Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Géomorphologie dynamique'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Géomorphologie dynamique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Wakponou, Anselme. "Dynamique géomorphologique des basses terres soudano-sahéliennes dans l'Extrème-Nord Cameroun." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000057.pdf.
Full textThrough the analysis, the determination of the nature and age of differents landforms, this study attempt to retrace the typology of geomorphological features in the low-lands in Fra6north Cameroun. By its geographical location across the soudanian and the sahelian region, this area has been marqued by the quaternary palaeoclimatic oscillations. This phenomenon may be said to be responsible for the particularities to number palaeoforms and palaeoformations due to hydraulic and Aeolian morphogenetic processes. These later constitute the most southern limits (sub-humid latitudes) of the Global Wind Action System (GWAS) defined by Mainguet in 1992. Nowadays, in contrary morphoclimatic dynamic system, all these heritages are not static as they seen. As the build up processes has stopped since, they are condemned to wind or rainfall actions depending on the season. In any of the two cases, the result affects the landscape, causing deflation, erosion of superficial deposits and soil degradation which have been aggravated by human actions in their struggle for survival in this vulnerable sudano-sahelian milieu
Gopal, Arnaud. "Recherches en géomorphologie dynamique actuelle à La Réunion : le ruissellement et l'érosion pluviale sur parcelles expérimentales et bassins-versants." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE2002.
Full textThe first part of this thesis describes the environmental setting (location and environmental parameters) and the experimental design used for the collection of data (various agricultural and non-agricultural plots). The second parts is devoted to the pluvial erosion phenomenons. Measurements of rainfal, overlandflow and washload regularly carried out over a period of 8 years were analysed and interpreted. The study has also been extented to a number of drainage basins (rivière des pluies, ravine mer canal), in regard to their hydrological functioning (floods and sediment yields). The third part is a comparative evaluation of the limits of the two types of systems and reviews several models on floods and erosion. The island of La Reunion ranks among the areas having very high rates of natural and man-induced erosion
Barambirwa, Jean-Baptiste. "Altération et cuirassement dans le sud-est du Rwanda : étude de géomorphologie climatique." Bordeaux 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR30028.
Full textSouth - east of rwanda is formed of terraced erosion surfaces, which altitudes spread out from more than 1800 to less than 1400 meters. The s i to s iii levels are connected to byumba, butare an akagera surfaces, previously defined by rossi (1979). Loal levels s iv and s v are linked to high and low fans. They were formed essentially by: - a set of contrasted lithologic types; - a tectonic of meridian oriented folding and fractures; and - series of granitic intrusions surrounded by enclosing formations following more or less large virgations. Important phenomenons of alteration and lateritization have gene rated deep superficial deposits. Post- pliocen was marked by great climatic changes, and by drainage reorganization resulting from ri opening, and the erection of the volcanic chain in the north-west of the country. Those phenomena were accompanied by destruction an redistribution of those superficial deposits elements along high and low fans. Detritic sediment accumulations in the akagera valley behind qua tzitic ridges of mutenderi-mugogo, of rusumo and of muhororo, set up an important subsident zone. This movement finds expression in a certain transgression of lake surfaces, but also in landscape
Étienne, Samuel. "Les processus de météorisation des surfaces volcaniques en Islande : approche épistémologique de la géomorphologie des mileux froids." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010592.
Full textOllive, Vincent. "Dynamique d’occupation anthropique et dynamique alluviale du Rhin au cours de l’Holocène : géoarchéologie du site d’Oedenburg (Haut-Rhin, France)." Dijon, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684794v2.
Full textA wide methodological approach has been completed on a part of the Upper Rhine River. This dataset shows : 1/ documentary flood frequency variations of the Rhine River and 13 other rivers during the last 800 years. 2/ changes in the Rhine River and floodplain dynamics during Little Ice Age before major anthropogenic river management of 19th century. Planform changes, riverine forest, land use evolution, and anthropological settlement processes are described and quantified. These results allow the identification of major stratigraphic agent factors role responsible of these changes. 3/ the alluvial landscape character where the Oedenburg site settled, together with the evolution of the riverine forest influenced by the Rhine River hydrodynamics. 4/ of settlement dynamics during Antiquity. Four major settlement phases have been evidenced by spatial distribution analysis of roman coins found by pedestrian prospecting during the last twenty years. Settlement dynamics may have been influenced by either historical or environmental impacts. 5/ variations in alluvial dynamics of the Rhine River during Antiquity such as high water table or flooding events
Pech, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude de la dynamique des versants en montagne alpine : l'exemple de l'Ossola (Alpes centrales-Italie du Nord)." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010526.
