To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Geomatics.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Geomatics'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Geomatics.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Buckley, Simon John. "A geomatics data fusion technique for change monitoring." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405351.
Full text
2
Motala, Siddique. "Critical posthumanism in geomatics education: A storytelling intervention." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6219.
Full textAbstract:
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Post-School Studies)<br>This study is located in engineering education at a South African university of technology,
and is theorised using relational ontologies such as critical posthumanism, feminist new
materialism and non-representational theory. It explores the potential of a digital storytelling
intervention in an undergraduate geomatics diploma programme. Geomatics qualifications in
South Africa are critiqued for their embedded humanism and subtle anthropocentrism despite
attempts at post-apartheid curricular reform. Additionally, these qualifications are focused on
technical content, and heavily influenced by Western knowledges.
3
PEREZ, FRANCESCA. "GEOMATICS FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PURPOSES:DESIGN OF A GLOBAL GEODATABASE." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2496966.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, the world is facing disasters on an unprecedented scale: millions of people are affected by natural disasters globally each year and, only in the last decade, more than 80% of all disaster-related deaths were caused by natural hazards. Scientific predictions and evidence indicate that global climate changes are increasing the number of extreme events, creating more frequent and intensified natural hazards such as floods and windstorms. Population growth, urbanization and the inability of poor populations to escape from the vicious cycle of poverty are conditions to foresee that there will most likely be an increase in the number of people who are vulnerable to natural hazards, with a resulting increase of natural disasters and environmental emergencies.
In recent years, international preoccupation for disasters and their impacts has intensified and risen closer to the top of the development agenda. For many years, response to disasters was largely confined to emergency relief and short-term life-saving actions. But over the last two decades, the critical importance of disaster preparedness, mitigation, and prevention has been widely recognized. The humanitarian and the United Nations system are therefore called to intensify their efforts to improve their capacity in order to provide support to the countries in need and to be better prepared to intervene. Such request came, amongst others, from the UN General Secretary in various occasions.
In the frame of humanitarian operations, the World Food Programme (WFP) of the United Nations is in the front line. The WFP is the biggest UN Agency and responds to more than 120 emergencies per year worldwide. According to the UN reform, WFP is also the leader of logistics for UN and international bodies during emergency response operations.
WFP initiated a process to reinforce its capacity to be a leading force in the area of emergency response, improving its Information Management capacity in support to emergency preparedness and response. To do so, an agreement of collaboration with the recently formed Information Technology for Humanitarian Assistance Cooperation and Action (ITHACA) Association has been signed and a joint collaboration started in February 2007. One of the objectives of the collaboration is about the use of Geomatics and Information Technology instruments in the Early Warning and Early Impact analysis field.
Many worldwide experiences conducted in this area, show that the use of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies, combined with up-to-date, reliable and easily accessible reference base geographic datasets, constitute the key factor for the success of emergency operations and for developing valuable natural disaster preparedness, mitigation and prevention systems. As a matter of fact, the unique characteristics associated with geographic, or geospatial, information technologies facilitate the integration of scientific, social and economic data through space and time, opening up interesting possibilities for monitoring, assessment and change detection activities, thus enabling better informed interventions in human and natural systems.
Besides its proven value, the geospatial information is an expensive resource and needs to be fully utilized to maximize the return on investment required for its generation, management and use. Reuse and sharing of spatial information for multiple purposes is an important approach applied in countries where investment in spatial data collection and in their appropriate management has advanced on the basis of its known asset value. Very substantial economic benefits have been estimated by countries that have moved in the direction of optimizing data reuse. However, it is still relatively easy to find examples of projects and other development activities from around the globe that required expensive recapture of essential spatial data because they were originally captured in unique or non-standard file formats, or perhaps discarded after initial use. Recapture of data has also been undertaken in many cases simply because its prior existence was known only by its originators.
The United Nations has not been immune to this problem, both within and between the multitude of entities that make up the Secretariat and its agencies, funds and programmes. Historically, the production and use of geospatial data within the UN entities has been accomplished by its component organizations, according to their individual needs and expertise. This has resulted in multiple efforts, reduced opportunities for sharing and reuse of data, and a unnecessary cost burden for the UN system as a whole.
Thus, a framework data development approach has been considered necessary. This has resulted in the proposal that implement an UN Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). The term SDI is used to denote the relevant base collection of technologies, policies and institutional arrangements that facilitate the availability of and access to spatial data. A SDI hosts geographic data and attributes, sufficient documentation (metadata), a means to discover, visualize and evaluate the data (catalogues and Web mapping), and some methods to provide access to the geographic data. Beyond this, it will also host additional services or software to support applications of the data.
The concept of developing a Spatial Data Infrastructure to fulfil UN data management needs was duly approved by United Nations Geographic Information Working Group (UNGIWG) members in 2005 at their 6th Plenary Meeting in Addis Ababa, in the context of a UN-specific SDI, or UNSDI.
The WFP, like all other UN agencies, has been called to develop a Spatial Data Infrastructure, according to the UNGIWG recommendations. Therefore, during the last year the different units of WFP involved in the use of geospatial data worked at defining and implementing a WFP SDI with the aim of contributing at the whole UNSDI project. This effort was coordinated and supported by the ITHACA association.
Aim of the study
The objective of the conducted research has been to investigate the better solution for collecting and organizing geospatial data within a suitable geodatabase with two main purposes:
to support the WFP SDI effort: the development of consistent reusable themes of base cartographic content, known as Framework, Fundamental or Core Data, is recognized as a main and first ingredient in the construction of a SDI. Therefore, the definition of a geodatabase supporting all the WFP units dealing with GIS and geospatial data can be considered a fundamental and necessary step in the whole complex process of the development of the WFP SDI. Common used data provide key for the integration and, in the context of the SDI implementation, the definition of a Core Data geodatabase can be thought as one instrumentality to help improving interoperability, reducing expenses resulting from the inevitable duplications.
Moreover, the major aim of the planned geodatabase is to supply all WFP users of a “minimum spatial dataset” which assures valuable geographic analyses and mapping, in support to decision makers during emergencies operations.
to support all activities carried out by ITHACA: the planned geodatabase must constitute a suitable instrument which realizes the integration and the organization of the large geospatial data needed by all ITHACA units in their activities, allowing their effective distribution, sharing and reuse, avoiding any duplication. Moreover, the implemented solution must also guarantee the correct management and updating of the data, keeping their integrity.
Finally, this instrument must also allow the easy and fast sharing of necessary information produced by ITHACA during Early Impact activities with the WFP’s users engaged in the emergencies rescue operations.
In conclusion, the major expected output of the study carried out, described in this thesis, has been the design and the development of a global database and of related rules and procedures in order to correctly store, manage, and exchange geospatial data needed either by WFP humanitarian workers and ITHACA users. The developed database solution allows integrating and updating globally consistent geographic data coming from different sources in many formats, providing each user with the latest datasets, thus avoiding duplications and mistakes.
In methodological terms, the following procedure has been adopted:
- defining requirements, identification of all activities supported by the geodatabase, analysis of the data flows expected in all supported activities, examining existing data sources and relevant standards (particularly those proposed by the UNGIWG);
- development of the data model. The data model has been shaped according to specific needs and demands of the involved user groups within the different interested organizations. The adopted design techniques do not wander off the techniques proposed in literature for general database design, even if it has been necessary, in some steps, to consider the specific features of geographic data;
- geodatabase schema generation and implementation of the defined geographic database model as an ESRI ArcSDE Enterprise Geodatabase based on Oracle 10g as DBMS.
4
Newling, M. "Towards a new South African geodetic datum." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17175.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: pages 134-140.<br>The overall scale and orientation of the South African trigonometrical readjustment will depend both on the traditional distances and azimuths and on TRANSIT Doppler observations. The traditional observations are used to compute the relative positions of points within the control network. TRANSIT Doppler observations, as well as giving relative positions, can be used to determine absolute co-ordinates (in a global reference system) with an accuracy of about one metre. One purpose of the present study is to present a way of combining the various Doppler observations to the TRANSIT satellites and to derive a single set of geocentric co-ordinates for the stations at which Doppler observations were recorded. Little work has been published concerning the combination of such Doppler observations. Having arrived at a set of geocentric co-ordinates, in order to use them in the horizontal adjustment, they must be transformed to latitude, longitude and height with respect to a defined ellipsoid. The second purpose of the present study is to examine various criteria for choosing such a datum and thereby make a suitable datum selection. There are various ways of processing observations to the TRANSIT satellites; these techniques along with the rest of the Doppler system are described in chapter 3. Chapter 4, which contains the bulk of the work in the present study, addresses the problem of the unification of Doppler subnets into a single geocentric network. Chapter 1 contains an introduction and gives a brief overview of the various reference systems used in Geodesy while Chapter 2, which is largely historical, describes the existing geodetic network in South Africa, particularly the Cape Datum on which this network is computed. In chapter 5, using the co-ordinates for the Doppler stations derived in chapter 4, various criteria are considered for the selection of a datum on which to carry out the readjustment and recommendations are made for a replacement South African geodetic datum.
