Relevant bibliographies by topics / Geomagnetic observatories

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Geomagnetic observatories'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Geomagnetic observatories"

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Schröder, W., K. H. Wiederkehr, and K. Schlegel. "Georg von Neumayer and geomagnetic research." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 1, no. 2 (2010): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-1-77-2010.

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Abstract. Neumayer was a prominent figure in the development of geophysics in the 19th century from a scientific as well as from an organisational point of view. In this paper we review and highlight his activities and efforts in geomagnetic research within five different aspects of geomagnetism: regional geomagnetic surveys, geomagnetic work in German naval observatories, geomagnetic investigations during the First Polar Year 1882/83, modifications of the Gaussian theory, and geomagnetic charts. In each field Neumayer was a researcher, a thinker, and a stimulating coordinator.
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Regi, Mauro, Paolo Bagiacchi, Domenico Di Mauro, Stefania Lepidi, and Lili Cafarella. "On the validation of K-index values at Italian geomagnetic observatories." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 9, no. 1 (2020): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-105-2020.

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Abstract. The local K index and the consequent global Kp index are well-established 3 h range indices used to characterize geomagnetic activity. The K index is one of the parameters that INTERMAGNET observatories can provide, and it has been widely used for several decades, although many other activity indices have been proposed in the meanwhile. The method for determining the K values has to be the same for all observatories. The INTERMAGNET consortium recommends the use of one of the four methods endorsed by the International Service of Geomagnetic Indices (ISGI) in close cooperation and agreement with the ad hoc working group of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA). INTERMAGNET provides the software code KASM, designed for an automatic calculation of the K index according to the adaptive smoothed method. K values should be independent of the local dynamic response, and therefore for their determination each observatory has its own specific scale regulated by the L9 lower limit, which represents the main input parameter for KASM. The determination of an appropriate L9 value for any geomagnetic observatory is then fundamental. In this work we statistically analyze the K values estimated by means of KASM code for the Italian geomagnetic observatories of Duronia (corrected geomagnetic latitude λ∼36∘ N) and Lampedusa (λ∼28∘ N) by comparing them with the German observatories of Wingst and Niemegk. Our comparative analysis is finalized to establish the best estimation of the L9 lower limit for these two stations. A comparison of L9 lower limits found for the Italian observatories with results from a previous empirical method was also applied and used to verify the consistency and reliability of our outcomes.
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Linthe, Hans-Joachim. "History of the Potsdam, Seddin and Niemegk geomagnetic observatories – Part 1: Potsdam." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 14, no. 1 (2023): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-23-2023.

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Abstract. The measurement series of the three geomagnetic observatories Potsdam, Seddin and Niemegk spans more than 130 years, starting in 1890. It is one of the longest, almost uninterrupted series of recordings of the Earth's magnetic field. Data users frequently emphasise the high quality of the data and their significance for geomagnetic base research. Very well known outstanding geomagnetism scientists, such as Max Eschenhagen, Adolf Schmidt, Julius Bartels, Gerhard Fanselau and Horst Wiese, directed the observatories during their existence. This paper describes the history of the Potsdam Observatory, which was in operation from 1890 until 1928.
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Lanzerotti, L. J., and A. D. Chave. "Geomagnetic observatories threatened again." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 68, no. 22 (1987): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo068i022p00556-01.

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Lanzerotti, L. J., and A. D. Chave. "Geomagnetic observatories threatened again." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 68, no. 22 (1987): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo068i022p00556-05.

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Lanzerotti, L. J. "On closing geomagnetic observatories." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 67, no. 12 (1986): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo067i012p00145-02.

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Kaftan, V. I., and R. I. Krasnoperov. "Geodetic observations at geomagnetic observatories." Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 55, no. 1 (2015): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0016793215010065.

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Malaquias, Isabel, Emília Vaz Gomes, and Décio Martins. "The Genesis of Geomagnetic Observatories in Portugal." Earth Sciences History 24, no. 1 (2005): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.24.1.y7250t05306q7215.

