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Journal articles on the topic 'Geology, Structural Tasmania, Northern'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Cotching, W. E., J. Cooper, L. A. Sparrow, B. E. McCorkell, and W. Rowley. "Effects of agricultural management on dermosols in northern Tasmania." Soil Research 40, no. 1 (2002): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr01006.

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Attributes of 15 Tasmanian dermosols were assessed using field and laboratory techniques to determine changes associated with 3 typical forms of agricultural management: long-term pasture, cropping with shallow tillage using discs and tines, and cropping (including potatoes) with more rigorous and deeper tillage including deep ripping and powered implements. Soil organic carbon in the surface 75 mm was 7.0&percnt; under long-term pasture compared with 4.3&percnt; and 4.2&percnt; in cropped paddocks. Microbial biomass carbon concentrations were 217 mg&sol;kg, 161 mg&sol;kg, and 139 mg&sol;kg, respectively. These differences were negatively correlated with the number of years cropped. Greater bulk densities were found in the surface layer of cropped paddocks but these were not associated with increased penetration resistance or decreased infiltration rate and are unlikely to impede root growth. Long-term pasture paddocks showed stronger structural development and had smaller clods than cropped paddocks. Vane shear strength and penetration resistance were lower in cropped paddocks than under long-term pasture. Many soil attributes showed no significant differences associated with management. Including potatoes in the rotation did not appear to affect these dermosols, which indicates a degree of robustness in these soils. clay loams, organic carbon, soil strength, aggregate stability, land management, cropping.

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2

Direen, N. G., and D. E. Leaman. "Geophysical Modelling of Structure and Tectonostratigraphic History of the Longford Basin, Northern Tasmania." Exploration Geophysics 28, no. 1-2 (1997): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg997029.

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3

Direen, N. G., and M. J. Roach. "Geophysical Indicators of Controls on Soil Salinisation and Implications, Longford Basin, Northern Tasmania." Exploration Geophysics 28, no. 1-2 (1997): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg997034.

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4

Van Moort, J. C., and D. W. Russell. "Electron spin resonance of auriferous and barren quartz at Beaconsfield, Northern Tasmania." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 27, no. 1-2 (1987): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(87)90021-5.

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5

Van Moort, J. C., and D. W. Russell. "Electron spin resonance of auriferous and barren quartz at beaconsfield, Northern Tasmania." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 27, no. 3 (1987): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(87)90153-1.

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6

Leaman, D. E., and R. G. Richardson. "Production of a residual gravity field map for Tasmania and some implications." Exploration Geophysics 20, no. 2 (1989): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg989181.

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The substantial gravity data base in Tasmania has been used to formulate a regional crustal model. This was derived by array modelling techniques for geological sources of crustal scale. A simultaneous solution for mantle, basement and granite forms was created by this means within a framework of realistic and internally consistent assumptions. The regional field derived from this geological model (including the ocean basins) is not dependent on any filtering or smoothing procedure and thus the magnitude and sign of any residuals is absolute. The residual map was produced by removing the effect of the crustal model at individual data points. The resultant map enables detailed and reliable modelling of upper crustal features as well as revealing crustal character hitherto concealed beneath post Carboniferous cover. An important example of the value of the residual separation is shown by the structural relationships exposed in NE Tasmania which involve gold mineralisation.

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7

de Salas, Miguel F., Matthew L. Baker, Lynette Cave, and Gintaras Kantvilas. "The botany of the Stony Head Training Area: new records for a biodiverse remnant in northern Tasmania, Australia." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 134, no. 2 (2023): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs22003.

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A flora survey of the Stony Head Training Area, northern Tasmania, was conducted in 2020&#x2013;2021 as a collaboration between the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery&#x2019;s Expeditions of Discovery and the Australian Biological Resources Study Bush Blitz programs. With a long historical use as an artillery range, the 5000-ha area contains a range of geologies, has a low profile with average elevations under 100 m asl, and its vegetation consists largely of heathy woodlands and coastal heathlands. It contains a range of relatively undisturbed, high-quality native habitats and populations of several threatened species. The survey targeted vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens, and recorded a total of 575 taxa. Nine lichens are new records for Tasmania &#x2014; <i>Buellia hypostictella</i>, <i>Caloplaca gilfillaniorum</i>, <i>Cladonia subradiata</i>, <i>Graphis geraensis</i>, <i>Lecanora intumescens</i> and <i>Opegrapha diaphoriza</i> &#x2014; all previously also known from mainland Australia, and <i>Micarea rhabdogena</i>, <i>M. xanthonica</i> and <i>Pseudothelomma ocellatum</i>, which represent first records for the Southern Hemisphere. Biogeographical and ecological patterns in the flora, the contribution of vegetation remnants to flora conservation, and the ongoing importance of surveys and alpha-taxonomy for documenting biodiversity are discussed. Our findings are consistent with a body of research showing a trend of healthy populations of threatened taxa within military training areas.

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8

MORLEY, C. K., N. SANGKUMARN, T. B. HOON, C. CHONGLAKMANI, and J. LAMBIASE. "Structural evolution of the Li Basin, northern Thailand." Journal of the Geological Society 157, no. 2 (2000): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs.157.2.483.