5
Mphuthi, Siphiwe M. Matthews. "A comparison of the least squares collocation and the fast Fourier transform methods for gravimetric geoid determination." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22854.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the research was to study the performance of the least squares collocation (LSC) and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques for gravimetric geoid computation. The Land Levelling Datum (LLD) is the South African vertical datum based on more than 100 years old tide gauge measurements of mean sea level (MSL). The LLD is poorly defined so an alternative is required. The SAGEOID10 (Merry, 2009) hybrid geoid model was computed for the purpose of replacing the existing vertical datum. Two gravimetric geoid models were computed using different techniques for evaluation of the Stokes' integral, such as, LSC and one dimensional fast Fourier transform (1D-FFT) technique. The long wavelength component of the geoid models were computed using the EGM2008 geopotential model truncated at degree 720. The use of fast spectral techniques is required due to an increase of both quality and type of data available for geoid determination. The FFT method is most reliable than the LSC method, since it requires less computational time on large data set than the LSC. A system of linear equations of order equal to the number of data points is generated on the LSC method. The geoid model was computed over the province of Gauteng. It was then compared to the SAGEOID10 hybrid geoid model. The computed geoid models, SiPLSC and SiPFFT geoid model compared to the SAGEOID10 model with standard deviation of 5.6cm. The long wavelength component of the computed geoid model compared to the EGM2008 geopotential geoid model with a standard deviation of 4.2cm.
6
Adeleke, Adedayo Kelvin. "Web-based GIS modelling of building-integrated solar photovoltaic system for the City of Cape Town." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29181.
Full textAbstract:
Population increase in African cities have made it hard to reduce their ecological footprint and attain self-sustainability. This made the United Nations to put forward the seventeen sustainable development goals. Three of these goals centre on provision of clean energy and reduction of reliance on fossil fuels. It is therefore important for cities in Africa to chart a path of attaining sustainability. Consequently, the city of Cape Town is leading the drive for a greener city and self-sustainability in energy. Solar energy, which is regarded as a clean and renewable source of energy, makes it possible to generate electricity by using photovoltaics technology. However, the problem of creating awareness as to the potentials of building-integrated solar photovoltaic system persists. The study is aimed at using remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques in creating awareness about the potentials of building rooftops for solar photovoltaics installations in an urban setting. In achieving this, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data and aerial imagery are sourced from City of Cape Town municipality to serve as the primary data input. Four phases of analysis are involved: (1) extraction of whole building roof outline and its roof planes, using the integration of LiDAR-derived products and aerial imagery, in order to determine the surface area of the roof planes. This is achieved by developing a unique two-in-one, object-based classification rulesets; (2) estimating and validating the global solar radiation incidence on each roof plane, using a LiDAR-derived elevation model in a python script utilizing the GRASS script library; (3) evaluating the solar photovoltaic potential of each roof plane, using inputs from two previous phases to create a solar photovoltaic potential database; and (4) deploying the solution online to create awareness, by utilizing JavaScript and Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) to implement a map mashup, which incorporates tile map and table services. This results in a web-based solution, which can be queried to retrieve information about the solar photovoltaic potential of a building roof. From the results generated and the system developed, it becomes possible to remotely and sufficiently evaluate buildings in the city for solar photovoltaic potentials, designs and installations. Thereby reducing reliance on the fossil fuel generated electricity and improving the self-sustainability of the city.
7
Tagoe, Naa Dedei. "Developing an accurate close-range photogrammetric technique for extracting 3D information from spherical panoramic images." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24932.
Full textAbstract:
Panoramic images (panoramas) are wide-angle images that provide fields of view of up to 360°. They are acquired with a specialised panoramic camera or by stitching a series of images captured with a conventional digital camera. Panoramas have widely been used to texture 3D models generated from laser scanning, for creating virtual reality tour applications, documenting landscape and cultural heritage sites, advertising real estates and recording crime scenes. The goal of this research was to develop an accurate close-range photogrammetric technique for the semi-automatic extraction of 3D information from spherical panoramas. This was achieved by developing a non-parametric method for the removal of distortions from images acquired from fisheye lenses as well as an algorithm, here referred to as the Minimum Ray Distance (MRD), for the fully automated approximate relative orientation of spherical panoramic images. The bundle adjustment algorithm was then applied to refine the orientation parameters of the panoramas; thus enabling accurate 3D point measurement. Finally, epipolar geometry theory was applied to the oriented panoramas to guide the interactive extraction of additional conjugate points. The MRD algorithm has been extended to laser scanning technology for the first approximations of laser scan setup positions and scan orientation prior to a leastsquares based registration. The determination of approximate scanner orientation and position parameters were accomplished using panoramic intensity images derived from full dome laser scans. Thus, a technique for the semi-automatic extraction of 3D measurements from panoramic images has been developed in this research. The technique is most appropriate for applications which do not require dense point clouds and in situations with limited access to funds or as a quick field method to document many features in a short time. This is because a single image orientation is required for several overlapping images as compared to the normal stereo or multi-image photogrammetric approach. It is not suggested that 3D reconstruction from spherical panoramic images should replace traditional close-range photogrammetry or laser scanning; rather, that the user of panoramic images will be offered supplementary information to the conventional and modern cultural heritage documentation approaches.
8
Paradzavi, Charles. "Environmental information systems : the development and implementation of the Lake Rukwa Basin integrated project environmental information system (LRBIP-EIS) database, Tanzania." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13961.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 91-97.<br>The quest for sustenance inevitably forces mankind to exploit natural resources found within their environs. In many cases, the exploitation results in massive environmental degradation that disrupts the ecosystem and causes loss of bio-diversity. There is generally a lack of information systems to monitor and provide quantitative information on the state of the affected environment. Decision-makers usually fail to make informed decisions with regard to conservation strategies. The need to provide decision-makers with quantitative environmental information formed the basis of this thesis. An integrated environmental information system (EIS) database was developed according to the Software Development Methodology for three of the identified environmental sectors. This involved detailed user needs assessment to identify the information requirements (both spatial and textual) for each sector. The results were used to design separate data models that were later merged to create an integrated data model for the database application. A fisheries application prototype was developed to implement the proposed database design. The prototype has three major components. The Geographic Information System (GIS) handles the spatial data such as rivers, settlements, roads, and lakes. A relational database management system (RDBMS) was used to store and maintain the non-spatial data such as fisherman ' s personal details and fish catch data. Customized graphical user interfaces were designed to handle the data visualization and restricted access to the GIS and RDBMS environments.
9
Schreiber, Renate Ingeborg. "Privacy protection in geographic information systems : guidelines for the protection of privacy in GIS in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16086.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.<br>Personal privacy issues are relevant to the GIS community. The distribution and dissemination of personal data is greatly facilitated through GIS tools. The use of these tools has been expanded from traditionally geographical operations to applications in geodemographics, and it is particularly in geodemographics where the protection of privacy becomes an issue. This thesis examines existing privacy protection guidelines put forward by international commercial and governmental sectors; the current international position with regards to the protection of privacy is reviewed, and South African legislation pertaining to these issues is explored. On this basis, a set of privacy protection guidelines is developed which can assist GIS managers in South Africa in ensuring that data collection and management do not infringe on personal privacy.
