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Journal articles on the topic 'Geometrical drawing'
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1
Браилов and A. Brailov. "The Analysis of Measurement Systems for the Construction of Geometrical Models of the Product." Geometry & Graphics 4, no. 1 (March 17, 2016): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18056.
Full textAbstract:
In the present work, on the basis of the analysis of
existing systems of measurement for geometrical modeling, their
components are defined. The system of measurement for geometrical
modeling consists of three mutually perpendicular planes H-П1,
F-П2, P-П3 and connected with them right three-dimensional
system of coordinates OXYZ. The major features of such system
related to ways of formation of the two-dimensional complex drawing
of a geometrical image on the basis of laws of projective connections
are revealed. As the first feature of systems of measurement
for geometrical modeling it is possible to allocate a way of orientation
(binding) of the right three-dimensional system of co-ordinates
OXYZ concerning the set planes of projections H-П1, F-П2, P-П3.
The second feature of systems of measurement for geometrical
modeling is the way of conditional division of space on a part (semi
spaces, quadrants, and octants). The third feature of systems of
measurement for geometrical modeling is the way of numbering of
the allocated parts of space (semi spaces, quadrants, and octants).
Interrelations of elements of different systems of measurement with
different projections of a geometrical image are defined. The relative
location of projections of a geometrical image into the constructed
two-dimensional complex drawings for various systems of
measurement is determined. For the American system of measurement
in the two-dimensional complex drawing of a geometrical
image the horizontal projection is located above a frontal projection,
and the profile projection is located to the right of a frontal projection.
For the European system of measurement in the two-dimensional
complex drawing of a geometrical image the horizontal
projection is located below a frontal projection, and the profile
projection is located to the right of a frontal projection. The logic
behind a particular arrangement of views in the projective drawing of
a product in the analyzed systems of measurement is explained. For
the realized way of construction of the complex drawing in the
American system of measurement the horizontal projection is the
bottom view, and the profile projection is the left-side view. For the
realized way of construction of the complex drawing in the European
system of measurement the horizontal projection is the top view, and
the profile projection is the left-side view.
2
Li, Mei, and Yan Dong. "The Geometrical Characteristic Description Method of Part Drawing." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.711.
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Aim at the demand of feature modeling and recognition of engineering drawing, this paper put forward a mechanical file as real time defining and editing tool of feature, converting the restriction of parametric drawing to the same point relation, structure restriction and dimension restriction, marking the drawing structure of the file using of the extending data entity. So that the file can support the feature modeling and recognition, realize the structure management of engineering drawing.
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Hajiahmadi, Saeed, Majid Elyasi, and Mohsen Shakeri. "Evaluation of drawing force by a new dimensionless method in deep drawing process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 234, no. 13 (June 16, 2020): 1604–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405420929770.
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In this research, geometric parameters were given in dimensionless form by the Π- Buckingham dimensional analysis method in the dimensionless group for deep drawing of a round cup. To find the best group of dimensionless parameters and the fittest dimensionless relational model, three scales of the cup are evaluated numerically by a commercial finite element software and stepwise regression modeling. After analyzing all effective geometric parameters, a fittest relational model among dimensionless parameters is found. In addition, the results of the new dimensionless model were compared with the simulation process and experimental tests. From the results, it is inferred that the geometric qualities of a large scale can be predicted with a small scale by the proposed dimensionless model. Comparing the results of the dimensionless model with experimental tests shows that the proposed dimensionless model has fine precision in the determination of geometrical parameters and drawing force estimation. Moreover, to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed dimensionless model, the predicted value of the model has been compared by the experimental results. It is shown that the dimensionless ratios of geometrical parameters can significantly affect the estimation of the drawing force by the proposed dimensionless model, but based on similarity law, because of the constant value of these dimensionless parameters in different scales, they could not be used for dimensionless analysis separately. It is also inferred that because of the effect of contact area on the coefficient of friction, which is changed by scale changing, the only dimensionless parameter that can significantly change the drawing force is the coefficient of friction. Finally, it is shown that the dimensionless geometrical parameter and the coefficient friction should be combined for dimensionless analysis.
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Dong, Yan, and Mei Li. "The Geometrical Feature Recognition Method of Part Drawing." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.523.
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This paper put forward a geometry feature recognition method of part drawing based on graph matching. Describe the constraints structure of geometric feature in geometric elements and those constraint relationships. Match sub-graph in contour closure graphics and those combination. Using linear symbol notation of chemical compounds in chemical database for reference, encode to constraint structure of geometry graphics, establish recognition mechanism of geometric characteristics by structure codes. Taking the fine-tune screw and fork parts for example, this method has been proved to be effective.
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Mastipanova, A. V. "ABOUT SOME PROBLEMS GEOMETRY OF FOOT DRAWING." Educational Dimension 13 (May 26, 2022): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/educdim.5758.
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The tasks of construction of geometrical elements by the division of corners are examined in the article. A method passed the tests on employment on drawing on the fine-art faculty of the Kryvoy Rog state pedagogical university.
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Харах, Matvey Kharakh, Козлова, Irina Kozlova, Славин, Boris Slavin, Славин, R. Slavin, Гусева, and T. Guseva. "Parameterization Theory Elements and Parametric Drawings in "KOMPAS-Graphic"." Geometry & Graphics 5, no. 1 (April 17, 2017): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/25125.
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Some elements of geometric objects’ parameterization theory are considered in this paper. An analysis of this theory development by leading Soviet scientists has been presented. It is known that figure’s parameters are determined by adding shape parameters with location parameters. In the drawing these parameters are expressed as dimensions. Relations between figures are determined or by their mutual affiliation, or by perpendicularity, or by their touch. These ratios allow reduce dimensions number on a drawing. The link of the parameterization theory with creation of parametric drawings has been demonstrated in the considering
work. Definitions for such concepts as parameter and parametric drawing have been given. A various geometric figures’ parameters calculation principle has been considered. The order of assignment in parametric form of different geometrical objects (point, straight line), as well as any figure’s position in space has been presented. Assignments of geometrical conditions for membership, parallelism, perpendicularity, contact by parameters have been considered. A detailed description for parametric drawing in "KOMPAS-Graphic" program has been presented. Advantages and features related to carrying out of parametric fragments (with geometric and dimensional dependencies) and drawings in this program for various industries have been laid in detail. Some features and approaches in carrying out parametric drawings and fragments, which worthwhile to apply for different modifications of items when needed to creat group drawings, have been proposed for consideration. Traditional methods for creation of the group drawings using CAD systems effectively increase intellectual work’s performance. The CAD systems capabilities use will enable designers to implement various ways and possibilities comprehensively for creation and presentation of graphic information.
