Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Géomorphologie littorale'
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Esposito, Gustavo. "Étude géomorphologique de la zone de "El Rincon" (Argentine)." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112221.
Full textThis survey deals with the geomorphological and sedimentological study of a vast perimeter of the Argentine coast (circa 2. 300 km2). This area named ''El Rincon" lies in the vicinity of the city of Bahia Blanca, and was poorly acknowledged up to now. 1) From data of field work and analysis of aerial photographs, it has been demonstrated that the development of those huge coastal marshes is linked to the progradation of the Rio Colorado delta, albeit the present mouth of this river is now situated well south of the studied area. In a second phase, the marshes were cut off by tidals channels, forming several shallow "bahias" separated by relictic islands which represent these ancient coastal deposits. 2) In the bahias as well as in the tidal channels a succession of environments linked with the action of dynamical agents can be described. In the most internal area where the tidal range is maximun, slikkes and low tidals flats are developing and the tidal our rents are mainly responsibles for the evolution of landscapes. In the external area where tidal range is limited, high sandy tidal flats are developing and are separated from the sea by beach and spit barriers. They are only owerwashed during high storm periods. Wave turbulence and exceptional storm levels are here the most effective dynamical agents. Tidal currents still play a prominent part in the uplift of the sands coming from the neighbouring continental shelf. 3) Exoscopic analysis yields to the knowledge of the origin of sands which are more represented within the external area. Results of the analysis of fine sediments are also discussed, bringing a new idea on the source of these sediments
Buisson, Claude. "De Cassis à Bandol, essai de géomorphologie littorale sur une portion du littoral méditerranéen français." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX23007.
Full textSadio, Mamadou. "Morphodynamique et aménagement des flèches littorales de la côte du Sénégal." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0539.
Full textThis thesis is a study of the morphology and morphosedimentary processes that determine the formation, dynamics and evolution of the sand spits characterizing the wave-dominated coast of Senegal. The thesis insists on the singularity of the coast of Senegal, the numerous spits of which provide a contrast with the sandy coasts of West Africa that are characterized by massive beach-ridge complexes. These spits are constructed by longshore drift but little is known of their dynamics, notably sand supply patterns, the way sand is redistributed alongshore, the relationship between these spits and river and tidal flux at the river mouths or lagoon inlets they divert, and the conditions that favour spit breaching, a mechanism that has important implications for coastal management. Using an approach that combines remote sensing, field experiments aimed at acquiring high-resolution topometric and hydrodynamic data, and conceptual models, spits characterized by free drift are distinguished from those with limited elongation, and the mechanisms pertinent to each type and to spit lengthening and recurves are analyzed. These morphodynamic aspects also include a scrutiny of the relationship between these spits and the river mouths they divert, especially that of the Senegal River delta. The spits of the coast of Senegal play an important role in coastal protection and in the management of the river mouths. They are also an essential element in sand drift along this coast. Coastal zone management plans regarding these spits and their associated river mouths need to consider more closely how these spits work and the conditions that can lead to their breaching
Moufak, Fatiha. "Attaque littorale par corrosion de calcaires pléistocènes au sud-ouest de Rabat (Maroc)." Brest, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BRES1003.
Full textThis essay continues with more precision the work carried on in 1954 by Guilcher and Joly on the Atlantic coast of Morocco. It concerns the sector at the south west of Rabat over a little more than twenty kilometers. This area consists of a coastal plain, with a littoral karst developed in pleistocene eolianites under the influence of a strong surf. The intertidal zone shows a rochy platform with steps separated by low, continuous rims. In the supralittoral, spray zone, very sharp lapies are found. Such forms do not derive from mechanical erosion, but from a conbination of biological and physico-chemical factors influenced by the climate. These coastal forms resemble very much those found in some intertropical and subtropical countries. Atlantic Morocco seems to be one of the countries where such featover are but developed
Rouiha, Abdellatif. "Formes et processus de corrosion littorale de calcaires crétacés au sud de El Jadida (Maroc)." Brest, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BRES1005.
Full textFollowing André Guilcher and Fernand Joly's study on corrosion forms in limestones along the atlantic coast of Morocco, our work concerns, with more detail, the region situated at the south of El Jadida, which is made of cretaceous, homometric, fine-grained limestones, and will thus allow a comparaison with coastal forms found in Morocco in other types of limestones. These corrosion forms show a vertical distribution with, in the upper part, very sharp lapies and intervening ponds and ovverhangs; in the midle part, very flat ponds with low, sinuous rims; and finally a low tide microclif. Such forms are not the result of the mechanicl action of the surf, but the result of boring by endolithic cyanophyceae and animals, action of lichen, and, on the other hand, of physico-chemical processus such as alternanations of wetting and drying, sea-water aggressivity, and corrosion by salt
El, Akhdar Mohammed. "Problèmes de la corrosion littorale de roches carbonatées en trois sites de la côte atlantique marocaine : (Dar Bou Azza, Jorf El Ihoudi et cap Tafelney)." Brest, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BRES1004.
Full textThe present study is included in a more general framework dealing with the coastal corrosion forms in limestone in the world. So far as it is presently known, the processes are mainly biochemical, but they show different aspects under the diverse latitudes and must still be precised in order to have a differenciation in data, the sites in which the observation have been made are distributed over three places of the atlantic coast of Morocco : Dar Bou Azza, near Casablanca ; Jorf El Ihoudi near Safi and cape Tafelney in the great Atlas. Previous work by A. Guilcher and F. Joly had show the diversity of corrosion forms, but detailed studies still missed. The distribution of forms in altitude shows their vertical differenciation, and the biochemical processus and agents in bioerosion are especially detailed
Goiran, Jean-Philippe. "Recherches géomorphologiques dans la région littorale d'Alexandrie en Egypte." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326333.
Full textGoiran, J. P. "Recherches géomorphologiques dans la région littorale d'Alexandrie en Egypte." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326333.
Full textMorhange, Christophe. "Mobilité littorale de quelques sites portuaires antiques de MéditerranéeMarseille, Pouzzoles, Cumes, Kition et Sidon." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00269281.
