domes are unlikely to develop sustained hydrothermal convection without the presence of a significant (magmatic) heat source and—in the case of Santiaguito—are likely to produce more hydrous silica alteration minerals when they also lack a source of acidic gases. Models of alteration potential do detail, however, that both shallow and deep dome collapses are still a possibility with a low-temperature hydrothermal system, given either a) a source of acidic gases to drive the formation of clay minerals (which are most likely to be deposited at the core/talus interface of a dome, or b) enough deposition of silica minerals in pore spaces to lower permeability in dome rock and promote internal gas pressurization. The results of this study are not limited to lava domes, as the volcanic edifices on which they rest are composed of the same materials that comprise lava domes and are therefore susceptible to the same hydrothermal processes. Further simulations of both lava domes and their associated edifices, including mineral species models, could help constrain under what conditions a lava dome or volcano is likely to develop areas of weak mineral precipitates (such as clay minerals) which could provide sites for collapse, or develop an impermeable cap of silicate minerals which could trap rising vapor and contribute to the pressurization of the edifice in question (which can in turn lead to collapse).</p>
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Brodie, Katherine L. "Observations of storm morphodynamics using Coastal Lidar and Radar Imaging System (CLARIS): Importance of wave refraction and dissipation over complex surf-zone morphology at a shoreline erosional hotspot." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616582.
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Elevated water levels and large waves during storms cause beach erosion, overwash, and coastal flooding, particularly along barrier island coastlines. While predictions of storm tracks have greatly improved over the last decade, predictions of maximum water levels and variations in the extent of damage along a coastline need improvement. In particular, physics based models still cannot explain why some regions along a relatively straight coastline may experience significant erosion and overwash during a storm, while nearby locations remain seemingly unchanged. Correct predictions of both the timing of erosion and variations in the magnitude of erosion along the coast will be useful to both emergency managers and homeowners preparing for an approaching storm. Unfortunately, research on the impact of a storm to the beach has mainly been derived from "pre" and "post" storm surveys of beach topography and nearshore bathymetry during calm conditions. This has created a lack of data during storms from which to ground-truth model predictions and test hypotheses that explain variations in erosion along a coastline. We have developed Coastal Lidar and Radar Imaging System (CLARIS), a mobile system that combines a terrestrial scanning laser and an X-band marine radar system using precise motion and location information. CLARIS can operate during storms, measuring beach topography, nearshore bathymetry (from radar-derived wave speed measurements), surf-zone wave parameters, and maximum water levels remotely. In this dissertation, we present details on the development, design, and testing of CLARIS and then use CLARIS to observe a 10 km section of coastline in Kitty Hawk and Kill Devil Hills on the Outer Banks of North Carolina every 12 hours during a Nor'Easter (peak wave height in 8 m of water depth = 3.4 m). High decadal rates of shoreline change as well as heightened erosion during storms have previously been documented to occur within the field site. In addition, complex bathymetric features that traverse the surf-zone into the nearshore are present along the southern six kilometers of the field site. In addition to the CLARIS observations, we model wave propagation over the complex nearshore bathymetry for the same storm event. Data reveal that the complex nearshore bathymetry is mirrored by kilometer scale undulations in the shoreline, and that both morphologies persist during storms, contrary to common observations of shoreline and surf-zone linearization by large storm waves. We hypothesize that wave refraction over the complex nearshore bathymetry forces flow patterns which may enhance or stabilize the shoreline and surf-zone morphology during storms. In addition, our semi-daily surveys of the beach indicate that spatial and temporal patterns of erosion are strongly correlated to the steepness of the waves. Along more than half the study site, fifty percent or more of the erosion that occurred during the first 12 hours of the storm was recovered within 24 hours of the peak of the storm as waves remained large (>2.5 m), but transitioned to long period swell. In addition, spatial variations in the amount of beach volume change during the building portion of the storm were strongly correlated with observed wave dissipation within the inner surf zone, as opposed to predicted inundation elevations or alongshore variations in wave height.
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Belden, Deborah Jeanne. "Geomorphological mapping of the K2 area, Pakistan using GIS and remote sensing." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112008-121208/.
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Kealy, Peter Sean. "Lithological mapping by remote sensing using emittance information in the thermal infrared region." Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6179/.
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The aims of this study were to assess existing techniques, and develop new methods for extracting the geologically significant parameter spectral emittance from passive multispectral scanner data in the Thermal Infrared. Emittance cannot be extracted directly from the radiance data due to the underdetermined nature of the resultant equation set. Quantitative analysis of the Thermal Infrared data also requires the application of calibration and atmospheric correction algorithms. A calibrated and atmospherically corrected Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) scene from Halls Creek, Western Australia, was selected as a test area on which to apply the techniques. However, detailed mapping of the Halls Creek area was not an objective of this research. Existing image enhancement techniques namely the Decorrelation-Stretch and Thermal Log Residuals (TLR) as well as the alpha coefficients calculation (a simplification of the TLR method developed during this research) were applied to the TIMS data and each created useful images for delineating boundaries. A new emittance estimating technique, the Alpha Derived Emittance method, developed during this research was applied to the data for comparison with existing algorithms, the Model Emittance and Maximum Temperature methods. The Alpha Derived Emittance method utilised the Wien approximation to the Planck function and solved the underdetermined equation set by assuming the existence of a relationship between the mean and variation of emittance spectra. A Thermal Infrared spectral library was created from a representative collection of Halls Creek lithologies in order to assess the applicability of each emittance estimating method. Analysis of these spectra indicated that each of the methods were equally accurate in estimating emittance for Halls Creek lithologies. Further, each technique estimated the emittance to within 0.02 of emittance for approximately 65% of the lithologies. TIMS image statistics suggested that the Alpha Derived Emittance method most effectively separated the emittance and temperature from the radiance signal. This research indicates that the variability within samples may hinder the ability to discriminate lithologies.
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Joy, Katherine. "Studies in lunar geology and geochemistry using sample analysis and remote sensing measurements." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445615/.