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Toteva, Pavlina, and Krasimira Koleva. "Application of New Generation Geometrical Product Specifications in the practice in Small and Medium Sized enterprises." MATEC Web of Conferences 299 (2019): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929904006.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing development of modern methods of product manufacturing implies an improvement and a new approach to the modern drawing specification in design documentation for design requirements of different parts and assemblies. The ISO Technical Committee 213 has published 148 standards and 48 otherstandards are under development. These standards set out requirements for the accuracy of geometrical characteristics of products. They define requirements for the linear sizes, dimensions different than linear sizes as well as geometric deviations such as form, orientation, location deviations and run-out, and surface roughness and waviness. Ways of indication of these requirements in the drawings are discussed. Many standards are dedicated to the requirements for measuring these characteristics, to measuring instruments for linear sizes and geometrical characteristics. This report reviews the general concept of geometrical product specifications (GPSs), the GPS model, and new terminology by tolerancing linear sizes, geometrical specifications that facilitate communication between design manufacturing and verification and prevent ambiguous interpretation of requirements. Based on the metrological expertise of the drawings in a number of small and mediumsized enterprises, the degree of implementation of the new generation GPS standards and the problems related to it have been analysed.
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Nowacki, J., J. Fujiwara, P. Mitschang, and M. Neitzel. "Deep Drawing of Fabric Reinforced Thermoplastics: Maximum Drawing Depth and Mechanism of Wrinkle Formation." Engineering Plastics 6, no. 4 (January 1998): 147823919800600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919800600402.
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Sheet forming technologies have recently evolved for continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic materials. Stamp forming is gaining in importance. Because of very low cycle times this method is very suitable for the production of simple parts. Although the advantages of stamp forming are obvious, the main characteristics have not been investigated sufficiently yet. In this report a deep drawing tool is described, which enables a standardized investigation of the maximum drawing depth of any chosen material. The deep drawing of fabric reinforced thermoplastic sheets has been examined using various geometrical moulds, punch radii and drawing depths. The results of these investigations, and of others concerned with wrinkle formation, are presented in this paper.
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Nowacki, J., J. Fujiwara, P. Mitschang, and M. Neitzel. "Deep Drawing of Fabric Reinforced Thermoplastics: Maximum Drawing Depth and Mechanism of Wrinkle Formation." Polymers and Polymer Composites 6, no. 4 (May 1998): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119800600402.
Full textAbstract:
Sheet forming technologies have recently evolved for continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic materials. Stamp forming is gaining in importance. Because of very low cycle times this method is very suitable for the production of simple parts. Although the advantages of stamp forming are obvious, the main characteristics have not been investigated sufficiently yet. In this report a deep drawing tool is described, which enables a standardized investigation of the maximum drawing depth of any chosen material. The deep drawing of fabric reinforced thermoplastic sheets has been examined using various geometrical moulds, punch radii and drawing depths. The results of these investigations, and of others concerned with wrinkle formation, are presented in this paper.
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Suharyoso, Kasim. "PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENGGAMBAR RAGAM HIAS GEOMETRIS DENGAN KERTAS LIPSI." Jurnal Dimensi DKV Seni Rupa dan Desain 6, no. 1 (October 12, 2021): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jdd.v6i1.9136.
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AbstractThe Increasing of Geometrical Ornaments Drawing Ability with LIPSI Paper Media. The result of the geometrical ornaments drawing in SMPN 2 Gending tend to not indicated the ornamental characteristic. The students had some difficulties to organizing the visual elements into motives, and to developing pattern or repetition into the geometrical ornaments. Therefore, the media to help students to draw is needed. This research aims to describe the application and the increasing of the of geometrical ornaments drawing ability by using LIPSI paper media. This research is a quantitative research, with the Classroom Action Research (CAR) the Hopkins model by two cycles method. In each cycle the research conducted the action of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The data obtained through observation, student works, and research notes. There are increasing of the students drawing ability that is indicated through the rise of KKM achievements as much 24,13 % in cycle 1 and 3,46 % from cycle 1 to cycle 2. The increasing from pre-cycle to cycle 2 is 27,59%. The that symmetrical and measured characteristic of LIPSI paper had helped students drawing activities toward significant improvement.Keywords: drawing, geometrical, ornaments, lipsi paper AbstrakPeningkatan Kemampuan Menggambar Ragam Hias Geometris Dengan Kertas LIPSI. Hasil kegiatan menggambar ragam hias geometris di SMPN 2 Gending cenderung belum menampakkan karakteristik ragam hias. Siswa kesulitan dalam mengorganisir bentuk-bentuk geometris menjadi motif dan mengembangkan pola atau pengulangan menjadi ragam hias, sehingga diperlukan media yang dapat membantu dan mempermudah siswa dalam menggambar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan penerapan dan peningkatan kemampuan menggambar ragam hias geometris menggunakan kertas LIPSI. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, dengan metode yang dipergunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas model Hopkins dengan dua siklus. Pada masing-masing siklus dilakukan kegiatan perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, karya siswa, dan catatan penelitian. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh adanya peningkatan kemampuan menggambar siswa yang ditandai melalui peningkatan pencapaian KKM (Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal) sebesar 24,13 % pada siklus I, dan 3,46 % dari siklus I ke siklus II. Sehingga apabila dilihat secara keseluruhan peningkatan dari Prasiklus ke Siklus II adalah 27,59 %. Sifat dari kertas LIPSI yang simetris dan terukur membantu aktivitas peserta didik dalam menggambar, sehingga terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan.Kata kunci: menggambar, ragam hias, geometris, kertas lipsi
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Grobecker, Betsey, and Richard De Lisi. "An Investigation of Spatial-Geometrical Understanding in Students with Learning Disabilities." Learning Disability Quarterly 23, no. 1 (February 2000): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1511096.