Full textBogna, Ovesca and Anza, three valleys to the east of Mont-Rose (4633m) belong to the watershed of Toce, a tributary of the river Tessin. Their slopes and differences in altitude are very important. The valley slopes are cut out in metamorphic rocks of intern alpine zone. The resistant gneisses which breack through in places on western part and the micaschists that are localized on the eastern part, have been eroded by great quaternary glaciers the relict sediments of tardiglacial and postglacial fluctuations-moraines; screes- can be found in high mountain. Biochemic erosion and frost splitting are now acting o wide spaces. Yet the slope is the essential agent of de- gradation. Screes, solifluction, avalanches, mud-flows come one after the other on the same valley slopes. The amount of debris depends on the resistance of the rocks (>10m3 for quaternary accumulations and <1m3 for gneisses) and on the type of processes (<1m3 for frost splitting;>1m3 for avalanches; >100m3 for mud-flow). A map of potential natural hazards has been drawn from a statistical study
Mayeur, Georges. "La dynamique de l'érosion dans le bassin du Tavignano en Corse." Nancy 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN21026.
Full textWith an area of 566 km2, the Tavignano basin is evenly divided between granitic rocks which rise up to 2400 m or more in the west, and the schists in the eastern part, which don't reach the limit of the forest tiers in corsica (1600 m). In mediterranean surroundings the energetic relief accounts for an original climate with abundant precipitations which maintain important outflows (25 l s km2). In the overforested tiers, exclusively on granitic rocks, remnants of ice age morphology are evident down to 1100 m where the valleys are pinched into 116 dihedron. Freezing still occurs but has only minor effects. In the forest tiers outcropping rocks are hollowed by tafonies or rillenkarren whereas the substrate and vegetation determine the evolution of the slopes. The major rainy sequences lead to a catastrophic working of erosion with enormous swellings which reached a coefficient 208 in october 1976 with a flood of 4960 m3 s. The specific chemical erosion, running to 0,03 mm year, mainly affects the schistous part of the basin whereas the granitic summits are practically untouched
Callot, Yann. "Géomorphologie et paléoenvironnements de l'atlas saharien au grand erg occidental : dynamique éolienne et paléo-lacs holocènes." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066683.
Full textMoussirou, Bérangé. "Modélisation expérimentale de la dynamique long terme des reliefs en réponse aux forçages climatiques et tectoniques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30205/document.
Full textContinental reliefs are dynamic interfaces between the lithosphere and the atmosphere here a great diversity of processes interact with internal geodynamics and external geodynamics. They are at the essence of the problem of interactions between climate and tectonics. A better understanding of this interactions suggests a better understanding of effects of climate and its variations on the morphology of the landforms and their erosion. We present in this work the results of an experimental study in laboratory of the dynamics of the reliefs, under the effect of tectonic forcing (uplift rate) and climatic (rainfall rate). From the development of a consistent database of experiments carried out under different conditions of uplift and precipitation, we show that the mean steady-state of the reliefs, their update time and their morphology, deduced from slope-area analyzis, are non-linear functions of the uplift, with a rainfall effect that needs to be specified. We show that the mean equilibrium altitude of the experimental landscape is controlled by the ratio between rainfall and uplift "water-to-rock ratio", according to a nonlinear law constrained by more than 80 experimental data. The problem of the response of reliefs to climatic variations was approached by considering the effect of a decrease of rainfall rate on a landscape initially at steady-state, considering different durations of the decrease, with constant rate of rise. We show that more the deacreasing of rainfall asts in time, more the erosive response (erosion rate) is shifted in time and decreases in amplitude. This result implies that over very long-time scales (> a few Ma), climatic variations probably have very little impact on erosion rates. We also show that this response is controlled in our experiments by an erosion threshold. We also discussed the impact of spatial rainfall variations on the mobility of river and ridge networks. We show that such variations lead to a dissymmetry of the valleys and a migration of the drainage networks, which can cause catches between catchments. These phenomena observed in the experiments are in agreement with the geomorphological characteristics of the valleys of the north-Pyrenean piedmont. These results highlight the role of climate, in this case precipitation, in the long-term dynamics of topographic surfaces
André, Marie-Françoise. "Dynamique actuelle et évolution holocène des versants du Spitsberg : Kongsfjord-Wijdefjord, 79o Nord." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010633.
Full textWhat are the rates of evolution of contemporary arctic mountain slopes? Are they mainly relic or rapidly changing? This thesis seeks to answer this central question of polar geomorphology, based on a quantitative approach between classical description and recent modelling studies, with particular attention drawn to the relationships between slope processes and vegetal colonization. Central and northwestern spitsbergen were selected for a study area to attempt a definition of the types of slope evolution, and to evaluate the rates of holocene activity. Rates of rockwall retreat and debris accumulation vary at least from 1 to 1 000, the major factors responsibl e for such a diversity being relevant to the geological and topographical background and the pattern of glacial dynamics. Using dating methods such as lichenometry, this thesis also includes new data upon the frequency of extreme meteorolog ical events that result in high geomorphic activity
Jouve, Aurélie. "Modélisation de la dynamique des paysages : applications aux vallées de la Seine et de la Marne au quaternaire." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004273.
Full textRemini, Boualem. "Méga-obstacles et dépressions topographiques, leur influence sur la dynamique éolienne, les ergs et l'ensablement des espaces oasiens." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIML001.
