Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Géométrie plane – Étude et enseignement (secondaire)'
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Lamrabet, Driss. "Étude exploratoire des incompréhensions et des erreurs des élèves en géométrie plane." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29332.
Full textBraconne-Michoux, Annette. "Evolution des conceptions et de l'argumentation en géométrie chez les élèves : paradigmes et niveaux de van Hiele à l'articulation CM2-6ème." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070025.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to test in Grade 5 (CM2) and Grade 6 (6eme) a new theoretical frame which is a combination of the theory of geometrical paradigms and the van Hiele levels theory. In primary school, geometry is basically spatio-graphic (G1): objects are representations of physical objects and validations are perceptive. The pupil must then master the 1st level of the van Hiele theory: identification-visualisation (N1). In secondary school, geometry tends to be more proto-axiomatic (G2): objects are theoretical and validations are based on hypothetic-deductive reasoning. The student is supposed to master the 4th of the van Hiele levels: informal deduction (N3). The theoretical frame tested here assumes that the 2nd level from the van Hiele levels (N2: analysis) is the "linking level" between G1 and G2. Pupils from Grades 5 and 6 were asked the same questions about triangles, quadrilateral and circle in different ways: sorting drawings, tracing, analysis of drawings and of geometric figures; argumentations; explanations. The analysis of the answers show that a pupil, either in Grade 5 or Grade 6, can work within both geometrical paradigms and at different van Hiele levels, depending on the question he is asked. Analysis being the 2nd of the van Hiele levels has been proved as the "linking level" between paradigms G1 and G2. Activities at this van Hiele level in the context of either paradigm G1 or G2 can reduce the discontinuity between spatio-graphic geometry in primary school and proto-axiomatic geometry in secondary school
Parzysz, Bernard. "Représentations planes et enseignement de la géométrie de l'espace au lycée : contribution à l'étude de la relation voir/savoir." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077215.
Full textEl, Amri Mohamed-Essahbi. "Implicite et évidence dans l'enseignement et l'apprentissage de la démonstration en géométrie euclidienne plane au collège : analyse des effets des rapports institutionnels et des rapports personnels d'enseignants sur l'organisation d'un milieu d'apprentissage." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10282.
Full textBerthelot, René, and Marie-Hélène Salin. "L'enseignement de l'espace et de la géométrie dans la scolarité obligatoire." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10663.
Full textBulf, Caroline. "Étude des effets de la symétrie axiale sur la conceptualisation des isométries planes et sur la nature du travail géométrique au collège." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369503.
Full textEl, Hader Carla. "L'effet du guidage dans l'environnement GeoGebra et au niveau du raisonnement déductif : une propédeutique à la résolution des problèmes de démonstration de géométrie plane en 6e dans les écoles libanaises francophones homologuées." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3053.
Full textOur research work is related to the problem of learning Geometry in grade 6, particularly the difficulties imposed by the resolution of the problems of demonstration. Our goal is to study the cognitive functioning of students on the basis of knowledge mobilized and the rate of the cognitive load generated by the resolution of the problems, in order to put in place a strategy to remedy the difficulties of the students and to optimize the intellectual performance in a situation of resolution of problems in the domain of geometry.Pressing on the different theories of cognitive psychology (the theory of the instrumentation, the theory of the cognitive load, etc.) and those of didactics (theory of situations and the theory of conceptual fields), we have made the assumption that a cognitive analysis of the activity of the student in the environment paper-pen, allows us to collect the relevant indices to identify the types of knowledge which mobilization proves to be problematic for the students, as well as the elements of the task that engender a high cognitive load.From the items retrieved, we have designed and tested a specific guidance in the environment of dynamic geometry GeoGebra for the resolution of problems of demonstration, related to the drawing of figures, as well as the development of a deductive reasoning
Lemmonier, Jore Françoise. "Paradigmes géométriques et formation initiale des professeurs des écoles en environnements papier-crayon et informatique." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070038.
Full textThe theoretical framework of this research distinguishes two paradigms in school geometry : on the one hand Gl (spatio-graphical geometry), whose objects are physical and validations perceptive, and on the other hand G2 (proto-axiomatic geometry), whose objects are theoretical and validations hypothetic-deductive. At the beginning of their training, the relation of pre-service elementary schoolteachers (PE1) with geometry poses problems because they will have to make their pupils work essentially in Gl, whereas they have to use G2 for solving the geometry problems set in by the competitive examination that they have to sit. This work highlights the procedures used by PE1 to draw a perpendicular bisector with instruments under different constraints and in their degree of expertise in perpendicular bisector, through the study of their adaptability to these constraints. Such an adaptability is in fact connected with the cognitive 'availability' of the G2 paradigm. This research confirmed that the PE1 work within various paradigms : Gland G2, but also a local and Personal 'pseudo-paradigm' linked with both Gl and G2. Besides, the 'obviousness' of the drawing, the lack of knowledge and competence in G2, the automation of construction procedures which empties them of any meaning, constitute as many determining factors for the fact that they are not able to work in G2 when the situation requires it. Nevertheless, this work shows that an awareness of these paradigms can be set up through a specific engineering focused upon the writing and justification of construction scripts. This allows the students, at least in the short run, to evolve towards G2 and improve their skills in G2
Schlosser, Fabien. "Construction et fonctionnement d'espaces de travail géométriques personnels d'élèves : cas d'une séquence de géométrie dans l'espace en première L à option mathématique." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070075.