Full textLa fouille archéologique d'un bassin portuaire pose de nombreux problèmes techniques liés à l'omniprésence de la nappe phréatique au niveau de la mer. Le recours aux parois moulées, l'évacuation des eaux d'infiltration, la faible tenue des terrains par exemple, sont à l'origine de nombreuses difficultés techniques et de surcoûts importants. La mise en oeuvre d'une approche géoarchéologique, préalable à toute fouille, permet, dans la plupart des cas, une meilleure compréhension des paléoenvironnements littoraux, des processus morphodynamiques côtiers, ainsi que des logiques d'organisation de l'espace portuaire et urbain antique. Forts de notre expérience dans différents types de chantiers portuaires en Méditerranée (Marseille, Pouzzoles, Cumes, Kition et Sidon) et en tenant compte des apports de la bibliographie, nous présentons une synthèse de notre réflexion sur l'intérêt de l'utilisation des techniques géomorphologiques pour une meilleure connaissance des milieux portuaires antiques. En effet, cette démarche permet de répondre à des questions essentielles qui intéressent à la fois la communauté des archéologues, des historiens et des géographes.
La première question à laquelle peut aider à répondre cette approche est où ? Il s'agit de préciser la localisation du ou des bassins portuaires sur les sites archéologiques. Le deuxième problème auquel nous pouvons apporter des éléments est quand ? En effet, en l'absence de fouille stratigraphique coûteuse, la réflexion des archéologues est parfois limitée à des sources écrites interprétées de manière régressive et à des fouilles souvent anciennes. Cette approche chronologique va permettre de préciser la durée des aménagements portuaires antiques sur les côtes méditerranéennes.
Une troisième question, comment ? concerne la dynamique des paysages portuaires et la dynamique des paléoenvironnements. Ce vaste thème regroupe de nombreux aspects comme les impacts de l'anthropisation : stress sur les biocénoses, crises détritiques à l'origine d'envasement, pollutions urbaine et métallurgique diverses...
Pennober, Gwenaelle. "Analyse spatiale de l'environnement côtier de l'archipel des Bijagos (Guinée Bissau)." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363430.
Full textL'objectif est de décrire les conditions dynamiques de l'évolution du littoral en montrant les liens d'interdépendance qui existent entre les ensembles morpho-sédimentaires de l'archipel. La démarche développée a consisté dans la mise au point de méthodes d'analyse spatiale appliquées à l'étude de la géomorphologie littorale en utilisant les opportunités offertes par les SIG et la télédétection. Elle est basée sur une segmentation multicritére de la zone intertidale décrivant l'expace littoral dans ses formes, sa dynamique et sa cinématique. Ce travail a montré que l'archipel des bijagos constitue la partie émargée d'un delta estuarien très particulier, visiblement en accrétion, dont l'existence est lié à un contexte structural et hydrodynamique régional exceptionnel.
Nassica, Catherine. "Aménagement de la zone littorale européenne et ses problèmes environnementaux : pour une nouvelle typologie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040230.
Full textThis work tries to demonstrate, on the time scale, that the littoral is a domain of multiple appropriations by the human societies. It is made up of three stages: the definition of the « coast » entity, the water consideration in the management and the negative human influences. It considers the coast as a lifelike organism and an interface between land and sea worlds. It uses the multistage and geometrical approach to apprehend the morphological heterogeneity, the biological diversity and the spatial dimension. It quantifies and qualifies to characterize the natural phenomenon and the induced events by human beings and to announce the importance of the water, which has to be considered into a respectful management of the coastal environment. It analyzes and synthesizes the data from four selected sites, it brings out the specificities and the environmental problems and looking for a steady state by an enhancement of endogenous dynamics. It describes the diachronic relationship of man with this environment of transition and the awareness subsequent of the scientific community on the future of the coastal areas, face to new climatic conditions. The aim of this thesis is to prove the optimized use of « coast » resource and to valorize its plural potentialities for a sustainable development, where the management is the keystone of a new model, the bio-spatial-temporal (BST) organization. This holistic approach introduces the adaptive politics and the collective consciousness, for an evolutionary management and for a moralization of coast and of 6th continent use
Nahon, Alphonse. "Évolution morphologique actuelle d'une flèche littorale holocène : le Cap Ferret, à l'embouchure du Bassin d'Arcachon." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0182/document.
Full textLow rates of global sea level rise have allowed the Cap Ferret coastal barrier-spit to develop since about 3 000 years ago. Over the last 250 years, navigation charts attest of a significant instability of the distal end of the spit, to which the present study aims to provide a physical explanation. First, the crossing of cartographic data with meteoceanic data reveals a strong relationship of the spit-end behaviour with, on the one hand, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and, on the other hand, decadal to multidecadal variations in the rate of sea level rise in the Northeast Atlantic. Underlying processes were then investigated using a numerical model for sediment transport. Finally, the chronic erosion of the spit between 1986 and 2016, as well as the evolution mechanisms of the oceanic beach of the spit-end are described and quantified by means of topographic data. Locally, these results support the role of climate in the ongoing erosion of the spit-end. From a wider perspective, this study brings new insigths on the processes controling the evolution of Holocene barrier systems, in the present context of an accelerating sea level rise
Salel, Tiphaine. "Dynamique des environnements fluvio-lagunaires du Narbonnais à l'Holocène (Golfe du Lion, France)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30083.