Full textExperiments of laboratory on an isolated obstacle palced in the fluid current reveal the appearance of a wake area dowstream. On synoptic scale, according to satellite imgeries, aerial photographs and field investigations, wind currents in the vicinity of méga-obstacles (e. G. Eglab, tassili-Hoggar, Tibesti, etc. ) produce the same phenomenon-appearance of shelter zone. The effects of the geomorphologic parameters of the méga-obstacles in the shelter zone are quantified. Meanwhile, the topographic depressions (for example, Lake Aral, Lake Chad Chott El Djerid, Chot Melrhir) result in the analogic aerodynamic effects to that of an geomorphologic obstacle. The distribution of the méga-obstacles in Sahara and Sahel generates mega- Venturi effect controlling the localization of the ergs where the wind dynamics on the margins engenders threats to the oases and their irrigation systems. The Great Western Erg and the Eastern Erg in the Maghreb as two case studies are made
Hauchard, Emmanuel. "De la dynamique non linéaire à la dynamique du relief en géomorphologie : Application aux bassins-versants de la marge nord occidentale du Bassin de Paris." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUEL404.
Full textNaoui, Lotfi. "Le Lit fluvial et la vallée alluviale de la Mejerda (Tunisie) : étude de dynamique et de géomorphologie fluviales." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100030.
Full textThe first part is dedicated to a brief study of the basins followed by the river, their structural relations, topographies, neotectonic aspects and to a tentative dating of the fluvial incision in the plains. A second part characterizes the river flow, fed by winter rains, very low in summer, but capable of impressive floods that fill the river trench and even, although rarely, get out upon some parts of the plains. Since the fifties, the multiplication of dams did alter the natural flow, reducing the flood risk. The third part examines the meandering channel with its complex forms and its high sinuosity indes. The measurement of common descriptive parameters leads to a comparison with other meandering arteries and to the conclusion that the mejerda is in no way different from other freely meandering arteries, although it is entrenched six to ten meters below the plain level. Since the beginning of the xxth century, documents are available which allow a study of course changes. The processes at work on the high banks cut in high strength clays and silts can be observed nowadays. This leads to conclusions about a slow but patent mobility and rather important bank erosion. But dam building lessened river efficiency in such a way that the channel section is now undergoing a process of reduction, with vegetation invading it, most notably in the downstream part. So the present channel is not related to natural conditions anymore
Samba, Joseph-Marie. "Recherches sur la dynamique actuelle des versants dans un milieu physique tropical : le bassin supérieur du Niari (Congo)." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010538.
Full textThe humids tropicals biophysicals surroundings are generally characterized by an actif geomorphogenesis, particularly on slopes. These present a dynamic whose fashions and consequences depend of some factors : vegetation, rocks, local climate, human action. The begining of this dynamic is the rocks deterioration, then follow the solids materials mobilization on slopes, by gravity or water. This dynamic gives varied landforms : erosion cirques, gullies, slumping topography. Some inherited forms can continuate to act a roll in splopes dynamic. It is the case of armoured forms, whose genesis go back to tertiary. The objective of this study is to classify and to map the slopes of the region in function of their instability, for a rational exploitation of the considered biophysical surrounding
Lague, Dimitri. "Dynamique de l'érosion continentale aux grandes échelles de temps et d'espace : : modélisation expérimentale, numérique et théorique." Rennes 1, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003948.
Full textBonnet, Stéphane. "Tectonique et dynamique du relief : Le socle armoricain au Pléistocène." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00619316.
Full textCroissant, Thomas. "Modélisation numérique de l'impact des grands tremblements de terre sur la dynamique des rivières." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S117/document.
Full textIn mountainous areas, intermediate to large earthquakes (Mw > 6) systematically trigger a large number of landslides supplying the fluvial network with massive volumes of sediment. The progressive evacuation of the sediment out of the epicentral area alters river dynamics and may cause hydro-sedimentary hazards in alluvial plains (river avulsion, inundations, bank erosion, ...). The quantification of sediment transfers is critical to better understand landscape evolution on short timescales (i.e. hours to centuries) and improve hazard management in deposition areas. However, the factors controlling the coarse sediment transfers are still poorly known due to a lack of field measurements and adequate numerical models. The aim of this work is thus to study, via numerical modeling, the parameters influencing landslides evacuation, the transport capacity variations at the gorge/alluvial plain transition and the short-term dynamics and hazards of alluvial fans. This work is set up in the context of the West Coast of New Zealand (NZ) which presents a 50% probability to experience a magnitude 8 earthquake in the next 50 years. This problematic has been addressed analytically and via a numerical approach. Using the analytical approach, we demonstrate that the conservation of long-term transport capacity at the bedrock gorge and alluvial plain transition usually implies the channel narrowing in the alluvial part that is generally realized by a transition to a braided system. We identify discharge variability as the dominant factor of alluvial river long term transport capacity compared to riparian vegetation. To explore the role of channel self-organization on coarse sediment transport, we use Eros, a 2D morphodynamic model able to simulate landscape evolution improved by a new 2D hydrodynamic model. Combined with a sediment transport/deposition model and lateral fluxes modeling (bank erosion and transverse deposition), Eros allows for the emergence of diverse alluvial river regimes and geometries (e.g. straight/sinuous and braided channels) as a function of the external forcing experienced by the river (water and sediment fluxes). The application of Eros on natural cases has required the validation and calibration of its principal parameters using analytical solutions and the morphodynamic reproduction of natural systems such as the evolution of the Poerua river in New Zealand following the Mount Adams landslide. In the downstream part of the catchment, the ensemble numerical simulations demonstrate Eros abilities to 1) efficiently predict the morphodynamic evolution of alluvial fans submitted to different scenarios of large sediment supplies and 2) generate probabilistic risk maps. In the upstream part, the results highlight the dominant role of dynamic river narrowing reducing export times of landslide-derived sediments. We define a new law characterizing export times as a function of landslide volume and pre-landslide transport capacity that predicts mean residence times for a M8 earthquake in a mountain range of 5-30 yr, much lower than previous estimations of ~ 100 yr. The numerical approach developed in this work suggests that the study of mountain ranges response to severe landslide disruption can only be addressed with a 2D model able to account for the non-linearities between river flow, channel geometry and sediment transport. The results allow for a better characterization of landscape dynamics at the scale of a seismic cycle and hydro-sedimentary hazards in the short term
Thorey, Clément. "Dynamique des intrusions magmatiques peu profondes : théorie et application à la détection d’intrusions planétaires." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01278432.
