Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Géométrie – Étude et enseignement'
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Lemmonier, Jore Françoise. "Paradigmes géométriques et formation initiale des professeurs des écoles en environnements papier-crayon et informatique." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070038.
Full textThe theoretical framework of this research distinguishes two paradigms in school geometry : on the one hand Gl (spatio-graphical geometry), whose objects are physical and validations perceptive, and on the other hand G2 (proto-axiomatic geometry), whose objects are theoretical and validations hypothetic-deductive. At the beginning of their training, the relation of pre-service elementary schoolteachers (PE1) with geometry poses problems because they will have to make their pupils work essentially in Gl, whereas they have to use G2 for solving the geometry problems set in by the competitive examination that they have to sit. This work highlights the procedures used by PE1 to draw a perpendicular bisector with instruments under different constraints and in their degree of expertise in perpendicular bisector, through the study of their adaptability to these constraints. Such an adaptability is in fact connected with the cognitive 'availability' of the G2 paradigm. This research confirmed that the PE1 work within various paradigms : Gland G2, but also a local and Personal 'pseudo-paradigm' linked with both Gl and G2. Besides, the 'obviousness' of the drawing, the lack of knowledge and competence in G2, the automation of construction procedures which empties them of any meaning, constitute as many determining factors for the fact that they are not able to work in G2 when the situation requires it. Nevertheless, this work shows that an awareness of these paradigms can be set up through a specific engineering focused upon the writing and justification of construction scripts. This allows the students, at least in the short run, to evolve towards G2 and improve their skills in G2
Çalişkan, Dedeoğlu Nuray. "Usages de la géométrie dynamique par des enseignants de collège. Des potentialités à la mise en oeuvre : quelles motivations, quelles pratiques?" Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070041.
Full textUsing a methodology, based on the observation of ordinary lessons, we investigate how teachers actually use technology in the classroom. We first focus on the gap between, the potentialities of technology, highlighted in the current research, also in the institutional will to incorporate this technology in teaching, and, the reality of its weak integration into the classroom. We consider this gap to be a result of the utilisation constraints of technology, which are studied in numerous works in the didactic of mathematics. The assumption is that teachers, who decide to use technology, are mainly motivated by its potentiality and that they make the decision even though they are aware of its utilisation constraints. We analyse the relation between these potentialities and those expressed in the research and the official curriculum, and their actualisation in class practices. We specifically investigate the uses of dynamic geometry in junior high school classes (12-15 year old pupils), which have received a lot of attention from the research community. Also we investigate the benefits of the uses of dynamic geometry as stressed in the official curriculum in France. In this thesis, we present the analysis of lessons, in which we highlight two different types of uses b; three teachers. In order to more in depth characterise the implementation by these teachers and its complexity, we use a theoretical model to assess this analysis
Petitfour, Edith. "Enseignement de la géométrie à des élèves en difficulté d'apprentissage : étude du processus d'accès à la géométrie d'élèves dyspraxiques visuo-spatiaux lors de la transition CM2-6ème." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC022.
Full textThe aim of our study is to provide a method for teaching elementary plane geometry to dyspraxic fifth and sixth-grade pupils other than making them produce geometric constructions using instruments, because their lack of organisational and fine motor skills prevent them from learning in this way. Based on the instrumental approach of cognitive ergonomics, motor developnnent from neurophysiology and our own observations of dyspraxic pupils, we developed a theoretical framework for analysing the process of learning geometry via construction with geometric instruments. This enables us to separate geometric knowledge from practical skills during the construction process. We then added tools for analysing language and movement activated during geometric constructions created in a pairs setting as well as tools for analysing aids likely to be given to a dyspraxic pupil. Using this framework, we analysed how the dyspraxic pupil is catered for in class, to provide a basis for experimenting with two pupils, one of whom is dyspraxic, outside the classroom. The excellent results obtained pave the way for developing strategies for including dyspraxic pupils in class by creating appropriate conditions to enable them to learn geometry. Moreover, the study leads us to challenge the accepted consensus that construction with geometric instruments described by a geometric language disconnected from the instruments is the best approach for learning geometry in the 5th grade. The study also identifies hidden aspects of learning in geometry
Schlosser, Fabien. "Construction et fonctionnement d'espaces de travail géométriques personnels d'élèves : cas d'une séquence de géométrie dans l'espace en première L à option mathématique." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070075.
Full textThe thesis describes the construction and the functioning of student's personal geometric working spaces, during a sequence of class, in first year of the literary section of French secondary school, with mathematical option. The theoretical frame of the geometric working speces, takes into account an espistemological dimension, as well as a cognitive dimension. An epistemological study of the concept of space, and psychological theories of the spatial abilities, allowed us to hold certain external factors to working spaces, constituent of interpersonal differences. The latter were able to be noticed thanks to a test of spatial capacities and geometrical knowledge. The mathematical activity, and thus the internal functioning of the geometric working spaces, consists of a production and an interpretation of codified signs, belonging to various registers of semiotic representations. The theoretical frame of pragmatic semiotics associated in triadic semiotic of Peirce, allows to structure the cognitive level of the personal working space of the student in a syntactic, semantic and pragmatic plan. Every level has its appropriate functioning, marked by the construction of semiotic lattices, connectings of which are the realizations of the figural, instrumental or discursive geneses. The semiotic mediation of the professor, the external factor in working spaces, intervenes at the level of these geneses. Two approaches were considered to study concretely working spaces : a local approach of micro-didactic analysis of a resolution of geometrical problem, and a global approach at the level of a sequence of class
Gobert, Sophie. "Questions de didactique liées aux rapports entre la géométrie et l'espace sensible, dans le cadre de l'enseignement à l'école élémentaire." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070040.