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Five- to 13-year-old children of average intelligence who had been identified as having learning disabilities (LD, n = 85) and not identified as having learning disabilities (NLD, n = 94) were individually tested for their ability to mentally anticipate and execute pegboard transformations of square and diamond figures, complete free-hand drawings of these figures, and draw figures on the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration. For students with LD and NLD alike: (a) age-related improvements in transformational strategies and in drawing were evident; (b) diamond figures were easier than square figures to transform but more difficult to draw; and (c) significant intra- and intertask correlations were obtained on pegboard and free-hand drawing tasks. These findings are consistent with predictions derived from Piagetian theory and suggest that a general spatial-cognitive mechanism determined performance on the tasks administered. On most tasks, students with LD did not perform as well as same-aged students with NLD even though the effects of IQ were reduced via matching and statistically controlled. The LD-NLD group differences are interpreted as reflecting delayed development in this general spatial-cognitive mechanism in students with LD rather than a specific skill deficit in visual-perceptual processing. Diagnostic and remedial implications of the findings and interpretation are discussed.
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Pervadchuk, V., D. Vladimirova, and I. Gordeeva. "CONTROL OF GEOMETRICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE PROBLEM OF OPTICAL FIBERS DRAWING." Applied photonics, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2411-4367/2018.4.05.
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Mastipanova, A. V. "SOME APPLIED TASKS OF THE GEOMETRICAL DRAWING IN THE ACCORATIVE ART." Educational Dimension 10 (May 27, 2022): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/educdim.5798.
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An author offers a postulate about possibility of imitation of arbitrary smooth curve by a line with the tsyrkuVnymy interfaces. The method of construction of decorative compositions having in the composition lines with the tsyrkulnymy interfaces is developed, which passed out the test on the artistically-graphic faculty of the Kryvorozhskogo state pedagogical university.
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Lim,, T. C., Μ. Fujihara,, Μ. Zako,, S. Ramakrishna,, and H. M. Shang,. "Deep Drawing Simulation of Knitted Fabric Composites Considering Geometrical Non-Linearity." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 8, no. 2 (April 1999): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm.1999.8.2.113.
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Mithalal, Joris, and Nicolas Balacheff. "The instrumental deconstruction as a link between drawing and geometrical figure." Educational Studies in Mathematics 100, no. 2 (November 24, 2018): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10649-018-9862-z.
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Özgün-Koca, S. Asli. "Use of Archimedes' Process for Approximating Circle Area as an Introduction to Limits." Mathematics Teacher 100, no. 8 (April 2007): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.100.8.0550.
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An introductory activity for the limit concept with a geometrical and historical foundation. A connection among Geometry, Measurement and Calculus is highlighted with the help of technology. The geometrical drawing, measurement and graphing capabilities of both TI-89 and Geometer's Sketchpad make it possible for students to experience Archimedes' process for determining circular area.
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Константинов and A. Konstantinov. "Technical Drawing in Graphic Knowledge’s Bases Studying." Geometry & Graphics 5, no. 1 (April 17, 2017): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/25124.
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In this paper the interrelation of an axonometric and perspective drawing with a represented object’s real vision is considered. What are the most noticeable axonometric and perspective deformations, how is the axonometric and perspective image of a subject differs from its outlines, visible in real space, in nature? Why it is necessary to choose some types of axonometric projections and separate types of linear prospect with care? What mistakes in drawing of such elementary objects as geometrical bodies, household ware, details and models, arise from literal following to "conditional rules" of this or that commonly accepted projection? How to eliminate these characteristic errors and to bring an image closer to subject’s visual perception? Irrespective of specialization and preliminary training on the academic (art) drawing, students, as experience shows, approach the beginning of training in the technical drawing approximately with identical "baggage" of knowledge, skills, deep rooted mistakes and ideas on the drawing of elementary objects. How justify this? – By means of the fact that drawing teachers due to various reasons don't explain (or can't explain) practically, and don't correct the simplest constructions of elementary objects’ images. If when drawing "from nature" there is almost always "a copying method" with additional adjustment of result, then when analytical drawing (technical drawing’s primary subject) an image object before draftsman’s eyes is absent, and it is required not only to strain fantasy and imagination, but also to know what to do, possess certain techniques, and sequence of constructions. The technical drawing is not some special type of images which is constructed according to its own laws, but alleviated, simplified version of the art drawing. A main aim of the technical drawing is not creation an object’s artistic image, but a "technical aspect" – identification on the image of the object its construction, geometrical surfaces, components, functional principle. In the technical drawing the drawing itself has conditionality, i.e. the drawing is carried out not absolutely as the object is seen by a draftsman, but as it will look in one of axonometric (perspective) projections chosen by the draftsman. How to bring the drawing by "conditional rules" into coincidence with the object "vision"? First of all it’s necessary to exclude all possible and in advance "programmed" on "failures" projections and positions of imaging objects. To consider probability of images’ "visualization shortcomings" even in quite "acceptable" projections, and eliminate these shortcomings with appropriate methods. To correct unsuccessful images.
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Čučaković, Aleksandar, and Biljana Jović. "The advantages of using digital 3D animation in geometrical education." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 9, no. 2 (2017): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1701065q.
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New media technologies and interdisciplinary approach is used and represented in this paper. The aspects and research results are shown through the production methodology, multimedia learning tool and the final application in geometrical education. The method we used here is obtained from overlapping of multiple disciplines such as architecture, structural systems, descriptive geometry and computer animation. Geometrical construction is presented on visual dynamic educational device for students of technical and applied arts faculties. Multimedia DVD is named: "Geometrical education by using 3D animation principles and tools". Geometrical education enables development of the understanding and perception of space as well as the ability of spatial representation. Drawing is not the goal of geometrical education. Our aim is to simplify the perception of geometrical construction, and by the method is proposed in this paper it is quite possible.
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Magnani, Lorenzo. "Thinking through drawing." Knowledge Engineering Review 28, no. 3 (July 30, 2013): 303–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026988891300026x.