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9

Fossen, Haakon, and Jonny Hesthammer. "Structural geology of the Gullfaks Field, northern North Sea." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 127, no. 1 (1998): 231–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1998.127.01.16.

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10

Bendall, M. R., J. K. Volkman, D. E. Leaman, and C. F. Burrett. "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN EXPLORATION FOR OIL IN TASMANIA." APPEA Journal 31, no. 1 (1991): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj90007.

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Recent work on oil seeps, organic geochemistry, geophysics, structural geology and palaeontology suggests that there is considerable potential for onshore petroleum in Tasmania.Archival research has shown that hydrocarbon seeps were commonly reported in the first half of this century and that wildcats produced gas (at Port Sorell in the north) and oil (at Johnson's Well on Bruny Island, in the south). Almost all of the 270 historical hydrocarbon occurrences lie on lineaments revealed independently by gravity and magnetic surveys. The thermal maturity of conodonts from Ordovician and Siluro-Devonian carbonates suggests that much of the pre-Upper Carboniferous beneath the Tabberabberan unconformity is within the oil and gas windows.Organic geochemistry reveals a very close similarity between hydrocarbons from Ordovician limestones, those from the drill site at Bruny Island and with tar samples from the Tasmanian coast, but little similarity with the Permian Tasmanite Oil Shale, or with the Gippsland crudes and botryococcane-rich South Australian bitumens. The predominance of C27 steranes in Tasmanian bitumens suggests a widespread algal source and the abundant diasteranes imply a clay or silt-rich source that extends across much of Tasmania.Recent geophysical and structural work suggests that a thin skinned interpretation of Tasmania's structure is reasonable. Most sightings of hydrocarbons are associated with either faults or fractures which have post-Jurassic displacements or with intersections of major high angle faults with thrusts. The delineation of reservoirs within the thrust sheets is a priority.

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11

Corbett, Michael, Sharon Fraser, Robyn Reaburn, Heidi Smith, Janine Roberts, and Jill Fielding-Wells. "Building A New Generation: Community Expectations On Raising Aspirations In Rural Tasmania." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 27, no. 3 (2017): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v27i3.139.

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This paper analyses a community-based educational program involving private and public sector partners instituted in a small city in northern Tasmania. The program represents part of a state-wide initiative to challenge the persistence of structural educational disadvantage and what is understood to be an entrenched â€œcultureâ€ that is insufficiently attuned to the necessity of further education. In this paper, we analyse this program from the perspective of key community partners drawing on a series of semi-structured interviews. We offer an analytic framework that suggests an integrated approach to thinking about supporting educational achievement, attainment and retention in regional Australia. It is our view while there is much that regional communities struggling with change can learn from this program, there are conceptual limitations in the way the problem of educational achievement is understood that should be enhanced by a more comprehensive understanding.

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12

Cotching, W. E., J. Cooper, L. A. Sparrow, B. E. McCorkell, W. Rowley, and K. Hawkins. "Effects of agricultural management on Vertosols in Tasmania." Soil Research 40, no. 8 (2002): 1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02026.

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Attributes of 21 Vertosols in 2 different regions of Tasmania were assessed using field and laboratory techniques to determine differences associated with 3 local forms of agricultural management (long-term pasture, rain-fed cropping and irrigated cropping). Vertosols in the northern Midlands had better physical properties (lesser bulk density and penetration resistance, and greater porosities and water holding capacities), poorer nutrient status (lower pH, exchangeable bases, and extractable P) and better biological properties (greater organic carbon (OC), carbon fractions F1 and F3, and more worms) than south-eastern Vertosols. When adjusted for clay content, cropped sites had less soil OC than pasture sites at 0–75 mm depth. Readily oxidisable (fraction F1) carbon in the surface 75 mm was 3.6 mg/g and 6.9 mg/g under long-term pasture compared with 2.5 mg/g and 3.9 mg/g in irrigated cropped paddocks on south-eastern and Midlands sites, respectively. Soil organic carbon values were positively correlated with physical and chemical soil properties. Long-term pasture paddocks showed stronger structural development and had smaller aggregates than cropped paddocks, which had more larger clods. Vane shear strength and penetration resistance were less in rainfed cropped paddocks compared with long-term pasture but this effect was not apparent on irrigated cropped paddocks. Farmers considered that a majority of their soil attributes were healthy under all management histories but strategies for maintaining organic matter levels and minimising clod formation by tillage are essential for long-term sustainable use of these Vertosols.

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13

Read, J. J. "Seismic reflection investigations of the Hellyer orebody and Que-Hellyer volcanics, North West Tasmania." Exploration Geophysics 20, no. 2 (1989): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg989159.

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Two separate seismic reflection surveys have been conducted over Aberfoyle Resources Hellyer orebody and the enclosing Cambrian Que-Hellyer volcanics. The initial survey, conducted as a test case to determine if seismic reflection techniques could detect massive sulphide orebodies at depth, successfully identified the Hellyer orebody, which was found to have a characteristic seismic expression. Identification and mapping of stratigraphic units within the Que-Hellyer volcanics was also possible due to the good geological control available.The second survey did not successfully identify the Hellyer orebody, although some information relating to the structure of the enclosing basin could be inferred from the seismic data. Due to data degradation conventional seismic interpretation techniques could not be applied to the second survey.High resolution seismic surveys can detect massive sulphide orebodies if low velocity overburden problems are eliminated and high frequency data is collected. High resolution surveys can also provide structural and stratigraphic information between widely spaced drill holes in volcanic terrains.