Full textThe study deals didactic questions about the links between geometry and sensitive space, in the context of elementary school teaching. In the first part we present the framework of "didactic situations" focusing on the notions of "milieu" and "fundamental situation". It then defines different problematics that characterise our relations with space and geometry. This will support the subsequent analysis. The second part is a deepening of the recollection on the use of drawings in geometry, relying on the notions of "geometric problematic" and "modelling problematic" introduced by M. H. Salin and R. Berthelot. In the third part, we develop the notion of "ostension" and identify some elements allowing to master it as a didactic process. The two themes used to support and illustrate our study are patterns of solids and axial symmetry. The fourth part gives account of an experimentation carried out at elementary school. This experimentation studies a "fundamental situation" about geometry as space modelling. Some patterns of interactions between pupils and the "milieu" are pointed out and used to carry on the reflection about the design of didactic situations. The whole research shows that "practical problematic" cannot be ignored at this school level and that the teaching must rely on this fact in order to allow pupils to enter into the geometric problematic or modelling problematic. The "mastered ostension" can then be used, in a learning situation to favour the "devolution" of a "milieu" allowing validation through geometric knowledge
Moussard, Guillaume. "Les notions de problèmes et de méthodes dans les ouvrages d’enseignement de la géométrie en France (1794-1891)." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT2084.
Full textThis thesis systematically surveys textbooks of elementary geometry and analytic geometry published in France between 1794 and 1891 in order to identify the place of problems and methods, the challenges in introducing them, as well as the authors' arguments on the subject. The choices made are related to the institutional and mathematical contexts. This work led to identify steps towards normalization along the century of the organization of the problems in geometry textbooks, which involves the classification of different types of problems. We show how the presence of problems is related to the preparation of examinations and competitions, to educational intentions of the authors, to the idea of implementing the theory and to the idea of what is geometric activity. We also show that the methods are the focus of the attention not only of geometers, but also, to a large extent, of the teachers. We analyze how the geometrical and analytical methods are renewed in the 19th century at the same time they circulate between the books. Different underlying conceptions to the exposure of these methods are identified and throw light on the connection the authors have with the notion of generality in geometry. Finally, we analyze the nature of the relations between problems and methods in our textbooks, and the changes in their interactions over the century
Tenaud, Isabelle. "Une expérience d'enseignement de la géométrie en terminale C : enseignement de méthode et travail en petits groupes." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077090.
Full textCeli, Valentina. "Comparaison de l'enseignement de la géométrie en France et en Italie pour des élèves de onze à seize ans : effets sur leur formation." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070069.
Full textLn order to analyse the current teaching of geometry (pupils from 11 to 16), we compared the ltalian and French systems. By contrasting the organization of contents and the teaching methods, we highlighted some problems peculiar to each of the systems and tried to account for the different choices made in the two countries. A perusal of official regulations and of a number of textbooks, besides a sampling of mathematical problems for the pupils of sixteen enabled us to sketch a concrete assessment of the educational aims in the two countries. These problems have to do with the concept of "area", a notion differently approached by these educational systems, and the "mid-points triangle", a key figure differently approached in the various levels. A study of the pupils' works revealed a series of common difficulties (in the use of figures, for instance) but at the same time underlined some differences maybe reliant on the results of an exhaustive analysis of the textbooks on these subjects
Parmentier, Christophe. "Introduction de l'informatique à l'école : étude d'un transfert entre logo et géométrie, cours moyen 1." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H069.
Full textAfter a complete history of computer science developments in French primary schools, the study incorporates the teaching of programming in order to test its effectiveness in transfer situations and interactions with other fields of knowledge. That for, four tasks were constructed, they assess level of skill in calculation of perimeter and angle measurement, test for progress in the acquisition of certain prerequisites and they measure certain instructional know-hows in logo. After the first testing session, subjects were assigned to two homogeneous groups. Each group then received 12 hours of predefined training. The findings for the 24 pupils who first discovered concepts implicitly through the teaching of programming logo graphics and were then given explicit instruction without the computer, were contrasted with the results for the group of 24 pupils who received training in the reverse order. The findings indicate that weaker students cannot avail themselves of this feature. Dispersion measures and analysis of flux between the tests suggest that logo training mainly benefits good pupils. Nevertheless teachers should use logo only if they take these results in account
Ruminot, Vergara Carolina. "Effets d'un système national d'évaluation sur l'enseignement des mathématiques : le cas de SIMCE au Chili." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070061.
Full textIn our research we studied the effects of a standardized evaluation system on mathematics teaching, considering the specific case of the SIMCE evaluation in Chile. This evaluation increasingly influences the educational system, including its organization, the teaching program, the content, the proposed mathematical tasks, and by consequence the teaching practices. Various studies show that such effects are not necessarily positive. They also show how the pressure exerted on schools and teachers to improve their evaluation scores tend to produce a damaging focus on preparing students to take the evaluation. From a theoretical framework standpoint, we considered the Anthropological Theory of Didactics, which seemed appropriate given the role of institutions within this theory. Since our study was focused on geometry, we also used the concept of Geometric Paradigm. The analyses performed allowed us to position the SIMCE evaluation compared to other international evaluations: PISA, TIMSS and SERCE. We also investigated to what extent SIMCE is representative of the values, the content and the spirit of the Chilean curriculum. During our field study, conducted in 12 institutions, we examined the relation of the teachers to SIMCE, and showed its dependence on the socio-economic level of the institutions. We also identified some of the various measures put in place to prepare students for the SIMCE evaluation, highlighting certain effects on the teaching practices, such as the curricular contraction observed at the level of the mathematical content and tasks
Parzysz, Bernard. "Représentations planes et enseignement de la géométrie de l'espace au lycée : contribution à l'étude de la relation voir/savoir." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077215.