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The thesis reports the results of an investigation into the geochemistry and petrology of lunar meteorites and synthesises this knowledge with research into the calibration and interpretation of lunar X-ray spectroscopy from the D-CIXS instrument. I present the mineralogy, bulk composition and petrography of two lunar regolith breccia meteorites (DaG 400 and MET 01210), and a launch paired group of mare basalt meteorites (LAP 02205/02224/02226/02436/03632). Individual sample geochemistry is interpreted and geological models proposed to account for the meteorites' formation histories and subsequent impact related processes. These are compared to previously studied Apollo, Luna and meteorite lunar samples in order to understand how these new samples fit within the context of existing theories of lunar evolution. I have also utilised currently available geochemical remote sensing datasets to try and constrain possible meteorite launch localities, thus relating the microscopic perspective of lunar geological processes from the sample collection back to the 'big-picture' of global remotely sensed datasets. I review the scientific findings of the UK-built D-CIXS X-ray spectrometer, which flew to the Moon on the SMART-1 mission between 2003 and 2006. I present an overview of the instrument and discuss various hardware and software problems the mission encountered. Results of laboratory calibration work and of theoretical X-ray fluorescence modelling are also presented. This thesis introduces the first detailed examination and interpretation of D-CIXS data recorded by the instrument during lunar science phase activities in 2005. These datasets focus on X-ray flux recorded during periods of strong solar activity (i.e. solar flare associated events), with particular attention to an observation of the lunar far-side feldspathic highlands and the South Pole-Aitkin Basin, which records an X-ray flux difference between the two lithological terrains indicative of a marked variation in surface composition. This work will help to lay the groundwork for understanding and interpreting data from the new C1XS instrument, which will fly to the Moon in 2008 aboard the Indian Chandrayaan-1 mission.
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Marks, Alan Stephen. "Remote sensing of the regolith, Shoalwater Bay area, Queensland." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/140068.
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Kerr, Charles Henry. "An integrated remote sensing and geophysical investigation of the Gwanda greenstone belt, southern Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243191.
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Koc, Ayten. "Remote Sensing Study Of Surgu Fault Zone." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606611/index.pdf.
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The geometry, deformation mechanism and kinematics of the Sü<br>rgü<br>Fault Zone is investigated by using remotely sensed data including Landsat TM and ASTER imagery combined with SRTM, and stereo-aerial photographs. They are used to extract information related to regional lineaments and tectono-morphological characteristics of the SFZ. Various image processing and enhancement techniques including contrast enhancement, PCA, DS and color composites are applied on the imagery and three different approaches including manual, semi automatic and automatic lineament extraction methods are followed. Then the lineaments obtained from ASTER and Landsat imagery using manual and automatic methods are overlaid to produce a final lineaments map.
The results have indicated that, the total number and length of the lineaments obtained from automatic is more than other methods while the percentages of overlapping lineaments for the manual method is more than the automatic method which indicate that the lineaments from automatic method does not discriminate man made features which result more lineaments and less overlapping ratio with respect to final map.
It is revealed from the detail analysis that, the SFZ displays characteristic deformation patterns of strike-slip faults, such as pressure ridges, linear fault controlled valleys, deflected stream courses, rotated blocks and juxtaposition of stratigraphical horizons in macroscopic scale. In addition to these, kinematic analyses carried out using fault slip data indicated that the Sü<br>rgü<br>Fault Zone is dextral strike-slip fault zone with a reverse component of slip and cumulative displacement along the fault is more than 2 km.
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Oztan, Nihat Serkan. "Evaporate Mapping In Bala Region (ankara) By Remote Sensing Techniques." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609621/index.pdf.
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Evaporate minerals were very important raw materials in very different and broad
industries for years. Since gypsum became important raw material especially in
construction industry as plaster, demand to these minerals rises each following
year. The aim of this thesis is to map out these industrial raw materials by using
remote sensing techniques. Ankara Bala region has very rich Gypsum sites and
this region is showed as one of the best gypsum potential sites of Turkey according
to the studies of MTA so that this area is selected for the usage of remotely sensed
data.
For the remote sensing analyses ASTER images which have high spatial and
spectral resolution are used. The analyses are applied using PCI Geomatica
software and ARCGIS software is used for mapping purposes. Band ratio,
decorrelation stretch, principal component analysis and thermal indices are used in
order to map gypsum minerals. For gypsum minerals previously known Crosta
method is modified and by the selection of suitable bands and principle
components, gypsum minerals are tried to map and it is seen that it has a high
success. For TIR indices previously known Quartz index is modified as Sulfate
index and used for gypsum mapping. For relative accuracy all the results are add,
percentages of the results are estimated. According to results<br>288 km2 area is
mapped as gypsum with the total of four methods but it is seen that only 8 km2 is
found by every methods. According to these percentages modified Crosta method
and Sulfate Index methods are showed the highest success.
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Orr, Kenneth James. "Extracting Martian Meteorite Mineral Spectra for Remote Sensing of the Surface Geology of Mars." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88347.
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The source craters of the Martian meteorites remain unknown. This PhD extracted pyroxene mid-infrared spectra directly from the shergottites to supplement the current spectral libraries in modelling the geology of the Martian surface. Models using planet-representative spectral end members improves the spectral fit of the modelling, and the accuracy of the mineral abundance determination.
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El-Sobky, Hesham Farouk. "Remote sensing studies and morphotectonic investigations in an arid rift setting, Baja California, Mexico." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1518.
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Shcherbenko, Gina Nicole. "Post-Seismic Strain and Stress Evolution from Continuous GPS Observations." Thesis, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1567846.