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Interest in mapping not merely the heavens but also the lands, a special concern of modern civilizations, increased mainly at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries. Although knowledge about geomagnetism was old, only in the nineteenth century was it possible to improve precision measurements of magnetic intensity. After Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) established an international Magnetic Union (Magnetische Verein) based in Göttingen in 1836, a network of magnetic observatories promoted a worldwide collaboration in order to get a deeper understanding of Earth's magnetism. While the participation of England, Russia, and the United States in this network is better known, Portugal also participated in this Union. This article aims to show how Portuguese institutions were influenced by the development of this branch of science and to detail their participation in the international geomagnetic network in the nineteenth century.
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Margiono, Relly, Christopher W. Turbitt, Ciarán D. Beggan, and Kathryn A. Whaler. "Production of definitive data from Indonesian geomagnetic observatories." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 10, no. 2 (2021): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-10-169-2021.

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Abstract. Measurement of the geomagnetic field in Indonesia is undertaken by the Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG). Routine activities at each observatory include the determination of declination, inclination, and total field using absolute and variation measurements. The oldest observatory is Tangerang (TNG), started in 1957, followed by Tuntungan (TUN) in 1980, Tondano (TND) in 1990, Pelabuhan Ratu (PLR) and Kupang (KPG) in 2000, and Jayapura (JAY) in 2012. One of the main obligations of a geomagnetic observatory is to produce final versions of data, released as definitive data, for each year and make them widely available both for scientific and non-scientific purposes, for example to the World Data Centre of Geomagnetism (WDC-G). Unfortunately, some Indonesian geomagnetic observatories do not share their data with the WDC-G and often have difficulty in producing definitive data. In addition, some more basic problems still exist, such as low-quality data due to anthropogenic or instrumental noise, a lack of data-processing knowledge, and limited observer training. In this study, we report on the production of definitive data from Indonesian observatories, and some recommendations are provided about how to improve the data quality. These methods and approaches are applicable to other institutes seeking to enhance their data quality and scientific utility, for example in main field modelling or space weather monitoring. The definitive data from the years 2010 to 2018 are now available in the WDC-G.
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Fujii, Ikuko, and Shingo Nagamachi. "History of Kakioka Magnetic Observatory." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 13, no. 2 (2022): 147–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-13-147-2022.

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Abstract. Kakioka Magnetic Observatory (KMO) was founded in 1913 by the Central Meteorological Observatory (CMO, later the Japan Meteorological Agency) as a successor to Tokyo Magnetic Observatory. Kakioka was a village 70 km north of Tokyo and was selected to escape from tram noise in Tokyo. At first, it was an unstaffed observatory only for geomagnetic field observation. Then, the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923 changed the fate of KMO because the earthquake severely damaged the CMO in Tokyo, and recording papers of KMO were lost. KMO was staffed in 1924 and was redesigned as an institute for geophysics rather than geomagnetism. KMO operated a variety of observations, such as the atmospheric electric field, the geoelectric field, the seismicity, the air temperature, the wind velocity, the sunspot and solar prominence as well as the geomagnetic field, by the 1940s. In addition, research activity flourished with the leadership of the first director, Shuichi Imamichi. After World War II was over in 1945, KMO formed a network of observatories in Japan by founding several branch observatories originally for geoelectric field observation. Two branch observatories at Memambetsu and Kanoya survived, with geomagnetic field observation added in the International Geophysical Year project (1957–1958). Efforts in development of instruments for geomagnetic absolute measurement and systems of high-sampling recordings in the 1950s to 1970s resulted in the development of the Kakioka Automatic Standard Magnetometer (KASMMER) system in 1972. KASMMER measured the geomagnetic field every 3 s at the highest standard in the world in digital form, giving 1 min digital values of the geomagnetic field available. This system has been updated, and the high-sampling technology was applied to geoelectric field observation and atmospheric electric field observation. Later, adding geomagnetic field observation at Chichijima in 1971, KMO established a unique electric and magnetic observation network at Kakioka, Memambetsu, Kanoya and Chichijima and provided precise and high-speed sampling data (1 min, 1 and 0.1 s values) by 2001. On the other hand, KMO gradually terminated or automated their observations and reduced their staff in the last several decades following the government's reform policy. The two branch observatories at Memambetsu and Kanoya were unstaffed in 2011, and the atmospheric electric field at Memambetsu was terminated at that time. The geoelectric field observations at Kakioka, Memambetsu and Kanoya were terminated in 2021 as well as the atmospheric electric field at Kakioka. KMO focuses on geomagnetic observation for now and puts efforts into total force observation at volcanoes and the digitization of historic analog data.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Geomagnetic observatories"

