Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Géomorphologie du Quaternaire'
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Lavoie, Caroline. "Géomorphologie et quaternaire du Lac Guillaume-Delisle (Nunavik), Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24158/24158.pdf.
Full textTrottier, Annie-Pier. "Géomorphologie et stratigraphie Quaternaire de systèmes de fjords-lacustres du Québec-Labrador." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66568.
Full textSediments contained in fjords have a high potential to reconstruct paleoenvironmental changes since these glacial valleys located at the interface of continent and ocean are generally characterized by high sedimentation rates. Fjords are long narrow valleys that were deeply incised during successive glaciations and interglacial periods. They typically contain glacial deposits and landforms that inform on past variations of ice margins. Fjords can also exist in lacustrine environments, such as in alpine area or formerly glaciated regions, where the glacio-isostatic rebound combined with the postglacial marine regression isolated the fjord from the sea. Many fjord-lakes are found in Québec and Labrador, but the evolution of these lacustrine basins since deglaciation is poorly documented, as many worldwide analogues of these type of lakes are still glaciated today, or are located in alpine regions where no marine transgression ever occurred. Hydroacoustic technologies such as multibeam bathymetry and sub-bottom profiles allow visualizing at a high resolution the morpho-stratigraphy of subaquatic basins in order to interpret the major events that modeled their basins and lead to a better understanding of their past and modern sedimentary dynamics. Using such an approach in fjord-lakes located at key locations would also allow refining history of last glaciation in areas where only few paleoenvironmental studies exist. This thesis reports and describes multibeam bathymetry data and sub-bottom profiles collected in eight fjord-lakes of Québec (lakes Mékinac, Jacques-Cartier, Pohénégamook, Témiscouata, Pentecôte, Walker & Pasteur) and Labrador (Grand Lake), as well as Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of their valleys and surrounding areas. The analysis that combine geomorphology and sismostratigraphy allow: 1) reconstructing the sequence of deglaciation in Mauricie (Southern Québec) and eastern Labrador; 2) refining the location of the Mars-Batiscan morainic belt as well as the transgression limit of the deglacial Champlain Sea on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River; 3) a better understanding of the dynamics of ice retreat in the fjords of Mékinac and Grand during climatic cold episodes (Younger Dryas and 8.2 ka BP event, respectively); and 4) establishing a model of morpho-stratigraphic evolution for fjord-lakes of Québec-Labrador, from deglaciation to the postglacial period.
Rixhon, Gilles. "Datation de l'incision quaternaire des rivières du massif ardennais par les nucléides cosmogéniques terrestres (10Be/26Al)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX30057.
Full textThis research in geomorphology aims to reconstruct the chronology of the Quaternary incision in the ardennian part of the Meuse catchment (Belgium). Here, we use in-situ produced cosmogenic 10 and 26 concentrations from depth profiles in terrace sediments of several Ardennian rivers (Meuse, Ourthe and Ambleve) in order to date the so-called Main Terrace. We present the first absolute dating of this terrace level in the lower Meuse valley, where we obtained an age of 720±121 ka. However, the ages we obtain for the same terrace level in Ardennian tributaries of the Meuse are significantly younger: 390±35 ka in the lower Ourthe, and only 220±31 ka still farther upstream, in the lower Ambleve. We thus demonstrate that the incision subsequent to the abandonment of the Main Terrace occurred diachronically in this part of the Ardenne massif
Lericolais, Gilles. "Evolution plio-quaternaire du fleuve Manche : stratigraphie et géomorphologie d'une plateforme continentale en régime périglaciaire." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10672.
Full textLacan, Pierre. "Activité sismotectonique plio-quaternaire de l'ouest des Pyrénées." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU3027.
Full textThe crustal architecture of the present Pyrenean range leads us to identify four seismotectonic units, from east to west (1) the Eastern Pyrenees (2) the Eastern and (3) Western Central Pyrenees and (4) the Western Pyrenees. These units are affected by two different seismicity patterns. The first mode of deformation is triggered by the relative oblique convergence between the Iberian and European plates whereas the second is a consequence of the isostatic exhumation of the mountain ranges, induced by erosion of the thick under-thrusted Iberian crust. In the Western Central Pyrenees, we show Plio-Pleistocene tectonic activity related to the occurrence of a potential seismogenic source in the Arudy area. We also observe potential active tectonic structures in the Axial Zone of the Pyrenees. These can be attributed to the accommodation of strain triggered by the exhumation of the Axial Zone of the Western Central Pyrenees. Finally, we propose an integrated strain model for the recent tectonic activity of the Western Central Pyrenees. In this area, the right-lateral transpression initiated by the oblique convergence between the Iberian and European plates is competing with vertical deformations triggered by the post tectonic surrection of the Axial Zone
Gagné, Hubert. "Géomorphologie et géologie marine du Quaternaire du secteur Trois-Pistoles-Forestville, estuaire du Saint-Laurent (Québec)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25645/25645.pdf.
Full textJouve, Aurélie. "Modélisation de la dynamique des paysages : applications aux vallées de la Seine et de la Marne au quaternaire." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004273.