Full textIntrusive magmatism plays a fundamental role in the accretionary processes of terrestrial crust. Indeed, when magma is forced to the surface, only a small amount of it actually reaches that level. Most of the magma is intruded into the crust where it solidifies into a wide range of features, from the small scale sills and laccoliths to large scale batholiths (several hundred kilo-meters in size). The topographic deformation that could be caused by shallow intrusions can be constrained by observations of planetary surfaces ; that is volume, shape and other dimensions of intrusions can be quantified. However, such observations must be linked to dynamic models of magma emplacement at depth in order to provide insights into magma physical properties, injection rate, emplacement depth and the intrusion process itself. In this thesis, we first investigate the relation between the morphology of shallow intermediate-scale magmatic intrusions (sills and laccoliths) and their cooling. We propose a model for the spreading of an elastic-plated gravity current with a temperature-dependent viscosity that accounts for a realistic magma rheology, melt crystallization and heating of the surrounding medium. The mechanisms that drive the cooling of the intrusions vary from Earth to the Moon and the ability of the model to reproduce the final morphologies (aspect ratio) of terrestrial laccoliths and low-slope lunar domes is examined. On the Moon, the emplacement of magmatic intrusions into the crust has also been proposed as a possible mechanism for the formation of floor- fractured craters. We propose a model for an elastic-plated gravity current spreading beneath an elastic overburden of variable thickness. We find that several characteristics of floor-fractured craters are indeed consistent with the emplacement of large volumes of magma beneath their floor. In addition, using the unprecedented resolution of the NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission, in combination with topographic data obtained from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) instrument, we show that lunar floor-fractured craters present gravitational anomalies consistent with magmatic intrusions intruding a crust characterized by a 12% porosity. The implications in terms of lunar evolution are examined
Salel, Tiphaine. "Dynamique des environnements fluvio-lagunaires du Narbonnais à l'Holocène (Golfe du Lion, France)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30083.
Full textThe present day Aude valley’s coastal landscape is the result of unstable lagoonal and deltaic environments during the last millennia. The understanding of past environmental dynamics is a key issue of the local ar-chaeological research, because since the Neolithic period human beings have settled in this area. This work aims to identify and explain the fluvio-lagoonal landscape’s evolution in the Narbonne region during the Holocene by using sedimentology, micropalaeontology and radiocarbon sediment datations. First, we analysed the present ostracods spatial distribution in modern lagoons and river mouths in order to use this microfauna as a bioindicator of past environmental conditions in the study area. Various aquatic envi-ronments (60) from the NW Mediterranean coastline were studied. The present ostracod assemblages characterize different stages of isolation, from completely closed lagoons to widely open marine bays, as well as intra-lagoonal environmental variability in relation to the inlets and river mouth proximities. The proposed database can be used to reconstruct coastal geomorphologies and dynamics, such as the holocene evolution of delta and barrier-lagoon systems in the Gulf of Lion. Second, sedimentary recording studies have been used to analyse the Narbonne’s coastal evolution. This study is based on nine cores distributed over the southern and eastern deltaic branches of the Aude river. With theses results, it is possible to propose a palaeogeographic scenario associated with the environmental dynamics of the lower valley since 9500 years cal. BP. This same data informs us about the local context of the Holocene sea level rise during the 9500-6000 years cal. BP. Several issues are discussed such as : the Holocene’s transgressions of the Gulf of Lion’s lagoons, the extreme marine event near the bay head delta around 5200-5000 years cal. BP, and the Aude delta’s rapid progradation during the last millennium. Additionally, we identified two periods of lead enrichment; which are consistent with the major mining peaks known in Languedoc (beginning of the first century AD - beginning of the classical Middle ages) and suggest a record of fluctuating metallurgical activity
Loget, Nicolas. "Dynamique de l'érosion fluviatile consécutive à une chute du niveau de base : l'exemple de la crise de salinité messinienne." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011641.