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14

Leonard, Steven W. J., and J. B. Kirkpatrick. "Effects of grazing management and environmental factors on native grassland and grassy woodland, Northern Midlands, Tasmania." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 4 (2004): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03106.

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Most remnants of lowland grassland and grassy woodland in Tasmania are grazed by sheep. In some instances, grazed remnants have high conservation value, indicating that grazing and biodiversity conservation are not necessarily conflicting management goals. However, few data exist on the management practices most conducive to maintaining conservation values. The present study examined native grassland and grassy woodland subject to seven different sheep-grazing regimes in the Northern Midlands bioregion of Tasmania and sought to identify the effects of management and environmental factors on vegetation structure and composition. Structural and compositional differences between grassland and woodland, and herbivore scat counts, suggested that grazing disturbance was more intense in grassland than in woodland. Floristic differences within the vegetation appeared to be related to differences in grazing regime. Occurrence of species not commonly observed in grassy vegetation was associated with the resting of pastures in spring, while more intensely grazed sites contained assemblages of species typical of disturbed areas. Exotic invasion was greatest at sites that were not rested and/or had higher stocking rates, and at more eroded sites. Thus, resting and/or low stocking rates were associated with good condition in the grassland and grassy woodland. The nature of differences in vegetation attributes between woodland and grassland suggests that grazer habitat preference increases the differences between these vegetation types. Relatively minor variation in grazing regime was found to have resulted in distinct floristic outcomes, suggesting that the maintenance of a range of management regimes may be conducive to the maintenance of plant species diversity at a landscape scale.

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15

Hamdoon, Alaa N. "Structural Analysis and Morphotectonic Interpretation of Ain Sifni Anticline, Northern Iraq." Iraqi Geological Journal 54, no. 2A (2021): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.54.2a.4ms-2021-07-25.

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Ain Sifni anticline is located in northern Iraq within High Folded Zone. It contains some tectonic deformations that need to study to determine the source and mechanism of these deformations concerning the geological setting of the study area. This study includes structural and morphotectonic interpretations for the Ain Sifni anticline, such as the visual & digital interpretation of satellite images and the Digital Elevation Model interpretation. These parameters are used to identify the morphogenic criteria and subsequently, to conclude a morphotectonic aspect of the deformations in the Ain Sifni anticline. Because of the regional tectonic evolution in this area, the structural and morphotectonic analysis of this anticline shows much evidence of morphological changes at the southeastern plunge area of the anticline within the Injana and Mukdadiya formations in comparison to the northwestern plunge area of the anticline. In addition, two recent water gaps have been recognized at the southeastern plunge area, one is confirmed and the other is proposed, and then a wind gap has been recognized in the middle of the anticline. A relation has been established between these morphotectonic features with the lateral propagation of the anticline towards the southeast, due to the regional tectonic deformation. A significant main fault has also been detected as a dextral strike-slip fault perpendicular to the fold axis of the anticline. This fault caused a difference in the vergency of the anticline and deformed the outcrops of formations in the study region.

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16

Hughes, Andy. "Meeting report: ANCOLD conference, Hobart, Tasmania, November 2010." Dams and Reservoirs 21, no. 1 (2011): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/dare.2011.21.1.7.

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17

Iasky, R. P., and A. J. Mory. "Structural and Tectonic Framework of the Onshore Northern Perth Basin." Exploration Geophysics 24, no. 3-4 (1993): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg993585.

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18

Špelić, Marko, Anna Del Ben, and Krešimir Petrinjak. "Structural setting and geodynamics of the Kvarner area (Northern Adriatic)." Marine and Petroleum Geology 125 (March 2021): 104857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104857.

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19

Van der Wateren, Frederik M. "Structural geology and sedimentology of the Heiligenhafen till section, Northern Germany." Quaternary Science Reviews 18, no. 14 (1999): 1625–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-3791(98)00120-6.

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20

WELLS, ALICE, KJELL ARNE JOHANSON, and PETER DOSTINE. "Why are so many species based on a single specimen?" Zoosymposia 14, no. 1 (2019): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.5.

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A considerable number of insect species, including Trichoptera, are described from a single specimen, also known as a 'unique' or a 'singleton'. We ask the question of whether this reflects failure to consider variation and related species, lack of collecting effort, or true rarity. In an attempt to answer this question we examine the available literature and data on the Trichoptera of Tasmania and New Caledonia. We note a low level of taxonomic synonymy among species in these faunas. Moreover, a significant proportion of species from Tasmania that were based originally on singletons have been re-collected subsequently, but this is not true for New Caledonia. The possible significance of these figures is considered following examination of data on diversity and abundance of Hydroptilidae collected by regular, standardised light trapping over almost two years at a northern Australian tropical stream. We conclude that quite a large proportion of the Trichoptera species based on singletons are rare, valid species, but for others the appearance of rarity may be a consequence of inadequate collecting, particular behavioural attributes of the species, including seasonality, and failure to consider fully the structural diversity of related species. Lastly, we discuss briefly the consequences of rarity, apparent or real, on conservation management.