10
Hill, Justin John Whatton. "A line photogrammetry algorithm for 3D rectilinear object reconstruction." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18309.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis introduces an alternative formulation for line photogrammetry. The aim was to develop and test a method of computing the position and orientation of a straight line in space using two or more oriented images of that line. The algorithm presented is intended for object reconstruction and is motivated by the need to reconstruct man-made objects in urban areas, such as buildings and the industrial inspection arena. The method aims to obtain a best-fit line through a "pencil of planes". The reconstructed 3D line is defined by two points as opposed to the conventional representation, which uses a point and a direction vector. The approach to this problem involves the calculation of a projection plane for each image containing the perspective centre and two transformed line-point observations in the image. A least squares adjustment involves fitting a straight line as near as possible to the projection planes from all images simultaneously. The adjusted line is referred to as a best-fitting line through a "pencil of planes" (POP). In this project, a mathematical model was formulated for the application of this concept. This algorithm was coded and tested on two cases. A set of scanned aerial images of a residential area with a scale of 1: 5000 provided the primary test case. Lines delineating three roofs visible in the aerial images were reconstructed using the POP method and compared with ground truth data. The lines reconstructed using the POP method were compared to those reconstructed using an existing method of line photogrammetry, proposed by Mulawa (1988). The second test was based on a set of close-range images captured using a small-format digital camera. Lines delineating the bars of a metal frame generally used as a precise control field for camera calibration, were reconstructed. In both test cases, X² tests were applied, and the standard deviations calculated. In the aerial case, standard deviations obtained were generally in the region of about 5cm. The ground resolution of the images was 7.Scm. In the close-range case the ground resolution was approximately 1.3mm, and the standard deviations obtained were generally of the order of 0.7mm. Of the lines computed, 84% of the adjustments passed the X² test. The results obtained confirmed that the POP algorithm is a practicable means of adjusting observations to obtain best-fitting 3D lines using observations made in a set of oriented images.
11
Abwe, Furaha. "A web of relations: co-production arrangements in urban sanitation infrastructure provision in informal settlements in Arusha City, Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31147.
Full textAbstract:
Many city governments and actors have tested approaches or models and technological developments to address urban service crises. But this has tended to be without much success, as the service delivery gap keeps widening, leading to governance failure. One response to this decline in governance capacity has been the evolution of co-production arrangements. The overarching aim of this thesis was to examine the co-production arrangements of urban sanitation infrastructure provision among multiple actors in informal settlements, and to interrogate whether the predominance of such arrangements was indicative of an alternative form of city governance. Two wards within Arusha city (Tanzania) were selected as case studies. A range of research methods was employed to uncover the landscape of actors involved, and to explore co-productive processes, socio-cultural aspects and other complexities shaping sanitation provision in the two selected informal settlements. Case study methodology was used with a range of data collection methods (household surveys, focus group discussions, document review and semi-structured interviews). The study adopted a relational approach informed by ActorNetwork Theory as the analytical framework for understanding the human-material interactions in the sanitation chain. Key findings indicate that co-production serves a public function, but it is not recognised as such in Tanzanian public policy. Individual and collective co-production arrangements have been established that bring together various state and non-state actors in the sanitation chain to form networks. These networks make service delivery possible, which one actor alone could not deliver. The study reveals that sanitation infrastructure in informal settlements is largely provided by the household, although some are either inactive or captured co-procuders. Further, the narratives indicate that complexities and the contextual factors (including gender-based power dynamics, social norms, values, traditions and culture) shape access to sanitation facilities in the city of Arusha. The study found that the exclusion of women and children from sharing toilet facilities motivated Maasai men to practice defection in open areas. Further, this study speculates on an alternative form of governing city affairs based on actor-networks in the co-production process: co-productive networked governance. Future research is needed to examine how co-productive networked governance could be integrated into the existing city governance structures and how informal governance arrangement could be recognised and enhanced.
12
Westaway, Matthew. "An empirical assessment of real-time progressive stereo reconstruction." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24320.
Full textAbstract:
3D reconstruction from images, the problem of reconstructing depth from images, is one of the most well-studied problems within computer vision. In part because it is academically interesting, but also because of the significant growth in the use of 3D models. This growth can be attributed to the development of augmented reality, 3D printing and indoor mapping. Progressive stereo reconstruction is the sequential application of stereo reconstructions to reconstruct a scene. To achieve a reliable progressive stereo reconstruction a combination of best practice algorithms needs to be used. The purpose of this research is to determine the combinat ion of best practice algorithms that lead to the most accurate and efficient progressive stereo reconstruction i.e the best practice combination. In order to obtain a similarity reconstruction the in t rinsic parameters of the camera need to be known. If they are not known they are determined by capturing ten images of a checkerboard with a known calibration pattern from different angles and using the moving plane algori thm. Thereafter in order to perform a near real-time reconstruction frames are acquired and reconstructed simultaneously. For the first pair of frames keypoints are detected and matched using a best practice keypoint detection and matching algorithm. The motion of the camera between the frames is then determined by decomposing the essential matrix which is determined from the fundamental matrix, which is determined using a best practice ego-motion estimation algorithm. Finally the keypoints are reconstructed using a best practice reconstruction algorithm. For sequential frames each frame is paired with t he previous frame and keypoints are therefore only detected in the sequential frame. They are detected , matched and reconstructed in the same fashion as the first pair of frames, however to ensure that the reconstructed points are in the same scale as the points reconstructed from the first pair of frames the motion of the camera between t he frames is estimated from 3D-2D correspondences using a best practice algorithm. If the purpose of progressive reconstruction is for visualization the best practice combination algorithm for keypoint detection was found to be Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) as it results in more reconstructed points than Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). SIFT is however more computationally efficient and thus better suited if the number of reconstructed points does not matter, for example if the purpose of progressive reconstruction is for camera tracking. For all purposes the best practice combination algorithm for matching was found to be optical flow as it is the most efficient and for ego-motion estimation the best practice combination algorithm was found to be the 5-point algorithm as it is robust to points located on planes. This research is significant as the effects of the key steps of progressive reconstruction and the choices made at each step on the accuracy and efficiency of the reconstruction as a whole have never been studied. As a result progressive stereo reconstruction can now be performed in near real-time on a mobile device without compromising the accuracy of reconstruction.
13
Price, Stephen. "A systems approach to the development of large Geographic Information Systems." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17124.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliography.<br>Large computer-based information systems seldom achieve unqualified success. The major problem is organisational rather than technical, hence to achieve greater success in system implementation greater emphasis must be given to organisational issues than to technology. Current practise, however, tends to focus on technical issues. The aim of this research was to investigate whether a systems-based approach would lead to better understanding of the system development process, and hence form the basis of a methodology which would lead to greater success in computer-based information system implementation. The thesis comprises four parts. In the first part (Chapters 1 - 5) the literature on systems theory in sociology with particular reference to business organisations is reviewed. This review focuses on the historical development of systems thinking, particularly in business management. Beer's Viable System Model, Checkland' s Soft Systems Methodology, and Hoebeke' s ideas on the adoption of new technology provided the main ideas for developing a conceptual model for the information system development process. In the second part (Chapters 6-9) this model is applied to the information system development process to identify the strengths and weaknesses of current methods. Each stage of system development from planning to implementation is considered from a systems perspective. This involves identifying the key stakeholders, and understanding their role in the development process. In the next part three case studies are examined in the light of the theoretical material. The impact of inter-cultural communication is highlighted in these studies as the developers and customers were from· several different cultures. The author was personally involved as project manager and chief consultant in the development of two of the systems described. He was also fully aware of the progress of the other case because that development was being undertaken in the same office. Regular exchanges of views on the progress of each project took place. In the final chapter the conclusions are presented. The main conclusion is that information system implementation must be undertaken within the overall context of the organisation, must be closely aligned with the organisational business processes, and must address the conflicting needs of the different stakeholders. Effective Communication between system developers and system users is crucial to success. A focussed effort is required to achieve effective communication in a multi-cultural environment.
14
Davison, Wayne. "Establishment of Accuracy Testing Facilities for Terrestrial Laser Scanners." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29572.
Full textAbstract:
Measurement instruments that are required for high precision and reliable work need to have regular checks to ensure they are always performing at the required level of accuracy. A Terrestrial Laser Scanner is one such instrument and with the vast amount of information that this machine is able to capture, it is especially important to run regular accuracy checks. This research is building on the work that has been done by previous researchers on the assessment of instrument accuracy and the establishment of facilities specialized for this assessment. Theoretical principles are investigated in the form of Least Squares Adjustments, similarities to panorama photography and photogrammetric accuracy. Terrestrial Laser Scanners are reviewed with respect to their scanning principles and data acquisition. The methodology incorporated in this research encompasses the positioning of targets, their survey to establish high accuracy coordinates through various methods of adjustment and thereafter the scanning of those targets. Comparisons were done using derived angles and distances between the targets to discover the point accuracy of the Laser Scanner. This was done for two facilities; a short range facility (1 to 15 meters) and a medium range facility (1 to 75 meters). The medium range facility also included a range testing baseline for distance accuracy assessments. The outcomes from the comparisons between the surveyed control data and the laser scanner observed data indicated that the laser scanner is performing below the accuracy of the surveyed data. The laser scanner was further compared against the manufacturer quoted performance specifications and revealed the laser scanner to be performing below the quoted values. The laser scanner in question showed stronger results in the horizontal measurements over the vertical measurements. All results suggested the laser scanner was delivering weak results in the vertical observations due to a mis-alignment of individual scan halves. This research was able to establish two accuracy assessment facilities specialized for Terrestrial Laser Scanners under these same conditions. Both facilities were used in conjunction, to analyze the Z+F Imager 5010C laser scanner and determine the point accuracy in terms of the observed angles and distances from this machine. The results are also able to identify errors in the performance of the laser scanner and whether or not it is performing within the manufacturer specifications by noticing any large values such as in the case of the vertical observations for this instrument.