Full textBen, Brahim Mohamed. "Le sillon de Boudenib (SE-Maroc) : structuration morphotectonique, hamadas tertiaires et paléoaltérations associées, morphogenèse quaternaire et aridité actuelle." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010597.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to study the role of tectonic and climat in the elaboration of reliefs of high and middle scale. The pluridisciplinary approch constitues the methodologic frame. It is shown that boudenib grooc is situated in the intersection of three major geotectonic units : panafrican, hercynian and atlasic. The dissymetry of topographical features reflects this structure. The sedimentation recorded the total phenomenon which succeeded inside the basin as well as on the borders. Therefore, dissymetry between eastern and western parts of the boudenib groov has been constant in the evolution. The preturonian evolution was caracterized by the control of tectonic factors, climat and eustatic ones. However, from the upper cretaceous only tectonic and climatic factors predominated. The study of hamadas deposits on the piedmont of boudenib brings new factors about the atlasic tectonic, the kind of deposits and associeted paleoweathering in which silicification makes the originaly. Two types of silicification were difined : pedogenetic silicification in the lower part of "hamada de boudenib" (lower eocene) and ground water silicification in the "hamada de guir" (neogene). Eventually, the tertiary morphogenisis is caracterized by the juxtaposition of two piedmonts : accumulation and erosion. .
Lajeunesse, Patrick. "Géomorphologie et géologie du quaternaire de la région de la rivière Nastapoka, côte est de la baie d'Hudson, Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ56840.pdf.
Full textFont, Marianne. "Signature géomorphologique des déformations en domaine interplaque : applications à la Normandie." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2055.
Full textBeaulieu, Olivier. "Géologie du Quaternaire et géomorphologie de la région de la rivière Biscarat, côte Est de la baie d'Hudson, Québec nordique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25696/25696.pdf.
Full textBovy, Benoît. "Modélisation numérique du contrôle climatique sur l'érosion des versants. Développement d'un nouveau modèle et application au dernier cycle glaciaire-interglaciaire dans le Nord-Ouest de l'Europe." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENU007/document.
Full textHillslope evolution results from the combined action of weathering and sediment transport processes, which are thought to be both influenced by climate. Yet, the strength and nature of the connection between climate and hillslope erosion remain poorly understood at a quantitative level. In this study, we present a new numerical model of soil production and transport, which aims to better represent, at different time scales, the climate control on soil transport. The numerical model operates at the scale of a single hill and predicts the rates of soil thickness and elevation change, by using a simple parametrization of soil production and a multi-process parametrization of soil transport which includes climate-dependent variables (overland flow discharge and active-layer depth). Simple ground heat transfer and water balance models are used for calculating these variables from time-series of precipitation and temperature. The behaviour of the model has been studied through a few simulation examples and sensitivity analysis. The results highlight the importance of considering multi-process parameterization of soil transport when modelling the response of the hillslope system to climate variations, as these results display significant differences on how each transport process behaves under various climatic conditions and on how each process affect the evolution of the system. Our numerical model has also been combined with an inversion scheme (Neighbourhood Algorithm) to extract quantitative information on the evolution of hillslopes in the Ardenne (Belgium, NW Europe) during the Last Glacial-Interglacial Cycle, using a simple climatic scenario and a unique set of topographic and soil thickness data. Model predictions based on inversion results are consistent with independent observations on hillslope morphology and cosmogenic nuclide-derived erosion rates, although the inversion results show that soil production and transport rates under both the cold and warm phases of the last climatic cycle cannot be fully constrained by the present-day soil thickness distribution. The inversion results suggest that soil transport is by far more efficient during the cold climatic phase than during the warm phase, resulting in the succession of weathering-limited (cold phase) and transport-limited (warm phase) systems. Maximum soil transport rates are predicted during the transitions between the cold-warm phases. The results also suggest that a soil thickness dynamic equilibrium has been recently reached on convex regions of the hillslopes, while shallow soils found in convergent areas may be the relics of the soil thickness distribution that formed during the cold phase
Rasse, Michel. "L'Apennin ombrien : morphogenèse d'une dorsale récente." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040012.
Full textIn the mediterranean peninsulas,the general disposition of the main bulks of relief,on a regional scale,takes often the shape of swells or broad ridges. .
Tannouch, Bennani Souad. "Paléolacs plio-quaternaires et leurs couvertures sédimentaires récentes (Souss Central, Maroc)." Nancy 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN21024.
Full textThe middle part of the Souss plain, on both sides the eponymic main stream, is characterized by the existence of large evident sedimentary structures in the global morphology which are the large atlasic and anti-atlasic alluvial fans, the alluvial terraces and fields of dunes which reinstall in occasion of long drought. Except these sedimentary structures, the detection of a lakeside system remains rather difficult. The indicators of the existence of palaeolakes or palaeoplayas limit themselves to the planar aspect of certain parts of the Souss plain, to the conservation or not of the Argan forest, but especially in the existence of calcareous benches at the base the oued's left bank. The Souss lain was commanded by a tectonic activity bounded to the recurrent faulting of inherited faults, as weil in the basin as in the plain, and in a subsidence which probably continues. Two generations at least of Plio-Villafranchian palaeolakes were established within the depression. Their summit was covered by the deposits of terraces of the oued Souss, by the deposits of the High atlasic's and the Anti-atlasic's alluvial fans distal deposits and by dune fields. The wet limate in regular precipitations which reigned over the Souss plain during the Plio-Villafranchian left place to a succession of paleoclimates responsible of major notches and construction of new generations of alluvial fans on High-atlsic's and Anti-atlasic's piedmonts; the Anti-atlasic's piedmonts were drier and have allowed the installation of dunes. More wet and more dry phases altemate undoubtless during aIl the Quaternary. The unique phases identified here are situated within the "Tardi-Soltanian" and the Upper Holocene. The last phase of increasing aridity settled down since the Upper Holocene until the Current, and was interrupted by wetter episodes. The anthropological action has stressed many aridification aspects: prolonged oued drying, gulliying, fall of phreatic water-table. The Souss epression which saw lakes developing over more than 1000 km2 during PlioVillafranchian and which was yesterday even the larder of the Saâdians (sugar cane culture) offers today sorne land drought aspects
Messager, Grégoire. "Signatures géomorphologiques de l'activité tectonique plio-quaternaire dans le sud des Andes centrales, Argentine." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3040.