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21

Morgan, Mark A., John Grocott, and Richard T. J. Moody. "The structural evolution of the Zaghouan-Ressas Structural Belt, northern Tunisia." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 132, no. 1 (1998): 405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1998.132.01.23.

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22

Köküm, Mehmet, and Murat İnceöz. "Structural analysis of the northern part of the East Anatolian Fault System." Journal of Structural Geology 114 (September 2018): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2018.06.016.

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23

Vetterlein, Joyce, and Gerald P. Roberts. "Structural evolution of the Northern Cerberus Fossae graben system, Elysium Planitia, Mars." Journal of Structural Geology 32, no. 4 (2010): 394–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2009.11.004.

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24

Mauffret, A., I. Contrucci, and C. Brunet. "Structural evolution of the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea from new seismic data." Marine and Petroleum Geology 16, no. 5 (1999): 381–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-8172(99)00004-5.

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25

Fitzsimons, Sean J., and Eric A. Colhoun. "Pleistocene glaciation of the King Valley, Western Tasmania, Australia." Quaternary Research 36, no. 2 (1991): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(91)90022-w.

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AbstractAnalysis of the geomorphology, geology, and palynology of deposits in the King Valley permits the identification of four glaciations and two interglaciations and has led to a revision of the Pleistocene stratigraphy of the West Coast Range. The oldest late-Cenozoic deposits in the valley appear to predate glaciation, contain extinct pollen types, and are probably of late-Tertiary age. Overlying deposits of the Linda Glaciation show intense chemical weathering and have a reversed detrital remanent magnetization indicating deposition before 730,000 yr B.P. The highly weathered tills are conformably overlain by organic deposits of the Regency Interglaciation which show a transition from montane scrub rainforest to lowland temperate rainforest. Deposits formed during the later Moore Glaciation record advances of the King Glacier and glaciers from the West Coast Range. A pollen-bearing fluvial deposit records an interstade during this glaciation. On the basis of weathering rinds, amino acid dating, and palaeomagnetism the deposits are estimated to have formed between 730,000 and 390,000 yr B.P. The Moore Glaciation deposits are overlain by sediments of the Henty Glaciation which are believed to predate 130,000 yr B.P. These deposits record multiple advances of the King Glacier and the development of a large lake during an interstade. Deposits of the subsequent Pieman Interglaciation consist of organic fine sands and silts that record a lowland scrub rainforest. Deposits of the last (Margaret) glaciation are restricted to small areas in the northern part of the valley. Although the most recent ice advance culminated after 19,000 yr B.P., evidence of older deposits of the Margaret Glaciation suggests that an early last-glaciation ice advance may have occurred. When combined with earlier studies, the recent work in the King Valley has provided one of the more complete records of Pleistocene glaciation in the Southern Hemisphere. Comparison of the deposits with the record of glaciation in southern South America and Westland, New Zealand, suggests some similarities exist between pre-last-glaciation events and indicates that glacial events in Southern Hemisphere middle latitude areas were synchronous during the last glaciation.

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26

Pedersen, Schack. "Progressive glaciotectonic deformation in Weichselian and Palaeogene deposits at Feggeklit, northern Denmark." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 42 (February 1, 1996): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1995-42-13.

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Structural analysis of the glaciotectonic deformations at Feggeklit, Mors, Denmark, provide a unique record of succesive deformation phases in a progressive glaciotectonic deformation. The Feggeklit profile displays glaciotectonically folded, thrust-faulted and sheared Palaeogene diatomite with thin volcanic ash layers, the Fur Formation, overlain by a glacigene succession. The combination of stratigraphical and structural analysis shows that the Feggeklit was affected by three glaciodynamic events. The first event is of Saalian age and is represented by the deposition of a till and the formation of a para-authochthonous glacitectonite in the top of the Fur Formation deposits. The second event is only represented by the deposition of a till, probably of Saalian age. The third event is of Late Weichselian age. It includes: 1) deposition of proglacial glaciolacustrine and -fluvial sediments, 2) the formation of a glaciotectonic unit (the Feggeklit deformation complex) and 3) deposition of a till resting on a tectonic uncon-formity formed subglacially. A detailed structural analysis of the glaciotectonic unit provides a subdivision into five succesive deformation phases. The first four phases are related to the proglacial deformation and comprise 1) anastamosing jointing, 2) conjugate faulting, 3) buckle folding and listric thrust faulting, and 4) large scale ramp thrusting. The final phase (5) is related to subglacial shear deformation and loading which produced an allochthonous diatomiteglacitectonite at the sole of the overlying lodgement till. The formation of the structural complex at Feggeklit was caused by two glaciotectonic mechanisms: 1) a proglacial gravity spreading deformation, and 2) a subglacial cataclastic shearing. The balanced cross-section of the fold structures related to the first deformation mechanism indicates that the detachment of the dislocation is situated below the base of the diatomite formation in the plastic clay at a depth of 80-100 m below the surface. Based on the glaciodynamic analysis and considerations on the dating of regional glacigenic setting the velocity of the advancing ice is estimated at 10 m per year. This advance created the gravity spreading deformation reflected in the glaciotectonic structures preserved in the Feggeklit.