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Kilian, Anton Theo. "3-Axis geomagnetic magnetometer system design using superconducting quantum interference devices." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86452.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This work discusses the design of a 3-axis Geomagnetometer SQUID System (GSS), in which HTS SQUIDs are used unshielded. The initial GSS installed at SANSA was fully operable, however the LN2 evaporation rate and SQUID orientation required improving. Magnetic shields were also developed in case the SQUIDs would not operate unshielded and to test the system noise with geomagnetic variations removed. To enable removing the double layer shield from the probes while the SQUIDs remain submerged in LN2, the shield was designed to disassemble. The shields proved to be effective, however due to icing the shields could not be removed without removing the SQUIDs from the LN2.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie werk bespreek die ontwerp van 'n 3-as Geomagnetometer SQUID Sisteem (GSS), waarin HTS SQUIDs sonder magnetiese skilde aangedryf word. Die aanvanklike GSS geïnstalleer by SANSA was ten volle binnewerking, maar die LN2 verdamping en SQUID oriëntasie benodig verbetering. Magnetiese skilde was ook ontwikkel vir die geval dat die SQUIDs nie sonder skilde wou werk nie en om die ruis te toets na geomagnetiese variasies verwyder is. Die dubbele laag skild was ontwerp om uitmekaar gehaal te word terwyl die SQUIDs binne die LN2 bly. Die skild was doeltreffend, maar ys het verhoed dat die skild verwyder kon word vanaf die LN2 sonder om die SQUIDs ook te verwyder.
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Matladi, Thabang-Kingsley. "Correlation between SQUID and Fluxgate Magnetometer Data-sets for Geomagnetic Storms: Hermanus." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86627.