Full textThe mechanisms and the timing of the building of the Neuquén Andes in the southern central Andes of Argentina, are poorly documented during the Plio-Quaternary. In this work, we studied morphotectonics evidence to characterize the orogenic front propagation showing a compressional state of stress during the Plio-Quaternary. The southern Neuquén Andes correspond mechanically to an orogenic tectonic wedge while its northern part implies initially isolated crustal blocks in the foreland. In addition, a broad uplifting area in the current foreland shows that the lateral growth of the Neuquén Andes is registered far from the commonly recognized orogenic front. Moreover, we interpret contemporaneous extensional structures as large scale gravity glidings which are usually observed along passive margins. Crustal uplifts and ductile layers in the sedimentary cover would be the primarily control parameters of the gliding. Numerical models and an analytical solution show that the incision and sedimentation could modify the mechanical parameters and thus favour or inhibit the process
Messager, Grégoire. "Signatures géomorphologiques de l'activitée tectonique plio-quaternaire dans le sud des Andes centrales, Argentine." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00580790.
Full textKarrat, Lhoucine. "Altération météorique de basaltes quaternaires en domaine méditerranéen de montagne (Moyen Atlas, Maroc) : relations avec les formes du relief et la sédimentation fluviatile." Tours, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOUR4008.
Full textHoubart, Anthony. "Évolution géomorphologique quaternaire de la Haute Vallée de l'Elqui : répartition spatio-temporelle des formes, modelés sédimentaires et interprétation paléoenvironnementale : cordillère de l'Elqui (Chili semi-ardie, Norte-Chico)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040131.
Full textNorte Chico is a buffer zone having registered Quaternary climatic fluctuations. The preservation of landforms and relief present in the Elqui cordillera, make it a rich geomorphological study area, which may provide answers to many of the assumptions Quaternary calendar climate of the region. Freshness and modeled forms present in the high Andes of Elqui, coupled with the presence of datable organic matter, will allow us to to explain the timing of implementation of the elements of relief. Field indices surveys allow us to highlight a series of processes involving the notion of relay and buffer zones in the sediment transport. Morphogenic crises originally training slope and valley floor currently visible result of a more or less direct answer of the Andean orogen to climatic events, so the results are compared with the results of other studies and in sites close or not our place of study to provide examples and arguments to current hypotheses on the evolution of the Quaternary climatic Norte Chico and multiscale way. The complexity of the implementation of the relief units, requires firstly an explanation of the different orogenic phases and developments morphoclimatic leading to the gradual development of current conditions. Second, the methodology necessary fieldwork and consistent results is defined and explained. A final section presents the synthesis of the series of training implementation valley bottom; the results of this study are also viewed in a broader scientific debate to apprehend the potential provided by the geomorphology in the Quaternary paleoenvironmental study of the Norte Chico as globally
Bonnet, Stéphane. "Tectonique et dynamique du relief : Le socle armoricain au Pléistocène." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00619316.
Full textDelmas, Magali Danielle. "Chronologie et impact géomorphologique des glaciations quaternaires dans l'est des Pyrénées." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010644.
Full textMeghraoui, Mustapha. "Géologie des zones sismiques du Nord de l'Algérie : paléosismologie, tectonique active et synthèse sismotectonique." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112220.
Full textGeomorphic studies of profiles conducted in 1986 across the El Asnam fault zone, the site of destructive earthquakes in both 1954 and 1980 allow quantitative evaluation of state Quaternary vertical offsets. Cumulative offsets were obtained with 13 profiles across both the main thrust fault and the secondary normal faults. 7 of the scarps levelled display three to five events including the 1980 earthquake and 5 others show cumulative vertical offsets at least eight times greater than that of 1980. On the ether hand 22 profiles conducted across the thrust breaks of the October 10, 1980 earthquake (M=7. 3) give more accurate values of co-seismic vertical displacements than those previously measured and confirm the existence of three segments A, B, and c along the strike of the fault. Dating of events identified on profiles, for which trench studies nearby have been conducted, yields the following results : in the last 1030 ±135 years, which is a cluster period of large seismic events, we obtain two uplift rates of 2. 42 mm. Y⁻¹ and 0. 97 mm. Y⁻¹respectively along the fault, as well as a recurrence interval of 315 years. For a longer time span (late Holocene), we obtain average minimum and maximum uplift rates of 0. 6 mm. Y⁻¹ and 1. 52 mm. Y⁻¹ respectively, and a recurrence interval of 710 years. An uplifted terrace located at the junction between segments A and B and dated approximately at 100,000 years implies an uplift rate of 0. 5 ±0. 05 mm. Y⁻¹ which is comparable to the minimum late Holocene uplift rate. The slip rate variability thus appears to depend not only on the uneven temporal distribution of large earthquakes (with M>7), but also on the variations in the amplitude of vertical displacements along different segments of the fault. Hence, the El Asnam thrust behavior is variable and episodic along strike, of the fault and is characterized by clusters of large events separated by longer periods of dormancy
Principaud, Mélanie. "Morphologie, architecture et dynamique sédimentaire d'une pente carbonatée moderne : le Great Bahama Bank (Bahamas)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0301/document.