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27

Moustafa, Adel R. "Structural architecture and tectonic evolution of the Maghara inverted basin, Northern Sinai, Egypt." Journal of Structural Geology 62 (May 2014): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2014.01.014.

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28

Jackson, Christopher A. ‐L, Gavin M. Elliott, Elisabeth Royce‐Rogers, Robert L. Gawthorpe, and Tor E. Aas. "Salt thickness and composition influence rift structural style, northern North Sea, offshore Norway." Basin Research 31, no. 3 (2019): 514–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bre.12332.

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29

Galli, Andrea, Neil Mancktelow, Eric Reusser, and Mark Caddick. "Structural geology and petrography of the Naret region (northern Valle Maggia, N.Ticino, Switzerland)." Swiss Journal of Geosciences 100, no. 1 (2007): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00015-007-1211-7.

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30

Fraser, KM, RD Stuart-Smith, SD Ling, FJ Heather, and GJ Edgar. "Taxonomic composition of mobile epifaunal invertebrate assemblages on diverse benthic microhabitats from temperate to tropical reefs." Marine Ecology Progress Series 640 (April 23, 2020): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13295.

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Anthropogenic drivers are flattening reef structure from 3-dimensional habitats composed of macroalgae and live branching corals towards low-profile turfing algae. Our current understanding of the consequences of widespread reef degradation currently fails to consider the responses of small mobile invertebrates (‘epifauna’) to patterns of change amongst reef structural elements (‘microhabitats’). Here, the taxonomic composition of 152 epifaunal assemblages was compared among 21 structurally diverse benthic microhabitats across an Australian temperate to tropical climatic gradient, spanning 28.6 degrees in latitude from Tasmania to the northern Great Barrier Reef. Epifauna varied consistently with different microhabitat types, and to a much lesser extent with latitude. Macroalgae, live branching coral and turfing algae represented 3 extremes for epifaunal community structure, with most microhabitats possessing epifaunal assemblages intermediate between these endpoints. Amongst structural characteristics, epifauna related primarily to the degree of branching and hardness of microhabitats. Mobile invertebrate communities are likely to transform in predictable ways with the collapse of large erect macroalgae and live coral towards low-lying turf-associated communities.

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31

Frassi, Chiara, Alessia Amorfini, Antonio Bartelletti, and Giuseppe Ottria. "Popularizing Structural Geology: Exemplary Structural Geosites from the Apuan Alps UNESCO Global Geopark (Northern Apennines, Italy)." Land 11, no. 8 (2022): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081282.

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Popularizing endogenic geological processes that act deep on the Earth during geologic time producing orogenic belts requires a great effort. Consequently, geosites dealing with structural geology are surveyed with a lower frequency. Geological structures, however, may strongly control and model the territory and/or trigger the exogenous processes responsible for a specific landform/landscape. We describe here three geosites in the Apuan Alps UNESCO Global Geopark (Tuscany, Italy) to highlight their geoheritage values. We used the classical methods applied in structural geology to conceive and design three new interpretative panels of structural geosites using simple language and graphic schemes that facilitate the understanding of geological structures. The three selected structures were produced by different deformation regimes and at different structural depths. The first geosite is the boundary between the metamorphic and non-metamorphic rocks and represents the boundary of the Apuan Alps tectonic window. The second geosite is the spectacular Mt. Forato natural arch and the third represents a beautiful example of folds. Each panel is characterized by QR codes that allow the reader to access a short geological glossary, the Apuan Alps Geopark website, and a short evaluation survey on the quality of the interpretative panel.

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32

Plesovskikh, I. A., I. I. Nesterov, L. A. Nechiporuk, and V. S. Bochkarev. "Structural features of the northern West Siberian geosyneclise and new exploration targets." Russian Geology and Geophysics 50, no. 9 (2009): 789–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2009.08.004.

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33

Turrini, Claudio, Olivier Lacombe, and François Roure. "Present-day 3D structural model of the Po Valley basin, Northern Italy." Marine and Petroleum Geology 56 (September 2014): 266–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.02.006.

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34

Smit, C. A., D. D. Van Reenen, S. McCourt, J. M. Huizenga, G. Belyanin, and N. A. Vafeas. "Hypozonal orogenic gold mineralization in the Giyani Goldfield, Northern Kaapvaal Craton/Limpopo Complex." South African Journal of Geology 122, no. 4 (2019): 455–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.122.0037.