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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) are fairly recent types of magnetometers that use flux quantization combined with Josephson tunnelling to detect very faint (< 10¯15 T) magnetic fields. Recent scientific studies have shown that these highly sensitive magnetometers, located in an ultra-low-noise environment, are capable of observing Earth-ionosphere couplings, such as P waves emitted during earthquakes or magnetic storms in the upper atmosphere, S and T breathing modes of the Earth during quiet magnetic and seismic periods, signals in time correlating with sprites. Since SQUIDs are much more sensitive than conventional magnetometers, they are arguably the best tool for understanding space weather and natural hazards, whether they are produced from space or within the ionosphere by magnetic storms for instance, or natural disturbances, including magnetic disturbances produced by earthquakes or as a result of the dynamics of the earth's core. A study was conducted at SANSA Space Science in Hermanus, Western Cape, in 2012, to find the correlation between SQUID and Fluxgate data-sets, with the aim of validating the use of a SQUID as a reliable instrument for Space Weather observations. In that study, SQUID data obtained from the Low Noise Laboratory (LSBB) in France was compared to Fluxgate data-sets from the three closest magnetic observatories to LSBB, namely Chambon la For êt (France), Ebro (Spain) and Fürstenfeldbruck (Germany), all further than 500 km from LSBB. As a follow-up study, our aim is to correlate the SANSA Space Science SQUID data at Hermanus with Fluxgate magnetic data also recorded on-site (at Hermanus). There are notable di_erences between the previous study and the current study. In the previous study, the three-axis SQUID used comprised of three low-Tc devices operated in liquid helium (4.2 K) in an underground, low noise environment shielded from most human interferences. The SQUID magnetometer operated at Hermanus for the duration of this study is a high-Tc two-axis device (measuring the x and z components of the geomagnetic field). This SQUID magnetometer operates in liquid nitrogen (77 K), and is completely unshielded in the local geomagnetic field of about 26 uT. The environment is magnetically clean to observatory standards, but experiences more human interference than that at LSBB. The high-Tc SQUIDs also experience excessive 1/f noise at low frequencies which the low-Tc SQUIDs do not suffer from, but the big advantage of the current study is that the SQUIDs are located within 50 m from the observatory's fluxgate. We thus expect far better correlation between SQUID and fluxgate data than what was obtained in the previous study, which should improve the isolation of signals detected by the SQUID but not by the fluxgate.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: SQUIDs (supergeleidende kwantuminterferensietoestelle) is redelik onlangse tipes magnetometers wat vloedkwantisering saam met Josephson-tonneling gebruik om baie klein (< 10¯15 T) magnetiese velde waar te neem. Onlangse wetenskaplike studies het getoon dat hierdie hoogs sensitiewe magnetometers die vermoë het om Aarde-ionosfeerkoppeling waar te neem wanneer dit in 'n ultra-laeruisomgewing geplaas word. Sodanige koppeling sluit in: P-golwe wat deur aardbewings or magnetiese storms in die boonste atmosfeer veroorsaak word; S- en T-asemhalingsmodusse van die Aarde gedurende stil magnetiese en seismiese periodes; en seine in tyd wat korreleer met weerligeffekte in die boonste atmosfeer. Aangesien SQUIDs heelwat meer sensistief is as konvensionele magnetometers, is dit moontlik die beste gereedskap om ruimteweer en geassosieerde natuurlike gevare mee te analiseer; hetsy sulke toestande veroorsaak word vanaf die ruimte (deur die son) of binne die ionosfeer deur magnetiese storms of natuurlike steurings wat deur aardbewings of die dinamika van die Aardkern veroorsaak word. 'n Studie is in 2012 gedoen by SANSA Space Science in Hermanus in die Wes-Kaap om die korrelasie tussen SQUID- en vloedhekdatastelle te vind met die doel om SQUIDs as betroubare instrumente vir ruimteweerwaarneming te bevestig. In daardie studie is SQUID-data verkry vanaf die Laeruis Ondergrondse Laboratorium (LSBB) in Frankryk, en is dit vergelyk met vloedhekdatastelle vanaf die drie naaste magnetiese observatoriums aan LSBB, naamlik: Chambon la Forêt (Frankryk), Ebro (Spanje) en Fürstenfeldbruck (Duitsland). Al drie hierdie observatoriums is verder as 500 km vanaf LSBB. As 'n opvolgstudie is ons doelwit om SQUID- en vloedhekdata wat beide op die terrein van SANSA Space Science in Hermanus waargeneem word, te korreleer. Daar is merkbare verskille tussen hierdie en die vorige studies. In die vorige studie is 'n drie-as lae-Tc SQUID-magnetometer in vloeibare helium (4.2 K) in 'n laeruis ondergrondse laboratorium, afgeskerm teen menslike steurings, gebruik. Die SQUID-magnetometer wat vir die duur van die huidige studie by Hermanus gebruik is, is 'n hoë-Tc twee-as toestel (wat die x - en z -komponente van die geomagnetiese veld meet). Hierdie SQUID-magnetometer opereer in vloeibare stikstof teen 77 K, sonder enige afskerming in die geomagnetiese veld van ongeveer 26 uT. Die omgewing is magneties skoon volgens observatoriumstandaarde, maar ondervind meer menslik-veroorsaakde steurings as LSBB. Die hoë-Tc SQUIDs tel ook heelwat 1/f ruis op (wat lae-frekwensiemetings beïnvloed); iets wat nie 'n rol speel by die lae-Tc SQUIDs nie. Die groot voordeel van die huidige studie is dat die SQUIDs binne 50 meter vanaf die observatorium vloedhekke geleë is. Ons verwag dus heelwat beter korrelasie tussen SQUID- en vloedhekdata as wat met die vorige studie verkry is, wat dit makliker sal maak om die isolasie te verbeter van seine wat deur die SQUIDs waargeneem is, maar nie deur die vloedhekke nie.
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Larnier, Hugo. "Intégration des données d'observatoires magnétiques dans l'interprétation de sondages magnétotelluriques : acqusition, traitement, interprétation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAH003/document.