Full textThe present day Aude valley’s coastal landscape is the result of unstable lagoonal and deltaic environments during the last millennia. The understanding of past environmental dynamics is a key issue of the local ar-chaeological research, because since the Neolithic period human beings have settled in this area. This work aims to identify and explain the fluvio-lagoonal landscape’s evolution in the Narbonne region during the Holocene by using sedimentology, micropalaeontology and radiocarbon sediment datations. First, we analysed the present ostracods spatial distribution in modern lagoons and river mouths in order to use this microfauna as a bioindicator of past environmental conditions in the study area. Various aquatic envi-ronments (60) from the NW Mediterranean coastline were studied. The present ostracod assemblages characterize different stages of isolation, from completely closed lagoons to widely open marine bays, as well as intra-lagoonal environmental variability in relation to the inlets and river mouth proximities. The proposed database can be used to reconstruct coastal geomorphologies and dynamics, such as the holocene evolution of delta and barrier-lagoon systems in the Gulf of Lion. Second, sedimentary recording studies have been used to analyse the Narbonne’s coastal evolution. This study is based on nine cores distributed over the southern and eastern deltaic branches of the Aude river. With theses results, it is possible to propose a palaeogeographic scenario associated with the environmental dynamics of the lower valley since 9500 years cal. BP. This same data informs us about the local context of the Holocene sea level rise during the 9500-6000 years cal. BP. Several issues are discussed such as : the Holocene’s transgressions of the Gulf of Lion’s lagoons, the extreme marine event near the bay head delta around 5200-5000 years cal. BP, and the Aude delta’s rapid progradation during the last millennium. Additionally, we identified two periods of lead enrichment; which are consistent with the major mining peaks known in Languedoc (beginning of the first century AD - beginning of the classical Middle ages) and suggest a record of fluctuating metallurgical activity
Salomon, Ferréol. "Géoarchéologie du delta du Tibre : Evolution géomorphologique holocène et contraintes hydrosédimentaires dans le système Ostie– Portus." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20040.
Full textOstia and Portus are two important harbour cities located on theThyrrenian coast, near the ancient Rome. This location corresponds to a fastly changing landscape (river and coastline mobility). The aim of this study is to reconstruct the Tiber hydrosedimentary dynamics in its delta plain during Ancient times (mainly in the 1st c. BC - 1st c. AD) and to identify their impact on the system Ostia-Portus. To complete this work, we analyse sedimentary cores drilled in the palaeomeander of Ostia and the canals of Portus. These results are compared to the archaeological and historical data. Crossing sedimentary, archaeological and textual data allows to consider hydrosedimentary anthropoclimatic crisis in the Tiber River watershed, during the period between the second part of the Ist century BC and the beginning of the Ist century AD. This crisis is expressed in Ostia, by: (1) a sediment accumulation at the mouth of the Tiber River, leading to the filling of the river mouth harbour of Ostia; (2) several major floods (at Rome - sometimes torrential floods); and (3) perhaps an increase of the groundwater levels. During this hydrosedimentological crisis or before, a strong lateral mobility of the Tiber mouth and the palaeomeander of Ostia probably affect the development of the city. Obliged by a strong demographic pressure in Rome and by the socio-economical context, Claude built Portus in the middle of the 1st century AD. Portus is planned with the idea to overcome the shortcomings of Ostia’s harbour: (1) by an increased harbour basin area (200 ha), and (2) by its establishment, 3 km north of the Tiber mouth, to avoid the main hydrosedimentary constraints. For logistical reasons (goods transport to Rome), Portus includes a fluvial canal system, connected to the Tiber River. However, Roman engineers take care to separate the canal system and the harbour basins (sediment load) and some of these canals are considered floodways (flood management). Sedimentary analysis characterise the canal functioning and filling (Canale Traverso, Canale Romano). This work is complemented by a methodological reflection on the Passega diagram and by a modeling of the Holocene evolution of the Tiber delta’s northern part , based onthe analysis of core samples
Basara, Noémie. "L'érosion des littoraux à falaises meubles en Bretagne : aléa, enjeux et gestion du risque." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0066.
Full textThe erosion of soft cliffs results from the denudation of inherited, superficial formations covering the current coastlines. Their retreat rate is unsteady and often smaller than on accumulation coasts. This type of cliffs represents, in Brittany, 20 % of the coastline. Although their evolution is not fully understood, urbanization and human activities have grown denser at the top of these soft cliffs and behind, in recent decades. This thesis addresses coastal erosion with a focus on coastal risks induced by current urbanization of these soft cliffs at regional scale. The analysis tackles the hazard, stakes and management components in order to assess erosion risk and to draw near the vulnerability of these territories.A systemic approach is adopted, nesting temporal and spatial scales, with the objective to identify the components contributing to the vulnerability of these coastal territories.A chronicle of erosion events at regional scale is produced to present the spatio-temporal distribution of erosion over the 20th and 21st centuries and to analyze the generating factors.Focusing on six representative sites, aerial photographs (between 1950 and 2015) and photogrammetric monitoring (from 2017 to 2019) allow a quantitative study of the kinematics of soft cliffs retreat. A new paradigm for assessing and mapping the erosion risk for soft cliffs is proposed.Finally, indicators for stakes and risk management allow assessing vulnerability at these sites, and a survey conducted among regional stakeholders identifies gaps in risk management policies. According to their type, soft cliffs show a range of erosion responses, controlled by a combination of subaerial and marine factors, including rainfall. In Brittany, their retreat threatens mainly residential and agricultural lands. The vulnerability indicators highlight the paucity of regulations, local management strategies, dialogue and public awareness. They allow a better understanding of the challenges raised by risk erosion management
Diaw, Amadou Tahirou. "Évolution des milieux littoraux du Sénégal : géomorphologie et télédétection." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010553.
Full textSenegalese coasts present a variety of forms that integrated into distinctive sedimentary environments; among these the coastal margins of the Saloum and the Niayes of the north littoral are part of the highly priviledged fields of studies in geomorphology and remote sensing. In this regard, these environments are remarkably original in that they present an extremely rapid rate of formation which is perceptible in very short time scales, historical or monthly. However, until the '70, they were rather subject to taxonomic formalization and precisions geared towards there setting relatively, to the quaternary variations in sea level. Therefore, if the morphological data are neatly defined, there are virtually no morphometric works on the Senegalese littoral, and those on the dynamic agents are characterized by scarcity of the main parameters, thus preventing to gain knowledge of their value and measure their impact on the evolution of forms. This last point is fundamentally linked to the structure of the means used. Therefore, we tried to bring a satisfactory reply to this point by the renewal of the geo-kinematic approach made possible by remote sensing. This technic enables us to establish how sangomar' spit and dune fronts of the north littoral develop, as well as to make, and renew, some assumptions, notably those about the setting of tannes and the dynamics of pre-littoral banks of the Saloum's estuary
Fauchois, Jérôme. "L'intérêt de la cartographie à grande échelle dans l'étude géomorphologique des littoraux dunaires du littoral du Nord-Pas-de-Clais." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50377-1998-224.pdf.