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<p> Strain evolution and stress evolution following the 4 April 2010 M7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake are modeled using an adaptation of the strain transient detection tool developed by <i>Holt and Shcherbenko</i> 2013. The evolution of stress is calculated from postseismic strains, which are modeled from continuous GPS horizontal displacements. Strain fields are modeled in 2 ways; the total strain field based on total observed cGPS displacements, and the residual strain field, which subtracts a reference field from the total model. The residual shows anomalous strains resulting from the postseismic relaxation of the 2010 event. Anomalous and total strains are modeled in 0.1 year epochs for 2.4 years following the event. Both total and anomalous strains are converted into stress changes over time, assuming elastic incompressible behavior. Following the El Mayor event, the GPS constrained strain evolution shows the following: (1) The Southern San Andreas experiences a reduced rate of right-lateral strike slip strain accumulation between 3 July 2010 and 7 August 2012 (Figure 16a-d). (2) The San Jacinto Fault has normal rate of right-lateral strike-slip strain accumulation during this time. (3) Before the Brawley swarm of 26 August 2012, the state of strain evolves to enable unclamping of a left-lateral fault zone in the Brawley Seismic Zone (Figure 16a-d). (4) Large shear strains accumulate on the Laguna Salada Fault (northernmost segment)/southern Elsinore FZ (Figure 16a-d). We converted the strain changes into Coulomb stress changes on existing faults (both right-lateral and left-lateral). Several regions show increased Coulomb stress changes throughout the postseismic process. Furthermore, the Coulomb stress changes on the faults in the region progressively increase toward failure up to the time of the Brawley swarm.</p>
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Duncan, Kyle. "Reconstructing surface elevation changes for the Greenland Ice Sheet (1993-2013) and analysis of Zachariae Isstrom, northeast Greenland." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1600748.
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<p> Previous studies investigating the velocity and elevation change records of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) revealed rapid and complex changes. It is therefore imperative to determine changes with both high spatial and temporal resolutions. By fusing multiple laser altimetry data sets, the Surface Elevation Reconstruction and Change (SERAC) program is capable of reconstructing surface elevation changes with high spatial and temporal resolution over the entire GrIS. The input data include observations from NASA’s Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) mission (2003-2009) as well as data collected by NASA’s Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) (1993-2013) and Land, Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS) (2007-2012) airborne laser altimetry systems. This study extends the record of surface elevation changes over the GrIS by adding 2012 and 2013 laser altimetry data to the previous 1993-2011 record. Extending the record leads to a new, more accurate and detailed altimetry record for 1993-2013. </p><p> Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are fused with laser altimetry data over Zachariæ Isstrøm, northeast Greenland to analyze surface elevation changes and associated thinning rates during 1978-2014. Little to no elevation change occurred over Zachariæ Isstrøm from 1978-1999, however, from 1999-2014 elevation changes near the calving front became increasingly negative and accelerated. Calving front position showed steady retreat and grounding line position has been retreating towards the interior of the ice sheet at an increasing rate from 2010-2014 when compared to the 1996-2010 period. The measured elevation changes near the calving front have brought a large portion of the glacier close to the height of flotation. If the current thinning trend continues this portion of the glacier will reach flotation within the next 2-5 years allowing for further retreat and increased vulnerability to retreat for sections of the glacier further upstream.</p>
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Farrand, William Halsey. "Visible and near infrared reflectance of tuff rings and tuff cones." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185423.
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Hydrovolcanic basaltic tephras from tuff rings and tuff cones were studied in order to better understand their origin and alteration processes. The visual and near infrared reflectance of tephras collected from Basin and Range tuff rings and tuff cones was measured in the laboratory. Further mineralogic and chemical information was gained through petrographic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis and iron Mossbauer spectrometry. In addition, remotely sensed data from several airborne sensors was obtained for the Lunar Crater Volcanic Field in Nye County, Nevada and the Pavant Butte tuff cone in Millard County, Utah. Fresh tuff rings, resulting from dry pyroclastic surges, are composed of a variable mix of country rock fragments and unaltered sideromelane which has a dark reflectance spectrum dominated by Fe²⁺ crystal field bands near 1 and 2 μm. If water condenses on the sideromelane, a process of nearly syn-depositional hydration can occur. With increasing hydration, water and OH vibrational absorptions develop at 1.4 and 1.9 μm. Smectite clay minerals were recognized within thinly bedded tuff rings by the presence of a 2.2 μm absorption and by XRD results. These minerals have developed without extensive palgonitization. Tuff ring tephras can also become oxidized to the extent that a well developed Fe³⁺-O²⁻ charge transfer edge develops with weak Fe³⁺ crystal field features shortwards of 0.8 μm. The poorly inflated pyroclastic “flow”, that characterizes tuff cone formation, produces hot, wet, cohesive ash deposits that can alter relatively rapidly to palagonite. The reflectance of these highly palagonitized tephras is twice as high as that of tuff ring deposits, H₂O and OH vibrational absorption bands are also stronger and a 2.3 μm Mg-OH band is generally present. Increasing oxidation causes spectral features resulting from Fe³⁺ to become more pronounced. These include a shortwards shift in position and shallowing of the “1-μm” crystal field band and steepening of the Fe³⁺-O²⁻ charge transfer edge. Differences in spectral reflectance are ascribed primarily to differences in the degree of alteration which in turn is influenced by the water/magma ratio extant at the time of eruption. Remotely sensed data of hydrovolcanic vents acquired by several different air- and spaceborne sensors was also examined. These data sets were analyzed using a linear spectral mixture model. It was found that palagonite tuff constitutes an easily mapped spectral endmember, while the hydrated tuff typical of tuff rings is difficult to distinguish from other dark materials. The best mapping was performed with the systems with high spatial resolution such as the NSOO1 Thematic Mapper Simulator and the Geoscan Mk II advanced multispectral scanner. Airborne Visible/lnfrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data, calibrated to reflectance through reference endmember modelling, revealed previously undetected 2.2 μm absorption features in the palagonite tuff at Pavant Butte. The 1-μm feature in Pavant Butte palagonite tuff was mapped from the AVIRIS data using a band depth mapping routine although the resulting discrimination of palagonite tuffs was not as good as was obtained with the spectral mixture model.
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Romanko, Matthew. "Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture: Monitoring Plant Chlorophyll, and Soil Ammonia, Nitrate, and Phosphate in Corn and Soybean Fields." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1490964339514842.