Full textGrimaud, Jean-Louis. "Dynamique long-terme de l'érosion en contexte cratonique : l'Afrique de l'Ouest depuis l'Eocène." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00982077.
Full textNammour, Tanios. "Les cônes alluviaux würmiens et holocènes de Jbai͏̈l (Liban) : stratigraphie et reconstitution de la dynamique par les structures sédimentaires." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070019.
Full textIn a very active margin of the arabian plate the fans of jbail was formed in the foothill area between a very snowy and uplifted mountain (j. Jaje) in the lebanon system. The fans was about three kilometers long in the last glacial time (wurm) and reached the sea at - 125m and farther -20m in the holocene. Artefacts were essentially of flint and opale. They indicate that the fans had started about -35000 years b. P. Many dynamic and sedimentary structures indicate also that the fans were deposited on a rasa (marine terrace) who evoluate to a pediment by a fluvial system of meandaring ouadis now degraded
Védie, Emeric. "Dynamique des versants en contexte périglaciaire : apports de la modélisation physique." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00324815.
Full textGartet, Jaouad. "Contribution à la connaissance de la dynamique fluviatile au pléistocène supérieur et à l'holocène dans la vallée de l'Ouerrha : Etude des dépôts des basses et très basses terrasses de l'Ouerrha (Rif - Maroc)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10017.
Full textChauvet, Hugo. "Ecoulements secondaires dans les rivières : influence sur le transport de quantité de mouvement et de soluté." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077058.
Full textRiver flow can induce secondary currents orthogonal to the main flow direction. The acoustic Doppler effect allows measurements of these weak currents without modifying the flow. In a straight reach of the Seine river we use an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) mounted on a small raft to evaluate the time-averaged velocity in the river cross-section. These measurements reveal secondary flows organised in periodic counter-rotative pair of cells with a size comparable te the water depth and a velocity of about 1% of the streamwise velocity. The observation of these cells in rivers is reminiscent of previous laboratory measurements made by Blanckaert (2010). We complement these observations with new measurements in a smaller river using an unidirectional acoustic profiler fixed at the water surface. These measurements reveal secondary flow cas similar to the ones observed in the Seine river. Their influence on momentum transfer is then investigated in the framework of the shallow-water approximation. This approach is used to reproduce the streamwise velocity profile over the cross-section. We show that secondary flow cells transport as much momentum as turbulence in rivers. Then, using numerical simulations, we extend this result to the dispersion of solutes by a series of counter-rotative cells. We discuss finatly the origins of these recirculation cells
Babault, Julien. "Dynamique de l'érosion dans une chaîne de montagnes : influence de la sédimentation de piedmont : l'exemple des Pyrénées." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10039.
Full textLe, Mauff Baptiste. "Dynamique hydro-sédimentaire du goulet de Fromentine et des plages adjacentes jusqu'au Pays-de-Monts." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT3005/document.
Full textIn the context of global change and the concentration of stakes at the land-sea interface, littoral observatories aim to better understand coastal dynamics in order to offer decision making tools. This thesis follows this approach by offering a complete study of a complex coastal system structured by three morphological features: the Bourgneuf Bay, the Fromentine inlet and dune fields with diverse orientations. (1) A diachronic approach focuses on the geomorphic change detection of emerged forms covered with three LiDAR surveys. A reproducible methodology quantifies significant changes and the beach resilience following Storm Xynthia (2010) while accounting for the benefits and limitations of LiDAR data. The variability of morphological responses reveals the complexity of the coastal processes to be studied. (2) A modelling approach is presented to assess the sensitivity sediment transport patterns to various wave and current conditions. Bathymetric and hydrodynamic data are collected so as to make sure the coastal processes are accurately represented in the model. Mike 21 (DHI) modelling system is used to simulate several tide cycles and 6 averaged wave scenarios. Yeu Island and the Coureau Islais cause strong refraction and diffraction phenomena which restrict the influence of wave direction on sediment fluxes. Finally, the evolution of the system is investigated in the light of a mechanism controlled by the tidal asymmety at the Fromentine tidal inlet and the sediment input induced by waves at the north entrance of the bay. The results highlight the influence of the geological and inherited geomorphological context on the hydrodynamic gradients and the strong connectivity within the system. In this thesis, the use of field measurements, remote sensing and modelling complete one another to better understand this complex coastal system
Hoffmann, Frédéric. "Les tufs et travertins en Périgord-Quercy : étude de la dynamique passée et du fonctionnement actuel de dépôts carbonatés exokarstiques : géomorphologie, sédimentologie, hydrochimie, anthropisation." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30066.