Full textAn analysis of multi-beam echo sounder, sub-bottom profiler (Chirp) and multichannel seismic,highligths the present-day sedimentary dynamics and the Neogene-Quaternary architectural and stratigraphicevolution along the northwestern leeward margin of the Great Bahama Bank.The morpho-bathymetric analysis reveals an aragonite mud-dominated slope, and a broad spectrum ofsedimentary structures, related to various hydrodynamic processes. The density cascading currents associatedwith tidal currents and prevailing easterly winds correspond to the dominant transport mechanisms operatingalong the margin. The Bimini area displays a short and steep slope, stabilized at shelf edge by rimmed reefalbarrier, which constrains the off-bank export of materials.The stratigraphic architecture shows a complex evolution of the slope during the Neogene. The end ofthe Paleogene is marked by a continuous aggrading slope detached from the shelf by a fault escarpment. It passesinto a low angle slope-apron attached to the platform in the Miocene, and ends with an accretionary system witha steepened slope in the Pleistocene. Although the slope deposits are mud-dominated, they show rapid lateralvariations (< 30 km) from South to North throughout the Neogene with the establishment of turbidite aprons,debrite layers and large Mass Transport Complexes. These facies interact since the Langhian with the SantarenDrift which gradually extends and migrates along the slope until today. The maximum extent of the drift occursduring the upper Pliocene and coincides with a global oceanographic reorganization and major climate changesin the northern hemisphere, related to the closure of the Central American Seaway
Brouard, Etienne. "Évolution tardi-quaternaire des systèmes fjord-auge glaciaire du nord-est de l'île de Baffin, Arctique canadien." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31387.
Full textFjords and troughs are common geomorphological systems on high-latitude coasts and continental shelves where they embody the most obvious expression of the erosional power of past and present-day glaciers. While recent satellite data have brought crucial insights on how ice sheet and glacier dynamics have evolved on a decadal timescale, they do not provide a long-term overview (centennial to millennial scale) that is consequent with long-term evolution of climate. Centennial-to-millennial data on long-term evolution of ice sheets can, however, be obtained by investigating the geomorphology of deglaciated systems such as fjords and crossshelf troughs. Fjords and cross-shelf troughs of deglaciated high-latitude coasts and continental shelves have the potential to provide knowledge on deglacial dynamics from a complete marine-terminating ice sheet to a full terrestrial-based ice sheet. Here, swath bathymetry and seismic reflection data, together with geomorphological maps, are used to investigate palaeo-glacial history of the northeastern Baffin Island fjords and continental shelf. We present marine geophysical evidence that during the marine isotope stage 2 (MIS-2; 29 – 14 ka BP), the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) extended to the edge of the continental shelf, seaward of the previously proposed glacial limits. The LIS subsequently retreated episodically westward during the Late-Foxe and Holocene deglaciation. A glacial landsystem approach has then been used to investigate ice-sheet retreat through the northeastern Baffin Island fjords. The geomorphology and landforms-assemblages preserved since deglaciation on the seafloor reveal that: 1) ice streaming was probably active until the late stage of deglaciation; 2) bathymetric highs acted as sticky spots and therefore as obstacles to fast ice-flow; 3) crystalline bedrock did not act as sticky spot as suggested for other palaeo-ice streams in North America; 4) factors favoring ice-margin stability include funnel-shaped bathymetry, bends and climate forcing; 5) tidewater-glaciers can achieve icemargin stability on retrograde slopes and in deep (>800 m) basins; and 6) during deglaciation, sedimentation in fjords has been dominated by gravity-driven flows. The geomorphological analysis also enabled the identification of the flow-switch of an ice stream that occurred during the Pliocene-Pleistocene on the shelf, through glacial erosion and overdeepening of marginal troughs, i.e., deep parallel-to-coast bedrock moats located upice of cross-shelf troughs. Shelf geomorphology imaged by high-resolution swath bathymetry and seismostratigraphic data in the troughs provides evidence for the extension of ice streams from Scott and Hecla & Griper troughs towards the interior of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. This up-ice extension of the Scott ice stream along a marginal trough and into the Sam Ford icedrainage basin led to the capture the Sam Ford ice stream, causing a flow-switch and a shutdown of ice streaming in Sam Ford Trough. Finally, geomorphological mapping led to the production of a series of 50 maps of submarine glacial landforms in the fjords and cross-shelf troughs of northeastern Baffin Island, in which 24 types of landform associated with subglacial, ice-marginal or paraglacial environments were systematically mapped (>55 000 individual landforms).
Nexer, Maëlle. "Etude conjointe des réseaux de drainage et des paléocôtes plioquaternaires soulevées : exemples de l’Indonésie et du golfe Normand Breton." Caen, 2015. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01258570.