Full textMul, André. "Enseignement de la géométrie du cycle III à la sixième : des éléments du quotidien scolaire." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070076.
Full textBelkhodja, Maha. "La visualisation en géométrie dans trois et deux dimensions en tant que compétence à développer à l'école." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19083.
Full textBraconne-Michoux, Annette. "Evolution des conceptions et de l'argumentation en géométrie chez les élèves : paradigmes et niveaux de van Hiele à l'articulation CM2-6ème." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070025.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to test in Grade 5 (CM2) and Grade 6 (6eme) a new theoretical frame which is a combination of the theory of geometrical paradigms and the van Hiele levels theory. In primary school, geometry is basically spatio-graphic (G1): objects are representations of physical objects and validations are perceptive. The pupil must then master the 1st level of the van Hiele theory: identification-visualisation (N1). In secondary school, geometry tends to be more proto-axiomatic (G2): objects are theoretical and validations are based on hypothetic-deductive reasoning. The student is supposed to master the 4th of the van Hiele levels: informal deduction (N3). The theoretical frame tested here assumes that the 2nd level from the van Hiele levels (N2: analysis) is the "linking level" between G1 and G2. Pupils from Grades 5 and 6 were asked the same questions about triangles, quadrilateral and circle in different ways: sorting drawings, tracing, analysis of drawings and of geometric figures; argumentations; explanations. The analysis of the answers show that a pupil, either in Grade 5 or Grade 6, can work within both geometrical paradigms and at different van Hiele levels, depending on the question he is asked. Analysis being the 2nd of the van Hiele levels has been proved as the "linking level" between paradigms G1 and G2. Activities at this van Hiele level in the context of either paradigm G1 or G2 can reduce the discontinuity between spatio-graphic geometry in primary school and proto-axiomatic geometry in secondary school
El, Amri Mohamed-Essahbi. "Implicite et évidence dans l'enseignement et l'apprentissage de la démonstration en géométrie euclidienne plane au collège : analyse des effets des rapports institutionnels et des rapports personnels d'enseignants sur l'organisation d'un milieu d'apprentissage." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10282.
Full textCarretero, Maria Luz. "Acquisitions géométriques par une activité informatique à la fin de l'école élémentaire : étude de quelques effets de logo-graphique dans l'apprentissage de la géométrie en CM 2." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H069.
Full textThe properties of geometric shapes that can mastered by students based on the study of quadrilateral shapes are unevenly difficult to conceive and to formulate. Certain formulations are only understood by a minority of students, and some concepts like the angle, the diagonal or the parallelogram are far from being mastered by all students at the french elementary school. Moreover, a property which is well identified for some shapes, isn't recognized in others; the geometric properties aren't therefore independent to the learning of the shapes to which they are applied. They constitute a conceptual field in which the concept evolves slowly with the shapes encountered and studied. Our empirical results prove that the action of programming with logo-graphic promotes a better interpretation of geometric properties and a better differentiation of the shapes. This is especially important for the concept of angle and the measurement of angles. Likewise, the experimental group progresses more than control group regarding properties referring to acute and obtuse angles, regarding some properties of the sides, as well as in the recognition of the quadrilaterals, independently of their orientation. Work with the graphic-turtle in spite of its difficulties, offers an opportunity to analyse abstract concepts traditionally difficult to teach
Rolet, Christiane. "Dessin et figure en géométrie : analyse des conceptions de futurs enseignants dans le contexte Cabri-géomètre." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10161.
Full textLamrabet, Driss. "Étude exploratoire des incompréhensions et des erreurs des élèves en géométrie plane." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29332.
Full textBraconne-Michoux, Annette. "Compréhension de la démonstration en géométrie chez les professeurs et les élèves au secondaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29249.
Full textBerthelot, René, and Marie-Hélène Salin. "L'enseignement de l'espace et de la géométrie dans la scolarité obligatoire." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10663.
Full textVergnes-Arotca, Danielle. "Analyse des effets d'un stage de formation continue en géométrie sur les pratiques d'enseignants de l'école primaire." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H002.
Full textAubert, Florence. "Acquisition du concept d'angle à l'école élémentaire : approche didactico-psychologique." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30071.
Full textPiaget and Inhelder (1947) and Piaget, Inhelder and Szeminska’s work (1948) show that angle concept acquisition is very gradual and Munier, Devichi and Merle (2008) underline major obstacle (the length of the arms is irrelevant). In psychology angle concept is a good example of conflict between logical aspects and representational aspects of the thought. The objective of this work is to bring to light the complementarity of these two aspects within the framework of learnings of the geometrical concepts. We compare two didactical sequences centred on the physical phenomenon of the angle of vision. A sequence takes place in the physical space, the other one in the graphic space of the paper. This progress concern for the both sequences the tasks of explicitation, of drawing and comparison but not in the task of variation. In the last series of experiment and in the lineage of Bovet and Voelin’s work (2003) we propose computer-aided situations of learning which present the angle on a representational hillside. The results show that to emphasize the representational aspects of angle concept allows the children to make a success better in the task of variation. These results suggest in the lineage of Lautrey and Chartier’s work (1987) that the representational aspects of the knowledge must not be neglected but have to come to complete logical aspects of the knowledge. The discussion of these results leads to some educational propositions
Gousseau-Coutat, Sylvia. "Intégration de la géométrie dynamique dans l'enseignement de la géométrie pour favoriser la liaison école primaire collège : une ingénierie didactique au collège sur la notion de propriété." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10152.