Full textTravertines are karstic carbonated deposits, and are well recording the evolution of passed climates and natural environnement. First, these deposits are related with the period of improved climate, more precisely, in the last interglacial period. In this period, big deposits of travertines appeared. They contained several kinds of informations concerned passed environnements, which are dating. Since the holocene period, the human interference became more and more important. Fine calcimetry can precise the composition of carbonates sediments and the biological processes. The travertines are influenced by the human interference since 7000 years. Nowdays, this human pressure is very strong and break the natural process of deposition, which resulted of karstic and biological influences. The endokarst and its hydrochemistry can explain the actual dynamic of deposition, in relation with hydrodynamic of spring and river. The dilution of karstic water can explain the absence of big deposits of travertines. In fine, this deposit resulted of the karstic dynamic and the human interference. They appeared like "karsto-anthropic" forms. These deposits are very recent, under 200000 years, in the perigord-quercy area
Remaître, Alexandre. "Morphologie et dynamique des laves torrentielles : Applications aux torrents des Terres Noires du bassin de Barcelonnette (Alpes du Sud)." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119737.
Full textBABAULT, Julien. "Dynamique de l'érosion dans les chaînes de montagnes : Influence de la sédimentation de piedmont. L'exemple des Pyrénées." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007292.
Full textDecaulne, Armelle. "Dynamique des versants et risques naturels dans les fjords d'Islande du Nord-Ouest." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF20006.
Full textZhang, Zezhong. "Stabilité dynamique des versants et effets de site d’origine géomorphologique : simulations numériques et rétro-analyses." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM074/document.
Full textIn this research work, numerical simulations using the finite difference FLAC software (Itasca) were first conducted with a homogeneous linear elastic slope model in order to characterize the acceleration amplification along the slope surface and behind the slope crest, and then to evaluate the topographic effect on the acceleration amplification. The interaction between the frequency of the seismic input motion applied at the base of the model with the slope angle and height has been deeply investigated. It was found that significant changes in the acceleration amplification factor result from variations in the slope angle and height as well as the signal frequency and duration. In addition, it has been shown that the ground motion amplification due to slope topography result from complex coupling effects between the input waves and the reflected waves on the topographic features and is highly controlled by the ratio between the wavelength of the input signal and the slope height.Numerical simulations are based on geotechnical investigations and geotechnical modeling, and it is necessary to validate the results through comparisons between modeling results and field observations. Frequency domain analysis such as spectral density and frequency response are an effective way to understand process characteristics and the various phenomena that cannot be explained in the time domain. For this purpose, a case study at Xishan Park ridge in Zigong in China has been studied. Site amplifications associated with the ground motion produced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake have been evaluated using the Standard Spectral Ratio (SSR) technique and root-mean-square acceleration (arms) method in time domain. 2D numerical analysis using finite difference method using the FLAC software (Itasca) has been then performed and results have been compared with monitoring data. The “simulated” peaks of the spectral amplifications are always lower than those derived from the field records. The strong attenuation of input motion at high frequencies highlights the shortcoming that a signal damping ratio does not adequately represent the energy dissipation in numerical simulations. Significant amplifications occurred at high frequencies (>10 Hz) and are considered to result from local specific conditions such as rock fracturing and ridge steps; thus they do not necessarily occur at the top of the hill. Finally, parametric studies were performed with elastic models in terms of various 2D slope geometries and geological layers to characterize the ground motion amplifications. The purpose of the parametric analysis is to understand the role of the geological layer, slope angle and slope height on the ground motion amplification, and thus to estimate if site amplifications could be responsible for the triggering of landslide. Then, the dynamic analysis on the slope model for different seismic magnitudes was performed and a slope failure based on displacement was created to evaluate the Las Colinas slope stability in Salvador. The numerical results clearly showed that site effects can have induced significant ground motion amplifications that contributed to trigger landslides
Bougère, Jacques. "Dynamique actuelle à l'Île de la Possession (Archipel de Crozet) : Substitution de processus géomorphologiques." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE2026.
Full textSubantarctic and volcanic island, La Possession (Crozet Archipelago 45°S/51°E) has received various morphoclimatic influences. Varying processes in ducing superimposed geomorphological features have followed from its aristing stage : theses processes are now changing by a lower periglacial influence than before. Fluid waters to frozen waters substitution originate terrain movements showing the weakness of peri glacial processes, even with a frozen soils effective activity. Active periglacial features are smaller and their events became seasonal. A real podzolic pedogenesis activity begin on low altitude area beneath often modofied by vertebrates and invertebrates in peat blankets. Processus as sesments were made by measurements and continuons plots experimentations (soils and air thermometry, gelisofluxion, surface hydrology) have supplied patterned-ground, surface run-off and land erosion data
Corenblit, Dov. "Structure et dynamique du paysage fluvial : études des rétroactions entre processus hydro-géomorphologiques et dynamique de la végétation du Tech (Pyrénées orientales)." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30197.
Full textPrincipaud, Mélanie. "Morphologie, architecture et dynamique sédimentaire d'une pente carbonatée moderne : le Great Bahama Bank (Bahamas)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0301/document.