15
Babalola, Kehinde Hassan. "Measuring tenure security of the rural poor using pro-poor land tools: A case study of Itaji-Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29773.
Full textAbstract:
The sustainable development goals aim to improve the lives of rural dwellers by ensuring the security of tenure of the rural poor. This led researchers and nongovernmental organisations to investigate the security of tenure of the urban and rural poor in developing countries. To improve the security of tenure of the rural poor, many developing countries have initiated programmes that encompass reform of land tenure and land administration systems. To provide a solution to the insecurity of tenure, researchers and non-governmental organisations developed pro-poor land tools to address the gap created by the formal land administration system. To test the developed land tools, researchers apply them in selected case study areas. This study investigates and analyses the tenure security of the rural poor of Itaji-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The New Continuum of Land Rights Model (NCLRM) and the Social Tenure Domain Model (STDM) were applied to land rights types found in the case study. Techniques, theories and tools used were based on a single case study methodology. The mixed methods approach was used to analyse and evaluate the tenure situation in Itaji-Ekiti. This yielded an in-depth understanding of the case. The research further examines critical areas of the Land Use Act of 1978 using the conceptual framework for understanding cadastral system development in customary land rights context. The mixed methodology approach was used in analysing the vital areas of the Act. Land professionals, civil servants and students were the target group that contributed to the study. The research findings showed that security of tenure is weak because every land rights types found in Itaji-Ekiti can be affected by conflicts with customary and informal tenure. The results of this research showed that the Land Use Act is effective in some areas and dysfunctional in others. This is attributed to the age of the Act and many sections of the Act that are not pro-poor. The implementation of the Act showed that it is effective in urban areas while it is not solving land-related problems in rural areas. The research further revealed that the use of case study methodology using mixed methods are suitable for measuring tenure security of the rural poor. The findings provide an understanding of the current land policy in Nigeria and as well as understanding land tenure insecurity in Itaji-Ekiti. The research also provides information for researchers in the field of cadastral system research on the use of propoor land tools as alternative approaches to recording land rights and measuring tenure security of the rural poor.
16
Gangraker, Muhammad Zaid. "Elements of design for indoor visualisation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22941.
Full textAbstract:
Indoor visualisation has received little attention. Research related to indoor environments have primarily focussed on the data structuring, localisation and navigation components (Zlatanova et al., 2013). Visualisation is an integral component in addressing the diverse array of indoor environments. In simple words, 'What is the most efficient way to visualise the surrounding indoor environment so that the user can concisely understand their surroundings as well as facilitating the process of navigation?' This dissertation proposes a holistic approach that consists of two components. The significance of this approach is that it provides a robust and adaptable method in providing a standard to which indoor visualisation can be referenced against. The first component is a theoretical framework focussing on indoor visualisation and it comprises of principles from several disciplines such as geovisualisation, human-perception theory, spatial cognition, dynamic and 3D environments as well as accommodating emotional processes resulting from human-computer interaction. The second component is based on the theoretical framework and adopts a practical approach towards indoor visualisation. It consists of a set of design properties that can be used for the design of effective indoor visualisations. The framework is referred to as the "Elements of Design" framework. Both these components aim to provide a set of principles and guidelines that can be used as best practices for the design of indoor visualisations. In order to practically demonstrate the holistic indoor visualisation approach, multiple indoor visualisation renderings were developed. The visualisation renderings were represented in a three-dimensional virtual environment from a first-person perspective. Each rendering used the design framework differently. Also, each rendering was graded using a parallel chart that compares how the different visual elements were used per the rendering. The main findings were that the techniques/ renderings that used the visual elements effectively (enhanced human-perception) resulted in better acquisition and construction of knowledge about the surrounding indoor environment.
17
Daniels, Roger Hubert. "Spatio-temporal modelling of informal settlement growth using a hybrid GIS and CA-Markov model." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33691.
Full textAbstract:
The permanency and scale of informal settlement growth across the City of Cape Town cannot be promptly understood using the existing stock of human settlement planning tools and mapping techniques because the morphological patterns of informality are characterised by the complex commingling of multiple social and economic conditions, transactions, events and norms (Lejano and Del Bianco, 2018:203). In this research study, it is argued that a key focus area for future human settlement policy development should be fixed on establishing a greater understanding of the prevailing dispositions relating to how past and future morphological processes of informal settlements evolve. Towards acquiring this understanding, the research study develops a hybrid GIS and Cellular Automata Markov model, to simulate the future spatio-temporal growth of informal settlements in the City of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa from 2011 to 2051. To simulate growth, a raster-based model was operationalized using a Computer Simulation Package called TerrSet. The model inputs were determined by means of an online survey with various experts, and 13 model drivers were identified. These drivers were populated utilising, census data and other locational data for 2001 and 2011, sourced from Statistics South Africa and the City of Cape Town's Corporate GIS unit. This hybrid model was calibrated, by altering the size of the input grid cells and comparing the projected outputs with the actual 2018 land use dataset. To simulate growth, the calibrated hybrid model uses: Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network modelling components to determine a transitional probability map; Transitional probability matrix to determine the transitional rules for vacant-to-informal land use conversion; Markov Chain component to allocate the amount of future vacant-to-informal land use changes; and Cellular Automata to enable the spatial representation of vacant-to-informal grid cell changes. This model presents a novel approach for simulating informal settlement, and weighs in on the fragmented scientific debates in the field of (dynamic) hybrid spatial process modelling. Based on the simulation results, the main findings conclude that: drivers related to the location of informal dwelling structures, no access to piped water and high unemployment have the biggest effect on model accuracy; by 2031 the morphological patterns of informal settlement growth will begin to shift affecting additional lower to middle class communities located along the Cape Flats; and between 2031 and 2051 the location of informal settlements will move from the peri-urban regions into the urban regions of the Metropolitan.
18
Edvardson, Kristoffer, and Martin Karlsson. "Byte från lokalt referenssystem till SWEREF 99 : fallstudie Gävle." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-230.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Den 1 februari 2007 bytte Lantmäteriet referenssystem till SWEREF 99. Anledningen till att kommuner, myndigheter och andra användare också bör byta till SWEREF 99 är att ett gemensamt referenssystem ger ett flertal fördelar, bland annat kommer informationsutbyte att underlättas inom Sverige och användare av GNSS mottagare (Global Navigation Satellite System) kommer inte att behöva bekymra sig över olika koordinatsystem.</p><p>Syftet med denna C-uppsats på 10 poäng är att underlätta för kommuner och organisationer som skall byta referenssystem.</p><p>En handledning för hur kommuner skall lägga upp arbetet med referenssystembytet samt vad kommunen bör ta hänsyn till under inmätningar av kompletteringspunkter som ligger till grund för kommunens transformation presenteras. Geografisk bunden information finns på ett stort antal förvaltningar och bolag inom kommuner och för att inte missa någon organisation vid ett referenssystembyte har vi gjort en undersökning av vilken data som bör transformeras. Kontroll av två transformationsfunktioner som finns i ArcMap jämförs med en transformation i programmet GTRANS och inmätta koordinater med GNSS teknik för att undersöka avvikelserna vid ett framtida byte av referenssystem.</p><p>För att räta upp kommunens nuvarande referenssystem görs inmätningar med GNSS teknik. Detta för att punktkoordinater ska fås i såväl SWEREF 99 som frånsystemet. Dessa punkter skall hålla en hög noggrannhet i det kommunala nätet. Resultatet från transformationerna i ArcMap och i GTRANS minimerar de spänningar och deformationer som kan finnas i det kommunala stomnätet. Antalet kända punkter i transformationssambandet är fler i ArcMap än i GTRANS och vid en jämförelse inom ett mindre område visar ArcMaps två metoder det bästa resultatet.</p><br><p>On February 1st 2007 the National land survey of Sweden changed reference system to the Swedish realisation of European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (ETRS 89), SWEREF 99. The reason why municipalities, authorities and other users should use SWEREF 99 instead of other reference systems is because the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The change of reference system should be implemented in order to facilitate the exchange of information inside Sweden and so that the users of GNSS receivers (Global Navigation Satellite System) can refer to the municipality coordinate system easier.</p><p>The aim with this 10 point thesis, on C-level, is to suggest solutions for municipalities and organizations that are changing reference system.</p><p>The study results in a supervision for municipalities’ work procedures at a change of reference system, and show what they should consider during measuring of complement points to underlie their transformation. Geographic information is accessible in a large number of administrations and companies in the municipality. To avoid missing any organization at a change of reference system, an investigation of which data should be transformed has been made. A surveillance of two transformation functions in ArcMap and one in GTRANS are compared with GNSS technique measured coordinates for comparison divergence between the transformations in a future change of reference system.</p><p>Measurements with GNSS technique are made to improve the present reference system in the municipality. The measurements are made because coordinates shall be present in SWEREF 99 as well as the from-system. These points shall keep a high accuracy with respect to equipment, method of measuring etc. The result from the transformations in ArcMap and GTRANS minimize the tensions and deformations in the municipal horizontal geodetic control network in different ways in relation to the coordinates. The numbers of known points in relationship for transformations are larger in ArcMap than GTRANS, a comparison in a small area in central Gävle shows that ArcMaps results are better than GTRANS.</p>
19
Zhang, Aining. "The role of geomatics in supporting sustainable development policy-making." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0022/NQ52336.pdf.