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Yetkin, Erdem. "Alteration Mapping By Remote Sensing: Application To Hasandag &." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1090927/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Certain alteration minerals are used to identify the hydrothermally altered rocks. Potassic, phyllic (sericitic), propylitic, argillic and silicification are main alteration types observed in volcanic rocks. The role of remote sensing in alteration mapping is the differentiation of the minerals that are unique for In this study, Landsat TM 5 images are used. General alteration trend in the area is mapped by conventional methods of color composite, band rationing, principal component analysis and multi-linear regression analysis. Detailed mineral mapping carried on by using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) spectral library data. Spectral reflectances of selected minerals are analyzed according to the TM band intervals and appropriate band ratios are selected. TM bands 1,2,3,4,5 and 7 are used. Outputs of mineral maps are investigated for zonal distribution. Mineral maps that are obtained by the mineral separation method reveal that the youngest volcanic complex Hasandag is poorly altered. Instead, Keç<br>iboyduran, Melendiz and Tepekö<br>y volcanic complexes are found to be highly altered with the pattern of clay dominant in the center and increasing oxidation towards flanks. Also the alteration along the previously mapped buried faults is a proof that the method can provide information about the alteration source.
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Jung, Hahn Chul. "Wetland Hydrodynamics Using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, Remote Sensing, and Modeling." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1291661296.
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Ly, Jennifer K. "Coastal change analysis of Lovells Island using high resolution ground based LiDAR imagery." Thesis, University of Massachusetts Boston, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1566549.
Full textAbstract:
<p> Many methods have been employed to study coastline change. These methods range from historical map analysis to GPS surveys to modern airborne LiDAR and satellite imagery. These previously used methods can be time consuming, labor intensive, and expensive and have varying degrees of accuracy and temporal coverage. Additionally, it is often difficult to apply such techniques in direct response to an isolated event within an appropriate temporal framework. Here we utilize a new ground based Canopy Biomass LiDAR (CBL) system built at The University of Massachusetts Boston (in collaboration with the Rochester Institute of Technology) in order to identify and analyze coastal change on Lovells Island, Boston Harbor. Surveys of a bluff developing in an eroding drumlin and beach cusps on a high-energy cobble beach on Lovells Island were conducted in June, September and December of 2013. At each site for each survey, the CBL was set up and multiple scans of each feature were taken on a predetermined transect that was established parallel to the high-water mark at distances relative to the scale of the bluff and cusps. The scans from each feature were compiled, integrated and visualized using Meshlab. Results from our surveys indicate that the highly portable and easy to deploy CBL system produces images of exceptional clarity, with the capacity to resolve small-scale changes to coastal features and systems. The CBL, while still under development (and coastal surveying protocols with it are just being established), appears to be an ideal tool for analyzing coastal geological features and is anticipated to prove to be a useful tool for the observation and analysis of coastal change. Furthermore, there is significant potential for utilizing the low cost ultra-portable CBL in frequent deployments to develop small-scale erosion rate and sediment budget analyses.</p>
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Silva, Francisco Heury Fernandes da. "Estudo geolÃgico-estrutural e sensoriamento remoto como contribuiÃÃo a hidrogeologia de terrenos cristalinos no distrito de JuÃ-CE." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2209.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a sul do MunicÃpio de IrauÃuba, englobando o distrito de JuÃ, em uma Ãrea de 130kmÂ. A RegiÃo Nordeste do Brasil, especificamente no do Estado do CearÃ, Ã marcada, geralmente, pelo clima seco e distribuiÃÃo irregular da
quadra chuvosa. A captaÃÃo de Ãgua subterrÃnea, muitas vezes, à a Ãnica alternativa para suprir a falta deste recurso quando a estiagem prolongada compromete o abastecimento. Tendo em vista minimizar os erros inerentes da locaÃÃo de um poÃo realizou-se a anÃlise em detalhe das estruturas rÃpteis que afetam os terrenos prÃcambrianos. Litologicamente à constituÃda por rochas Ãgneas e metamÃrficas pertencentes as unidades Pelito-CarbonÃtica e MigmatÃtica. As rochas destas unidades foram submetidas a retrabalhamentos durante o Evento Brasiliano, registrando estruturas dÃcteis e rÃpteis. Nestes terrenos configura-se o âdomÃnio hidrogeolÃgico do cristalinoâ, com a ocorrÃncia de Ãgua subterrÃnea condicionada por estruturas rÃpteis que podem estar interconectadas, e adquirir porosidade secundÃria capaz de facilitar a percolaÃÃo e o armazenamento de fluidos. A caracterizaÃÃo estrutural das feiÃÃes rÃpteis, em escala de detalhe, foi realizada por meio da tÃcnica do âmetro linearâ. O estudo de imagens de sensoriamento remoto consistiu na aplicaÃÃo de tÃcnicas de
processamento digital. De forma complementar, utilizou-se a geofÃsica terrestre atravÃs do caminhamento eletromagnÃtico. As direÃÃes de alinhamentos estruturais obtidas pela interpretaÃÃo das imagens de satÃlite sÃo compatÃveis com os resultados da interpretaÃÃo dos dados de fraturas, estudadas nas rochas. As principais famÃlias de fraturas identificadas sÃo a N-S e E-W, secundariamente, NE-SW e NW-SE. O uso da geofÃsica terrestre revelou zonas condutivas relacionada à presenÃa de fraturas em subsuperfÃcie. Com a integraÃÃo dos dados gerados foram selecionadas duas Ãreas potencialmente
importantes para exploraÃÃo hidrogeolÃgica, correspondentes as concentraÃÃes C-01, norte de Juà e C-04 nas imediaÃÃes de JuÃ.<br>This research was carried out in a 130 km2 area, in the Juà village, south of the IrauÃuba town. The Northeast of Brazil, specially the countryside, is marked by arid climate and irregular distribution of rain. The captation of groundwater is normally the only solution to provide water during dry weather. To minimize the natural errors that occur during the location of a well we made detailed analysis of the reptile structures that affect the
Precambrian terrains. Lithologically it is constituted by igneous and metamorphic rocks belonging to the Migmatitic and Pelitic-Carbonatic Units. These rocks were reworked
during the Brasilian Event, which registered both ductile and ruptile structures. In these terrains the âhydrological domain of the crystallineâ is represented, in which the
groundwater is controlled by ruptile structures that may be interconnected to the point of acquiring enough secondary porosity to facilitate the percolation and the storing of
fluids. The structural characterization of these ruptile features was made in a detailed scale by means of the âlinear-meterâ technique. The remote sensing images study
consisted on the application of digital processing techniques, as well as terrestrial geophysics by means of electromagnetic profiles. The structural trends obtained by
satellite images are compatible with the results taken from fracturing data. The main fracture sets are N-S and E-W and secondarily, NE-SW and NW-SE. Geophysical studies revealed conductive zones related to the presence of subsurface fractures. Data integration led to two potentially important areas for hydrogeological exploration, which correspond to the C-01 (north of JuÃ) and C-04 (JuÃ) concentrations.