Full textAn analysis of multi-beam echo sounder, sub-bottom profiler (Chirp) and multichannel seismic,highligths the present-day sedimentary dynamics and the Neogene-Quaternary architectural and stratigraphicevolution along the northwestern leeward margin of the Great Bahama Bank.The morpho-bathymetric analysis reveals an aragonite mud-dominated slope, and a broad spectrum ofsedimentary structures, related to various hydrodynamic processes. The density cascading currents associatedwith tidal currents and prevailing easterly winds correspond to the dominant transport mechanisms operatingalong the margin. The Bimini area displays a short and steep slope, stabilized at shelf edge by rimmed reefalbarrier, which constrains the off-bank export of materials.The stratigraphic architecture shows a complex evolution of the slope during the Neogene. The end ofthe Paleogene is marked by a continuous aggrading slope detached from the shelf by a fault escarpment. It passesinto a low angle slope-apron attached to the platform in the Miocene, and ends with an accretionary system witha steepened slope in the Pleistocene. Although the slope deposits are mud-dominated, they show rapid lateralvariations (< 30 km) from South to North throughout the Neogene with the establishment of turbidite aprons,debrite layers and large Mass Transport Complexes. These facies interact since the Langhian with the SantarenDrift which gradually extends and migrates along the slope until today. The maximum extent of the drift occursduring the upper Pliocene and coincides with a global oceanographic reorganization and major climate changesin the northern hemisphere, related to the closure of the Central American Seaway
Boujelben, Abdelkarim. "L'hydrosystème des sebkhas al Kalbiyya et Halq al Minjil : dynamiques hydro-morphosédimentaires, paléoenvironnements et évolution des paysages pendant l’holocène." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN1034.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the downstream part of the catchment area of central Tunisia, from the continental sebkha al Kalbiyya to the coastal sebkha Halq al Minjil. The extent and variety of forms and training and development of ancient lake and lagoon deposits pose major problems concerning the evolution of the Holocene hydro-morphosedimentary sebkhas operating current and the immediate fluvial system. This work focus on their origins and their paleoenvironmental and morphogenic expressions by multidisciplinary and multiscale approach. The main results of the study are: the complexity of the spatiotemporal distributions and the interesting stratigraphy of very heterogeneous sediments of sebkhas (bottoms and borders), the succession of fourteen major Holocene phases of sedimentation and four continental systems and paraliques of hydrological functioning in each of al Kalbiyya and Halq al Minjil enclaves, the plurality of multi-phase hydroeolian models of the sebkhas borders, the extent of the deposits and the multiplicity of formational morphometric characters and a variety of molded, especially historical age in the fluvial system, the Holocene instability of morphogenesis and environments whose factors are essentially subservient to eustatic variations and pluvio-thermal variability of a Mediterranean semi-arid climate, the relative sea level rise of +71 cm to 4965±35 BP and +187 cm at 4365±50 BP, the first signs of agro-pastoral societies influence on the environment are recognized during the III millennium BC, the role of neotectonics (subsidence, warping, fracturing) is located
Braucher, Régis. "Utilisation du 10Be cosmogenique produit in-situ pour l'étude de la dynamique des laterides en zone intertropicale." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30045.
Full textArnaud, Fanny. "Approches géomorphologiques historique et expérimentale pour la restauration de la dynamique sédimentaire d'un tronçon fluvial aménagé : le cas du Vieux Rhin entre Kembs et Breisach (France, Allemagne)." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833042.
Full textPian, Soazig. "Analyse multiscalaire et multifactorielle de l’évolution et du comportement géomorphologique des systèmes côtiers sud bretons." Rennes 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN20067.
Full textThis PhD deals with the geomorphologic behaviour of the South Brittany coast and more precisely, the part located between the pointe du Talut next to Lorient and the mouth of the river Vilaine near Penestin. Consisting essentially of low weathered cliffs and sand-dune/beach systems, the coast is particularly sensitive to erosion processes leading to shoreline retreat. Moreover, since the 1950s, the coast has been subjected to ever increasing man-induced pressures contributing to an ever growing artificial remodelling of the coastal fringe. In such a context, this study aimed at understanding the effect of the intricate interrelations between nature and society on the geomorphologic behaviour of the coast, with particular emphasis given to the occurrence of erosion processes. The analysis is based on a multi-scalar and multifactorial approach backed by three years of field work, as well as on a spatial and statistical treatment of shoreline variations over various time intervals. From a long-term viewpoint with a multi-decennial timescale, the analysis consisted in relating shoreline variations measured from aerial photographs to a GIS database describing the factors controlling coastline evolution. In this way, it was possible to establish the spatial and statistical relations between the shoreline movements and the controlling factors in order to classify them in accordance with importance of their respective role. The analysis was carried out over several time intervals depending on the availability of aerial photographs. It focused on five coastal systems: the Gâvres-Penthièvre dune massif, the Quiberon rocky peninsula, the Quiberon bay, the Gulf of Morbihan and the beaches located south-east of the Rhuys peninsula. From a short-term viewpoint with a timescale based on half-year intervals, the study aimed at establishing the morphodynamic behaviour characteristics of twenty five beaches located within the Gâvres-Penthièvre dune massif, the Quiberon bay and the Rhuys peninsula, using granulometric and topographic data as well as offshore and nearshore modelled wave data. The combination of the results allowed to build conceptual models of the geomorphologic behaviour of each of these coastal systems, and to analysis interrelationships occurring between “natural” and “anthropogenic” constraints. At coastal system scale, coastline variations are driven by morphological and hydrodynamical constraints. Protections established on the sand-dunes could favour fronts dunes advances. Over a shorter space scale, shoreline retreat is controlled either by accelerated erosion or by man-induced erosion processes. From these results, it possible to propose a typology of the vulnerability affecting the South Brittany coast, which takes into account so called natural processes and the relative forcing of man-induced factors in the spatial localisation of erosion processes
Roger, Jonathan. "Dynamique glaciaire des auges Notre Dame et Hawke, Nord-Est de Terre-Neuve." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29158/29158.pdf.