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AbstractThe concept ofmanipulative abductionis devoted to capture the role of action in many interesting cognitive situations: action provides otherwise unavailable information that enables the agent to solve problems by starting and performing a suitable abductive process of generation or selection of hypotheses. We observe that many external things, usually inert from an epistemological point of view, can be transformed intoepistemic mediators. I will present some details derived from the history of the discovery of the non-Euclidean geometries that illustrate the relationships between strategies for anomaly resolution and visual thinking. Geometrical diagrams are external representations that play both amirrorrole (to externalize rough mental models) and anunveilingrole (as gateways to imaginary entities). I describe them as epistemic mediators able to perform various explanatory, non-explanatory, and instrumental abductive tasks (discovery of new properties or new propositions/hypotheses, provision of suitable sequences of models as able to convincingly verifying theorems, etc.). I am also convinced that they can be exploited and studied in everyday non-mathematical applications also to the aim of promoting new trends in artificial intelligence modeling of various aspects of hypothetical reasoning: finding routes, road signs, buildings maps, for example, in connection with various zooming effects of spatial reasoning. I also think that the cognitive activities of optical, mirror, and unveiling diagrams can be studied in other areas of manipulative and model-based reasoning, such as the ones involving creative, analogical, and spatial inferences, both in science and everyday situations so that this can extend the epistemological, computational, and the psychological theory.
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Satheeshkumar, V., and R. Ganesh Narayanan. "Predicting the deep drawing behavior of adhesive bonded sheets using equivalent geometrical heterogeneities." International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering 06, no. 03 (September 2017): 1750018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s204768411750018x.
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In the present study, a simplified approach for predicting the deep drawing behavior of adhesive bonded steel blanks using initial geometrical heterogeneities is proposed. In the proposed approach, the influence of adhesive properties on deep drawing behavior of adhesive bonded blanks is predicted by designing and identifying the equivalent geometrical heterogeneities in the base materials constituting adhesive bonded blanks. Thus, the usual practice of representation of adhesive layer and its properties during modeling simulation is eliminated. This approach would help us to overcome the difficulties while incorporating adhesion/adhesive properties during deep drawing simulation. A set of thickness heterogeneity factor ‘[Formula: see text]’ has been used to predict the effect of hardener to resin (H/R) ratio of adhesive. For instance, in the case of circular-finite groove with diameter of 60[Formula: see text]mm, it is identified that the cup height during deep drawing evaluated at [Formula: see text], 0.729, 0.666, 0.666 and 0.595 is equivalent to H/R ratios of 0.6:1, 0.7:1, 0.8:1, 0.9:1 and 1:1 of adhesive, respectively. In other words, different adhesive properties are equivalent to different thickness heterogeneity factors ‘[Formula: see text]’ that should be identified in order to predict the deep drawing behavior of adhesive bonded sheets.
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Belarifi, Farid, and E. Bayraktar. "The Tredgold Method in Reverse Engineering to Check the Assembly of a Conical Spur Gear Using CAD." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1598.
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Defining and generating a working drawing of a conical spur gear to replace an original piece requires geometrical and dimensional constraints, especially when the cutting module is determined by reverse engineering. We propose an approach using Computer aided design (CAD) to establish the drawing definitions and to verify the assembly of the conical spur gear. We have developed the model drawing according to the standard International Standard Organisation (ISO), in which we introduce a new non-existent coast into the current dimensioning and check the assembly using the Tredgold method, which transforms a conical spur gear into a model cylindrical spur gear, to which the equations for parallel cylindrical gearing can be applied. This method determines a good estimate if the couple of gear verifies the specified geometrical conditions of assemblies. We present the developed algorithms, as well as the results of applications of various programs.
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Lee, Ju-Won, and Keun Young Huh. "An Inference of Plot Design Method Applied to Pavilions in the Rear Garden of Changdeokgung Palace as World Cultural Heritage." Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 26, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2023.26.3.257.
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Background and objective: It is necessary to study traditional plot design methods or manners that the engineers in Joseon Dynasty were inferred to have conventionally applied to garden spaces or buildings. This study aimed to infer a conventional plot design method practiced by the engineers who created pavilions in Joseon Dynasty.Methods: The four pavilions were selected, whose original design drawings or documents are still unavailable to reveal the method or manner. The actual measurement plot design layouts measured and drawn on the spot by Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA) were analyzed. A geometrical approach was adopted to infer a method that drew the plot design layout on the ground using only non-gauged rulers (or strings). In the analysis, basic figure frames such as circles or lines were overlaid on the actual measurement drawings, and whether they matched was checked. Then, we inferred the sequential processes of the plot design method to implement the layout on the paper or the ground.Results: It was inferred that the plot design layouts of the four pavilions might have the same method. The results suggested that the engineers in Joseon Dynasty, without accurate numeric scale bars or protractors, might apply a geometrical method to determine the position of each pavilion pillar with the figures and intersections created in composing two identical circles overlapping by the radius. Two drawing processes implemented by the method inferred to reproduce the layout of Buyongjeong pavilions with a complex structure coincided with the actual measurement plot design drawing.Conclusion: The result could infer a plot design method and process applied to the four pavilions in the Rear Garden of Changdeokgung Palace in Joseon Dynasty. It may be a drawing method using string as a numeric scale bar or protractor, which could be used to interpret and reproduce the plot design of traditional Korean garden pavilions built in Joseon Dynasty.
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OVIAWE, Jane Itohan, and P. S. O. Uddin. "Impact of geometrical construction on students’ creativity skills for sustainable development." EDUCATUM Journal Of Science, Mathematics And Technology 7, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/ejsmt.vol7.2.5.2020.
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The study investigated the perception of teachers and students on the impact of geometrical construction on students’ creativity skills for sustainable development in Edo State technical colleges using descriptive survey research design. The sample for comprised of 20 technical drawing teachers and 150 year II students randomly selected from the six technical colleges Edo State. A 20-item questionnaire was derived from literature reviewed was the instrument for data collection. The instrument was subjected to face validation by three experts. Cronbach Alpha method was used to establish the internal consistency of the instrument and a reliability index of 0.85 was obtained. Mean statistic was used to answer the research questions while the t-test was used to test the null hypothesis at .05 level of significance. The findings from the study indicated among others that geometrical construction enhances students’ diversity thinking; there was no significant difference between the perception of technical drawing teachers and students on the impact of geometrical construction on students’ creativity skills for sustainable development. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended among others that: technical drawing teachers should utilize problem-solving instructional methods and strategies in their lessons in order to carry each student along, enhance students divergent thinking and creative skills, foster scientific and technological discoveries.
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Merklein, Marion, Fabian Zöller, and Vera Sturm. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Frictional Behaviour under Consideration of Varying Tribological Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 966-967 (June 2014): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.966-967.270.