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Abstract The paper reviews published and unpublished geological data pertaining to the structural and metamorphic controls, rock types, characteristic features, source, and timing of hypozonal orogenic gold mineralization in the Giyani Goldfield. The Giyani Goldfield includes the NW domain of the &gt;3.0 Ga Giyani greenstone belt (GGB) at the northern edge of the Kaapvaal Craton and the southern retrograde hydrated domain of the juxtaposed Southern Marginal Zone (SMZ) of the ca. 2.72 Ga Limpopo Complex (LC). Mineralization at all gold mines and gold prospects of the Giyani Goldfield is structurally controlled and closely associated with the Hout River shear zone (HRSZ) and associated smaller shear zones suggesting a specific tectonic setting. This tectonic setting is the direct consequence of thrusting the SMZ of the LC against and over the adjacent GGB at the position of the steeply north-dipping (south verging) HRSZ during the exhumation stage of the ca. 2.72 to 2.69 Ga Limpopo orogeny followed by regional retrograde hydration of the southern part of the SMZ at ca. 2.68 to 2.62 Ga. This tectonic setting offers an explanation for a deep-seated crustal source for gold and for the concentration of orogenic gold mineralization within specific structural features located within the Giyani Goldfield. This tectonic setting also explains the lithological, structural and metamorphic complexity, metasomatic alteration and post-peak metamorphic timing of gold mineralization. Finally, it provides important clues with regards to a crustal source for gold mineralizing fluids and the identification of new potential targets for gold exploration in the Giyani Goldfield.

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Labbé, N., M. García, Y. Simicic, et al. "Sediment fill geometry and structural control of the Pampa del Tamarugal basin, northern Chile." GSA Bulletin 131, no. 1-2 (2018): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b31722.1.

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Escuder-Viruete, Javier, Andrés Pérez-Estaún, Janet Gabites, and Ángela Suárez-Rodríguez. "Structural development of a high-pressure collisional accretionary wedge: The Samaná complex, Northern Hispaniola." Journal of Structural Geology 33, no. 5 (2011): 928–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2011.02.006.

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WHEELER, J. "Structural evolution of a subducted continental sliver: the northern Dora Maira massif, Italian Alps." Journal of the Geological Society 148, no. 6 (1991): 1101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.148.6.1101.

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Thannoun, Rayan. "Three Dimensional Terrain Modeling for Tectonic Geomorphology of Chinara Anticline, Northern Iraq." Iraqi Geological Journal 54, no. 1C (2021): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.54.1c.5ms-2021-03-25.

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Analysis of the terrain using three-dimensional models offers a deep insight view of ground surface topography and terrain representation. The Chinara anticline is one of the main structures of NW-SE trends for the highly folded zone in northeastern Iraq. The objective of this study is to understand the interrelationship between topography and morphotectonic features using three-dimensional models. This research employed fourth generates principal raster derivative products from the DEM using ArcGIS. To understand the undulating of this anticline with the morphotectonic style, the adaptive equation has been suggested to determine the direction and amount of the main tectonic forces, which can be applied to other undulated anticlines. The values of northeastern and southwestern limbs undulating index UI are 11.7 and 7.8 respectively that indicates the strong tectonic force towards the northeast. Two listric faults have been conducted via the field survey that confirmed by remotely sensed interpretation and DEM products. These listric faults had an intensive impact in comparison with concluded strike-slip faults, and then the Chinara anticline would be less structural undulating in a region of vicinity syncline to Perat undulation. The morphotectonic landscapes reveal that the listric fault has branched into two parts, the first one extending to form the anticline and the other comprises the structural dilemma.

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Noweir, M. Atef. "Back-thrust Origin of the Hafit Structure, Northern Oman Mountain Front, United Arab Emirates." GeoArabia 5, no. 2 (2000): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia0502215.

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ABSTRACT The Tertiary structures of the Northern Oman Mountains are marked by a discontinuous belt of jebels peripheral to their western margin. Detailed field mapping of the northern Hafit structure in the Northern Oman Mountains indicates that the structures consist of two en echelon anticlines, the main Hafit Anticline to the south, and the Al-Ain Anticline to the north. Both anticlines are related to the same deformation event. Structural analysis, using geometric balancing techniques suggests that the Hafit structure developed over a west-vergent basal thrust. The depth to detachment of the thrust indicates that the basal detachment occurs at different stratigraphic positions and progressively increases northward, while the magnitude of deformation increases southward. The thrust wedges back to the east and propagated upward through the structure during a major Tertiary deformational event resulting in an east-vergent, fault-propagation fold. The recent interpretation that the Hafit structure grew as a detachment fold above a basal decollement and synchronously with sedimentation, is at variance with structural evidence from the Hafit area. It is believed that the Hafit structure formed after the Miocene time.

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Zouhri, Lahcen, Christian Lamouroux, Daniel Vachard, and Alain Pique. "Evidence of flexural extension of the Rif foreland: The Rharb-Mamora basin (northern Morocco)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 173, no. 6 (2002): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/173.6.509.

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Abstract The Rharb-Mamora basin is the foreland of the Rif Cordillera (orogenic belt). The Mamora area (northern Morocco) is located at the southern border of the Rharb basin and intercalated between the Alpine Rif Mountains to the north and the Hercynian Moroccan Meseta domain to the south. Analysis and interpretation of seismic lines, hydrogeological and oil wells, have allowed to precise the major structural elements of the Mamora area, which is covered by late Neogene sediments. The structure of the area is controlled by faults that also affect the Paleozoic basement. The NE-SW and NW-SE trending faults induce the palaeogeographical evolution and control, the facies distribution and the thickness variations. The most important or relevant structural feature of the Mamora area is the Kenitra-Sidi-Slimane fault (K2SF) [Zouhri et al., 2001]. This fault N110oE trending is south of the Rif Alpine thrust front and is marked by a progressive deepening of its northern compartment, at least since Cretaceous time. Thus the Mamora appears as a hinge between the Rharb Basin and the Moroccan Meseta from Cretaceous to Neogene time.