Full textThis research deals with the learning of the notion of property as a subordination relation between the data and the conclusion. The choices in the structure of this education are based on a work of distinction between the data and the conclusion in a statement. This distinction is necessary for the reinvestment of the properties in the deductive reasoning. From the works of Vygotsky on the semiotic mediation and the works of Rabardel and Trouche on the instrumentation, we conceived situations, integrating a dynamic geometry software, to introduce the properties. The tool dragging of the software is used to carry out the data of a property. Students work on "soft" constructions, stemming from the dragging, where the new characteristics are short-lived. The process of semiotic mediation is at the begging of the construction, by the student, of the instrument Dragging, it continues during the collectives' discussions with the teacher. The construction of the link between the data and the conclusion leans on the use of the dynamism of the environment but also on the interaction between the visual and discursive registers. We studied how the students appropriate the properties, the relation between the data and the conclusion through the study of : - The construction of the expected dragging instrument during the activities with Cabri - The coordination between the graphic and discursive registers in relation with the process of semiotic mediation
Gobert, Daniel. "Incidence des activités de programmation en logo sur les performances en géométrie au cycle moyen et en sixième." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077038.
Full textEnfert, Renaud d'. "De la figure humaine au dessin géométrique : enseignement du dessin et formation ouvrière, 1750-1850." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010506.
Full textBouchard, Jérôme. "La transition primaire/secondaire : étude des programmes mathématiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27466.
Full textTavignot, Patricia. "L'analyse du processus de transposition didactique : exemple de la symétrie orthogonale au collège." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H073.
Full textThe concept of didactical transpositions points at the "decalage" between the reference knowledge (scientific and cultural), the knowledge to be taught, and the knowledge actually taught in the class-room. The understanding of the process requires a careful analysis of the syllabus, the official instructions and commentaries, the schoolbooks, the way lessons are prepared by teachers and the actual practice in the class room. The "noosphere" is the circle where the educational system and its societal environment interact to select the objets to be taught. The psychology of the actors requests that their representations be analysed : representation of science, of students, of teachers' practice. The process of didactical transposition is both sociological. And psychological to make this framework operational, one needs three systems of analysis (for the "noosphere", for the schoolbooks, for the work of teachers). The sliding process that goes from the reference knowledge to the teachers'practice is the empirical evidence of the transposition process. The above mentionned method is applied to the transposition of reflection. The possible ways of teaching reflection to sixth graders are exemplified by the schoolbooks and by the practice of teachers in the classroom. They can be summarized by diagrams and graphs which allow us to pick up the sliding meaning of reflection at different steps of the transposition process
Dissa, Sinaly. "Entre arithmétique et géométrie discrète, une étude épistémologique et didactique du théorème de Bézout et du théorème de Pick." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM008.
Full textThis thesis studies the problem of changing registers in mathematics education. More specifically,we have chosen to study the registers of the continuous and the discrete with interactions in thefields of arithmetic and geometry.This thesis shows, in particular, that "classic" adidactic / didactic situations do not allow suchinteractions to be implemented.We have shown, moreover, that there is a pervasiveness of the continuous in the conceptions of thestudents and even a resistance to consider the discreet. Our experiments were carried out withundergraduate mathematics students and trainers.Our first engineering deals with the study of whole points of a line of the plane. It highlighted theobstacle to recognizing a geometric characterization of the solutions of the Bézout equation(existence and exhaustiveness).This shows that in order to overcome this obstacle of changing registers, it is necessary to propose amore “open” type of situation concerning an epistemologically consistent mathematical problem.In this thesis, we studied the possibility of devolving a change in arithmetic / geometry register inthe context of "Research Situation for the Class". This is one of the objectives of our secondengineering covering the area of whole vertex polygons (with reference to Pick's theorem).Two pre-experiments made it possible to define the conditions for taking into account the discreteregister for a question relating to geometry.We have built a final experiment taking these conditions into account.The didactic analysis of the situation on Pick allows us to affirm that, on the one hand, the SiRCmodel is suitable for the engineering of situations of change of registers. On the other hand, it alsoshows that arithmetic and geometry are relevant mathematical domains for register interactions andwork on proof and reasoning.Among the conditions for proper devolution of registry changes, the nature of the question plays anessential role. We chose in engineering on the Pick problem to ask to search for a "method" or"formula" without specifying the variables and registers concerned.Our experience has shown that this type of question has enabled the development of many strategiesidentified in the mathematical analysis of the problem
Trgalová, Jana. "Étude historique et épistémologique des coniques et leur implémentation informatique dans le logiciel cabri-géomètre." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10184.
Full textLa première partie théorique contient une synthèse du développement historique et l'analyse épistémologique des coniques comme objet de savoir mathématique et une analyse des coniques du point de vue de la transposition didactique. La deuxième partie informatique concerne l'implantation des coniques dans le logiciel cabri-géomètre. Elle présente respectivement la description des algorithmes permettant la visualisation et la manipulation des coniques a l'écran d'un ordinateur, et une analyse de la représentation des coniques a l'interface du point de vue de la transposition informatique. La troisième partie expérimentale concerne la conception et la réalisation d'une situation didactique. Son objectif était d'analyser les possibilités de rendre opérationnelle la définition monofocale des coniques dans un milieu permettant la prise en compte de son aspect dynamique, ce milieu étant fourni par le logiciel cabri-géomètre II
Langlois, Marie-Joëlle. "Le développement du langage à travers les activités mathématiques déployées dans les manuels scolaires au primaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25946.