Full text
20
Turner, Erin. "Undergraduate cartographic and Geomatics/GIScience education at North American universities." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/MQ57691.pdf.
Full text
21
Young, Garfield Osbourne. "Curriculum and pedagogical developments within university surveying & geomatics courses." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13231/.
Full textAbstract:
In the last three decades there have been major changes in how surveying is practiced, and what surveyors have been trained and educated to do with the new expertise that technological advancements offer. Within surveying communities it is generally acknowledged that the changes in the profession have brought about an urgent need for change in educational programmes if they are to have relevance to contemporary practice. The thesis reports on a research study which explored the nature and impact of the educational strategies used in university surveying courses. The study employed a nested case study approach at two levels. Firstly, fifteen initial case studies of university programmes from thirteen countries provided a broad perspective of surveying education across the world. Secondly, two of these programmes were selected for in-depth comparative case studies to provide deeper understandings of the educational systems in two distinct contexts. The inquiry methods for the initial case studies included documentary analysis and interviews of senior academics and representatives of professional surveying bodies. For the two in-depth case studies, the inquiry methods included observations of pedagogical activities, focussed group discussions and interviews of university staff and students as well as professional surveyors. The interviews were recorded and thematically analysed. Some concepts from Bourdieu’s theory of practice were useful in coming to understandings about the interrelationship between the field of surveying education and the field of surveying practice. The study identified tensions and prospects within and between the programmes studied and between them and the profession. The key issues that emerged were: the predominance of highly discipline specific curricula with some indication of a shifting to a more broad-based education; tensions between industry expectations and the academic focus; a high level of interest in the university courses from the profession and uncertainty about the real meaning of geomatics and its relevance to local surveying communities. The findings have critical implications for how surveying/geomatics educational courses are developed in the future. The empirical evidence led to the development of a proposed improved model for contemporary surveying/geomatics education.
22
Lin, Shih-Yuan. "A non-contact geomatics technique for monitoring membrane roof structures." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/667.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents research carried out to monitor the behaviour of membrane structures, using the non-contact geornatics techniques of terrestrial laser scanning and videogrammetry. Membrane structures are covers or enclosures in which fabric surface is pre-tensioned to provide a stable shape under environmental loads. It is most often adopted by structural engineers as the solution to the roof of a building. Membrane structures resist extemally-imposed loads by a combination of curvature and tension of the highly flexible fabric membrane. However, collapse may occur if the real deflections exceed the designed tolerances. In order to avoid such failures in the future, a generic monitoring system, incorporating in-house software for observing and analysing the behaviour of existing membrane structures, was developed. This system has been applied to observe three different types of as-built membrane structures, with two primary issues investigated and resolved. The first aspect of the research was devoted to determining differences which exist between the designed model and the finished structure. To address this issue, terrestrial laser scanning was applied to generate the as-built model of the membrane structure. Statistical comparisons were then performed between the resultant scanned model and the designed mathematical model. The disparities were determined, allowing the factors causing these differences to be further explored. The second research issue investigated the effects of loading on the displacement of the membrane roof. A videogrammetric monitoring system employing stereo CCD video cameras was used to observe the movements of the membrane roofs. In order to accommodate constraints at the test site, a non-contact control method and structured light targeting were adopted in the monitoring scheme. Once the processing was completed, displacements occurring over time were determined. Investigations on the three types of finished membrane structures have been successfully achieved, proving the system to be a viable metrology tool for structural engineers involved in monitoring real-world membrane structures. The system effectively fulfilled the requirements for understanding the interaction of membrane surface geometry, applied loads and structural response. The information acquired by the system offers great potential to collaborating engineers who are involved in the design and refinement of such structures.
23
Zhang, Aining Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "The role of geomatics in supporting sustainable development policy-making." Ottawa, 2000.
Find full text
24
Turner, Erin Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Undergraduate cartographic (and geomatics/giscience) education at North American universities." Ottawa, 2000.
Find full text
25
Musa, Ahmed. "Mathematical and numerical methods in satellite gravity gradiometry." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391294.
Full text
26
Delgado, Guillermo. "Land and housing practices in Namibia: cases of access to land rights and production of housing in Windhoek, Oshakati and Gobabis." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31363.
Full textAbstract:
As in many other places, socio-spatial production in modern Namibia has been a top-down practice approached in professionalised and standards-oriented ways, focused on outputs. 'Participation’ or involvement of 'beneficiaries’ has over time been added to the repertoire of such practices, but this remains driven by a one-dimensional definition of what’s 'better’. Even when the modernist and centrally-controlled practice of Apartheid is generally condemned, its ways with regards to spatial production remain largely unquestioned and, by consequence, preserved and expanded. At the same time, the urban transformation that Namibia has seen in recent decades has been astonishing. These changes expose the limits of previous approaches and at the same time lay bare new openings for socio-spatial production. There are various practices that have been part of this urban transformation, but they remain largely undocumented. Furthermore, even when they are approached, they tend to be assessed in terms of their outcomes; relegating the ways of the process as a matter of lesser importance. My research accounts for three practices of socio-spatial production in three urban areas in Namibia today. These spaces have been the result of a considerable number of iterations, and have been made possible through the contribution of a wide array of participants; many of them performing beyond their 'main’ role. I have documented these practices from their beginnings up to the point in which they are today. My research is structured as a case study. Within it, I have undertaken semi-structured qualitative interviews with participants, and also employed maps, official documents, and photographs to triangulate the accounts. I have then brought these together with debates on co-production and autogestion, exploring whether the practices can be understood in these terms. Other subsidiary debates fundamentally related to these two are those on state and civil-society divisions; the nature of grassroots associations ('social movements’); and on-going and long-standing debates on land and housing. My analysis suggests that, while the way in which the practices take place varies greatly, they can be considered the sites of various kinds of innovation. I have also found that the 4 ways of the grassroots, while having legitimacy and equality as strong values, show new options in terms of representation. I have found that co-production, as understood in the more recent literature, is a useful way to understand the practices, particularly if a variety of strategies is recognised. Autogestion is a useful term to keep in mind, and although such term has some overlaps with the recent concepts of autogestion, only some understandings of the term stemming from practice enable a reading of the cases I document. The division between civil society and the state today consists of a constellation of parties not necessarily fitting in these two categories. The practices stand also as the more recent evidence within a trajectory of production of space undertaken through a social process involving the grassroots in Namibia, one in which visibility and participation are no longer the only aims, but where negotiation and some degree of autonomy is sought. Lastly, land ownership (real or perceived) emerges as a powerful force in making the process collective and enabling socio-spatial development. Land rights are exercised throughout, often irrespective of the degree of de jure tenure at stake. Housing becomes a devise for savings and resource mobilisation, as well as an income-generating activity sometimes enabling further livelihoods. My study adds to on-going debates on co-production, and to some extent to those on autogestion. For the first, it expands on earlier observations that brought the term to the socio-spatial realm and provides new openings for the term to establish bridges to other debates. It also contributes to the archive of socio-spatial practices in Namibia, and to the pending project of a socio-spatial history of the country. It provides new insights for those engaged in socio-spatial production of what are the experiences and the openings for a new kind of practice that moves away from the assumptions that have placed us in the urban crisis that characterises our times.