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In present time the FE-simulation of body parts in sheet metal drawing processes has to be continuously improved to increase the prediction accuracy. The objective of this paper is to describe a methodology to improve the simulation by mapping the complex tribological conditions of the process in the simulation. This methodology focuses on the dependency of influencing parameters on the friction coefficient. The influence respectively the dependency of these factors has been investigated, both in an experiment of a plane strip drawing test and in a FE-simulation of this test. With the sensitivity analysis in the numerical simulation it is possible to compare the implemented Coulomb-friction-model against the experimental results. The results of the experimental and numerical investigation show the need of further investigations on a more geometrical complex test to prove if it is possible to transfer the knowledge and dependencies that has been found in the experiment with the strip drawing test to a more geometrical complex test.
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Camacho, A. M., C. González, E. M. Rubio, and M. A. Sebastián. "Influence of geometrical conditions on central burst appearance in axisymmetrical drawing processes." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 177, no. 1-3 (July 2006): 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.04.037.
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Mastipanova, A. V. "GEOMETRIC DECORATIVE ORNAMENTS BY METHODS DRAWINGS USING COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES." Educational Dimension 20 (June 12, 2008): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/educdim.6555.
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Geometrical decorative ornamental pattern by drawing methods using computer technologies. Some kinds of round and ribbon ornamental pattern, at the heart of which are the compasses couplings without the procedure of couplings' constructions, and also using computer technologies for ornamental pattern's creation were examined in the article.
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Yossifon, S., and J. Tirosh. "The Maximum Drawing Ratio in Hydroforming Processes." Journal of Engineering for Industry 112, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899294.
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The concept of Maximum Drawing Ratio (MDR), supplementary to the well-known Limit Drawing Ratio (LDR), is defined, examined, and illustrated by experiments. In essence the MDR is reached when the two basic failure modes, namely: rupture (due to tensile instability) and wrinkling (due to buckling instability) are delayed till they occur simultaneously. Thus the process is beneficially utilized for higher drawing ratio by postponing earlier interception of either one of the above failures alone. The ability to suppress (up to a certain extent) the appearance of these failure modes depends heavily on the fluid-pressure path which controls the hydroforming process. The effect of the material properties, like the strain hardening exponent, the normal anisotropy of the blank, etc., as well as the geometrical properties (i.e., the thickness of the blank, the radius of curvature at the lip, etc.) on the MDR, are considered here in some detail. The nature of the solutions by which MDR is reached is discussed.
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Yeomans, David. "The Geometry of a Piece of String." Architectural History 54 (2011): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00003993.
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line, n. […] 4. cord for measuring, levelling etc. […] 6. long narrow mark traced on surface. O.E.D.Between the design and the realization of a building there are a number of ‘drawing’ processes, either on the building site or in the workshop, which range from the setting out of the plan to the production of ‘shop drawings’ from which details are derived. Unfortunately, while the latter have survived in sufficient numbers to have attracted scholarly attention, the setting out of the ground plan leaves no trace. Nevertheless, it is that process that determines the building's basic geometry. While much scholarly effort has gone into attempting to divine the geometrical principles behind designs from Antiquity to the Gothic period, it has not always been informed by an understanding of the setting-out process. Without taking the constraints of that process into account, one is reduced to looking for geometrical relationships within the building, and of course one will find some. Clearly, there were geometrical principles behind almost all buildings, if only that they should be rectangular or symmetrical, but the difficulty is that a few simple rules can easily result in a large number of geometrical relationships within the building that were not used, and possibly not even recognized, by their designers. At the very least, therefore, we should consider how to distinguish those relationships that were actually used by the designers and builders from those that are merely epiphenomenal.
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Furushima, Tsuyoshi, and Ken-Ichi Manabe. "Heat Assisted Dieless Drawing Process of Superplastic Metal Microtubes - From Zn22Al to β Titanium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 838-839 (January 2016): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.838-839.459.
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A heat assisted superplastic dieless drawing process that requires no dies or tools is applied to the drawing of a Zn-22Al and β titanium superplastic alloy for not only circular but also noncircular microtubes such as square, rectangular and noncircular multi core tubes having square inner and rectangular outer cross sections. As a result, the tendency has been to increase the limiting reduction in area with increasing strain rate sensitivity index m value. We successfully fabricate Zn-22Al alloy, AZ31 magnesium, β titanium circular microtubes with outer diameter of 191μm, 890μm and 180μm, respectively. Furthermore, a noncircular micro tube, which has inner square tubes with a 335μm side, and an outer rectangular tube of 533×923μm were fabricated successfully. During the dieless drawing process, the geometrical similarity law in cross section which the tube is drawn while maintaining its initial shape can be satisfied. The smooth surface can be obtained in case of superplastic dieless drawing process without contact situation with dies and tools. Consequently, it is found that the superplastic dieless drawing is effective for the fabrication of circular and noncircular multicore microtubes.
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Humienny, Zbigniew. "Geometrical Tolerances—Separate, Combined or Simultaneous?" Applied Sciences 13, no. 10 (May 16, 2023): 6106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13106106.
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The 14 geometrical tolerances defined in ISO 1101 are supplemented by the alphanumerical symbols defined in this standard and some other standards. The symbols CZ (combined zone), SZ (separate zones) and SIM (simultaneous requirement), which are crucial for the development of robust measuring programs for coordinate measuring machines, were introduced at different times or in different standards. It is shown that the symbol definitions are not always complete. Sometimes there are no univocal rules for their use, which, in some cases, leads to ambiguity in the specifications given by a designer. It is also pointed out that certain functional requirements can be controlled by different symbols, and it is not always clear if the indications are equivalent. This makes it difficult to understand and interpret a drawing by a metrologist and, thus, may lead to uncertainty in the assessment of product conformity regarding specifications. The identified ambiguities and problems in the specification of functional requirements are shown in several figures. Corrections and additions to current standards are proposed.
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Hamed, Najat Najmaldeen. "(Computerized Geometrical Design Thread Forms ( ISO Metric Thread." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 12, no. 4 (November 30, 2005): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.12.4.08.