Full textCousin, Marion. "La "révolution" de l'enseignement de la géométrie dans le Japon de l'ère Meiji (1868-1912) : une étude de l'évolution des manuels de géométrie élémentaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10082/document.
Full textDuring the Meijing era, the political context in East Asia led the Japanese authorities to embark on a nationwide modernization program. This resulted in the introduction of Western mathematics, and especially Euclidean geometry into Japanese education. However, as traditional mathematics (was an) were very successful at that time, there were no Japanese translations of texts dealing with this new geometry available at this time. My work focuses on the first Japanese textbooks that were developed, distributed and used during this period of scientific transfer. My analysis concentrates on language and logical reasoning in order to highlight the various phases in the importation and adaptation of Western knowledge to the Japanese context
Nebout, Arkhurst Patricia. "La signification contextuelle dans les processus de transposition didactique : l'exemple de l'enseignement de la géométrie au niveau du collège en Côte d'Ivoire." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H034.
Full textThe general aim of this dissertation is the analysis of the process of didactic transposition whose major aim to challenge the illusion of transparency which affects the knowledge that is imparted. It hopes to achieve this by showing the differences between the intellectual and didactic functioning mechanisms. This dissertation has elected to consider the field of plane geometry because its use and role can be observed in the teaching of mathematics in the junior classes at the secondary school level. This example highlights the specific constraints of contextual meaning which require recourse in the process of transposition and also constitutes a mode of functioning. A distinction is made between constraints inherent in what is called the "noosphere" (the sphere of thought and decision-making), and contraints inherent in didactic functioning mechanisms through didactic means (syllabus for the teaching geometry, geometry exercises). These didactic creative models provide a field of study in which other aspects of didactic transposition may be examined concretely within a theory of contextual meaning. The contextual meaning attempts to describe the factors that determine a didactic situation. Teaching in itself or the concept to be taught must take place within a context form whence i derives its meaning and contextual significance. This is what is referred to as the concept "contextual meaning". The significant contribution of this dissertation will be its study of the effects of didactic transposition
Bulf, Caroline. "Étude des effets de la symétrie axiale sur la conceptualisation des isométries planes et sur la nature du travail géométrique au collège." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369503.
Full textBertolo, David. "Apports et évaluations des interactions sur tablettes numériques dans le cadre de l'apprentissage de la géométrie dans l'espace." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0360/document.
Full textSince a few years multi-touch mobile devices are becoming increasingly common. More and more schools are testing them with their pupils in the hope of bringing pedagogic benefits. However, very few applications in the context of 3D geometry learning can be found on the different stores. Manipulating a 3D scene with a 2D device is the main difficulty of such applications. Young students, learning structuration of space, are unable to do that with classical software used on desktop computer. Through this thesis, we focus on allowing students aged 9 to 15 to manipulate, observe and modify 3D scenes by using new technologies brought by the digital tablets. By using a user-centred approach, we have proposed a grammar of interactions adapted to young learners. Then, we have evaluated acceptability, ease to use and ease to learn of our interactions. Finally, we have studied in situ the pedagogic benefits brought by the use of tablets with an app based on our grammar. Our results shows that students are able to manipulate, observe and modify 3D scenes when they use an adapted set of interactions. Moreover, in the context of 3D geometry learning a significant contribution had been observed in two classes when students used such an application
Montoya, Delgadillo Elizabeth. "Etude de la transformation des connaissances géométriques dans la formation universitaire des professeurs de lycée de mathématiques au Chili." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070106.
Full textThis research focuses on the training of high school mathematics teachers in Chile and more particularly on the transition between knowledge learned during the training and knowledge they have to teach. To investigate this question, we start by explaining the training the pre-service teachers received in geometry at university and the ways they consider the proof-process that they will learn to their future students. We postulated that there are some breaks in the teaching of geometry between university education and teaching at school, particularly in the demonstration. These breaks - didactic, epistemological and cognitive - are due to different geometric paradigms and proof-processes in both institutions. The demonstration in considered as an explicit content at school which is not taught explicitly at the university. Our investigation based on the theoretical framework of geometric paradigms and geometric workspaces introduced by Kuzniak and Houdement and the type of proof described by Balacheff. The results of our study invite to reorganize the teaching and learning of geometry in teachers training in Chile
Ndolly, Grégoire. "L'apprentissage à l'enseignement de la géométrie : analyse des pratiques de futurs enseignants en stage à l'école primaire au Gabon." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28839/28839.pdf.
Full textChaachoua, Abdelhamid. "Fonctions du dessin dans l'enseignement de la géométrie dans l'espace : étude d'un cas : la vie des problèmes de construction et rapports des enseignants à ces problèmes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10050.
Full textKaba, Guy-Roger. "Former les futurs enseignants de mathématiques du secondaire gabonais à l'articulation visualisation-raisonnements en géométrie." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34903.