27
Kekana, Dime. "A way to use GIS (incl. geomasking) to understand homelessness: a focus on the spatial characteristics of and around sleeping locations of the homeless in Cape Town City Bowl." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32246.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The homeless individuals/groups are the most vulnerable and less dignified member of the society. The evidences lie in the nature of their sleeping locations in the urban spaces, amongst other aspects. An internationally unique and integrated approach (GIS/socio-spatial) is utilized to enhance the knowledge and understanding of homelessness through analyzing the spatial characteristics of and around the sleeping locations of the homeless community in the urban public spaces, Cape Town City Bowl (South Africa) case study. Data Source and Method: Through the quantitative approach, the individual sleeping locations of The Homeless, including their surrounding characteristics, are observed daily for two weeks, 13-26 Oct. 2018 (total of all locations: n = 9515, daily average, n = 680) between 06:00 am and 08:30am. The analyses entail sequential application of eight analytical methods; spatial distribution, attribute analysis, proximity analysis, weather analysis, and obfuscation/geographic masking Results: (a) The daily individual sleeping locations of the homeless individuals and groups increase over time but their geographic distributions are similar or display insignificant/little variations. (b) Majority of these locations are situated in marginalized urban spaces that deny The Homeless personal privacy/security, human dignity and perpetuate stigmatization and social isolation. (c) The sleeping locations of The Homeless are far from the sources of basic needs to enhance their livelihoods (e.g., water resources). (d) Although more data is needed, however, the limited data in this research show that weather conditions are (in)directly related to the changes in the numbers of sleeping locations. (d) The voronoi masking and weight rand perturbation are best presenting the sleeping location of The Homeless without compromising the spatial confidence of The Homeless, and the spatial distributions/patterns of these locations. Conclusion: GIS (geographic information system) is capable of enhancing the knowledge and understanding of homelessness, and therefore, it can inform establishments and improvements of initiatives/measures that seek to reduce the vulnerability of the homeless community and/or integrate them with the public community, especial in the urban spaces.
28
ARCO, EMERE. "Geomatics for Mobility Management. A comprehensive database model for Mobility Management." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2711582.
Full textAbstract:
In urban and metropolitan context, Traffic Operations Centres (TOCs) use technologies as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) to tackling urban mobility issue. Usually in TOCs, various isolated systems are maintained in parallel (stored in different databases), and data comes from different sources: a challenge in transport management is to transfer disparate data into a unified data management system that preserves access to legacy data, allowing multi-thematic analysis. This need of integration between systems is important for a wise policy decisions.
This study aims to design a comprehensive and general spatial data model that could allow the integration and visualization of traffic components and measures. The activity is focused on the case study of 5T Agency in Turin, a TOC that manages traffic regulation, public transit fleets and information to users, in the metropolitan area of Turin and Piedmont Region.
In particular, the agency has set up during years a wide system of ITS technologies that acquires continuously measures and traffic information, which are used to deploy information services to citizens and public administrations. However, the spatial nature of these data is not fully considered in the daily operational activity, with the result of difficulties in information integration. Indeed the agency lacks of a complete GIS that includes all the management information in an organized spatial and “horizontal” vision. The main research question concerns the integration of different kind of data in a unique GIS spatial data model. Spatial data interoperability is critical and particularly challenging because geographic data definition in legacy database can vary widely: different data format and standards, data inconsistencies, different spatial and temporal granularities, different methods and enforcing rules that relates measures, events and physical infrastructures.
The idea is not to replace the existing implemented and efficient system, but to built-up on these systems a GIS that overpass the different software and DBMS platforms and that can demonstrate how a spatial and horizontal vision in tackling urban mobility issues may be useful for policy and strategies decisions.
The modelling activity take reference from a transport standards review and results in database general schema, which can be reused by other TOCs in their activities, helping the integration and coordination between different TOCs.
The final output of the research is an ArcGIS geodatabase, tailored on 5T data requirements, which enable the customised representation of private traffic elements and measures. Specific custom scripts have been developed to allow the extraction and the temporal aggregation of traffic measures and events.
The solution proposed allows the reuse of data and measures for custom purposes, without the need to deeply know the entire ITS environment system. In addition, The proposed ArcGIS geodatabase solution is optimised for limited power-computing environment.
A case study has been deepened in order to evaluate the suitability of the database: a confrontation between damages, detected by Emergency Mapping Services (EMS), and Traffic Message Channel traffic events, has been conducted, evaluating the utility of 5T historical information of traffic events of the Piedmont floods of November 2016 for EMS services.
29
Jordan, Gavin H. "Integrating geomatics and participatory techniques for community forest resource assessment in Nepal." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311287.
Full text
30
Steudler, Daniel. "A framework for the evaluation of land administration systems /." Connect to thesis, 2004. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001043.
Full text
31
Yom, Jae-Hong. "Design and implementation of automated mapping systems : with emphasis on image handling." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312787.
Full text
32
Van, Der Walt Marthinus. "Development of a land use-based spatial water requirements model for the Berg Water Management Area." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27071.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted to investigate the requirements for the spatial modelling of current and future water demand in the Berg River Water Management Area in the Western Cape of South Africa in order to produce a prototype model from which annual water requirements could be computed and spatially visualised. To accomplish this the spatial distribution of water demand within the study area was first investigated. The data required to perform spatial water demand modelling of diverse land uses and socio-economic activities were evaluated. Finally, the question of improving spatial water demand modelling at the catchment scale was considered from both a systems design and a technical perspective. The resulting model consists of two main modules; one performing a rudimentary monthly soil water balance to obtain monthly and annual irrigation requirements, and another applying preconfigured determinant layers derived from land use to town zone layers in order to determine annual urban water use intensities per areal unit. The resulting model prototype follows a sequential workflow based on a series of components that combine to produce a spatial overview of water use intensity within the study area. Water demand was found to be predominantly irrigated agriculture in the upper reaches of the Berg (mainly wine grape) and was found to be dominated by intensive industrial users in the central and lower reaches. The model was designed so that new data could be introduced in order to expand the system where required, as well as allowing for updated datasets to be incorporated as they become available. Due to the uncertainties inherent in the modelling and approximation of real world phenomena, the importance of establishing a set of structured, stable, predefined user requirements and system specifications were noted as a fundamental requirement for improving model development and design efficiency and ensuring model validity. It was further found that incorporating additional datasets, covering parameters related to the system, may serve to improve model accuracy, but could easily lead to compounded errors if not correctly parameterised or adequately validated.
33
Sanli, Dogan Ugur. "GPS strategies for tide gauge monitoring with assessment of sea level analysis models." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285534.
Full text
34
Du, Toit Ina. "The hidden life of Montrose : strategies for building in an historic environment." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13160.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.<br>Densifying within an already built-up, existing city inevitably brings up the question of how to build within an existing built environment, such as Cape Town, where many buildings have historic meaning. This dissertation explores this question and ultimately argues that we should use the spaces and buildings that we have more effectively, rather than searching for greenfield sites outside the city where we can build from scratch. I see buildings as existing in time and having a life of their own – this means that they can accommodate different uses and occupations throughout their lifetime. I believe the evidence of other uses and previous occupations should not be hidden and that exposing the secret life of buildings will create a richness and complexity in our urban environment. Structures retain time, they exist of layers of time and this should be acknowledged. The emergent themes of architecture as palimpsest, of time and the thinking about sustainability was developed in response to urban sprawl and the disregard of all that went before it; both remnants of modernist policies still evident in the development and expansion of Cape Town. Reusing, renovating, adapting and extending older buildings retain the social and cultural capital embodied in buildings and it is inherently more sustainable because it involves less material use, less transport energy, less energy consumption, less pollution during construction and the reduction of generated landfill waste. The site occupies a large piece of land right next to the historic Leeuwenhof, Waterhof and Welgemeend farm homesteads in the Upper Table Valley. The programme was developed in response to site; both in terms of its current use and its history. It is a design for a satellite campus for the Cape Peninsula University of Technology’s Hospitality Management School. The historic waterways serve as inspiration for a circulation spine and route connecting and supporting a series of free-standing buildings. The discovery of really thick masonry walls at Montrose serves as inspiration for the principle of using thick masonry walls as another ordering system. Building within an existing environment will become increasingly important as expansion of cities becomes less favourable as less land is available. This dissertation serves as a case study of possible ways to build within an existing environment where some buildings have historic value.