Full textThe thesis describes the construction and the functioning of student's personal geometric working spaces, during a sequence of class, in first year of the literary section of French secondary school, with mathematical option. The theoretical frame of the geometric working speces, takes into account an espistemological dimension, as well as a cognitive dimension. An epistemological study of the concept of space, and psychological theories of the spatial abilities, allowed us to hold certain external factors to working spaces, constituent of interpersonal differences. The latter were able to be noticed thanks to a test of spatial capacities and geometrical knowledge. The mathematical activity, and thus the internal functioning of the geometric working spaces, consists of a production and an interpretation of codified signs, belonging to various registers of semiotic representations. The theoretical frame of pragmatic semiotics associated in triadic semiotic of Peirce, allows to structure the cognitive level of the personal working space of the student in a syntactic, semantic and pragmatic plan. Every level has its appropriate functioning, marked by the construction of semiotic lattices, connectings of which are the realizations of the figural, instrumental or discursive geneses. The semiotic mediation of the professor, the external factor in working spaces, intervenes at the level of these geneses. Two approaches were considered to study concretely working spaces : a local approach of micro-didactic analysis of a resolution of geometrical problem, and a global approach at the level of a sequence of class
Celi, Valentina. "Comparaison de l'enseignement de la géométrie en France et en Italie pour des élèves de onze à seize ans : effets sur leur formation." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070069.
Full textLn order to analyse the current teaching of geometry (pupils from 11 to 16), we compared the ltalian and French systems. By contrasting the organization of contents and the teaching methods, we highlighted some problems peculiar to each of the systems and tried to account for the different choices made in the two countries. A perusal of official regulations and of a number of textbooks, besides a sampling of mathematical problems for the pupils of sixteen enabled us to sketch a concrete assessment of the educational aims in the two countries. These problems have to do with the concept of "area", a notion differently approached by these educational systems, and the "mid-points triangle", a key figure differently approached in the various levels. A study of the pupils' works revealed a series of common difficulties (in the use of figures, for instance) but at the same time underlined some differences maybe reliant on the results of an exhaustive analysis of the textbooks on these subjects
Bouchard, Jérôme. "La transition primaire/secondaire : étude des programmes mathématiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27466.
Full textBelkhodja, Maha. "La visualisation en géométrie dans trois et deux dimensions en tant que compétence à développer à l'école." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19083.
Full textBraconne-Michoux, Annette. "Compréhension de la démonstration en géométrie chez les professeurs et les élèves au secondaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29249.
Full textTenaud, Isabelle. "Une expérience d'enseignement de la géométrie en terminale C : enseignement de méthode et travail en petits groupes." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077090.
Full textTrgalová, Jana. "Étude historique et épistémologique des coniques et leur implémentation informatique dans le logiciel cabri-géomètre." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10184.
Full textLa première partie théorique contient une synthèse du développement historique et l'analyse épistémologique des coniques comme objet de savoir mathématique et une analyse des coniques du point de vue de la transposition didactique. La deuxième partie informatique concerne l'implantation des coniques dans le logiciel cabri-géomètre. Elle présente respectivement la description des algorithmes permettant la visualisation et la manipulation des coniques a l'écran d'un ordinateur, et une analyse de la représentation des coniques a l'interface du point de vue de la transposition informatique. La troisième partie expérimentale concerne la conception et la réalisation d'une situation didactique. Son objectif était d'analyser les possibilités de rendre opérationnelle la définition monofocale des coniques dans un milieu permettant la prise en compte de son aspect dynamique, ce milieu étant fourni par le logiciel cabri-géomètre II
Kaba, Guy-Roger. "Former les futurs enseignants de mathématiques du secondaire gabonais à l'articulation visualisation-raisonnements en géométrie." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34903.