Full textThe preparation of Gabonese teachers in secondary school to take into account the errors of students in geometry led us to question their pre-service training. This questioning has led to design and experiment a pre-service training in geometry teaching based on connection between visualization and reasoning. This research aims to study relationships to knowledge of pre-service teachers during this training. To achieve this goal we are based on several frameworks. Thus, these pre-service teachers's relationships to knowledge have been apprehended through two perspectives: relationships to learn and relationships to teach (Caillot, 2014). In these two perspectives, we have added three dimensions: identity, social and epistemic (Charlot et al., 1992). We chose to apprehend the dimensions of identity and social through the Dialectic Tool-Object (Douady, 1986) and the epistemic dimension using visualization-reasoning articulation model inspired by Duval (2005). The relationships to knowledge of pre-service teachers emerging during the training were later explained by the interactions between the three epistemological stances they adopted (DeBlois et Squalli, 2002). These explanations were based on the model of DeBlois (2012). Our methodology focused on a formative experiment (Steffe et D’Ambrosio, 1996). Thus, relationships to knowledge of five pre-service teachers were studied during the different components of the training. It has been possible to highlight the fact that pre-service teachers are illustrated at the beginning of training by heuristic or formal relationships to knowledge. Heuristic relationships are characterized by a concern for visualization, while formal relationships show a concern for deductive reasoning. The thesis also shows that the training has led to the emergence of pragmatic relationships to knowledge. These relationships to knowledge are characterized by a greater concern for the connection of visualization-reasoning and promote the taking into account of pupils’ errors based on this connection. The heuristic and formal relationships are explained by a tension between former-pupil stance and student stance, which resulted in advantage of the first. Pragmatic relationships to knowledge seems result from a synergy between student stance and teacher stance.
Mavrogenis, Alexandre. "Le couplage des systèmes de CAO et de calcul : comment, en exploitant le modèle CAO d'un objet ou d'une structure, nous obtenons automatiquement une simplification de la géométrie et le modèle éléments finis." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30250.
Full textMrabet, Slim. "Le théorème de Thalès dans l'enseignement tunisien." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070063.
Full textThe main object of this work is to study how the texts of the knowledge to be taught inside tunisian school institutions are organized concerning the theme we chose, thales theorem, as well as the effective learning of the students they induce. A look at the history of mathematics and of its teaching allowed us to understand better the organization of the mathematical knowledge around thales theorem as well as the coherence of geometry teaching along various periods. Then, we derived models of possible coherences around thales theorem which served as reference to analyze the current tunisian teaching. We were interested in a double transition: the one from the basic school (grade 8-9) to the 1st year of secondary school (grade 9-10) which coïncides with a change of language in mathematics teaching and the second from the 1st year to the 2nd year of secondary teaching which is marked by the turn to vector geometry. The teaching of thales theorem in france is taken as a point of comparison. Historic and analytic studies are completed by tests proposed to tunisian and french students, by interviews with some tunisian and french teachers and by observations of all the lessons about thales theorem in two tunisian classes, showing a rather different teaching. Main results concern the effect of figures' variables for the 9th b class (grade 8-9), the difficultes of demonstration for the 1st s class (grade 9-10) and the difficultes to recognize the pertinence of thales theorem to solve problems enounced with vectors in the 2nd s class (grade 10-11)
Mahmoodi-Motlagh, Ali. "Dissimilitudes entre les contenus géométriques du manuel scolaire mathématiques de 8e année en Iran et le test international du TIMSS 2011." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26906.
Full textVan, Labeke Nicolas. "Prise en compte de l'usager enseignant dans la conception des EIAO. Illustration dans calques 3D." Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0276_VAN_LABEKE.pdf.
Full textZhu, Fangchun. "Teachers' Knowledge for Integrating Dynamic Geometry Software into Mathematics Lessons : contrasting Chinese and French Cases." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN029.