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Dans ce manuscrit, nous développons des méthodologies de détection et caractérisation de sources géomagnétiques et atmosphériques en se basant sur la transformée en ondelettes continues. Les techniques introduites se basent sur les caractéristiques temps-fréquence des ondes observées dans les séries temporelles magnétotelluriques (MT). A partir de ces procédures de détection, nous détaillons l'implémentation d'une stratégie de détermination des fonctions de réponse MT basée sur les statistiques robustes, et du bootstrap hiérarchique pour le calcul des incertitudes. Deux études MT sont également détaillées. La première étude MT concerne la caractérisation de la structure géoélectrique situé sous l'observatoire magnétique de Chambon-La-Forêt, France. La seconde étude concerne des mesures effectuées dans la vallée de Trisuli au Népal en mars 2016. L'objectif de cette campagne est la comparaison avec une étude effectuée en 1996. Nous discutons des effets topographiques sur les sondages MT. Nous présentons également une nouvelle interprétation de la distribution de conductivité dans le sous-sol de vallée de Trisuli<br>In this manuscript, we detail the application of continuous wavelet transform to processing schemes for the detection and the characterisation of geomagnetic and atmospheric sources. Presented techniques are based on time-frequency properties of electromagnetic (EM) waves observed in magnetotellurics (MT) time series. We detail the application of these detection procedures in a MT processing scheme. To recover MT response functions, we use robust statistics and a hierarchical bootstrap approach for uncertainties determination. Interpretation of two datasets are also presented. The first MT study deals with the caracterisation of the resistivity distribution below the French National magnetic observatory of Chambon-la-Forêt. The second study details the interpretation of new MT soundings acquired in March 2016 in the Trisuli valley, Nepal. The main objective of this campaign was to compare the new soundings with an old campaign in 1996. We discuss topography effects on MT soundings and their implication on the resistivity distribution. We also introduce a new interpretation of the resistivity distribution in Trisuli valley
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Books on the topic "Geomagnetic observatories"

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International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. Division V and World Data Center A for Solid Earth Geophysics, eds. A report on geomagnetic observatories, 1995. United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Geophysical Data Center, 1995.

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J, McLean S., International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. Division V, and World Data Center A for Solid Earth Geophysics, eds. A report on geomagnetic observatories and observations, 1994. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Geophysical Data Center, 1994.

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International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. Division V and World Data Center A for Solid Earth Geophysics, eds. A report on geomagnetic observatories and observations, 1994. United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Geophysical Data Center, 1994.

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Canada. Energy, Mines and Resources. Annual report for magnetic observatories and repeat stations. Energy, Mines and Resources, 1987.

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Newitt, L. R. Guide for magnetic repeat station surveys. International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 1996.

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Data Acquisition and Processing (12th 2006 Belsk Observatory) IAGA Workshop on Geomagnetic Observatory Instruments. XII IAGA Workshop on Geomagnetic Observatory Instruments, Data Acquisition and Processing: Belsk, 19-24 June, 2006. Edited by Reda Jan. Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2007.

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IAGA, Workshop on Geomagnetic Observatory Instruments Data Acquisition and Processing (13th 2008 Boulder and Golden Col ). Proceedings of the XIIIth IAGA Workshop on Geomagnetic Observatory Instruments, Data Acquisition, and Processing. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2009.

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International Workshop on Magnetic Observatory Instruments (1986 Ottawa, Ont.). Proceedings of the International Workshop on Magnetic Observatory Instruments: Ottawa, Canada, 30 July-9 August, 1986. Energy, Mines, and Resources Canada, 1988.

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A, Barsukov O., and Institut fiziki Zemli im. O.I͡U︡. Shmidta., eds. Metody analiza seĭsmoėlektromagnitnykh prot͡s︡essov. Nauka, Glav. red. vostochnoĭ lit-ry, 1991.

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Antoni, Roca, ed. Observatorio del Ebro: Un siglo de historia (1904-2004). Observatori de lʼEbre, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Geomagnetic observatories"

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Toh, H., and A. De Santis. "Modeling of regional geomagnetic field based on ground observation network including seafloor geomagnetic observatories." In SEAFLOOR OBSERVATORIES. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11374-1_22.

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Toh, H., and Y. Hamano. "The two seafloor geomagnetic observatories operating in the western Pacific." In SEAFLOOR OBSERVATORIES. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11374-1_12.

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Basavaiah, Nathani. "Magnetic Observatories and Data Analysis." In Geomagnetism. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0403-9_5.

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BARTELS, J. "INTRODUCTION GENERAL REMARKS ON GEOMAGNETIC OBSERVATORIES." In Geomagnetism. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-1304-0.50005-1.

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"Appendix B: List of Observatories." In Derivation, Meaning, and Use of Geomagnetic Indices. American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118663837.app2.