Full textDouvinet, Johnny. "Les bassins versants sensibles aux "crues rapides" dans le Bassin Parisien - Analyse de la structure et de la dynamique de systèmes spatiaux complexes." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344612.
Full textrésultats en réintégrant progressivement les autres variables de l'hydrosystème. Tous ces résultats aboutissent à la réalisation de différentes cartes de sensibilité dans ces régions du nord de la France.
LAGUE, Dimitri. "Dynamique de l'érosion continentale aux grandes échelles de temps et d'espace : modélisation expérimentale, numérique et théorique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003948.
Full textBrigand, Robin. "CENTURIATIONS ROMAINES ET DYNAMIQUE DES PARCELLAIRES. UNE APPROCHE DIACHRONIQUE DES FORMES RURALES ET URBAINES DE LA PLAINE CENTRALE DE VENISE (ITALIE)." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551273.
Full textRovéra, Georges. "Géomorphologie dynamique et aménagement des versants en moyenne Tarentaise : (Savoie, communes de Granier, Aime, Macôt-La Plagne et Champagny) : une contribution à l'étude de l'érosion naturelle et anthropique des Alpes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE19023.
Full textSeveral slopes of Tarentaise have a rapid erosion, by place this one is increased by man's activities. With a surface of 30 km2, oriented n-s, the study area, located in interior of alps, is made of quartzite, gypsum and glacial clay formations. Between 800 and 2000m, these rocks are destroyed by a growing weathering. The mountain climate of the study area has been measured by several thermographs and pluviographs (during 1984, 1985, 1986). Above 2000m, the periglacial processes dominate and induce rockfalls in quartzite cliffs and step in gypsum karstification. On this altitude, the building of the skiing resort of la Plagne has quickened erosion. Under 2000 m, the biostasy predominates but the concentration of waters causes gullying which the reafforestation and development of talwegs have attempted to stop, since the nineteenth century. These works done by r. T. M. Have slowed down the hemming on of the torrent reclaz of Champagny. Owing to many technics of measures, in situ, erosion is followed with accuracy. Models of morphodynamic evolution have been proposed. For 10 000 years, quartzite has eroded from 0. 01 to 0. 25 mm a year, gypsum from 0. 5 to 2 mm a year and clay slopes have been gullying 1 mm a year. Considered as revealing the dynamic of our environnement, erosion has been conceived as the result of inter-relations of morphdynamic parameters of the environnement and each time it is replaced within the context of geosystemic unities
Ollive, Vincent. "Dynamique d'occupation anthropique et dynamique alluviale du Rhin au cours de l'Holocène: géoarchéologie du site d'Oedenburg (Haut-Rhin, France)." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684794.
Full textMoreau, Myrtille. "Dynamique des paysages végétaux depuis la fin du Petit Age Glaciaire au Spitsberg (79° N)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF20009.
Full textCreuzé, des Châtelliers Michel. "Dynamique de répartition des biocénoses interstitielles du Rhône en relation avec des caractéristiques géomorphologiques (secteurs de Brégnier-Cordon, Miribel-Jonage et Donzère-Mondragon)." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10033.
Full textPeiry, Jean-Luc. "Approche géographique de la dynamique spatio-temporelle des sédiments d'un cours d'eau intra-montagnard : l'exemple de la plaine alluviale de l'Arve (Haute-Savoie)." Lyon 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO31009.
Full textHarmand, Dominique. "La Meuse lorraine : contribution à l'étude des alluvions anciennes de la Meuse entre Pagny s/Meuse et Mouson (Ardennes) : tentative d'une reconstitution paléographique et dynamique actuelle du bassin." Nancy 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN21008.
Full textAfter having presented the section of the valley as well as the former works and the methodology (first section), the author explains the conclusions of his research within 3 sections : study of the valley and conclusion (third section), study of the paleogeographic evolution and present evolution of the basin (fourth section). The alluvial sediments located between pagny s meuse and mouzon above all, are characterized by silicious deposits carried down from the vosges by the moselle river before its capture by the meurthe river. The sediments are either alluvial nappes-or more often- colluvial formations. The former recover 10 terraces from 0 to 200 m above the thalweg, the latter correspond to the lower terraces. Several measures (height, petrology, sedimentology, morphology,. . ) Have permitted the rebuilding pf 10 old fluvial nappes laid down during 10 different periods of alluviation which have been separated by periods of erosion. The alluvial units can be related to the fluvial formations of the high moselle valley. Besides, they allow us, first, to reconstitute the configuration of the successive paleovalley, secondly, to individualize the different cuestas so as the evolution of the lorraine meuse drainage basin. The numerous captures made at the expense of the latter would be mainly caused by a tectonic process