Full textLetortu, P. "Le recul des falaises crayeuses haut-normandes et les inondations par la mer en Manche centrale et orientale : de la quantification de l'aléa à la caractérisation des risques induits." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018719.
Full textMansoum, Mohamed. "Labaie d'Agadir : impacts des aménagements sur l'évolution géomorphologique du littoral." Brest, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BRES0001.
Full textRaimbault, Céline. "Evolution géomorphologique du littoral granitique sud-armoricain : approche terre-mer." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH19/document.
Full textThe granitic rocky coast evolution, in passive margin context, is still not completely understood as its evolution is lower. The aim of the South-Finistère shore zone studying is to better understand its development and erosive dynamic on a time scale ranging between Cenozoic and Quaternary. A detailed onshore/offshore mapping has been realized, highlighting several erosional features. From land seaward, a rasa (≈15m-high), a marine terrace (≈7m-high), a shore platform (0-5 m-high) and a rocky marine platform (-70 à 0m) have been emphasized. These objects evidence temporal variations in the response of the tectonic or eustatic processes. The 3D architecture of rocky marine platform demonstrates a highly fractured domain with major faults bounding several micro-blocks, reactivated between the Eocene (Pyrenean compression) and Late / Post-Oligocene (Rhine continental transform zone activation). The quantitative geomorphology applied on the western part of studying zone reveals none late-Cenozoic uplift. Consequently, the rasa and marine terrace have been shaped during a high paleo-sea level. The granitic surface’s erosion produces horizontal joint planes, as a result of weathering processes. The combination between planar and horizontal granitic jointing and the marine eustatic purge explains the large width of granitic eroded surfaces.Two eustatic purges (MIS 5 and Holocene) have been shaped the granitic shore zone and the vertical erosion, rate obtained for various lateritic horizon in onshore and shore domains, is ranging between 3.35 ±0.32 m.Ma-1 and 6.20 ± 0.80 m.Ma-1
Boucheron-Randet, Claudine. "Aménagement et gestion des dunes littorales françaises." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040196.
Full textAt the beginning of the XIXth century fixation of sand-dunes along the Aquitanian shore was a national concern; technics used along this coast to stop sands moving inland became famous and were also used along the channel coast. In the sixties, one century later, dwellings and roads were constructed, for the growing coastal tourism on the French shore; this reduced considerably area of the sand-hills and they were destabilized. In the seventies, ecologists have been concerned for conservation of natural shores and their opening to the public. Planning and management of these areas have been undertaken by municipalities, nature conservation societies and, above all, by the French conservatoire du littoral, a national body created in 1975. Sand-dunes are now considered as part of the patrimony; it's a weak and unstable milieu, difficult to keep in touched when it is much visited by people. To reduce damage by planning and defacement by the public a great deal of necessary information and education actions has to be undertaken
Marie, Guillaume. "L'évolution des formes et de la morphodynamique en domaine littoral volcanique : recherches dans l'archipel d'Hawaï." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010123.
Full textLe recul par genèse de grottes et d'arches est également courant, entraînant une irrégularisation longitudinale du trait de côte avant sa simplification. La formation de gradins par délogement latéral élabore une plate-forme en escalier. Des banquettes d'érosion marine de haute mer, en partie structurales, peuvent aussi être façonnées, mais elles sont rapidement immergées par l'élévation du niveau relatif de la mer consécutive à la subsidence volcano-isostasique. Sur le long terme, les glissements de terrain deviennent plus fréquents sur les grandes falaises plus anciennes.
Les formes de détail se développent également sur ces littoraux ayant subi une plus longue évolution. Lorsque les conditions sont favorables, des formes d'alvéolisation peuvent néanmoins être façonnées rapidement, notamment lorsque la texture plus résistante de la croûte superficielle permet la mise en surplomb. Les processus de météorisation semblent être confinés au niveau des discontinuités de la roche. Leur efficacité différenciée selon la durée d'émersion, notamment celle de l'haloclastie, façonne des plates-formes à rempart externe initiées à partir de banquettes d'origine eustatique.
Wang, Li. "Application de la télédétection a l'étude géomorphologique du littoral du golfe de Gascogne." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4095.
Full textMadouni, Abdellatif. "Géomorphologie et aménagement du littoral de Kénitra : de part et d'autre de l'estuaire du Sebou (Maroc)." Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRESA001.
Full textBaize, Stéphane. "Tectonique, eustatisme et climat dans un systeme geomorphologique cotier. Le nord-ouest de la france au plio-pleistocene : exemple du cotentin (normandie)." Caen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CAEN2057.
Full textParadis, Guilhan. "Etude comparative des végétations littorales du Bénin et de la Côte d'Ivoire." Bordeaux 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR30204.
Full textHemmoud, Abdellatif. "Morpho-sédimentologie du littoral du Haut-Atlas septentrional." Brest, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1987BRES1002.
Full textStudy of this thesis is to follow the evolution of the beaches on account of one year in order to give general explication to the seasonal oscillation of the beaches morphological and sedimentological. Also to present a taxomical study of different sedimentary figures and morphological forms at one time on sandy beaches, at the other time on the calcareous tidal flats. After determining such variation between the winter and the summer. We have tried to detect the cause that we qualify hydrodynamic factor. At the first place the swell and their runnings (without forgetting the role of the winds of land and sea). Concerning the calcareous tidal flats, we have presented the morphology of particular lime-sandstony rocks under the influence of the corrosion in an area affected always by techtonics
Mascret, Ariane. "Développement d'une approche SIG pour l'intégration de données Terre/Mer." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00542500.
Full textKitsoukou, Auguste. "Étude géomorphologique du littoral ponténégrin (Congo) : contribution à l'étude des érosions actuelles du rivage." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR10002.