35
Jankes, Taryn. "Building walls, breaking boundaries : a study of difference and inclusion at Deer Park, Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13335.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.<br>‘Building Walls: Breaking Boundaries’ is based on the manner in which difference and diversity meet in the city and how architecture and the built environment can be used as a tool to either facilitate interaction or hinder it. Cape Town is a vibrant multicultural city, endowed with a monumental natural landscape that defines its edges. Despite this, the visual language of the city is one of spatial separation; a result of the enduring legacy of Cape Town’s colonial past and modernist city planning, and further perpetuated by the segregationist programme of the Apartheid regime. Cape Town is a place where a variety of natural features and diverse landscapes and persons are concentrated, but each remains isolated and segregated, resulting in the potential of this diversity being lost. My interest lies in the exclusion of both people and animals from the city. Through contradiction and confrontation, this dissertation investigates what happens when these previously excluded groups are reintroduced back into what society deems normal or acceptable. It explores what changes occur when our neatly compartmentalised lives are injected with the unfamiliar, where the boundaries we define are traversed, and where the walls we built to keep ourselves separate are broken down. In this dissertation report, I will explain how people with mental illness and nature are included through an architectural intervention that reconciles the contrasting programs of a halfway house, a sanctuary for neglected city animals and a gateway building as a public interface for Table Mountain. While I have chosen a specific site and designed a building particular to that site, several other comparable sites have been identified within the city where this concept is relevant and can be applied within site specific opportunities and constraints. However the focus of this dissertation is not an urban scaled intervention but an architectural solution to a site which allows the fullest exploration of the conceptual framework underlying this project.
36
Martin, Juan Manual. "Formed by fire : a mountaineering basecamp at the pine plantation in the dystopia of Cecilia Forest." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13159.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.<br>I am a mountaineer. I hike, I climb, I camp (mostly without a tent, unless it snows of course). It has been a serious hobby since I was a Boy Scout at the age of fourteen. At the beginning of the year, I saw an opportunity to add a personal touch through experience and interest in order to better design my project-to-be. Something that I have noticed about myself throughout my years of studying is that I am a very image or visual orientated person and so for my participation in the studio design exercises, I sought images that could have provided me with some direction towards an architectural concept. The siting of my project came about while I was riding my motorbike on Rhodes Drive on my way to Camps Bay for sundowners. As I rode past the parking entrance, I did not realize that I passed Cecilia Forest, a place that I was familiar with and yet, as it turns out, not any more. After establishing my site, I explored its history and present condition, which turned out to be quite extensive, hence my initial interest. At this point I very much wanted to arrive at a decision concerning a programme that would be suitable with regards to everything I had researched as well as my own personal drive intents. There were earlier attempts to design a public bathhouse and educational facilities, but the final decision came about after a completed a rather long and grueling trek across the Drakensberg for nearly two weeks, hiking. Hiking has always been a major interest of mine that originated from my youth as a Scout. I consider myself relatively experienced in all aspects of the activity and physical conditions, as far as South Africa is concerned, but this led me to question as to why I had not fully explored the Cape Peninsula from a hiking perspective. This further led to me linking Cecilia Forest to a macro / urban scheme as well as initiating a relative programmatic response through my building.Timber has fascinated me as a structural element because I have yet to work with it at that level. The use of timber was an obvious choice to better integrate the actual site through the physical and symbolic as well as a sustainable approach. The end result is a building suited for mountaineers and the general public to inhabit the forest at various hours and through various uses. The size and bulk will be controlled by what was built there previously as well as what is needed to accommodate a reasonable capacity of people.
37
Murray, Noëleen. "Architectural modernism and apartheid modernity in South Africa a critical inquiry into the work of architect and urban designer Roelof Uytenbogaardt, 1960-2009." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11183.
Full textAbstract:
Roelof Sarel Uytenbogaardt who died in 1998 was, and remains, an important and influential figure in the disciplines of architecture and urban design in South Africa. As a prolific practitioner and academic at the University of Cape Town his influence has been far-reaching. Making use of previously unexamined archival material, this study examines - in detail - the extent of this influence. Importantly the thesis seeks to situate Uytenbogaardt’s work in relation to the rise of apartheid and speculates about the persistence of modernism in contemporary spatial practice. Through examining both the conception and reception of Uytenbogaardt’s buildings and urban plans, the work locates modernist approaches to design prevalent in architecture and urban design as products of apartheid modernity. The controversial and contested nature of Uytenbogaardt’s works provides space for critical analysis and this is evident in the uneven reception of his projects. Architects and urban designers revere him as a ‘master’ while pubic sentiment has very often been strongly negative. This is most strikingly evident in the case of the recent proposed destruction of one of Uytenbogaardt’s most controversial works, the Werdmuller Centre. Constructed in the 1970s after forced removals in Cape Town’s suburb of Claremont, since 2007 architects and urban designers have argued passionately for its retention as an example of ‘timeless’ modernist heritage. Through this and other examples, the thesis explores the complexities presented by professional practice in architecture and urban design in the context of designing buildings for designated publics under apartheid. It argues that the work of practitioners and academics such as Uytenbogaardt is intimately linked to the social crisis of apartheid and that the resultant relationship is one of the complex and interrelated crises of modernist design that persist in post-apartheid South Africa.
38
Combrinck, Willem Ludwig. "Crustal deformation and geodetic site stability determination using GPS." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4193.
Full text
39
Van, Graan André. "Negotiating modernism in Cape Town: 1918-1948 : an investigation into the introduction, contestation, negotiation and adaptation of modernism in the architecture of Cape Town." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11100.
Full textAbstract:
In the early twentieth century modernism radically changed the world, affecting all aspects of life. Twentieth century modernism incorporated new inventions that changed the modes of travel, it restructured methods of production and the way in which people lived, worked and played. This radical change was to be reflected in all sectors, and was particularly manifested physically in architecture. Modernism demanded a radical shift from an architecture that had been slowly evolving from nineteenth century eclecticism, overlaid with reactionary concerns for the overwhelming impact of industrialisation on society and on the built fabric of cities. It sought to identify new ways of dealing with these issues and finding new methods of spatial production and ultimately creating a new means of architectural aesthetic expression that came to be referred to as the Modern Movement. The response to the radical change implied in modernism resulted in a process of negation and contestation, leading through negotiation to a mediated compromise before an ultimate acceptance.
40
Majoos, Dylan. "The repurposing of the Bellville Marshalling Yard: Achieving an spatially efficient and equitable Metropolitan Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12957.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.<br>Metropolitan Cape Town is a city that is characterised by immense scenic beauty which has propelled the city to become one of the top tourist destinations in the world. However, if one explores deeper past the intimate streets of the central city and natural beauty of the Table Mountain, one finds a city that is wrought with a lack of functionality and a generally poor urban experience The city is plagued by the shortcomings of modernist planning and Apartheid spatial segregation which translate in a city which is devoid of appropriate located activity and a separation of land uses and people. Therefore, the majority of the Cape Town built from is devoid of character and activity of which the historic centre enjoys. Through a thorough analysis, I identified key limiting factors within the urban form of Cape Town. These were primarily attributed to the overwhelming tendency for car dominant planning and the presence of limitless sprawl. It was also acknowledge that separate development and modernist planning ideals still permeate through the urban form and significantly limits the urban experience. This dissertation identified key interventions which attempted at bringing back a sense of place to soulless communities. The primarily focus was on the emphasis on activity corridor development and the implementation of high density infill development. This afford opportunities to curb urban sprawl and to bring citizens closer to economic and social services which are significantly lacking in the poorer peripheral areas. Lastly, this document highlight efficient precinct design criteria and the effective and efficient division of land. In conclusion, it was identified that it is paramount to undo the misconceptions of developing a city which is simply drivable and focus more on development that create liveable cities.
41
Williams, Gaarith. "Izwe Lethu!: Visions of decoloniality through the re-imagining of electrical services." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13013.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.<br>This dissertation concerns itself with the land question in South Africa. Izwe Lethu is the title of an apartheid struggle song, still sung today in the many social uprisings and moments of civil disobedience. The title translates to ‘Our Land’ in the Nguni languages. My response to the question of land is explained through the design and reconfiguration of three electrical sub-station buildings. The project seeks to uncover alternate understandings of the built environment by exploring it through the fact of blackness. It tries to demonstrate that the problem of coloniality as complex and systemic, and spans many dimensions-psychological, social, and political. Each site is used to explore a different method of unravelling these dimensions, bringing a certain aspect of decoloniality into focus on each site. Addressing these complex questions in architectural discourse is part of a strategy to realise, envision, and inspire actualising decoloniality. The underpinning ideas of the project are that land is central to decolonisation and the Fanonian idea of decolonisation as self-creation or Becoming.