Full textStudies dealing with drainage developed on paleoshorelines are scarce. To better our knowledge on evolution of these particular coastal landforms, we developed a morphometric analyse used in different settings. This method include the calculation of 15 morphometric indices extracted from relief, drainage network and the coast. Three areas have been studied in this way: Sumba Island (Indonesia), Huon Peninsula (Papua-New-Guinea) and the NW of Normandy (France). The two areas located in Asia have been chose to study the evolution of drainage network developed on sequences of coral reef terraces evidences of a wide range of uplift rates (0. 02 to 3. 4 mm/yr). There, the drainage evolution have been quantified by the analysis of eight morphometric indices then correlated to uplift rates. In the NW of Normandy (France), the sequence of marine terraces and rasas undergo low and constant uplift rates (~0. 06 mm/yr). The morphometric analysis of this coastal landform have been realised in order to better understand the mechanism which influence the degradation of these reliefs in a temperate climate. These local studies permit to better the knowledge on the studied sequences of fossil shoreline and the associated uplift rates. Finally, from these three studied areas, the chronology of the development of the neo-formed drainage on these zone newly, gained from the land have been established in different setting (climate, geology and tectonic)
Carneiro, Filho Arnaldo. "Evolution des paysages dans le bassin moyen du Rio Négro (Amazonie brésilienne) depuis le pléniglaciaire moyen : Apports des indicateurs morphogéniques des archives alluviales et éoliennes." Strasbourg 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR1GEO1.
Full textThe amazonian quaternary environmental history is still poorly known. Paleoecological data are scarce and extrapolations of long paleoclimatic reconstructions based on pollen evidence alone seems inadequate to give a picture of the recent Quaternary changes for the entire Amazon basin. Our multidisciplinary approach intends to bring some new evidences of the quaternary landscape evolution of the northern portion of the Amazon basin. The study on relict linear eolian dunes bordering the Rio Negro River and some tributaries, indicates a past drier climate regime during the Pleistocene - Holocene transition. Here we present thermoluminescence ages spanning the period of 32,000 B. P. The final dune stabilization took place after 8,000 B. P. At present, the dunes are fixed by vegetation. Closely, the Itui Lake pollen core provides a synthesis of Holocene vegetation dynamics between 9,580 and 6,500 BP. Fluvial sediment cores spanning 55 000 to 37 000 BP were obtained from six terraces (Aracá and Cuieiras rivers) on the Rio Negro basin. Plant macrofossil records indicate that before 5̃5 000 B. P. , lowland areas were covered by a vegetation mosaic similar to the present one. After 55 000 BP the hydrological systems are marked by the installation of a more seasonal climate and the alluvial deposits have a strong asymmetrical shape if compared with the present depositional conditions. The lowermost unit consists of 2-3m of interbedding of fine to medium gravelly massive or cross-stratified sand and lenticular bodies of massive or cross-stratified sandy gravel with very fine to coarse pebbles. This facies unit was deposited in a sand gravel braided system perhaps associated to more drier and seasonal sort of climate. These results argue against the current opinions of absence of drastic ecological changes in the Amazon LGS. As a consequence, debate concerning the ecological consequences of Amazonian aridity in terms of biogeography and biodiversity needs to be reopened
Gosseaume, Édouard. "Morphologie du bassin de l'Arno." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100126.
Full textThe Arno river in Tuscany (Italy) is the unifying factor of a fairly coherent geomorphological zone. To the North of the river the Septentrional Apennines are medium-height Mountains forming secondary chains separated from each other by intramontane villafranchian basins. To the south of the Arno, the ranges are lower and the pliocene basins more extensive. Scanty morphological evidence remains to be found in the heavy flysch ranges. The outline of the Reno and the elbow of capture of the Bisenzio are what are left from an older southern outline of the main line of divide. The crestline of the higher summits transferred to the north-east of the present divide remains as evidence of an antecedence. The higher basins (Mugello, Casentino) are sharply cut out into pedogenised terraces with earlier fossil soils. The Valdarno is less eroded: the effluent from the Valdarno appeared at a later date. The Florence basin was the very last of all the Tuscan basins to have been created, and has been partially filled in: the plain takes precedence over the encircling hills. The Southern most basin, that of the Valdichiana, was the only one to have been touched by the pliocene transgression: it was joined to the hydrographic basin of the Arno only during historical times. The pliocene basins south of the Arno have been fragmented by postpliocene tectonics: ledges in tiers in the middle of the Elsa basin, graben of the Valdera. The neotectonics was also the cause of the fragmentation of the relief to the north of the lower Arno into a mosaic of tiny patches with low reliefs. The delta of the Arno, itself, is entirely the work of the river. On this foundation the current dynamics is at work, in a climate affected by altitude - it is humid - and by the propinquity of the mediterranean-it has a dry summer season. There are numerous types of earth movements apparent, accelerated by modern agricultural methods, and here erosion is still less advanced than in many basins of other Italian rivers
Molliex, Stéphane. "Caractérisation de la déformation tectonique récente en Provence (SE France)." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00493766.
Full textChapron, Emmanuel. "Contrôles climatique et sismo-tectonique de la sédimentation lacustre dans l'Avant Pays Alpin (Lac du Bourget) durant le quaternaire récent." Phd thesis, Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-285.pdf.
Full textBovy, Benoit. "Modélisation numérique du contrôle climatique sur l'érosion des versants. Développement d'un nouveau modèle et application au dernier cycle glaciaire-interglaciaire dans le Nord-Ouest de l'Europe." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721762.
Full textDelmas, Magali. "Chronologie et impact géomorphologique des glaciations quaternaires dans l'est des Pyrénées." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00519194.
Full textʿĀrif, Saʿīd. "La géomorphologie des terrasses quaternaires de la vallée moyenne de l'Ouerrha (Rif et Pré-Rif du Maroc)." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30044.