Full textThe pontenegrin littoral is in a basin of which the sediments, dating from the secondary to the present era, lie on the metamorphic and intrusive bedrock of the Mayombe mountainous range. These formations are distributed in three disctinct geomorphological units : the cirques series, the coastal slope and the littoral plain. The different results take part in hazards prediction and prevention framework, and concern two fields: 1) the continental field, with a geomorphical map (scale: 1 30 000). - the cirques series comes from cristalline basement complex and is the consequence of a long period of erosion of arlready altered material. - the coastal slope is covered with colluvions stemming from the cirques series; it is an ancient marine cliff. - the littoral plain is formed mainly with sans coming from the inner plateau, as well as a drift along the shore. 2) the littoral field s. S. , where three semi-opened hudrosedimentary units were defined. The historical analysis shows that the most important retreats are located in the two bays. The direct measurements showed that the shore is retreating everywhere, except in south of pointe-noire, where the tendency is to stabilisation. The important retreat observed in the two bays is the result of combination of several natural factors. The erosion is also of human origine, especially after the strengthening of the jettes of the maritime harbour, and by many other inconsidered actions such as the extraction of materials from the beaches
Motte, Edwige. "Iconographie et Géomorphologie : l’usage de représentations artistiques des rivages comme outil de connaissance de l’évolution du littoral." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20036/document.
Full textThe shoreline is submitted to constant changes : its evolution results from both biophysical processes – swells, storms, ocean currents, meteorological factors –, and significant anthropisation, strongly accentuated during the last centuries. In France, on the coast of the Channel, variety and sumptuousness of types of coasts have aroused the inspiration of numerous artists, especially since the middle of the 19th century. Museums, archives, private collections possess precious records of the story of places. This research aims to reveal the informative value of artistic shoreline iconography to observe geomorphological evolutions of the coast. The first part contextualizes the general approach, setting out some essential theoretical considerations centered on modern geomorphology, the status of images in geography and a retrospective of the history of landscape pictorial representations. The second part concretely explores the foreseen potential of using artistic documents as knowledge sources at the scale of the French coasts of the Channel. From a limited corpus of art works, a methodology is developed. Finally, the third and last part of the work presents an application of the developed methodology in a precise context. The territory considered is the Rance estuary, with, as main issue, the identification and evaluation of architectural and sedimentological modifications that occurred in the coastline and foreshore. Results are released through a dedicated Website, which intends to be consulted, and eventually contributed, by a large public
Quevauviller, Philippe. "Etude géomorphologique, sédimentologique et géochimique du littoral de Galé et de l'estuaire du Sado (Portugal)." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10514.
Full textRey, Tony. "Dynamiques hydro-sédimentaires en Petite Camargue à l'Holocène." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00273819.
Full text* Identifier un ancien axe fluvial holocène entre les Costières et le cordon des Sables, cerner la période d'activité principale des paléochenaux holocènes développés dans le golfe d'Aigues-Mortes ainsi que leur modalité d'évolution hydro-sédimentaire,
* mettre en relation l'activité hydrologique des chenaux et les morphologies d'embouchure, caractériser et dater les formes littorales, et à l'aide de modèles actuels approcher les conditions hydro-dynamiques fluviales et marines qui ont prévalu à leur édification, et enfin, discuter de la présence d'une cellule hydro-sédimentaire au sein du golfe d'Aigues-Mortes,
* cerner et discuter de l'influence des contrôles internes et externes dans la construction de la plaine deltaïque occidentale,
* mettre en relation les témoins archéologiques et les nouvelles données paléoenvironnementales.
La démarche adoptée est une approche intégrée de différentes disciplines et méthodes de terrain. La sédimentologie sur carottage et le travail sur coupes et à la surface ainsi que l'utilisation de référentiels actuels permettent d'appréhender les dynamiques de mise en place et la reconstitution des milieux de dépôts. Cette démarche est appuyée par l'étude des formes de surface ou à partir des reconstitutions 3D réalisées à partir des sondages.
L'étude des archives sédimentaires sur site et hors site (coupes et/ou sondages carottés) et pour les périodes récentes manuscrites et cartographiques permettent alors de 1) dégager les grandes phases et les facteurs de la transformation des paléomilieux au cours de l'Holocène, 2) préciser les contextes paléogéographiques contemporains des lieux de peuplement et 3) décrire les réponses apportées par les communautés riveraines en particulier dans les zones à sédimentation active aux échelles locales (sites) et régionales.
Les résultats acquis dans la plaine deltaïque de Petite Camargue permettent d'affiner les étapes de formation du delta du Rhône à l'Holocène. Jusqu'à l'Antiquité, la plaine deltaïque de Petite Camargue est isolée en arrière d'un vaste cordon sableux. Les fleuves débouchent et meurent alors dans un vaste bassin lagunaire qui, par ailleurs, a constitué un environnement de plus en plus favorable à la formation de crevasses fluviales. La dynamique hydro-sédimentaire entre le Petit Rhône et le Vidourle se limite dans un espace exigu ce qui par analogie au delta du Danube, pourrait constituer le Stade Bloqué de la partie occidentale du delta rhodanien. Cet épisode se termine lorsque les chenaux percent le vaste cordon littoral sableux. A partir de ce moment, les chenaux progradent vers la mer Méditerranée pour construire des lobes deltaïques. Les morphologies distinctes des lobes apparaissent clairement à la surface de la plaine. Elles expriment l'évolution des processus fluviatiles et marins et leur degré de dominance de l'antiquité romaine à la fin du Moyen Age. La variabilité des processus s'exprime alors par des lobes deltaïques ayant des caractères morphologiques et sédimentologiques qui leur sont propres.
Les apports fluviatiles et la dynamique marine contrôlent le remplissage sédimentaire du golfe d'Aigues-Mortes. Ni les variations eustatiques, ni la paléogéographie pléistocène ne semblent avoir influencé la vitesse d'avancée des lobes deltaïques fossiles. Le colmatage du paléogolfe est aussi sous l'influence de facteurs autocycliques et allocycliques. Ceux-ci sont régis par des processus hydro-sédimentaires et climatiques difficiles à appréhender. Pourtant de multiples indicateurs environnementaux et humains montrent l'existence de forçages comme celui du Petit Age Glaciaire.
Pour affiner les reconstitutions paléogéographiques (transitions entre les faciès lagunaires et fluviatiles, délimitation géométrique des sections transversales des bras morts fluviaux, modalités de remplissage sédimentaire des chenaux...), il apparaît essentiel de multiplier les sondages carottés dans la plaine deltaïque de Petite Camargue et de dater par le radiocarbone 14 les milieux de sédimentation fossiles.