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Kennel, Charles F. "Correlation Of Geomagnetic Activity With The Solar Wind." In Convection and Substorms. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085297.003.0009.

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Even if a steady convection state could exist in principle, the magnetosphere will be rarely in it, since the interplanetary magnetic field is hardly ever stationary over the 2-4 hour convection cycle (Rostoker et al., 1988). Indeed, the hourly average north-south component of the interplanetary field retained the same sign for two consecutive hours only 12.2% of the time during solar cycles 20 and 21 (Hapgood et al., 1991). If only for this reason, we cannot avoid dealing with time-dependent convection. In this section, we take up one method of coping with the issue. Correlation studies take advantage of solar wind variability without ever needing to consider the precise nature of the time-dependent response of the magnetosphere. Though laborious, they are a procedurally straightforward way to test the viscous and reconnection models of convection. Geomagnetic activity, the response of geomagnetic field to currents flowing in the ionosphere and in space, has been monitored in an increasingly systematic way since the beginning of the eighteenth century. Today, a worldwide network of ground stations provides continuous records of the magnetic field at many different locations on the earth’s surface. Before computational data displays enabled large quantities of data to be summarized at a glance, the complex multi-station records were combined into single parameters called geomagnetic indices, which were designed to characterize one aspect or another of geomagnetic activity on a global scale. We will refer frequently to the auroral electrojet (AE) index, which was designed by Davis and Sugiura (1966) as a measure of electrojet activity in the auroral zone. The index is derived from the horizontal, northern component of the geomagnetic perturbation field measured at a number of observatories in the northern hemisphere. The number of observing stations contributing to the index is occasionally indicated in parentheses as AE(12) or AE(32), and so on. The maximum and minimum perturbations recorded at any given time at the stations in the AE network are called the AU and AL indices, respectively, for “upper” and “lower.” These provide a measure of the westward and eastward electrojet strengths. The difference between AU and AL is the AE index.
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Lowes, Frank J. "Why global geomagnetism needs ocean-bottom observatories." In Developments in Marine Technology. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-2009(02)80008-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Geomagnetic observatories"

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Asimopolos, Laurentiu, Natalia-Silvia Asimopolos, and Adrian-Aristide Asimopolos. "COMPARATIVE AND SPECTRAL STUDIES BETWEEN GEOMAGNETIC SERIES RECORDED IN INTERMAGNET OBSERVATORIES." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/6.1/s28.36.

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The main objectives of this study are: analysis of the associated spectrum of the geomagnetic field, time of occurrence of geomagnetic storms and comparisons between recordings made at various geomagnetic observatories in the INTERMAGNET network, in terms of frequency intensity identified and correlations during geomagnetic disturbances. A geomagnetic storm is a temporary disturbance of the Earth's magnetosphere caused by ejections of solar corona mass, coronal holes or solar flares. The data used in this paper are recorded from the Surlari Observatory, and additional information for the characterization of the analyzed geomagnetic storms, we obtained from specialized sites such as www.intermagnet.org and www.noaa.gov. The information about the geomagnetic data from other observatories, as well as about the planetary physical parameters allowed us to make comparative studies between the data recorded in different observatories. We used and calculated filtered data, spectral analysis, wavelet algorithms with different mathematical functions at different levels, the variation of the correlation coefficients for the magnetic components recorded at different latitudes and longitudes.
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Asimopolos, Laurențiu, Natalia-Silvia Asimopoli, and drian-Aristide Asimopolos. "ANALYSES OF GEOMAGNETIC DATA SETS FROM OBSERVATORIES AND CORRELATION BETWEEN THEM." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/01.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the associated spectrum of geomagnetic field, frequencies intensity and the time of occurrence. We calculated the variation of the correlation coefficients, with mobile windows of various sizes, for the recorded magnetic components at different latitudes and latitudes. We included in our study the observatories: Surlari (USA), Honolulu (HON), Scott Base (SBA), Kakioka (KAK), Tihany (THY), Uppsala (UPS), Wingst (WNG) and Yellowknife (YKC). We used the data of these observatories from INTERMAGNET for the bigest geomagnetic storm from the last two Solar Cycles. We have used for this purpose a series of filtering algorithms, spectral analysis and wavelet with different mother functions at different levels. In the paper, we show the Fourier and wavelet analysis of geomagnetic data recorded at different observatories regarding geomagnetic storms. Fourier analysis highlight predominant frequencies of magnetic field components. Wavelet analysis provides information about the frequency ranges of magnetic fields, which contain long time intervals for medium frequency information and short time intervals for highlight frequencies, details of the analyzed signals. Also, the wavelet analysis allows us to decompose geomagnetic signals in different waves. The analyzes presented are significant for the studied of the geomagnetic storm. The data for the next days after the storm showed a mitigation of the perturbations and a transition to a quiet day of the geomagnetic field. In both, the Fourier Transformation and the Wavelet Transformation, transformation evaluation involves the calculation of a scalar product between the analyzed signal and a set of signals that form a particular base in the vector space of the finite energy signals. Fourier representation use and orthogonal vectors base, whereas in the case of wavelet there is the possibility to use also bases consisting of independent linear non-orthogonal vectors. Unlike the Fourier transform, which depends only on a single parameter, wavelet transform type depends on two parameters, a and b. As a result, the graphical representation of the spectrum is different, wavelet analysis bringing more information about geomagnetic pattern of each observatory with that own specific conditions
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Buga, Arunas, Simona Einorytė, Romuald Obuchovski, Vytautas Puškorius, and Petras Petroškevicius. "Analysis of Secular Variations of Geomagnetic Field in Lithuania Based on the Survey in 2016." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.170.