Full textBecause of the development of using new technologies like computer science in mathematics education, it is important for us to rethink about one of the critical terms for teacher’s practice in classroom: teacher knowledge. There are many researches pay attention to definite what is teacher knowledge or what kind of knowledge teacher needs. As some researchers said we need to take technologies into account if we want to describe teacher knowledge. Teacher knowledge can be reflected in their class behavior. So this research aims at analyzing teacher’s didactical practice with one of the important technologies: dynamic geometry software. Taking instrumental orchestration as critical theoretical framework, this study describes teacher’s activities with dynamic geometry software in the classroom based on the view of their knowledge. It chose 5 Chinese teachers and 1 French teacher to observe their mathematics lessons in order to analyze their knowledge shown in their practice with technology. The main question of this research is as following:1. 1 What can we learn about the teachers’ knowledge shown in their instrumental orchestration by contrasting the different usage of DGS between Chinese and French teachers? 1. 1.1 What can we learn from analyzing the roles of DGS in mathematics tasks? 2. 1.2 What can we learn from tasks organization by contrasting the teaching practice between Chinese and French teachers?3. 1.3 What can we learn the teacher-student interaction by contrasting French and Chinese teachers?In order to answer these questions, I focus on the roles of dynamic geometry software in mathematics tasks and the questions or feedbacks in the teacher-student interaction. Dynamic geometry software plays two main roles in mathematics teaching and learning: amplifier and generator. This kind of software also affects teacher-student interaction. Teacher would show their different focus by using software for example only focus on mathematics or focus on mathematics related to software. As designed, this research chooses several mathematics teachers from two different contexts to contrast their knowledge which reflected into teaching practice in the situation created by technologies. I altogether observed and recorded 11 lessons for them. They would also be interviewed before and after their mathematics lessons which would be recorded by the author, to make deep understanding of their opinions on DGS.Based on the analysis, different teachers show their different views on the roles of dynamic geometry software. Most of them see software as an amplifier of presenting contents during the teaching process, although the software can change learners’ strategy to solve the tasks. And during the interaction, most teachers focus on mathematics contents without any technology, although they choose different ways to orchestrate lessons. There are many factors which may affect teachers’ using of software, like physical configuration, ability of students, teaching objective, examination, which talked by teachers during the interview and also need to much further studies for researchers
由于在数学教学中使用了诸如计算机科学之类的新技术,因此,研究制约课堂教学实践的关键因素之一:教师知识,就变的非常重要。有很多研究都在关注教师知识是什么或教师需要什么样的知识进行教学。其中,某些研究指出我们需要关注技术在教师知识方面起到的重要作用。教师知识可以反映在他们的课堂活动中。因此,本研究选择了数学教学中最重要的技术之一:动态几何软件,以研究参与课堂实践的教师知识。• 本研究以工具编配(Trouche,2004 年)作为理论框架,基于对5 位中国老师和1 位法国老师的数学课的观察,分析他们在使用该技术的教学实践中所呈现的知识。工具编配充分涉及了教学实践的方方面面,从教师备课到实际的课堂行为等。有许多研究涉及动态几何软件,并且分析了教师如何使用它。例如,动态几何软件在数学任务和问题解决中扮演着两个不同的角色:放大器或发生器(Laborde,2001)。 这类软件还同时影响着师生互动(Hollebrands&Lee,2016)。最后,通过使用软件,教师可以显示他是专注于数学还是专注于与软件相关的数学(Hollebrands&Lee,2016)。• 关注技术• 关注技术,同时涉及数学• 关注数学,同时需要使用技术进行回答• 关注数学本文所做的假设是:• 教师知识通过使用动态几何软件进行工具编配的过程中得以展现,我们可以通过对比中法教师的教学实践来表征和描述他们的教师知识。• 具体地说:• 通过分析动态几何在教师选择的数学任务中的作用,我们可以了解什么?• 通过对比中国老师和法国老师的教学实践,我们可以从任务安排中了解什么?• 通过比较法国和中国的案例,我们可以从师生互动中了解什么?vi本研究总共观察并记录了6 位老师的11 堂数学课。在观察的数学课之前和之后,还对所有教师进行了访谈,以深入了解他们对动态几何的看法。结果显示,尽管动态几何软件可以改变学习者解决任务的策略,但大多数教师将软件视为在教学过程中呈现内容的辅助工具。在课堂上以及与学生的互动过程中,尽管他们在上课时使用不同的工具编配形式,但大多数教师都将重点放在数学内容上,而不论其技术如何。另外,通过访谈,对于教师而言,有许多因素会影响教师对软件的使用,例如:班级的物理环境,学生的能力,教育目标,考试。当然这些因素还需要进一步研究进行论证。例如,如果老师在计算机房里上课,他更可能允许每个学生分别使用动态几何软件,那么老师可以更多地使用该软件为学生创建新的学习环境,而他可以在普通课堂上对其进行更多控制。
Carvalho, Neri Terezinha Both. "Le sort des problèmes de constructions dans le contexte français de l'enseignement des transformations géométriques au lycée dans les années 1990 : une étude didactique en classe de Seconde, avec une approche des aspects fonctionnels utilisant Cabri-Géomètre II." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10119.
Full textPetrov, Anne. "Géométrie, pensée et prédication dans l'Angleterre du XVIIe siècle : le cas d'Isaac Barrow (1630-1677)." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030117.
Full textVoltolini, Anne. "Duo d'artefacts numérique et matériel pour l'apprentissage de la géométrie au cycle 3." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN023/document.
Full textOur research project in didactics of mathematics is to study the use of digital technologies as a complementary environment to concrete manipulations. We define a duo of artefacts as the fruitful link between a digital artefact and a material one in such a way that this linking is an added value for the learning process. The instrumental approach of Rabardel allows us to establish the requirements for this link, each artefact enriching the other through the constructed instruments. A duo of artefacts sets off associated instrumental geneses. In order to base the conditions of the learning process, in the sense of Brousseau, a duo exists only when it is mobilized in a didactic situation. Our issue is to develop a duo of artifacts including the pair of compasses for the conceptualization of the triangle in the teaching of its geometric construction. The composition of the duo and its orchestration in a didactic situation are intended to bring out a new instrumental genesis of the compasses and, according to Duval's work, a 1D dimensional deconstruction of the triangle. Experiments in classes have enabled us to validate the hypothesis that the situation and the duo cause the development of a new pair of compasses instrument to rotate a segment. Balacheff's model of conceptions also allowed us to identify the evolution of pupils' conceptions of the triangle and the circle as the situation progressed, specifically the improvement of a 1D vision of the triangle as a closed broken line and a characterization of the circle as the trajectory of one end of a pivoted segment
Pizarro, Canales Andrea. "El trabajo geométrico en clases de séptimo básico en Chile : un estudio de casos sobre la enseñanza de los triángulos." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC336.