Full textThe objective of this study is the identification, the interpretation and the description of the forms and sediments of medium-ouerrhas two basins : taounate and tafrant-rhasfsai, a passage way between the rif and the pre-rif. Research of stratigraphica, geomorphological, pedological and tectonical nature, carried out in the region, and completed in laboratory by a sedimentary study of these quaternary formations, helped the interpretation of the geomorphological inheritance. This latter reveals, especially, the vigorous print of morphogenetic episodes (pluvial 1and inter-pluvial) in the two basins that, under different climates, made up some important alluvial terraces (laid out in tiers or stacked together), more often unequally located on one or other of the banks of the ouerrha. Four freaks have dominated the development of landscape in the two basins. The climatic oscillations thorughout the quaternary age, the tectonic freaks that have modified its evolution in detail, the pedogenese that has altered these depositions and the man's influence on the landscape that made in few years a work for which melliniums would have been needed
Mezrhab, Abdelhamid. "Croûtes calcaires, travertins et paléoenvironnements quaternaires dans le Bni-Iznassen (Maroc nord-oriental)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX10050.
Full textThe study carried out on the tufa and calcretes of bni iznassen region (north-east of morroco) in this research aimed to describe and to analyse the section chosen in order to understand the palaeoenvironmental problems it contains 3 parts : the first is reserved for the physical framework; the second contains the description and analysis of three sections. Two of them are lateral sequences. The third is a certica sequence. In the first case, the travertine edifices of the septentrional sequence in the bou ghriba valley were desribed. The travertine facies and the most recent detritic in this section were described and analysed in detail. The relationship between calcrete and tufa was analysed with more interest. In the southern sequence, the carcrete of the bled eddir and the western plain of bessara were studied; here the study was based essentially on the mocromorphological analysis of the facies. On the third section, taken from the oues sefrou, a system of laminar calcrete, due to a dissolution-precipitation phonomenon into stony depositis, was analysed ; the third part concerns a general interpretation of the carbonate formation in the bni iznassen and the problem of the present day carbonate accumulation
Bourgeois, Olivier. "Processus d'extension lithosphérique en Islande : interactions avec les calottes glaciaires quaternaires." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00619344.
Full textSitzia, Luca. "CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIE ET DISTRIBUTION SPATIALE DES DÉPÔTS ÉOLIENS QUATERNAIRES DU BASSIN AQUITAIN." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01009617.
Full textFréchette, Amélie. "Cartographie géomorphologique numérique du Parc national du Canada Kouchibouguac, au Nouveau-Brunswick." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5721.
Full textDelannoy, Jean-Jacques. "Recherches géomorphologiques sur les massifs karstiques du Vercors et de la transversale de Ronda (Andalousie) : les apports morphogéniques du karst." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691560.
Full textLe, Roux-Mallouf Romain. "Déformation Holocène de l’Himalaya du Bhoutan : apport de la géomorphologie et de la paléosismologie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT142/document.
Full textThe Himalayan arc is one of the most active intra-continental mountain belts in the world. Over the last centuries, several major earthquakes (Mw > 7.5) have struck this arc. The dramatic effects of the Gorkha earthquake sequence in 2015 pointed once again the crucial need to improve seismic hazard assessment of this area.Geological explorations of the Himalayas since the late 19th century have emphasized a 2500-km-long roughly cylindrical structure, with striking continuity of main units and thrust faults. However recent geophysical and geological investigations have revealed lateral variations. The relationship between these variations and earthquakes segmentation along the arc remains poorly constraint. The maximum size and the occurrence probability of such earthquakes are still a matter of debate.For instance, the seismic behavior of Bhutan remains enigmatic. The present-day low seismicity rate observed in this area can reflect two opposite fault behaviors: an aseismic creeping zone or a zone of stress accumulation for future great earthquakes as the others parts of Himalayas. The main objective of this thesis is to bring new constraints on the deformation of the Bhutan Himalayas, at different space- and time-scales, through morphotectonic and paleoseismological approaches.The first part of this thesis focuses on the vertical deformation assessment along a N-S transect in western Bhutan and along the Main Frontal Thrust, which is the southern-most thrust in southern Bhutan. In the past three years, we have carried out three fieldwork campaigns to sample (1) frontal terraces to assess Holocene uplift rates, (2) watershed basins to quantify short term denudation rates (< 20 ky) derived from cosmonuclides $^{10}$Be and (3) hinterland alluvial terraces to quantify the Holocene incision rate. Frontal Holocene uplift rates obtained in Bhutan are consistent with those obtained in the others parts of Himalayas. Furthermore, our results reveal a variation in the geometry of the Main Himalayan Thrust between eastern Nepal and western Bhutan.The second part focuses on several paleoseismic studies along the west and central bhutanese Himalayan front. Different sites were investigated during three fieldwork campaigns. Detritic charcoals sampling and modeling suggest the occurrence of at least five surface-rupturing earthquakes during the last ~2700 years. These results demonstrate that the present-day low seismicity rate observed in Bhutan is not representative of the seismic activity at longer time scale. At regional scale, they also take part of a broader discussion on the probability of occurrence of a magnitude 9 earthquake along the Himalayan arc
Antoine, Pierre. "Les terrasses quaternaires du bassin de la Somme : étude géologique et géomorphologique : Contribution à la connaissance du paléoenvironnement des gisements paléolithiques." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10143.
Full textPrognon, François. "Provenance du matériel à l’origine des formations pédologiques quaternaires des archipels des Bermudes et des Bahamas." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://pastel.paristech.org/3287/01/Thèse_PROGNON.pdf.