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Yetkin, Erdem. "Alteration Identification By Hyperspectral Remote Sensing In Sisorta Gold Prospect (sivas-turkey)." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611049/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Imaging spectrometry data or hyperspectral imagery acquired using airborne systems have been used in the geologic community since the early 1980&rsquo<br>s and represent a mature technology. The solar spectral range 0.4&ndash<br>2.5 &<br>#956<br>m provides abundant information about hydroxyl-bearing minerals, sulfates and carbonates common to many geologic units and hydrothermal alteration assemblages. Satellite based Hyperion image data is used to implement and test hyperspectral processing techniques to identify alteration minerals and associate the results with the geological setting. Sisorta gold prospect is characterized by porphyry related epithermal and mesothermal alteration zones that are mapped through field studies. Image specific corrections are applied to obtain error free image data. Extensive field mapping and spectroscopic survey are used to identify nine endmembers from the image. Partial unmixing techniques are applied and used to assess the endmembers. Finally the spectral correlation mapper is used to map the endmembers which are kaolinite, dickite, halloysite, illite, montmorillonite and alunite as clay group and hematite, goethite and jarosite as the iron oxide group. The clays and iron oxides are mapped with approximately eighty percent accuracy. The study introduces an image specific algorithm for alteration minerals identification and discusses the outcomes within the geological perspective.
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Ibrahim, Hani A. M. "Applied geomorphology in Northeast Egypt with special reference to ground problems and application of remote sensing." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328925.
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Atallah, Nidal Walid. "An investigation of the origin of Rock City and cause of piping problems at Mountain Lake, Giles County, Virginia." Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1555299.
Full textAbstract:
<p> Mountain Lake is one of only two natural lakes in the state of Virginia. The lake's origin has been attributed to either a natural solution-collapse basin, or to a landslide damming the valley of northwesterly flowing Pond Drain, or to a NW-SE trending fracture lineation. The lake is located within the breached northwest limb of a gently plunging anticline, a part of the larger Valley and Ridge physiographic province. In recent years, the lake drained almost completely, exposing the lake bottom and revealing the presence of four sinkhole-like depressions, containing piping holes at their sides and bottoms, at the northeastern and northwestern margins of the lake. This study focuses on the most likely origin of large sandstone blocks present at the northern end of the lake in an area locally referred to as "Rock City", including mapping of the block locations and analyzing the mode and extent of displacement that they have undergone. An additional objective is to investigate the piping potential of the lake-bottom sediment and its role in seepage out of the lake basin causing lake-level fluctuations. </p><p> Mapping of Rock City was conducted by taking GPS readings at the corners of the rock blocks and using ArcMap Software. Investigations of the displacement mode of the rock blocks was done by comparing the measured orientations of principal discontinuity sets, forming the rock-block boundaries, with discontinuity orientations of undisturbed outcrops within the headscarp, using stereonet analysis. Grain size analysis, Atterberg limits, and a compaction-mold permeameter test were used to evaluate lake sediment's susceptibility to piping. </p><p> Field observations and discontinuity data analysis indicate that Rock City is a landslide that dammed the valley of Pond Drain, consequently forming the lake. The primary mode of slope movement involves lateral spreading that is associated with extension occurring along discontinuities. The Tuscarora Sandstone rock blocks comprising Rock City were detached from the scarp face along a northwest-southeast trending joint set and were displaced laterally towards the west. A seismic event appears to be the most likely triggering mechanism for slope movement. </p><p> Laboratory testing reveals that lake-bottom sediment is susceptible to piping, which is the primary mechanism responsible for the formation of the lake-bed depressions and lake-levels fluctuations. Grain size analysis reveals that lake-bottom sediment consists predominantly of fine sand and silt, both of which are highly susceptible to piping. Results of the compaction-mold permeameter test show that the hydraulic gradient at which lake-bottom sediment starts to pipe, the critical hydraulic gradient, ranges between 1 and 10, depending on the density, grain size distribution and cohesive properties of the sediment.</p>
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Poulton, Mary Moens 1962. "EXTRACTION OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE GEOLOGIC INFORMATION FROM DIGITAL IMAGES OF THE PROPOSED ARIZONA SUPERCONDUCTING SUPER COLLIDER SITES (REMOTE SENSING)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276424.
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Brimicombe, A. J. "The application of geomorphological triangular databases in geotechnical engineering." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207157.
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Bischoff, Kristen L. "Examination of Water Drilling Success Rate Using Satellite Imagery in the Central Plateau Region, Haiti." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1210703963.
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Rahman, FM Arifur. "USING SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS TO ASSESS SUSPENDED SEDIMENT, ALGAL AND CYANOBACTERIA COMPOSITION IN LAKE ONTARIO." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1626455092080768.
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Ethier, Martin. "Re-interpretation of the geology of the Cape Breton Highlands using combined remote sensing and geological databases." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58423.pdf.
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Weghorst, Pamela L. "MODIS algorithm assessment and principal component analysis of chlorophyll concentration in Lake Erie." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1215460385.
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Stolz, Tara Alexandra. "Geological Mapping of Orhon, Tariat, and Egiin Dawaa, Central Mongolia, through the Interpretation of Remote Sensing Data." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1221081955.
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Van, der Merwe Hendrik Naude. "Remote sensing driven lithological discrimination within nappes of the Naukluft Nappe Complex, Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97147.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Geological remote sensing is a powerful tool for lithological discrimination, especially in arid regions with
minimal vegetative cover to obscure rock exposures. Commercial multispectral imaging satellites provide a
broad spectral range with which to target specific rock types. Landsat ETM+ (7), ASTER, and SPOT 5
multispectral images were acquired and digitally processed: band ratioing, principle components analysis,
and maximum likelihood supervised classification. The sensors were evaluated on the ability to discriminate
between sedimentary rocks in a structurally complex setting. The study focusses on the formations of the
Naukluft Nappe Complex, Namibia.