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The aim of this research is to computerized design of thread forms (ISO Metric thread) by converted geometrical description of thread forms elements into mathematical equation which have well coherency with one of most popular (CAD) format file that is Data Interchange Formats File (DXF). The developed (CAD) part of the system of thread forms designs allows automatic thread forms drawing generation using the AutoCAD Rel.2000 package thus by using (DXF). The developed system was tested and showed beneficial results when applied to thread forms design and found the capability to obtain thread forms in three dimensions with reduced time and efforts and high accuracy.
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ALFADHLANI, T. M. A. ARI SAMADHI, ANAS MA'RUF, and ISA SETIASYAH TOHA. "AUTOMATIC COLLISION DETECTION FOR ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE PLANNING USING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL SOLID MODEL." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 10, no. 02 (December 2011): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021968671100220x.
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Assembly sequence planning of a product involves several steps, including generation of precedence constraints, generation of assembly sequences, and selection of assembly sequences. Generation and selection of assembly sequences should be able to guarantee the feasibility of assembly. Assembly will be feasible if there is no collision between components when assembled. Detection of collision-free path of assembly can be done in an automated way. There are a number of collision detection methods that have been developed, but the method requires a complicated process of data geometry analysis. This paper proposes a method for detecting a collision-free path of the assembly component in a more simple way. Geometrical data required, taken from the three-dimensional (3D) solid drawing in the form of stacked drawing in computer-aided design (CAD) systems. Retrieval of geometrical data of components and detection of the collision-free path of an assembly were done in an automated way, directly from the CAD system.
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Dmytrenko, V. V. "Problems of tonal modeling of objects life in the educational still life." Educational Dimension 16, no. 1 (December 14, 2006): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/educdim.6089.
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In the article the conxidervd qiuxtran of the use of method of imaginary replacement of the articles cf compoundform by combination of simple geometrical bodies, with the purpose of finding of border of chiaroscuro on the surface of domestic objects, during drawing of educational still lives.
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Dmytrenko, V. V. "Problems of tonal modeling of objects life in the educational still life." Educational Dimension 16, no. 1 (December 14, 2006): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/educdim.6089.
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In the article the conxidervd qiuxtran of the use of method of imaginary replacement of the articles cf compoundform by combination of simple geometrical bodies, with the purpose of finding of border of chiaroscuro on the surface of domestic objects, during drawing of educational still lives.
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KASPAR, JAROMIR, MARCEL SVAGR, PETR BERNARDIN, VACLAVA LASOVA, and OTOMAR SEDIVY. "DIMENSION REDUCTION USING THE INVERSE STAMPING METHOD." MM Science Journal 2021, no. 4 (October 13, 2021): 4810–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2021_10_2021089.
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The aim of this work is to improve the inverse stamping method and increase its robustness. The first, crucial step of inverse stamping is the reduction of the three-dimensional part into a two-dimensional flat plane. There are several methods for reducing the dimension. These are geometrical methods, methods based on graph theory and stochastic methods. We examine the last two methods because of their reliability. These methods can even be used for geometrically complex structures which include holes, hooks and walls perpendicular to the flat plane. An algorithm which combines several methods for dimension reduction is proposed for use for a wide range of parts. Deep drawing is a widely used technology in the automotive industry and inverse stamping is a useful development tool.
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KASPAR, JAROMIR, MARCEL SVAGR, PETR BERNARDIN, VACLAVA LASOVA, and OTOMAR SEDIVY. "DIMENSION REDUCTION USING THE INVERSE STAMPING METHOD." MM Science Journal 2021, no. 4 (October 13, 2021): 4810–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2021_10_2021089.
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The aim of this work is to improve the inverse stamping method and increase its robustness. The first, crucial step of inverse stamping is the reduction of the three-dimensional part into a two-dimensional flat plane. There are several methods for reducing the dimension. These are geometrical methods, methods based on graph theory and stochastic methods. We examine the last two methods because of their reliability. These methods can even be used for geometrically complex structures which include holes, hooks and walls perpendicular to the flat plane. An algorithm which combines several methods for dimension reduction is proposed for use for a wide range of parts. Deep drawing is a widely used technology in the automotive industry and inverse stamping is a useful development tool.
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Taleb Araghi, Babak, Markus Bambach, and Gerhard Hirt. "Comparison of some Final Part Geometrical Characteristics of Cylindrical Cups Manufactured by Deep-Drawing and Two-Point Incremental Sheet Forming." Key Engineering Materials 410-411 (March 2009): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.410-411.355.
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Asymmetric incremental sheet forming (AISF) is a new sheet metal forming process in which sheet metal parts are produced by CNC-controlled movements of a simple ball-headed forming tool. Despite its flexibility and successful application in many cases, AISF has not yet been established in an industrial context due to some still existing process limits such as severe thinning, which strongly depends on the inclination of the part surface, as well as a limited geometric accuracy due to springback. Furthermore, there is little knowledge available about the properties of parts produced by AISF, especially in comparison to deep-drawn parts. The aim of the present paper is to compare cylindrical cups manufactured by deep-drawing and AISF regarding the resulting strain and thickness distribution. For AISF, different forming strategies were applied. Comparisons of the wall thickness and surface strain distributions show similar results for the cup produced by deep-drawing and the best cup produced by AISF, but the surface strains and the sheet thinning in the parts formed by AISF were larger than in the deep-drawn part.
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Martin, Perrine, and Jean-Luc Velay. "Do computers improve the drawing of a geometrical figure for 10 year-old children?" International Journal of Technology and Design Education 22, no. 1 (October 8, 2010): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10798-010-9140-6.
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Necpal, M., L. Morovič, and B. Bočáková. "A statistical approach in the FEM simulation analysis of geometrical product specification during the cold tube drawing process." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2413, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2413/1/012009.
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The cold drawing process produces high-quality tubes with precise dimensions, good surface quality, and higher strength due to cold forming. The tube drawing is used to reduce the cross section of the produced tubes. Depending on the reduction size, the outer diameter and wall thickness of the final tube changes. Due to the fact that cold drawing of tubes is mostly the last operation of production, it is necessary to pay attention to the process parameters and geometry of the forming tools. This paper presents a statistical evaluation of the influence of the wall thickness of the pre-tube, die diameter, and pre-tube diameter on the measured responses, which were the outer diameter and wall thickness of final tube, after the FEM simulations of the drawing process. For these purposes, a factorial design with three input factors was implemented. The goal of using the simulations was also to investigate whether the single-pass type of tube drawing would guarantee useful statistical results that could lead to significant time and cost reductions. The FEM simulations were executed using DEFORM software of Scientific Forming Technologies Corporation with Design of Experiment application module of this software. A factorial design of experiment has been processed in Minitab v. 17 software. The results show that most of the factors significantly influenced the response variables.