42
Duncan, Kyla. "Perspectives on Urban Land Restitution: what constitutes good enough?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13072.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.<br>The amendment of the Restitution of Land Rights Act (no. 2 of 1996) has reopened the period for lodging a land claim in South Africa until 2019. The previous period for lodging a claim closed in 1998 but claims lodged over 20 years have still not been attended to. There exists a concern that with the re-opening of land restitution within both rural and urban spaces, that previous claims will not be seen to, while new claims will take years to resolve. This is unacceptable. How can the process of land restitution be better managed, conducted and performed so as to fulfil the requirements and goals of land restitution –reconciliation and social justice. The focus of this research turns to the urban space in the Western Cape through a purposefully selected case study of a successful land claim. South African cities and human settlements are growing, with South Africa being the most urbanised country in Africa. The competition for urban space will increase in time. With the demand for land being the contextual reality, urban land restitution needs to position itself in relation to South Africa’s dispossessing past. Through a qualitative research approach, a single case study of urban land restitution was used through which to answer the research questions: what constitutes good enough in relation to land restitution in a competitive urban environment? Findings revealed that urban land restitution is complex, with multiple layers, multiple actors and multiple challenges. It exists in a fine balance of factors influenced by competing agendas. Good enough in this space covers communication, recognition of individuals, respect and action. It entails a three dimensional process and accounts for change in people, place and space over time. Recommendations relating to these findings are themselves pitched at multiple levels from the national to the city space and at more general concerns. Recommendations attempt to promote good enough in a complex urban land restitution environment for the future.
43
Papanicolaou, Stiliani Sofia. "Exploring walking and mapping in an architecture design studio." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13713.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliography.<br>The aim of the research was to develop and explore a practice in architecture that would respond to the shifting nature of everyday contemporary life. The practice of design is examined and ideas about space from philosophy are used to broaden the scope of architecture without moving away from its disciplinary intentions and obligations. A theoretical framework is used to underpin the method proposed for student-collaborators to test. The testing by students took place over a number of iterations, each iteration being used to improve the proposal. This dissertation captures the proposal in a moment of its unfolding.The proposal requires a few more iterations before its conclusion.
44
Welz, Thomas Marcel. "Church - Club: A study in cross programming as a means of survival for the church in the contemporary urban environment." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17422.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation sets out to discover a new of mode of being for the Pentecostal church which will ensure its survival and continued existence in the contemporary urban environment of the Claremont Central Business District. It is argued that the institution of the church is under threat in the urban context. The church is in decline and urban land is in demand. The dissertation argues cross-programming the church will ensure its survival within this context by introducing new and diverse revenue streams which reduces dependence on dwindling membership contributions, opens up new dialogues between the church and its context, thus justifying its place within the context by filling gaps within and building on the existing contextual programmatic mix. Central to this programmatic problem the space of the church still needs to hold onto and express the essence of what it is that makes it a sacred space. The initial data gathering was done by site, programmatic and statistical analysis; this data was gathered on site and through various publications. In addition, theoretical and technical research was gathered through various peer reviewed texts and publications. In the process of gathering information, common themes, patterns and connections between the different analyses were made which in turn led to further research or conclusions which assisted the argument and informed the design development of the project. In conclusion, it was found that the central idea of cross-programming the urban church was workable. Here there would undoubtedly have to be some compromise as each programme presents different requirements, but ultimately the application of the key theoretical theme of verticality brought unity to the scheme. Additionally, there was also need for some unconventional construction techniques to achieve comfortable internal environments. Finally, the result of the incorporation of diverse programming proved to yield greater and more diverse interactions between the church and its context which ultimately ensures its place, role and survival in the contemporary urban context.
45
Rozendaal, Ross. "Interactive visualisation using 3D graphics : an archaeological case study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4980.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 82-84.<br>The methods of displaying data from archaeological surveys are of considerable importance in representing realistic impressions of archaeological sites that few people are able to visit. In many cases, further study of a site is not possible at the location of the site. This would require that the surveyed data of the site be displayed in such a way as to be accurate and realistic as well as including interactive tools, enabling further studies. Traditional displays of archaeological data have been either in textual form or in the conventional hardcopy form of maps and drawings. With the advent of computers and computer graphics alternative methods of displaying the data have become possible. 3D graphics have become an important method of displaying archaeological data. In 1995 and 1996 the Department of Geomatics at the University of Cape Town participated in the survey of the 3.6 million year old hominid footprints in Tanzania. The survey was required for the documentation and study of the footprints. In order to facilitate this in 3D graphics, software packages that allowed user interactive tools to be included in the display had to be investigated. Methods of displaying the data also had to be investigated. Java3D was selected to create the 3D models and user interactive tools that included measurement tools, gradient tools and profile tools. These tools were created for the Laetoli footprints but were applicable in other archaeological displays as well.
46
Tomer, Sharóne. "Examining a boundary : spatial manifestations of social practice along the Buitengracht, Cape Town, 1652 - 2005." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5582.
Full text
47
Fraser, Duncan. "Lion Battery Museum." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5600.
Full textAbstract:
Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The idea of space lies at the root of all architecture; architecture is about spatial experience. This thesis is an investigation around the ideas of architectural spatial experience how we experience space and how to construct rich spatial experiences in architecture. The design project revolves around re-imagining the Lion Battery site on the slopes of Signal Hill. The design tests out the theoretical explorations laid out in this document and then incorporates tradtional and parametric approaches in the resolution of the design. The aim of this project is to explore experiential architecture.
48
Botha, Lezanne. "The architecture of learning environments and community integration." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5604.
Full textAbstract:
Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>This thesis is focused on architectural theories and design concepts which will add to the discourse of the what learning environments should or could be in the 21st century. It is based on the idea that spaces for learning need to be more “alive and that architecture can stimulate positive social interaction between people. The current public education system and its related standards, requirements and policies, with regards to physical learning spaces, does not address the present needs of children as it ought to. Many schools in South Africa are not built and designed to function as sustainable buildings and they often do not cater for the economic, environmental or social needs of current and future learners, teachers and community members.
49
Van, Graan André. "The influences on the two inner city housing projects of the Bo Kaap and District Six in Cape Town that were built between 1938 and 1944." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6085.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-81).<br>This study examines the social, political, and architectural influences that shaped the two Cape Town inner city housing projects in the Bo Kaap and District Six that were built after the introduciton of the Slums Act of 1943, between 1938 and 1944. During this period there there were changes in the hegemonic perceptions of the city. The eradication of slums served as a catalyst for spatial change and the dislocation of lived space as the city sought to re-create itself as a modern, rationally planned metropolis. The civic authorities and architects appeared to use the criteria of the modernist discourse as a mechanism to wield social control on marginalised members of society; creating mechanisms of removal, exclusion, surveillance and control based on ethnicity. This reflects the perceptions of the French philosopher, Foucault regarding power and control.
50
Graaff, Linda. "Re-presenting Cape Town through landscapes of social identity and exclusion : an interpretation of three power shifts and their modifications from 1652-1994." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8928.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (p. 122-124).<br>Colonial practice informed the development of the built environment in Cape Town and resulted in the production of a landscape that represented the hegemony of colonial power. Where the over-arching concern is the relationship of power and space, the process followed locates the inquiry in issues of social identity and exclusion as representations of power relations. If it is assumed that space is a function of social values and practices that are related to power, it follows that when power changes the built landscape should also change. This is an enquiry that tests this assumption. Cape Town is a port situated in southern Africa, and was initially developed as a colonial settlement in the seventeenth century when the Dutch assumed power over the Cape; thus constituting the first power shift located in this argument. The undeveloped wilderness was changed from a condition of 'origins' to a town representing Dutch power and social practice. The second power shift occurred when the British took over the colonised territory in 1806. While Dutch spatial practice was concerned with defending itself in an unknown territory, the British embarked on a process of expansion into the interior that was dominated by practices of segregation. Union government in 1910 marked the third shift and the beginning of a neo-colonial era where spatial practice remained largely aligned with a modernist European paradigm that produced alienating landscapes. The post-structuralist theories of Lefebvre and Foucault are interpreted to illustrate the 'representation of space' and 'power' in this context. The different spatial sets characteristic of each period, are presented as a construct that is developed to inform the method. The power shifts and modifications that constituted power changes through time are interpreted through a process of narrative and mapping. The accumulation of spatial practice through time produces a hybrid landscape where spatial practice in the context of the post-colonial condition represents cultural difference.