L'absence d'une plus haute résolution de l'information, les effets de sites ainsi que la régulation cyclique des lobes deltaïques masquent des tendances hydro-sédimentaires reconnues sur d'autres espaces. Seule une résolution plus fine avec une comparaison multi-sites permettra d'affiner la lecture climatique des sources textuelles et des données sédimentaires et géomorphologiques.
Deboudt, Philippe. "Etude de géomorphologie historique des littoraux dunaires du Pas-de-Calais et nord-Est de la Manche." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10200.
Full textThe present work brings an overview of anthropic influences in coastal dunes and coastal lowlands evolution since the middle of the 19th century. The study is refered to three types of morphological units which are located in Pas-de-Calais and north-eastern Cotentin (France) : fore dunes of Sangatte and oye-plage represent the south limit of the north sea coastal plain's coastline (Flemish coastal plain in France), dune system of the north part of bay d'Authie which is one of the three estuaries (with canche estuary and somme bay) that interrupted the straight coastline of the coastal plain of Picardy, micro-coastal dunes and coastal lowland of north-eastern Cotentin (Manche). The problematic of the work is based on geomorphology and on historical geography. We use both naturalist and historical approaches to assess the influence of human society in shoreline and coastline evolution. Changes in shoreline protection techniques and in coastal managers attitudes towards coastal evolution are also considered. We show that major changes in coastal protection and coastal management are related to storms events; this topic is presented for the coastline of Sangatte (west of Calais, Pas-de-Calais). We compare past and present coastal management through the example of the experimental protection sheme of Sangatte fore dune (1993-1997)
Joly, Frédéric B. F. "Le patrimoine géomorphologique : concepts, évaluation, médiatisation. Application au cas du littoral du Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10174.
Full textMorel, Valérie. "De la géomorphologie à la gestion des cordons de galets littoraux du bassin de la Manche et de ses abords : études de cas (Bretagne, Haute-Normandie, Picardie, Sud Angleterre) et réflexions générales." Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES1012.
Full textPillet, Valentin. "Détection et attribution des changements morphologiques côtiers récents en milieu insulaire tropical (Polynésie française, Caraïbe)." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS019.
Full textLow-lying reef islands and coastal areas of tropical mountainous islands are highly vulnerable to the impacts of tropical cyclones and the expected effects of climate change. However, while the French metropolitan coasts have benefited from a significant effort to assess their long-term changes, French overseas islands are the least documented areas in French Territory. Based on this observation, this thesis examines the respective contribution of natural and anthropogenic drivers in the past evolution of reef islands (French Polynesia) and mountainous island beaches (Northern Lesser Antilles). This study relies on a combined approach between geomatic and fieldwork. From a multi-scalar (spatial and temporal) analysis, we detect and attribute the planimetric changes experienced by the sedimentary systems of the studied islands. Results on reef islands are comparable to those of previous studies which established that most of the islands have been stable or in expansion over the last decades. They allow to suggest conceptual models of long-term trajectories and examine the respective contribution of the drivers considered in this study. On mountainous island beaches, this study shows that local settings explain the high longitudinal variability detected in various climatic situations. In addition, this study contributes to the global samples of studied islands and to move forward on the understanding of past coastal changes in French overseas islands
Trottier, Annie-Pier. "Géomorphologie et stratigraphie Quaternaire de systèmes de fjords-lacustres du Québec-Labrador." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66568.
Full textSediments contained in fjords have a high potential to reconstruct paleoenvironmental changes since these glacial valleys located at the interface of continent and ocean are generally characterized by high sedimentation rates. Fjords are long narrow valleys that were deeply incised during successive glaciations and interglacial periods. They typically contain glacial deposits and landforms that inform on past variations of ice margins. Fjords can also exist in lacustrine environments, such as in alpine area or formerly glaciated regions, where the glacio-isostatic rebound combined with the postglacial marine regression isolated the fjord from the sea. Many fjord-lakes are found in Québec and Labrador, but the evolution of these lacustrine basins since deglaciation is poorly documented, as many worldwide analogues of these type of lakes are still glaciated today, or are located in alpine regions where no marine transgression ever occurred. Hydroacoustic technologies such as multibeam bathymetry and sub-bottom profiles allow visualizing at a high resolution the morpho-stratigraphy of subaquatic basins in order to interpret the major events that modeled their basins and lead to a better understanding of their past and modern sedimentary dynamics. Using such an approach in fjord-lakes located at key locations would also allow refining history of last glaciation in areas where only few paleoenvironmental studies exist. This thesis reports and describes multibeam bathymetry data and sub-bottom profiles collected in eight fjord-lakes of Québec (lakes Mékinac, Jacques-Cartier, Pohénégamook, Témiscouata, Pentecôte, Walker & Pasteur) and Labrador (Grand Lake), as well as Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of their valleys and surrounding areas. The analysis that combine geomorphology and sismostratigraphy allow: 1) reconstructing the sequence of deglaciation in Mauricie (Southern Québec) and eastern Labrador; 2) refining the location of the Mars-Batiscan morainic belt as well as the transgression limit of the deglacial Champlain Sea on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River; 3) a better understanding of the dynamics of ice retreat in the fjords of Mékinac and Grand during climatic cold episodes (Younger Dryas and 8.2 ka BP event, respectively); and 4) establishing a model of morpho-stratigraphic evolution for fjord-lakes of Québec-Labrador, from deglaciation to the postglacial period.
Morhange, Christophe. "LA MOBILITE RECENTE DES LITTORAUX PROVENCAUX : ELEMENTS D'ANALYSE GEOMORPHOLOGIQUE." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00685442.
Full textCarneiro, de Claudino Sales Vanda. "Les littoraux du Ceara : évolution géomorphologique de la zone côtière de l'Etat du Ceara, nord-est du Brésil : du long terme au court terme." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040059.
Full textBourriquen, Marine. "Evolution du littoral de la Presqu'île de Brøgger dans le contexte du changement climatique contemporain, Spitsberg nord-occidental." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2041/document.