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Tiong, Ing-Kiat, Un-Chin Chai, and Gow-Yi Tzou. "Forming parameters optimizations with drawing force and die stress in wire rod drawing using rotating die under Coulomb friction." MATEC Web of Conferences 185 (2018): 00025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818500025.
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An optimization research is performed on the related forming parameters of wire rod drawing through a rotating die under Coulomb friction. The optimization research is conducted through finite element method (FEM) simulation combined with Taguchi method. There are two drawing characteristic optimizations have been carried out. They are the optimizations with drawing force and die stress. The forming parameters considered in this study are half die angle, frictional coefficient, die fillet, and rotating angular velocity of the rotating die. The same procedure is carried out in both optimizations. The geometrical models of the wire rod, top die and rotating die are constructed firstly in SolidWorks and imported into the FEM simulation software named DEFORM 3D. With the aid of Taguchi method, the simulation experiments are carried out. The results such as drawing force, die stress, and the corresponding signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio are obtained and compared. The influence rank of the forming parameters and the optimal combination of parameters are obtained through the response table for both optimizations. The results such as effective stress, effective strain, velocity field, drawing force, and die stress are studied. The results show that the minimizations of drawing force and die stress are successfully achieved.
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Порошин, Валерий, Valeriy Poroshin, А. Богданов, A. Bogdanov, Игорь Зябрев, and Igor Zyabrev. "Development of additive technological method for gas-powder laser surfacing process." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 1, no. 7 (July 4, 2016): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20598.
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The methods of additive techniques of layer-by-layer laser agglomeration of powder materials at a direct injection and mechanical powder feed are considered. A method for layer-by-layer surfacing with a scanning laser beam is offered. The paths of scanning on a line, ellipse and a circle are analyzed. Samples are processed and investigations on an influence of a processing velocity and the paths of scanning upon geometrical adjectives of layers obtained are carried out. The investigation results obtained allowed drawing a conclusion of the optimality of a scanning path of a laser beam on an ellipse, on geometrical adjectives and a coefficient of powder use.
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Parhusip, Hanna A., Hindriyanto D. Purnomo, Didit B. Nugroho, and Istiarsi S. S. Kawuryan. "Integration of STEAM in Teaching Modern Geometry through Batik Motifs Creation with Algebraic Surfaces." International Journal for Technology in Mathematics Education 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/tme_v30.1.3.
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This paper explains teaching modern geometry for schools using software called Surfer and converting the algebraic surfaces into Batik motifs as one example of teaching mathematics with the integration of STEAM. Typical algebraic surfaces known in schools were, for example, cylinders and spheres which are identified as traditional geometry in this article. On the other hand, other geometrical objects that are not solely identified as traditional ones are called modern geometrical objects. The objects addressed here are governed by multiple algebraic surfaces and existed in the software called Surfer. The software is used for students to learn traditional geometry initially. After knowing how the software Surfer is doing, the software can be used for drawing more complex geometrical objects that are named to be modern geometry. This software is introduced for students in middle schools until students in the university such that technology and art are immersed in learning geometry. In this research, the activity involved creating a Batik piece which was a local textile in Indonesia based on algebraic surfaces created with Surfer. There were two methods of presenting the motif, these are after drawing the algebraic surfaces, students copied the surfaces into textiles using drawing Batik procedures. In the second method, students received some prototypes of algebraic surfaces and converted them into new patterns which were illustrated on a special paper for a copper stamp prototype later on. Using geometry as the routine topic which must be learned by any level of students in learning mathematics, the learning, innovation skills, and technology skills are direct educational values that are targeted by the activities with the approach presented in this article. The educational value is not only for the sake of mathematics and its content but also for integrating mathematics with other fields and exploring mathematical terms such that STEAM is introduced in this sense. The article here has addressed learning geometry by combining technology, art, and creating products to the related geometrical studied objects to develop learning skills, innovative skills, and technology skills that are educational values required skills in 21st-century education.
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Keong, Chen Wong, and Yusri Yusof. "Developing a Feature-Based System for Automated Machining Feature Recognition (ISO 10303 AP 224) of Prismatic Components." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 2375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.2375.
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Manufacturing is one of the main source of income for a developing country, like Malaysia. Start from the beginning of need in the market, a new concept of product is created. From the initial idea based on a need, this idea is hard to be understood if not presented in any form of drawing or prototype. So, computer-aided design (CAD) has the greatest role in helping to visualise the initial concept of a design with presenting the idea in a graphical view. However, this type of data cannot be used directly for the manufacturing process and normally intervention of human effort is needed to define all the manufacturing features from the component drawing again. This work is laborious if not assisted by computer technology. As a result, this paper aims to design a system and database which has the ability to extract geometrical features from drawings and identify all the manufacturing features which is useful for manufacturing process. This project takes a neutral drawing format, ISO 10303-203, as the input of the system. Then, a mechanism which consists of manufacturing feature extraction and feature recognition will be implemented and lastly, a new form of manufacturing feature-based data, ISO 10303-224 will be acquired for the subsequent manufacturing process.
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Liang, Ming, and Zui Hu. "Reconstruction of 3D Building Models Based on Architectural Construction Drawings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 1349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.1349.
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Reconstruction of 3D building objects from 2D drawings is a vital approach for 3D model reconstructing, and the key is symbol recognition of the architectural construction components in 2D graphics. Existing algorithms of graphics symbol recognition are lack of robustness, scalability and with low recognition ability to deal with graphics transformation. This study constructed Attributed Graph to express the geometrical characteristics, topological relationships and semantic characteristics of architectural drawing symbols uniformly. The recognition approach with Attributed Graph can expand easily and flexibly to deal with rotation transformation and scaling transformation. Considering the semantic mapping from drawings to models systematically, created corresponding mapping mechanism to guarantee robustness of model creating system. Achieve internal and external integration of three-dimensional architectural models automatically, by using 3Dmax modeling script. Import models to GeoDatabase, so as to using the model in 3DGIS application.