Full textBermudan and Bahamian Quaternary deposits are characterized by the alternation of carbonates and paleosols. Up to now, atmospheric material, especially Saharan dust, was considered as the main component of the pedological formations. XRD analyses revealed that the mineralogical assemblage of the Bermuda paleosols predominantly includes carbonates, clay minerals (kaolinite, chlorite and chlorite/vermiculite), phosphates, aluminium and iron oxides/hydroxides. It is strikingly close to the mineralogy of the altered Bermuda volcanic seamount, but noticeably different from the mineralogy of Saharan dust. Moreover, volcanic lithoclasts are found in numerous paleosol profiles all over the archipelago, in all the recorded time intervals. We thus consider the volcanic seamount as the main source of non-carbonate minerals detected in the paleosols. The atmospheric dust reaching Bermuda all along the Quaternary period is probably diluted by the local flux of insoluble residues and remains undetectable by the XRD method. Carbonates dominate Bahamian paleosols mineralogical assemblage. Recent formations contain kutnahorite, older hydrotalcite. We carried out a comparative study on the evolution of the San Salvador and Eleuthera paleosols mineralogy. It is supported by the speciation model CHESS. It demonstrates that soil evolution is driven by the local platform physiography and by the substratum mineralogy. The clay assemblage from Bahamian paleosols and marine sediments is inherited from North African and probably from North American sources (Mississippi Valley Loess)
Bernatchez, Pascal. "Géomorphologie et environnements quaternaires du Bassin de la rivière aux Anglais, région de Baie-Comeau étude de la formation de dépôts coquilliers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26538.pdf.
Full textSarr, Anta-Clarisse. "Subsidence Quaternaire en Asie du Sud-Est : de la dynamique du manteau à la circulation atmosphérique - Modélisation géomorphologique, géodynamique et climatique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU045/document.
Full textDynamic topography modulates the extension of inundated areas, at places where elevation is near sea level, by deflecting the surface of the Earth. This phenomenon produces large-scale paleogeography changes, which in turn modify external spheres (atmo-, hydro- and biosphere) by subsequent alteration of atmospheric and oceanic circulations and biodiversity. This inter-disciplinary work illustrates the connection string between Earth mantle dynamics and climate through the study of Quaternary evolution of South East Asia. The insularity of the region and the presence of low bathymetry seas, as the Java sea, enable fast and efficient modifications of land-sea mask and make it an ideal case for studying the connection between geodynamics and climate. Mantle flow, excited by the numerous subduction zones, is vigorously stirred and contributes to surface deformation. In this region, climate dynamics is also tightly related to the peculiar geography of the Indonesian archipelago. Paleogeographic changes are first revealed by coastal morphologies. They show the contrasted pattern of large-scale Quaternary deformation that underlines general uplift within the central-eastern part of the region, namely Wallacea, whereas the continental shelves, to the West and Southeast, are more likely subsiding. The combination of field observations with numerical modeling of coral reef growth is used to quantify vertical deformation. Our method is based on reef morphology (terrace number, depth, modern reef length) that we observed on the Sunda shelf (Western South East Asia) and reef morphologies obtained by numerical modeling, and enable an original quantification of subsidence rates of the platform. The results imply that Sundaland region was entirely and permanently emerged before 400 000 yr and formed at this time a unique continental mass between West Indonesian islands and continental Asia. The causes of paleogeographic changes are explored using modeling of regional geodynamics. A three-dimension subduction numerical model was devised to simulate the dynamical origin of deformation. This model analysis enables us to describe the spatio-temporal evolution of the deformation above a subduction zone in case of perturbation induced by the arrival at the trench of a continental block or oceanic plateau, a simplified case that is similar to SE Asia. Our results show that during a collisional episode, slab tearing generated by the arrival of light material unable to subduct is responsible for changes in mantle convection. Those changes are responsible for dynamic subsidence that followed an uplift event related to the first stages of collision. Inferred deformation rates have an range of magnitude similar to both measured and modeled rates at regional scale. The consequences of paleogeographic changes are studied using general circulation model simulations. Results show that the presence of an emerged Sunda shelf leads to a seasonal increase in precipitation over the Maritime Continent. This increase is related to seasonal increase in large-scale convergence induced by thermal heating of exposed land surfaces, a situation that, as we show, occurred before 400 ka. Sunda shelf exposure is also responsible for changes in horizontal water transport within the Makassar strait that modify sea surface salinities and temperatures at local scale. Our analysis further shows that increased precipitation seasonality is independent on model convection and cloud parameterization