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Lithuania is successfully integrated in the European geomagnetic field research activities. Six secular variation research stations were established in 1999 and precise geomagnetic field measurements were performed there in 1999, 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2016. Obtained diurnal magnetic field variations at measuring station and neighbouring observatories were analysed. All measurements are reduced to the mean of the year using data from geomagnetic observatory of Belsk. Based on the measured data the analysis of geomagnetic field parameter secular changes was performed. Results of the presented research are useful for updating the old geomagnetic data as well as for estimation of accuracy of declination model.
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Soares, Gabriel, Katia Pinheiro, Jürgen Matzka, Achim Morschhauser, and Cristiano Martins. "Brazilian geomagnetic observatories - recent improvements and data availability." In International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society&Expogef. Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/16cisbgf2019.076.

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Lyubimov, Vladimir Valerievich. "MAGNETOMETERS BASED ON QUARTZ SENSORS." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign International Scientific Conference «Trends in the development of science and Global challenges». Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/man4.2022.17.41.003.

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The paper shows the history of the development of quartz magnetometric instrumentation at IZMIRAN from the creation of analog to modern digital devices. IZMIRAN is the only organization in Russia that develops and manufactures high-precision equipment based on quartz magnetic sensors for the registration and study of geomagnetic variations. All magnetic observatories and many observation points in Russia, as well as foreign observatories, are equipped with this equipment.
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Quispe, J., E. Ricaldi, and P. Miranda. "Reliability of the Geomagnetic Observation Data in The Villa Remedios And Patacamaya Observatories." In II PAN AMERICAN WORKSHOP ON GEOMAGNETISM – II PANGEO. Even3, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/2pangeo.a17.

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Melo, Thaísa, and André Wiermann. "Analysis of a calibration system for fluxgate magnetometers for use in geomagnetic observatories." In International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society&Expogef. Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/16cisbgf2019.035.

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Csontos, A. "Long Term Variation of Geomagnetic Curvature Recorded by Absolute Measurement in Different INTERMAGNET Observatories (Comprehensive Study)." In 25th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201902431.

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Riabova, S. "Features of Geomagnetic Field Variations Mid-latitude Observatories in Range of Period and Half-period of Carrington." In Geomodel 2018. EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201802416.

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Dou*, Chen, Wei-dong Wang, and Yi Zheng. "Possibile Seismo-magnetic Effect of the Sunan Yugu Autonomous County Earthquake - The Characteristics of “the difference in Daily Amplitude” Derived from the wavelet transform for the Z-components in geomagnetic observatories." In GEM 2019 Xi'an: International Workshop and Gravity, Electrical & Magnetic Methods and their Applications, Chenghu, China, 19-22 April 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Chinese Geophysical Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/gem2019-104.1.

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