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COCCO, FABRIZIO, and ANTONIO FUNEDDA. "The Sardic Phase: field evidence of Ordovician tectonics in SE Sardinia, Italy." Geological Magazine 156, no. 1 (2017): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756817000723.

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AbstractDetailed geological mapping, field observations and structural analyses demonstrate that Early Ordovician (‘Sardic’) deformation occurred in the early Palaeozoic successions that are now incorporated in the Variscan Nappe zone of SE Sardinia. This deformation is represented by folds that formed at a shallow depth, lack a significant syn-folding axial planar foliation, and do not affect the overlying Late Ordovician – Devonian sedimentary sequence. These deformation features can be related to the development of the Sardic Unconformity and to calc-alkaline volcanism in several now-scattered terranes of Ordovician northern Gondwana. This reflects a convergent geodynamic setting that in the study sector appears to have failed to reach a continental collisional end-stage. Associating the structural data from this study with those of several published research studies, a preliminary evaluation about which tectonic setting could better fit is proposed. These conditions affected the eastern side of the northern Gondwana margin more or less contemporaneously with the opening of the Rhéic Ocean and the closure of the Qaidam Ocean, before the amalgamation of the Hunia terranes.

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Passchier, C. W., R. F. Bekendam, J. D. Hoek, P. G. H. M. Dirks, and H. de Boorder. "Proterozoic geological evolution of the northern Vestfold Hills, Antarctica." Geological Magazine 128, no. 4 (1991): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800017581.

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AbstractThe presence of polyphase shear zones transected by several suites of dolerite dykes in Archaean basement of the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica, allows a detailed reconstruction of the local structural evolution. Archaean and early Proterozoic deformation at granulite facies conditions was followed by two phases of dolerite intrusion and mylonite generation in strike-slip zones at amphibolite facies conditions. A subsequent middle Proterozoic phase of brittle normal faulting led to the development of pseudotachylite, predating intrusion of the major swarm of dolerite dykes around 1250 Ma. During the later stages and following this event, pseudotachylite veins were reactivated as ductile, mylonitic thrusts under prograde conditions, culminating in amphibolite facies metamorphism around 1000–1100 Ma. This is possibly part of a large-scale tectonic event during which the Vestfold block was overthrust from the south. In a final phase of strike-slip deformation, several pulses of pseudotachylite-generating brittle faulting alternated with ductile reactivation of pseudotachylite.

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Thiele, Deborah, and Peter C. Gill. "Cetacean observations during a winter voyage into Antarctic sea ice south of Australia." Antarctic Science 11, no. 1 (1999): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102099000073.

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Cetacean observations were made from a platform of opportunity (a winter sea ice and oceanography research voyage) in Antarctic sea ice south of Tasmania. Minke whales and killer whales were sighted well within the sea ice. Minkes were found between 180–350 km south of the ice edge, while killer whales were nearly 450 km south of the ice edge. Minkes were sparsely distributed throughout the seasonal sea ice, even in areas of apparent total ice cover. Killer whales (including calves) were found at the northern edge of a major coastal polynya system. The winter sea ice is a complex and dynamic environment in which lead and polynya systems may enable travel and foraging by some cetacean species. While biological productivity is known to be reduced from summer levels, large numbers of seals, penguins – and possibly small numbers of whales – may be supported by krill and other biota intimately associated with the sea ice habitat during winter.

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Gerbi, C., S. M. Roeske, and J. S. Davis. "Geology and structural history of the southwest Precordillera margin, northern Mendoza Province, Argentina." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 14, no. 8 (2002): 821–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-9811(01)00080-3.

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Castellarin, Alberto, and Luigi Cantelli. "Geology and evolution of the Northern Adriatic structural triangle between Alps and Apennine." RENDICONTI LINCEI 21, S1 (2010): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12210-010-0086-0.

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DuRoss, Christopher B., Michael P. Bunds, Ryan D. Gold, et al. "Variable normal-fault rupture behavior, northern Lost River fault zone, Idaho, USA." Geosphere 15, no. 6 (2019): 1869–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02096.1.

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Abstract The 1983 Mw 6.9 Borah Peak earthquake generated ∼36 km of surface rupture along the Thousand Springs and Warm Springs sections of the Lost River fault zone (LRFZ, Idaho, USA). Although the rupture is a well-studied example of multisegment surface faulting, ambiguity remains regarding the degree to which a bedrock ridge and branch fault at the Willow Creek Hills influenced rupture progress. To explore the 1983 rupture in the context of the structural complexity, we reconstruct the spatial distribution of surface displacements for the northern 16 km of the 1983 rupture and prehistoric ruptures in the same reach of the LRFZ using 252 vertical-separation measurements made from high-resolution (5–10-cm-pixel) digital surface models. Our results suggest the 1983 Warm Springs rupture had an average vertical displacement of ∼0.3–0.4 m and released ∼6% of the seismic moment estimated for the Borah Peak earthquake and <12% of the moment accumulated on the Warm Springs section since its last prehistoric earthquake. The 1983 Warm Springs rupture is best described as the moderate-displacement continuation of primary rupture from the Thousand Springs section into and through a zone of structural complexity. Historical and prehistoric displacements show that the Willow Creek Hills have impeded some, but not all ruptures. We speculate that rupture termination or penetration is controlled by the history of LRFZ moment release, displacement, and rupture direction. Our results inform the interpretation of paleoseismic data from near zones of normal-fault structural complexity and demonstrate that these zones may modulate rather than impede rupture displacement.