Dibacto, Kamwa Stéphane. "Dynamique de construction et démantèlement des volcans tertiaires et quaternaires des Carpates par des approches géomorphologiques et géochronologiques Growth and erosion constraints of the East Carpathians volcanoes by numerical models: tectonic and climatic implications Eruptive history of the Late Quaternary Ciomadul (Csomád) volcano, East Carpathians, part II: magma output rates Eruptive history of the Late Quaternary Ciomadul (Csomád) volcano, East Carpathians I: timing of lava dome activity constrained by the unspiked K-Ar method." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS144.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, 47 new ages have been obtained by the Cassignol-Gillot technique. The very good reproducibility of the ages obtained in this study, added to a strict consistency observed between the volcanic edifices, support the use of the K-Ar method in the dating of the East Carpathian lavas (Călimani-Gurghiu-Harghita) and ignimbrite deposits of the North Hungarian (Mátra and Bükk Mts. [western Carpathians]). In the Eastern part, this new geochronological dataset has been combined with geomorphological analyses to constrain the volcanic history as well as to compute construction and erosion rates of those volcanoes. In parallel, in the western part geochronological dataset has been combined with available paleomagnetic data to refine their stratigraphy. The East Carpathian volcanic range experienced an along-arc, Late Miocene to Quaternary migration of eruptive activity. Here, a novel and complex methodology are presented that yields new geochronological and geomorphological constraints on the evolution of the 20 volcanic edifices. New unspiked K-Ar ages either constrain their lifespan (6.79- 6.47 Ma for Seaca-Tătarca; 5.47- 4.61 Ma for Vârghiş) or date the youngest volcanic activity (central Călimani). For Ciomadul volcanic complex composed by a dozen of lava domes, which hosts the recent volcanic activity since the last 1 Ma, its activity has been constrained between 704± 18 ka and 28 ± 1 ka with several quiescence periods. In parallel, numerical reconstructions of volcanic paleo-topographies were performed to quantify their shape at the end of their construction stage. The inferred initial volcano size shows a wide range (3±3 to 592±115 km³), making up the four main successive volcanic segments (910, 880, 279 and 165 km³ for Călimani, Gurghiu,North Harghita and South Harghita segment, respectively) totalizing 2300 km³. Volume and age constraints allowed computing an average growth rate of 200 km³/Ma for the whole range, characterized by an initial moderate growth rate (137 km³/Ma) of the older volcanoes (11-3.6 Ma) followed by a lower growth rate (28 km³/Ma) obtained for the Plio-Quaternary volcanoes. Comparing reconstructed and current topographies yielded a total eroded volume of 524±125 km³, defining averaged denudation of 22% and a 20 m/Ma erosion rate. Erosion rates for major climatic periods were computed, which highlight the contrasting climatic contexts since 11 Ma. The highest erosion rate (38 m/Ma) occurred during a transitional moderate subtropical continental climate period (9.5-8.2 Ma). An intermediate erosion rate (14m/Ma) characterized a moderate continental climate period (8.2-6.8 Ma) when conditions became less humid. The lowest erosion rate (7 m/Ma) reflects the prevailing continental but occasionally semi-arid climate (6.8-5.8 Ma). The highest erosion rate (28m/Ma) was obtained for Plio-Quaternary times during the interglacial/glacial cycles. Such a quantitative morphometric and geochronological approach demonstrates its efficiency to study volcanic dynamism, including both constructional and erosional processes, through time. In the western part of the Carpathian range, the new ages obtained on the lava flows of Börzsöny made it possible to constraint its period of activity between 14.27 - 15.11 Ma. For the Miocene ignimbrite of Bükk foreland, the new K-Ar results range between 12.7 - 16.5 Ma
Bobenrieth, Pierre. "Contribution à la géologie du Quaternaire de la Blanquette de Planaise (Savoie) : géomorphologie et sédimentologie." Phd thesis, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923362.
Full textCamus, Maguelone. "Géomorphologie et géochronologie en luminescence optique de dépôts marins et volcaniques : contribution à la géodynamique quaternaire du Sonora, Mexique." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3544/3/M11537.pdf.
Full text"Géologie du Quaternaire et géomorphologie de la région de la rivière Biscarat, côte Est de la baie d'Hudson, Québec nordique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25696/25696.pdf.
Full textFleury, Marilou. "Paléogéographie quaternaire de la région de Saint-Michel-des-Saints : cartographie, stratigraphie et sédimentologie." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1700/1/M10586.pdf.
Full textBrosseau, Daniel. "Caractérisation des dépôts meubles et reconstitution paléogéographique quaternaire de la région du réservoir Eastmain-1, Baie James, Québec." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1701/1/M10461.pdf.
Full textNormandeau, Philippe Xavier. "Histoire du drainage tardiglaciaire de la vallée de la rivière Chaudière et des régions avoisinantes, Québec." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3404/1/M11503.pdf.
Full textSliger, Michel. "Structure et évolution du pergélisol depuis le Pléistocène Tardif, Beaver Creek, Yukon." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15862.
Full textThe Beaver Creek Road Experimental Site (62º 20’ 20’’ N – 140º 50’ 10’’ O) sits on the Beaver Creek moraine. This landform was already evolving before the Last Glacial Maximum. In a single square kilometer perimeter, its topography, vegetation, soil and cryostratigraphy have been studied with a geosystemic perspective to detail its catena and related structure. Furthermore, the cryostratigraphy has been interpreted considering the literature to suggest a landscape evolution model. Recent changes at the site were integrated in the model to actualize the geosystem’s evolutive trend. This work has shown that the durability of the permafrost is strongly supported by the wetlands associated to flat lowlands. On the one hand, some moraine hillcrests are still slightly outcropping. There, the limited moisture inhibited the development of peat and intrasedimentary ice (<1 m). On the other hand, the depressions are quite flat and extended. They inherited not only of the crest’s eroded sediments, but they also fixed an important quantity of ice and organic matter (>15 m) by the mean of syngenetic permafrost aggradation driven by the climate and preserved by the ecosystem. At least one thermoerosion event occurred before the last syngenetic aggradation stage (Holocene), but was only a partial one. The ongoing global warming threatens to trigger another permafrost degradation stage on the drainage basin scale. On the field unit scale, the land use is already degrading the local ice-rich permafrost.
Djemai, Mohammed. "Hydrologie du bassin versant du haut Sébaou : hydrogéologie des formations alluviales (Algérie)." Phd thesis, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00760498.
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