Previous work of the area had to be consulted in order to identify the main target rock types. Dolomite,
limestone, quartzite, and shale were determined to make up the majority of rock types in the area. Landsat,
ASTER, and SPOT 5 imagery were acquired and pre-processed. Each was subjected to transform
techniques: band ratios and PCA. Band ratios were tailored to highlighted target rock types as well as a
number of control ratios to ensure the integrity of important ratios. PCA components were inspected to find
the most useful ones which were combined into FCCs. Transform results, expert knowledge, and a
geological map were consulted to identify training and accuracy samples for the supervised classifications.
All three classifications made use of the same set of training and accuracy samples to facilitate useful
comparisons.
Transform results were promising for Landsat and ASTER images, while SPOT 5 struggled. The limited
spectral resolution of SPOT 5 limited its use for identifying target rock types, with the superior spatial
resolution contributing very little. Landsat benefitted from good spectral resolution. This allowed for good
performance with highlighting limestone and dolomite, while being less successful with shale. Quartzite was
a real problem as the spectral resolution of Landsat could not cover this range as well. ASTER, having the
highest spectral resolution, could distinguish between all four target rock types. Landsat and ASTER results
suffered in areas where formations were relatively thin (smaller than sensor spatial resolution).
The supervised classification results were similar to the transforms in that both Landsat and ASTER provided
useful results, while SPOT 5 failed to yield definitive results. Accuracy assessment determined that ASTER
performed the best at 98.72%. Landsat produced an accuracy of 93.29% while SPOT 5 was 80.17%
accuracy. Landsat completely overestimated the amount of quartzite present, while all results classified
significant proportions Quaternary sediments as shale. Limestone was well represented in even the poorest
results, while dolomite usually struggled in areas where it was in close association with quartzite. Silica yields
relatively strong responses in the TIR spectrum which could lead to misclassification of dolomite, which also
has strong TIR signatures.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geologiese afstandswaarneming is 'n kragtige tegniek vir litologiese diskriminasie, veral in droë streke met
minimale plantbedekking om dagsome te verduister. Kommersiële multispektrale satelliete beelde bied 'n
breë spektrale reeks waarmee spesifieke gesteentetipes geteiken kan word. Landsat ETM + (7), ASTER, en
SPOT 5 multispektrale beelde was bekom en digitaal verwerk: bandverhoudings, hoofkomponente-ontleding,
en maksimum waarskynlikheid klassifikasie. Die sensors is geëvalueer op hul vermoë om te onderskei
tussen sedimentêre gesteentes in 'n struktureel komplekse omgewing. Die studie fokus op die formasies van
die Naukluft Dekblad Kompleks, Namibië.
Vorige werk van die area was geraadpleeg om die hoofgesteentetipes te identifiseer. Dit was bepaal dat
dolomiet, kalksteen, kwartsiet, en skalie die oorgrote meerderheid van kliptipes in area opgemaak het.
Landsat, ASTER, en SPOT 5 beelde is verkry en voorverwerk. Elke beeld was onderwerp aan
transformasietegnieke: bandverhoudings en hoofkomponente-ontleding. Bandverhoudings is aangepas om
teiken rotstipes uit te lig asook 'n aantal kontrole bandverhoudings om die integriteit van belangrike
verhoudings te verseker. Hoofkomponente-ontleding komponente is ondersoek om die mees bruikbares te
vind en dié was gekombineer in valse kleur samestellings. Transformasie resultate, deskundige kennis, en 'n
geologiese kaart was geraadpleeg om opleidings- en verwysingsmonsters was verkry vanaf die beelde vir
die klassifikasies. Al drie klassifikasies gebruik gemaak van dieselfde stel van die opleiding- en
akkuraatheidsmonsters om sodoende betekenisvolle vergelykings te verseker.
Transformasie resultate is belowend vir Landsat en ASTER beelde, terwyl SPOT 5 minder bruikbaar was.
Die noue spektrale resolusie van SPOT 5 beperk die gebruik daarvan vir die identifisering van teiken
gesteentetipes terwyl die hoë ruimtelike resolusie baie min bydra. Landsat het voordeel getrek uit goeie
spektrale resolusie. Dit goeie resultate opgelwer met die klem op kalksteen en dolomiet, terwyl skalie
aansienlik swakker resultate opgelewer het. Kwartsiet was 'n werklike probleem omdat die spektrale
resolusie van Landsat nie breed genoeg was om hierdie kliptipe te onderskei nie. ASTER, met die hoogste
spektrale resolusie, kon onderskei tussen al vier teiken rotstipes. Landsat en ASTER resultate was baie
negatief beïnvloed in gebiede waar formasies relatief dun was (kleiner as sensor ruimtelike resolusie).
Die klassifikasie resultate was soortgelyk aan die transformasies in dat beide Landsat en ASTER nuttige
resultate opgelewer het, terwyl SPOT 5 misluk het. Akkuraatheids assessering het bepaal dat ASTER die
beste gevaar het met 98,72%. Landsat het 'n akkuraatheid van 93,29% opgelewer, terwyl SPOT 5 80,17%
akkuraat was. Landsat het die hoeveelheid kwartsiet heeltemal oorskat, terwyl al die resultate groot
hoeveelhede Kwaternêre sedimente as skalie geklassifiseer het. Kalksteen is goed verteenwoordig in tot die
armste resultate, terwyl resultate gewoonlik afgeneem het waar dolomiet in noue verband met kwartsiet was.
Dit is moontlik asgevolg van silika se relatiewe sterk reaksies in die termiese infra-rooi spektrum wat kan lei
tot die foutiewe klassifisering met dolomiet (wat ook sterk reageer in die TIR spektrum).
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Judice, Taylor J. "Detecting Color-Producing Pigments in the Indian River Lagoon by Remote Sensing." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1566402904063089.
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Bradford, Matt. "Mapping clay alteration across the northern Goldstrike property using spectroscopy and remote sensing, Eureka County, Nevada." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1216923357.