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Weinschenk, Annika, and Wolfram Volk. "Decrease of Springback by Geometrical Modification of the Sheet Metal Part." Advanced Materials Research 1018 (September 2014): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1018.277.
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Super high strength steels are used as the importance of lightweight construction increases. They induce a high amount of springback during removal of a tool and this has to be compensated. Previously developed methods of springback compensation [1] have two disadvantages. Firstly springback of a u-shaped profile cannot be compensated in one deep drawing step. Secondly these methods only take the material parameters of one sheet metal batch into account. With varying material properties, problems arise because the tool is especially designed for one sheet metal batch. Therefore the objective of this work is not to compensate springback but to reduce it by a preventive measure which allows the production of a u-shaped profile by one deep drawing step. An additional advantage of the measure, which consists of a geometric change of the punch radii and is defined by several parameters, is that the influence of the sheet metal batch on springback is significantly reduced. This can be realised by a suitable choice of values for these parameters. Apart from this measure a method was developed whereby appropriate values for the parameters can be determined on the basis of a metamodel without the need of individual simulations. By way of example the method is applied to a u-shaped profile, however it can be used for structural components in general.
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Zein, Hussein, and Osama M. Irfan. "Optimization and Mapping of the Deep Drawing Force Considering Friction Combination." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (October 4, 2021): 9235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199235.
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Deep drawing is characterized by extremely complex deformation that is influenced by process characteristics such as die and punch shapes, blank shape, blank holding force, material properties, and lubrication. The optimization of the deep drawing process is a challenging issue due to the complicated functions that define and relate the process parameters. However, the optimization is essential to enhance the productivity and the product cost in the deep drawing process. In this paper, a MATLAB toolbox (Pattern Search) was employed to minimize the maximum deep drawing force (Fd-min) at different values of the operating and the geometrical parameters. As a result, a minimum deep drawing force chart (carpet plot) was generated to show the best combination of friction coefficients at the blank contact interfaces. The extracted friction coefficients guided the selection of proper lubricants while minimizing the deep drawing force. A finite element analysis (FEA) was applied through 3D model to simulate the deep drawing process. The material modeling was implemented utilizing the ABAQUS/EXPLICIT program with plastic anisotropy. The optimization results showed that the deep drawing force and the wrinkling decrease when compared with experimental and numerical results from the literature.
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Bohn, Martin, Philipp Steinle, and Fabian Wuttke. "Early Stage Geometrical Deviation Optimization – An Automotive Example for Sheet Metal Parts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 104 (September 2011): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.104.95.
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The recent emphasis on car styling caused tolerance requirements for sheet metal parts in the automotive industry to increase. In addition, the new materials (steel and alloy) have a different deviation behavior around the springback after the deep-drawing process. In the early design phases a product can be optimized to fulfill tight tolerance specifications. This work shows the simulation background and the resulting optimization methodology.
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Morovic, Ladislav, Michaela Kritikos, Daynier Rolando Delgado Sobrino, Jozef Bilik, Robert Sobota, and Maria Kapustova. "A Statistical Approach in the Analysis of Geometrical Product Specification during the Cold Tube Drawing Process." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020676.
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Cold tube drawing provides higher accuracy compared to hot approaches. The process can be used to reduce the dimensions of tubes, and depending on the reduction size, the wall thickness of these may be subject to changes. In the process, any form of variability provoked by external factors is highly sensitive, given that the resulting tubes are often the final step in tube production. This paper focused on the evaluation of the influence of pre-tube factors on key variables after the drawing process, i.e., the final roundness, outer diameter, and wall thickness of the tubes. For these purposes, a factorial design with fixed factors was implemented. It was also a goal to investigate if the single-pass type of drawing would guarantee good statistical results potentially leading to significant time and financial reductions. The measurements were executed in the machine ZEISS CenterMax. The statistical analysis took place on Minitab 19. The results prove that most factors, and their interactions, significantly impacted the response variables, leading the authors to understand that a single-pass approach would not properly work under the conditions defined for the experimentation. These results also allow for reflection on the causes and necessary measures related to lubrication, technological heritage, and quality that would impact the results themselves.
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Evidiasari, Serli, Subanji Subanji, and Santi Irawati. "Students’ Spatial Reasoning in Solving Geometrical Transformation Problems." Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE) 1, no. 2 (August 29, 2019): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/ijolae.v1i2.8703.
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This study describes spatial reasoning of senior high school students in solving geometrical transformation problems. Spatial reasoning consists of three aspects: spatial visualization, mental rotation, and spatial orientation. The approach that is used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Data resource is the test result of reflection, translation, and rotation problems then continued by interview. Collecting data process involves 35 students. They are grouped to three spatial reasoning aspects then selected one respondent to be the most dominant of each aspect. The results of this study are: (1) the students with spatial visualization aspect used drawing strategy and non-spatial strategy in solving geometrical transformation problems. She transformed every vertex of the object and drew assistance lines which connect every vertex of the object to center point; (2) the students with mental rotation aspect used holistic and analytic strategies in solving geometrical transformation problems. Using holistic strategy means imagining the whole of transformational objects to solve easy problems. While using analytic strategy means transforming some components of objects to solve hard problems; (3) the students with spatial orientation didn’t involve mental imagery and she only could determine the position and orientation of the object in solving geometrical transformation problems
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Strnadová, Kateřina, Lukáš Stanislav, Ilona Krabicová, Filip Sabol, Jan Lukášek, Michal Řezanka, David Lukáš, and Věra Jenčová. "Drawn aligned polymer microfibres for tissue engineering." Journal of Industrial Textiles 50, no. 3 (January 15, 2019): 263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718825318.
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Oriented fibres and materials based on orientated fibres have great potential for use in tissue engineering for tissues, where the arrangement of extracellular matrix is fundamental. The drawing method is based on mechanical pulling of a polymer solution out of its base droplet, resulting in a solidified fibre of determined geometrical characteristics. A new machine designed for lab scale drawing was invented enabling a repeatable quality of drawing conditions. The results demonstrate that it is possible to influence and define the fibre diameter and its distribution. From the in vitro experiments, it is evident that the aligned fibres guide the cell growth in the direction of the fibres. Moreover, the prepared fibres were functionalised with polypyrrole as an example of their versatility. These features make drawing an easy and suitable tool for the fabrication of scaffolds with a precise structure for tissues, e.g. nerve tissue.