Full textArctic areas are the most sensitive to global warming. Since the end of the LIA, Svalbard’s landscape has been in a period of paraglacial transition, caused by an increase in temperatures and precipitation and the melting of glaciers. Little is known about the potential impact of global changes on the coasts of cold regions, although these represent 30% of the world's coastlines. Indeed, only 1% of the Arctic coastlines have been studied in sufficient detail to allow a quantitative description of the processes in action. As part of this thesis, we seek to understand the ways in which polar coasts record contemporary climate change. On the Brøgger peninsula, northwest Spitsbergen, several coastal systems have been studied through different adapted methodologies: a low-lying coast and several sites of cliffs, with lithology and different exposures. The melting of glaciers and the changes in the organization of the hydrographic network have allowed the rapid progradation of the low-lying coast since the end of the PAG. Since 1990, this trend has reversed with a predominance of coastal erosion, announcing the end of the paraglacial transition for this system. Regarding the cliffs, our results show that marine actions, whatever the lithology, have a significant influence on their evolution. Nevertheless, paraglacial and periglacial continental processes remain predominant in their evolution
Beuzen-Waller, Tara. "Interactions entre dynamiques environnementales et occupations humaines du Paléolithique à l’âge du Fer dans les piémonts du Jebel Hajar (Oman)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL077.pdf.
Full textIn Oman, Quaternary climatic fluctuations are characterised by wet and dry periods. Today, desert landscapes prevail in Oman and traditional settlements mainly consist of artificially water-supplied oases. This work exposes the hydro-climatic variations at the end of the Quaternary in the foothills of the Jebel Hajar in order to (1) better understand the various environmental potential of the foothills during the wet periods of the Pleistocene and the Holocene and (2) reconstruct the onset of aridity since the end of the Holocene Pluvial Phase. To do so, multidisciplinary analyses are conducted on fluvial archives, coastal sedimentation and archaeological site’s distribution and nature, in four areas of the Jebel Hajar foothills : Bat/al-Arid, Salut, Adam and Quriyat. The geomorphological and hydro-climatic data are compared with the distribution of archaeological sites, subsistence strategies in each archaeological period and water distribution/ acquisition. The results obtained attest a nesting of the alluvial forms during the Pleistocene, the reduction of surface runoffs as early as 5,840 - 5,610 cal. BP, the gradual concentration of the archaeological sites towards hydrologically favoured areas, a progressive optimisation of these spaces in the upper parts of the foothills and a high mobility of the shoreline in the coastal plain of Quriyat during the Mid-Late Holocene
Pellerin, Le Bas Xavier. "Morphodynamique des deltas de jusant et des flèches sableuses en domaine macrotidal : les embouchures de l'Orne et de la Dives." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC274/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to understand the mechanisms of sediment bypassing at tidal inlets in a macrotidal environment and the formation of a sandspit with perpendicular hooks. Two closed areas are studied, the Orne and Dives inlets on the coast of Normandy (France). Wave and topographic data, at several space-time scales, are used to study the inlet morphodynamics.The Orne inlet is affected by strong human impacts due to several port facilities whereas the Dives inlet knows a limited anthropogenic impact. The study of the two inlets allows to deduce the impact of the human activities in the sediment transport patterns. The Orne and Dives inlets share the same mechanisms of sediment transport. Both show a major cross-shore component of the transport, underlines by the swash bars migration over the ebb-tidal deltas. All swash bars have similar volumes and migration rates, between 3.5 and 8.0 m/month.The Orne inlet shows deposition on both sides. The accretion on the updrift coast follows the building stages of the harbour of Caen-Ouistreham. On the downdrift coast, the deposition creates the Merville spit, which has several interlocked ridges. A perpendicular hook is present on the distal part of each ridge. This work shows that the swash bar attachment at the shoreline shapes a new ridge. Wave diffraction around the distal part of the swash bars and ridges, and the local wave directions, explain the formation of perpendicular hooks
El, Harrar El Imrani Mustapha. "Morphologie actuelle des côtes rocheuses et des plages d'un secteur de la côte du rif à l'est de Tetouan." Brest, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BRES1004.
Full textAfter a general outline of the investigated area, and of its climatic, marine and hydrological environment, the rocky parts of the coast are described and classified (cliffs, features related and not related to marine processes, corrosion forms in various rocks); an interpretation is given of the genesis of the corrosion and abrasion forms. A shorter section concerns the beaches and coastal dunes (major and minor forms, various sand indexes, pebble beaches)
Darmame, Mohammed. "Le littoral entre Jorf Lasfar et Souira Qdima (Maroc atlantique) : milieu naturel et conséquences des aménagements." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100129.
Full textThe first part of this thesis describes the evolution of the coast from Ouljien. Different areas testify for a Neolithic human occupation including a great number of life places on alluvial and colluvial formations dating back to the superior soltanian. The second part proposes a description of the cliffs in the area. The evolution shows local risks for the northern areas of Safi. The harbor development in that city has entailed an ablation in the southern area of the main pier. The frenetic exploitation of the beaches sand has increased the coast limits moving back like in Sidi Bou Denyane. The third part lists the different seaside resources, describes how they are managed and asks questions about that management. Then it shows the various pollution sources along the coast and attempts to analyze the consequences on the environment. The fourth part is an atlas helping to the protection of this environment in case of oil pollution
Flaux, Clément. "Paléo-environnements littoraux Holocène du lac Maryut, nord-ouest du delta du Nil, Egypte." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3011/document.
Full textThe ancient city of Alexandria was founded upon a narrow beach ridge, washed by the Maryut to the south. This Nile delta lagoon has been at the heart of the industrial and commercial economies of the city from Antiquity through to present day. Against the backdrop of this rich geoarchaeological context, the aim of this coastal geomorphology thesis is to elucidate the environmental history of the Maryut region.We have reconstructed the hydrological and geographical evolution of the lagoon during the Holocene using: (1) bio-sedimentology of radiocarbon-dated sediment archives; and (2) strontium isotopes in ostracod shells. The Maryut basin was transgressed by the sea around 7.5 ka cal. BP. Progressively, Nile inputs became dominant in the lagoon's hydrological budget, concomitant with the coastal progradation of the delta. After 5.5 ka cal. BP, our data attest to a gradual return to dominant marine conditions, which we link to a reduction in Nile flow in the context of the end of the African Humid Period. This marine lagoon seems to have been perennial until 3 ka cal. BP before Nile inflow became dominant, from the 3rd millennium BP until 0.8-0.9 ka cal. BP. The sediment archives and the historical data support an important retraction of the waterbody around 1 ka cal. BP, recorded by evaporite deposits. This was followed by a new highstand around 0.7 ka cal. BP before a retraction centred on 0.3-0.2 ka cal. BP. Since around 2000 years, this contrasting environmental history is correlated with phases of agriculture peaks and recessions and shows the increasing impact of irrigation practices on the functioning of the Maryut, located at the end of the hydrological conveyor
Camus, Adrien. "Apports de l'imagerie géophysique et de la photographie satellitaire et aérienne à l'étude de l'évolution géomorphologique des marais littoraux au cours de l'Holocène : application aux marais charentais." La Rochelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LAROS250.