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Brailo, Courtney M. "A Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR) and Global Positioning System (GPS) Study of the Truckee Meadows, NV. Quaternary Fault Mapping with ArcGIS, 3D Visualization and Computational Block Modeling of the Greater Reno area." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10126167.
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<p> The Truckee Meadows (Reno, NV) sits in a tectonically complex area of western Nevada, where Walker Lane-style transtension is dominant throughout the region. A new Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) study focuses on the Truckee Meadows region of western Nevada, including the Reno/Sparks metropolitan area in Washoe County. We use the airborne LiDAR imagery (1485 sq. km) to create high quality, bare-earth topographic maps that were previously unattainable in vegetated, populated or alpine terrain. This approach gives us an opportunity to improve fault maps that may be outdated or incomplete in the area. Here we provide LiDAR imagery of a large section of Washoe County and an updated fault map of the greater Truckee Meadows region. </p><p> We also use this new LiDAR survey of the Truckee Meadows and nearby basins to constrain geometry, length, distribution, and slip rates along faults imaged by this new dataset. Estimated slip rates are compared to those derived from a geodetic block model constrained by Global Positioning Station (GPS) data to test for consistency. GPS station data and geologic mapping show that both east-west oriented extension and northwest-oriented right-lateral strike slip accommodate transtension as a backdrop for tectonics studies of region, with some northeast-oriented left-lateral strike slip. This study aims to better understand how this transtension is partitioned along remapped faults and newly identified structures in this urban setting, as the framework for strain accommodation in this area remains poorly understood. </p><p> Faults with normal offset were measured along strike using bare-earth LiDAR returns to determine the amount of vertical separation across geomorphic surfaces, and then converted to extension assuming a fault dip of 60 (+/-10) degrees. Since the primary geomorphic surfaces in this region are the result of Sierra Nevadan glacial outwash episodes, we use previously published geologic maps to link each surface to an associated date. When integrated across several basin perpendicular transects within the Mt. Rose pediment, we calculate a total extension rate of 0.87 (+0.40/-0.48) mm/yr for the southern Truckee Meadows basin. Integrated slip rates from fault scarp offsets are within the bounds of 1.23 (+/-0.70) mm/yr suggested by geodetic modeling. Block modeling highlights that north-striking faults primarily accommodate east-west extension, and so northwest-striking faults and/or block rotations must accommodate the northwest-directed shear seen in GPS velocities. This trend is bolstered by the discovery of a new northwest-oriented fault on Peavine Mountain 6 km east of the Mogul (2008) seismicity trend. Our study provides further evidence that the Truckee Meadows sits at a critical transition from north-striking normal faults in the southern part of the basin to northwest-oriented strike-slip faults to the north, an observation that mimics regional tectonics and geomorphology of the adjacent Lake Tahoe/Truckee system to the west.</p>
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Voytenko, Denis. "Glaciological Applications of Terrestrial Radar Interferometry." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5856.
Full textAbstract:
Terrestrial Radar Interferometry (TRI) is a relatively new ground-based technique that combines the precision and spatial resolution of satellite interferometry with the temporal resolution of GPS. Although TRI has been applied to a variety of fields including bridge and landslide monitoring, it is ideal for studies of the highly-dynamic terminal zones of marine-terminating glaciers, some of which are known to have variable velocities related to calving and/or ocean-forced melting. My TRI instrument is the Gamma Portable Radar Interferometer, which operates at 17.2 GHz (1.74 cm wavelength), has two receiving antennas for DEM (digital elevation model) generation, and images the scenes at minute-scale sampling rates. Most of this TRI work has focused on two glaciers: Breiðamerkurjökull in Iceland and Helheim in Greenland. Monitoring the displacement of stationary points suggests velocity measurement uncertainties related to the instrument and atmosphere of less than 0.05 m/d. I show that the rapid sampling rate of the TRI can be used to observe velocity variations at the glacier terminus and assess the impact and spatial distribution of tidal forcing. Additionally, iceberg tracking in the amplitude imagery may provide insight about ocean currents near the terminus.
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Bartholomew, Lee Marston. "Terrestrial Application of the Phycocyanin Content Algorithm." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1288643543.
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Lau, Ian Christopher. "Regolith-landform and mineralogical mapping of the White Dam Prospect, eastern Olary Domain, South Australia, using integrated remote sensing and spectral techniques." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37972.
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The research contained within this thesis was directed at examining the spectral properties of regolith-dominated terrains using airborne and proximal hyperspectral instruments. The focus of the investigation was to identify the mineralogy of the regolith and determine if surficial materials were indicative of the underlying bedrock in the regolithdominated terrain of the eastern Olary Domain, South Australia. The research area was constrained to a 250 km2 area around the Cu-Au mineralisation of the White Dam Prosect. Integrated remote sensing, using airborne hyperspectral datasets (HyMap), Landsat imagery and gamma-ray spectroscopy data, was performed to map regolith-landforms and extract information on surficial materials. Detailed calibration of the HyMap dataset, using a modified model-based/empirical line calibration technique, was required prior to information extraction. The White Dam area was able to be divided into: alluvial regolith-dominated; in situ regolith-dominated; and bedrock-dominated terrains, based on mineralogical interpretations of the regolith, using the remotely sensed hyperspectral data. Alluvial regions were characterised by large abundances of vegetation and soils with a hematite-rich mineralogy. Highly weathered areas of in situ material were discriminated by the presence of goethite and kaolinite of various crystallinities, whereas the bedrock-dominated regions displayed white mica-/muscovite-rich mineralogy. Areas flanking bedrock exposures commonly consisted of shallow muscovite-rich soils containing regolith carbonate accumulations. Traditional mineral mapping processes were performed on the HyMap data and were able to extract endmembers of regolith and other surficial materials. The Mixture Tuned Matched Filter un-mixing process was successful at classifying regolith materials and minerals. Spectral indices performed on masked data were effective at identifying the key regolith mineralogical features of the HyMap imagery and proved less time consuming than un-mixing processes. Processed HyMap imagery was able to identify weathering halos, highlighted in mineralogical changes, around bedrock exposures. Proximal spectral measurements and XRD analyses of samples collected from the White Dam Prospect were used to create detailed mineralogical dispersion maps of the surface and costean sections. Regolith materials of the logged sections were found to correlate with the spectrally-derived mineral dispersion profiles. The HyLogger drill core scanning instrument was used to examine the mineralogy of the fresh bedrock, which contrasted with the weathering-derived near-surface regolith materials. The overall outcomes of the thesis showed that hyperspectral techniques were useful for charactering the mineralogy of surficial materials and mapping regolith-landforms.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2004.