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László, Csontos, Sasvári Ágoston, Pocsai Tamás, Kósa László, Azad T. Salae, and Ali Athar. "Structural evolution of the northwestern Zagros, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: Implications on oil migration." GeoArabia 17, no. 2 (2012): 81–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia170281.

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ABSTRACT The studied area in Kurdistan Region of Iraq lies across an important topographic/structural boundary between the southern lowlands and the northern, folded and imbricated Zagros Mountains. It also encompasses a prominent change in structural orientation of the northern Zagros, from a general NW-SE “Zagros” to an E-W “Taurus” trend. Geological mapping and structural observations, both in the mountains (Mesozoic–Palaeogene) and in the lowlands (Neogene), led to the following conclusions. (1) The oldest recorded deformation is a layer-parallel shortening, coupled with southwest-vergent shear that was followed by major folding of ca. 10 km wavelength and ca. 1,000 m amplitude. Even the Upper Miocene–Pliocene Bakhtiari Formation has steep to overturned beds in some parts, and synclines preserve syn-tectonic strata of Neogene–Pliocene age. Box folding is associated with crestal collapse, internal thrusting in the core and with formation of systematic joint sets. (2) On the southern limb of the major folds, thrusting of variable offset can be observed. The thrusts on the southern and northern limbs are considered responsible for the major uplift during main folding. (3) En-échelon fold-relay patterns suggest left-lateral shear along the EW-oriented segment and right-lateral shear along the NW-oriented segment. (4) A quick-look qualitative analysis of striated fault planes suggests a variable shortening trend from NE-SW to N-S, and some rare NW-SE shortening all associated with thrust faults. (5) The general structural setting of the area is linked to the north-eastwards to northwards propagation of the Arabian Margin beneath Eurasia. The ca. 30° bend in the mountain chain may be explained by the original shape of the Arabian Margin, or by pre-existing tectonic zones of E-W orientation in the northern part. Several observations suggest that there was no oroclinal bending (i.e. major rotation) of different parts of the chain, but the structures simply molded on their local buttress (almost) according to present orientations. However, a limited amount of rigid-body rotation in the different segments cannot be ruled out. The changing shortening directions generated several structural combinations on both the NW-SE Zagros and the E-W Taurus segments of the arc, many of which are still preserved. (6) Spectacular bitumen seepage in Upper Cretaceous and Palaeocene limestone originates from fractures or geodes of these formations. Many of these bitumen-filled voids are linked to the above-described Late Neogene–Recent shortening-folding process; therefore hydrocarbon migration into these voids is interpreted to be very young. This contradicts earlier ideas about massive Late Cretaceous breaching and bleeding off of hydrocarbons in this region.

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Ingersoll, Raymond V. "Structural and Stratigraphic Evolution of the Rio Grande Rift, Northern New Mexico and Southern Colorado." International Geology Review 43, no. 10 (2001): 867–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206810109465053.

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Tavarnelli, Enrico. "Ancient synsedimentary structural control on thrust ramp development: an example from the Northern Apennines, Italy." Terra Nova 8, no. 1 (1996): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1996.tb00726.x.

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Stacey, Andrew, Cameron Mitchell, Goutam Nayak, et al. "Geology and petroleum prospectivity of the deepwater Otway and Sorell basins: new insights from an integrated regional study." APPEA Journal 51, no. 2 (2011): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10072.

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The frontier deepwater Otway and Sorell basins lie offshore of southwestern Victoria and western Tasmania at the eastern end of Australia’s Southern Rift System. The basins developed during rifting and continental separation between Australia and Antarctica from the Cretaceous to Cenozoic. The complex structural and depositional history of the basins reflects their location in the transition from an orthogonal–obliquely rifted continental margin (western–central Otway Basin) to a transform continental margin (southern Sorell Basin). Despite good 2D seismic data coverage, these basins remain relatively untested and their prospectivity poorly understood. The deepwater (> 500 m) section of the Otway Basin has been tested by two wells, of which Somerset–1 recorded minor gas shows. Three wells have been drilled in the Sorell Basin, where minor oil shows were recorded near the base of Cape Sorell–1. As part of the federal government-funded Offshore Energy Security Program, Geoscience Australia has acquired new aeromagnetic data and used open file seismic datasets to carry out an integrated regional study of the deepwater Otway and Sorell basins. Structural interpretation of the new aeromagnetic data and potential field modelling provide new insights into the basement architecture and tectonic history, and highlights the role of pre-existing structural fabric in controlling the evolution of the basins. Regional scale mapping of key sequence stratigraphic surfaces across the basins, integration of the regional structural analysis, and petroleum systems modelling have resulted in a clearer understanding of the tectonostratigraphic evolution and petroleum prospectivity of this complex basin system.

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