Full textThe preparation of Gabonese teachers in secondary school to take into account the errors of students in geometry led us to question their pre-service training. This questioning has led to design and experiment a pre-service training in geometry teaching based on connection between visualization and reasoning. This research aims to study relationships to knowledge of pre-service teachers during this training. To achieve this goal we are based on several frameworks. Thus, these pre-service teachers's relationships to knowledge have been apprehended through two perspectives: relationships to learn and relationships to teach (Caillot, 2014). In these two perspectives, we have added three dimensions: identity, social and epistemic (Charlot et al., 1992). We chose to apprehend the dimensions of identity and social through the Dialectic Tool-Object (Douady, 1986) and the epistemic dimension using visualization-reasoning articulation model inspired by Duval (2005). The relationships to knowledge of pre-service teachers emerging during the training were later explained by the interactions between the three epistemological stances they adopted (DeBlois et Squalli, 2002). These explanations were based on the model of DeBlois (2012). Our methodology focused on a formative experiment (Steffe et D’Ambrosio, 1996). Thus, relationships to knowledge of five pre-service teachers were studied during the different components of the training. It has been possible to highlight the fact that pre-service teachers are illustrated at the beginning of training by heuristic or formal relationships to knowledge. Heuristic relationships are characterized by a concern for visualization, while formal relationships show a concern for deductive reasoning. The thesis also shows that the training has led to the emergence of pragmatic relationships to knowledge. These relationships to knowledge are characterized by a greater concern for the connection of visualization-reasoning and promote the taking into account of pupils’ errors based on this connection. The heuristic and formal relationships are explained by a tension between former-pupil stance and student stance, which resulted in advantage of the first. Pragmatic relationships to knowledge seems result from a synergy between student stance and teacher stance.
Montoya, Delgadillo Elizabeth. "Etude de la transformation des connaissances géométriques dans la formation universitaire des professeurs de lycée de mathématiques au Chili." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070106.
Full textThis research focuses on the training of high school mathematics teachers in Chile and more particularly on the transition between knowledge learned during the training and knowledge they have to teach. To investigate this question, we start by explaining the training the pre-service teachers received in geometry at university and the ways they consider the proof-process that they will learn to their future students. We postulated that there are some breaks in the teaching of geometry between university education and teaching at school, particularly in the demonstration. These breaks - didactic, epistemological and cognitive - are due to different geometric paradigms and proof-processes in both institutions. The demonstration in considered as an explicit content at school which is not taught explicitly at the university. Our investigation based on the theoretical framework of geometric paradigms and geometric workspaces introduced by Kuzniak and Houdement and the type of proof described by Balacheff. The results of our study invite to reorganize the teaching and learning of geometry in teachers training in Chile
Nebout, Arkhurst Patricia. "La signification contextuelle dans les processus de transposition didactique : l'exemple de l'enseignement de la géométrie au niveau du collège en Côte d'Ivoire." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H034.
Full textThe general aim of this dissertation is the analysis of the process of didactic transposition whose major aim to challenge the illusion of transparency which affects the knowledge that is imparted. It hopes to achieve this by showing the differences between the intellectual and didactic functioning mechanisms. This dissertation has elected to consider the field of plane geometry because its use and role can be observed in the teaching of mathematics in the junior classes at the secondary school level. This example highlights the specific constraints of contextual meaning which require recourse in the process of transposition and also constitutes a mode of functioning. A distinction is made between constraints inherent in what is called the "noosphere" (the sphere of thought and decision-making), and contraints inherent in didactic functioning mechanisms through didactic means (syllabus for the teaching geometry, geometry exercises). These didactic creative models provide a field of study in which other aspects of didactic transposition may be examined concretely within a theory of contextual meaning. The contextual meaning attempts to describe the factors that determine a didactic situation. Teaching in itself or the concept to be taught must take place within a context form whence i derives its meaning and contextual significance. This is what is referred to as the concept "contextual meaning". The significant contribution of this dissertation will be its study of the effects of didactic transposition
Mahmoodi-Motlagh, Ali. "Dissimilitudes entre les contenus géométriques du manuel scolaire mathématiques de 8e année en Iran et le test international du TIMSS 2011." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26906.
Full textMoutet, Laurent. "Diagrammes et théorie de la relativité restreinte : une ingénierie didactique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC275/document.
Full textWe tried to develop and test several activities using a register based on diagrams for teaching the special theory of relativity to S class of twelfth graders. The graphic approach may result it complications in learning. However, its educational potential can turn out to be more beneficial. An epistemological study on diagrams used in special relativity allowed us to report important links between mathematics and the genesis of the special theory of relativity. This is the case of the Minkowski diagram. We were also interested in two other diagrams, Brehme and Loedel, which were developed much more later for teaching purposes. Following experimental sessions, we developed a new theoretical frame to comprehensively analyse the interactions developed by students to solve a problem using diagrams in special relativity. We modified the mathematical working spaces (MWS) by adding a new frame of rationality to the existing mathematic workspace to physics. The extended frame of the MWS allowed us to plan several versions of sequences proposed to the students and realize a priori analysis of their difficulty level and a posteriori study by analysing pupils' works. We have considered several works of student groups during a sequence using the Minkowski diagram with GeoGebra, a graphic simulation software. It allowed us to estimate the degree of control of the Minkowski diagram for every student, both from the frame of rationality of the mathematics and the physical sciences’ point of view. The results are promising and they tend to show a real appropriation of the concepts of the special theory of relativity with an approach using diagrams
Michot, Sandrine. "Étude exploratoire de la description et de la reproduction de figures géométriques chez des élèves du 2e cycle du primaire." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21335.
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