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Bantam, Rashad Azdy. "Geology and sedimentary environments of Farasan Bank (Saudi Arabia), southern Red Sea : a combined remote sensing and field study." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420730.
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Avcioglu, Emre. "Hydrocarbon Microseepage Mapping Via Remote Sensing For Gemrik Anticline, Bozova Oil Field, Adiyaman, Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612639/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrocarbon (HC) microseepages can be indicator of possible reservoirs. For that
reason, mapping the microseepages has potential to be used in petroleum exploration.
This study presents a methodology for mapping HC microseepages and related clay
mineral alteration in Gemrik Anticline, Adiyaman. For this purpose samples were
collected from the potential seepage zones and tested by geochemical analysis. All
samples were found to contain some HC. Then, an ASTER image of the region was
obtained and a band combination was generated to map this particular region. To
map related clay mineral alteration, firstly reflectance spectra of samples were
measured using field spectrometer. Secondly, spectrally-known samples were
analyzed in USGS Library to determine the reflectance spectra of the constitutional
clay minerals in the samples. Lastly, the reflectance characteristics of selected end
v
members were represented as ASTER band combinations based on their spectral
absorption characteristics and literature information. Crosta Technique was used to
determine required principal components to map HC microseepage and related clay
mineral alteration. Then, this methodology is applied to the whole ASTER image.
Ground truth study showed that more than 65% of the revisited anomalies show
similar prospects to that of the referenced anticline regardless of their geochemical
content. In order to certify the ASTER band combination for mapping HC
microseepages, anomalous and non-anomalous pixels were selected from the
resultant HC map and given as training data samples to AdaBoost loop which is an
image processing algorithm. It has been found that ASTER band combination
offered for mapping HC microseepages is similar to that of AdaBoost Algorithm
output.
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Demchuk, Robert W. "Detailed Mapping of Lava Flows in Syrtis Major Planum, Mars." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1617806602421614.
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Cline, Michael T. Jr. "Analysis of Coincident HICO and Airborne Hyperspectral Images Over Lake Erie Western Basin HABs." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1470324418.
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Caetano, Norton Roberto. "Procedimentos metodológicos para o planejamento de obras e usos : uma abordagem geotécnica e geoambiental /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102869.
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Orientador: Juércio Tavares de Mattos<br>Banca: Jairo Roberto Jiménez-Rueda<br>Banca: Carlos de Almeida Nóbrega<br>Banca: Oswaldo Augusto Filho<br>Banca: Archimedes Perez Filho<br>Resumo: O crescimento e adensamento populacionais fazem com que sejam explorados cada vez mais recursos naturais e disponibilizada uma maior infra-estrutura para viabilizar este mesmo desenvolvimento. Necessita-se de mais áreas para implantação de rodovias, aterros sanitários, dutovias, loteamentos, entre outras obras e usos. Sendo assim os profissionais da geologia de engenharia encontram-se frente aos desafios de avaliar áreas, suas condicionantes e limitações para a implantação destas obras e usos. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de sistematizar um conjunto de procedimentos e técnicas que possibilitem alcançar dados e informações necessárias e úteis ao planejamento destas obras e usos. Na primeira etapa de fotointerpretação são usadas imagens do ETM+/Landsat-7, segundo o mapeamento geoambiental, para a obtenção das unidades geoambientais e suas características, da morfoestrutura e do fraturamento da área (traços de juntas e lineamentos estruturais). A segunda etapa consiste em visitar em campo as unidades geoambientais, a fim de se realizar ensaios expeditos de física de solos e mecânica de rochas, além de se coletar amostras indeformadas e deformadas para análises em laboratório. A terceira etapa consiste em ensaiar as amostras coletadas em campo segundo os métodos tradicionais da mecânica de solos, a fim de se caracterizar o material. As informações obtidas nessas três fases, quando reunidas, processadas ou integradas, geram importantes subsídios aos planejadores de obras de infra-estrutura. Os resultados denotam que o procedimento adotado possui repetitividade e reprodutibilidade, além de alta confiabilidade, rapidez e baixo custo relativo, mostrando-se adequados ao planejamento e definição de obras de infra-estrutura.<br>Abstract: The population growth made the explored natural resources more and more a larger infrastructure to make possible this same development. More areas are needed for highways implantation, sanitary embankments, pipes, divisions into lots, between other workmanships and uses. Being the geotechnical professionals is like this front to the challenges of evaluating areas, its limitations for the implantation workmanships and uses. The the objective of the present work is systematizing a group of techniques that result in necessary and useful information to the planning workmanships and uses. To test this procedure the area it was adopted understood among parallel 22º15þS to 22º30þS and the meridians 46º45þW to 47º00þW. This is the area on the topographical map IBGE 1:50.000 Moji-Guaçu. The procedure consists of fotointerpretation of images ETM+/Landsat-7, according to the geoenvironment mapping, to obtaining the geoenvironmental units and its characteristics, the morfostructure map and the fractures map (lines of strikes and structural lineaments). The information of land use and land cover is obtained starting from the semiautomatic mapping of the images ETM+/Landsat-7. Those information, when gathered, processed or integrated, it generate important subsidies to the planners of infrastructure works. The results denotes that the adopted procedure can be repeated and reproduced, besides high reliability, speed and low relative cost, being shown appropriate to the planning and definition infrastructure workmanships and uses.<br>Doutor
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Link, Adam John. "Identifying Potential Patterns of Wildfires in California in Relation to Soil Moisture using Remote Sensing." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu158646328387007.
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Bradford, Matthew S. "Mapping Clay Alteration Across the Northern Goldstrike Property Using Spectroscopy and Remote Sensing, Eureka County, Nevada." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1216923357.
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