Full textThis study aims to determine the reference and suitable Mathematical Working Space (MWS, ETM in French) (Kuzniak, 2011) regarding the teaching of triangles in Primary School (approximately 13-years-old students). The research design is observational, non-experimental or ex-post-facto.First, a preliminary analysis of the learning objectives and mathematical tasks suggested in the national curriculum was conducted. The textbooks used by two teachers for designing their lesson plans were analysed. One of them was a Primary Teacher with specialisation and the other a Secondary Teacher. Additionally, focus on the lessons’ development, it was analysed the teachers’ discourses named semiotic, technological, and theoretical based on a codebook, which defined the variables and categories emerging from the MWS. The frequencies of appearance of those variables were quantified. At the same time, the tasks implemented are described considering the suitable MWS’ effective from a qualitative perspective.The results reveal that the MWS of triangles references does not favour mathematical reasoning. Over 110 analysed tasks, 8% demanded trial process, 18% mobilised the half-plane [sem-ref] in which it was asked to observe, describe, and nominate. 61% mobilised the [sem-ins] and the epistemological planes asking to verify theorems. One hundred seventy-three (173) textbook tasks were analysed. 69% mobilised the [sem-ins] and epistemological planes, 24% the [sem-ref] half-plane and 1% corresponded to the trial process. The classrooms evidenced a high appearance of technological discourse, low presence of geometric instruments and the absence of the trial process. Modifying the official documents will improve teaching and learning processes and, in consequence, the international measurements' outcomes
Esta investigación busca determinar el Espacio de Trabajo Matemático de referencia e idóneo (Kuzniak, 2011) sobre la enseñanza de los triángulos en séptimo básico en Chile (13 años). El diseño de investigación es de tipo no experimental o ex post-facto, de carácter observacional.Primero, se realizan análisis preliminares de los objetivos de aprendizaje y las tareas matemáticas propuestas en los programas oficiales. Se analizan los textos escolares que utilizan dos profesoras para el diseño de sus clases, una profesora de primaria con mención, y otra, de secundaria. Adicionalmente, se estudia el desarrollo de sus clases, analizando sus discursos: semiótico, tecnológico y teórico, a partir de un libro de códigos. En él se definen variables y categorías a la luz del ETM, cuantificando sus frecuencias de aparición. Al mismo tiempo, se describen las tareas implementadas según el ETMG idóneo efectivo desde una perspectiva cualitativa.Los resultados muestran que el ETMG de referencia de triángulos no propicia el desarrollo de razonamiento matemático. Sobre 110 tareas analizadas, 8% solicita proceso de prueba, 18 % movilizan el semiplano [sem-ref], en el cual se pide observar, describir y nominar. 61% moviliza los planos [sem-ins] y epistemológico, pidiéndose constatar teoremas.Se analizan 173 tareas de los textos escolares. 69 % movilizan los planos [sem-ins] y epistemológico, 24 % el semiplano [sem-ref] y 1 % corresponde al proceso de prueba.Se evidencia en clases, una alta aparición del discurso tecnológico, baja presencia de instrumentos geométricos y ausencia del proceso de prueba.Modificar los documentos oficiales, mejorará los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Y como consecuencia los resultados en mediciones internacionales
Niang, Mamadou. "Utilisation pédagogique de la simulation numérique dans une perspective de développement d'un savoir signifiant d'optique géométrique au secondaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69668.
Full textThis exploratory study seeks to understand “To what extent can we develop meaningful geometrical optics knowledge about rainbow and color in high school students in a learning context using computer simulation?”. This qualitative research, based on a case study, was conducted with 27 first-year high school students (Secondary 4 in Quebec) from a high school in Fatick (Senegal). The students were divided into two groups designated by R (15) (for traditional learning) and S (12) (for learning through simulation). The data collected was analyzed using the content analysis method. QDA Miner software was used for this purpose to facilitate their processing. The results of the research showed that students have different kinds of knowledge (academic and non-academic) about the phenomena studied and that some of this knowledge is more or less compatible or in contradiction with scientific knowledge. Non-academic knowledge is, in the same way as scientific knowledge, meaningful to them in their context and has contributed to a richer and more complete understanding of the rainbow and colour. The study showed that the significance of academic knowledge sometimes faces problems of individual validation when cognitive conflicts appear in some students. These conflicts arose when the sensitive perception of the student was in contradiction with the knowledge that is intended to be taught to him or her or when the academic knowledge is in contradiction with deeply rooted beliefs such as religious beliefs. Research results showed that computer simulation helped students gain a better understanding of the concepts taught. It has contributed to the validation of scientific knowledge and to an increased and diversified use of psychological functions. It allowed them to discover other aspects of the phenomenon that are difficult to observe in real situations. It is thus presented as a promising tool for developing meaningful knowledge. But its use has limits, since facing a simulation of a phenomenon, some students were influenced by what they were looking at, thus diverting their thinking or preventing them from using their full cognitive capacity. Furthermore, the significance of the knowledge produced by the simulation could be limited by the model used to make the simulation software. Therefore, it would be interesting to broaden reflection on the articulation between reality and virtual objects to further address this dimension of the significance of knowledge.
Osta, Iman. "L'ordinateur comme outil d'aide à l'enseignement : une séquence didactique pour l'enseignement du repérage dans l'espace à l'aide de logiciels graphiques." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00331291.
Full textAthias, Francine. "La géométrie dynamique comme moyen de changement curriculaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3057.
Full textGeometry in primary school is a familiarization with geometric shapes and their properties through the use of geometrical instruments. Geometric objects are based on diagrams and the geometric relationships are often implicit. The introduction of a dynamic geometry software (here TracenPoche) is thus a way to explain how to see « the diagram » as « a figure ». Five situations are given to three teachers. We have built them with « integration modes » from Assude (2007). We proposed an a priori analysis in three stages (Assude and Mercier, 2007), the first a priori analysis - the viewpoint of mathematical knowledge - , the second a priori analysis - students action modelized by the praxeology (Chevallard, 1998) - and the third a priori analysis - the teacher's point of view - . The Situations established in classrooms are described and analyzed using elements of the joint action theory (Sensevy, 2011). We describe the joint action of the teacher and students as a game of the teacher on the student, thereby enabling an analysis of the dynamic of the teaching work and of the evolution of the "seeing a diagram as a figure." The results of this thesis, as part of the exploratory engineering (Perrin-Glorian, 2009), show how geometrical objects can be worked jointly in a paper-and-pencil environment and in a Tracenpoche environment, highlighting the characteristics of the joint action of the teacher and students in the explanation of geometric relationships. The teachers demonstrate initiatives that prove particularly interesting with regard to mathematical issues, and which could be the basis for further research in cooperative engineering (Sensevy & al., 2013)