Full textIn a study aiming to improve soil variability mapping, the integrated use of geophysical survey methods (electromagnetic, electrical and magnetic) and multispectral remote sensing (CASI aerial and SPOT satellite sensors) allow getting complementary data in terms of resolution and covering area. This approach was developed and tested in the aim of improving our knowledge of recent geomorphologic evolution of Western France marshlands. Spreading out a protocol of correcting electromagnetic survey data acquired in anthropic influenced marshland context allows correcting draining canals influence, which involves electrical conductivity diminishing similar to these of natural fluvio-marine palaeostructures present on the study area. At parcel’s scale, high resolution study methods (geophysical surveys, remote sensing and vegetal cartography) conjointly used allow to distinguish soil areas showing moisture and salinity contrasts with precision no reached with one method used alone. In the aim of realizing scale change from local data to landscape scale application, a protocol of estimating soil electrical conductivity from aerial or satellite remote sensing (through vegetal communities) was developed, using a neural network (Radial Basis Functions)
Pian, Soazig. "Analyse multiscalaire et multifactorielle de l’évolution et du comportement géomorphologique des systèmes côtiers sud bretons." Rennes 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN20067.
Full textThis PhD deals with the geomorphologic behaviour of the South Brittany coast and more precisely, the part located between the pointe du Talut next to Lorient and the mouth of the river Vilaine near Penestin. Consisting essentially of low weathered cliffs and sand-dune/beach systems, the coast is particularly sensitive to erosion processes leading to shoreline retreat. Moreover, since the 1950s, the coast has been subjected to ever increasing man-induced pressures contributing to an ever growing artificial remodelling of the coastal fringe. In such a context, this study aimed at understanding the effect of the intricate interrelations between nature and society on the geomorphologic behaviour of the coast, with particular emphasis given to the occurrence of erosion processes. The analysis is based on a multi-scalar and multifactorial approach backed by three years of field work, as well as on a spatial and statistical treatment of shoreline variations over various time intervals. From a long-term viewpoint with a multi-decennial timescale, the analysis consisted in relating shoreline variations measured from aerial photographs to a GIS database describing the factors controlling coastline evolution. In this way, it was possible to establish the spatial and statistical relations between the shoreline movements and the controlling factors in order to classify them in accordance with importance of their respective role. The analysis was carried out over several time intervals depending on the availability of aerial photographs. It focused on five coastal systems: the Gâvres-Penthièvre dune massif, the Quiberon rocky peninsula, the Quiberon bay, the Gulf of Morbihan and the beaches located south-east of the Rhuys peninsula. From a short-term viewpoint with a timescale based on half-year intervals, the study aimed at establishing the morphodynamic behaviour characteristics of twenty five beaches located within the Gâvres-Penthièvre dune massif, the Quiberon bay and the Rhuys peninsula, using granulometric and topographic data as well as offshore and nearshore modelled wave data. The combination of the results allowed to build conceptual models of the geomorphologic behaviour of each of these coastal systems, and to analysis interrelationships occurring between “natural” and “anthropogenic” constraints. At coastal system scale, coastline variations are driven by morphological and hydrodynamical constraints. Protections established on the sand-dunes could favour fronts dunes advances. Over a shorter space scale, shoreline retreat is controlled either by accelerated erosion or by man-induced erosion processes. From these results, it possible to propose a typology of the vulnerability affecting the South Brittany coast, which takes into account so called natural processes and the relative forcing of man-induced factors in the spatial localisation of erosion processes
Marriner, Nick. "Paléoenvironnements littoraux du Liban à l'HolocèneGéoarchéologie des ports antiques de Beyrouth, Sidon et Tyr 5000 ans d'interactions nature-culture." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00147821.
Full textA Tyr, nous avons élaboré un modèle géomorphologique d'accrétion du tombolo. Les archives sédimentaires littorales attestent de forçages d'origine naturelle et anthropique. (1) En amont du brise-lames naturel constitué de l'ancienne île de Tyr, la Surface d' Inondation Maximale est datée vers 7500 ans BP. Des faciès limoneux et une faune marine traduisent un milieu sédimentaire de basse énergie. Cette zone a été abritée de la houle du sud-ouest par un récif gréseux d'environ 6 km de long. (2) Après 6000 ans BP, la stabilisation du niveau de la mer, couplée à des flux sédimentaires importants, a engendré l'accrétion de fonds sableux. Cette dynamique a abouti à la formation d'un proto-tombolo, 1 à 2 m sous le niveau de la mer à l'époque d'Alexandre le Grand (IVe siècle av. J.-C.). (3) Après 332 av. J.-C., la construction de la chaussée hellénistique a entraîné une segmentation irréversible du littoral Tyrien.
Laibi, Raoul Adéniyi. "Dynamique actuelle d'une embouchure fluviale estuarienne à flèche sableuse, la Bouche du Roi, Bénin, Golfe de Guinée : caractérisation hydrosédimentaire et géomorphologique." Thesis, Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0407.
Full textThe Mono river estuary is established in the Western part of the Benin coastal zone. It's a microtidal estuary with predominance of swell. It ensures the exchanges with the sea by means of a tidal inlet named "Bouche du Roi". It forms a coastal hydro-sedimentary system associated with three generations of sand barrier which attest the last marine oscillations of the recent Quaternary. This thesis work studies the dynamics of these barriers-inlets on various temporal scales and according to a multi-field approach. The results show that the two old sand barriers are built and destroyed at the rhythm of marine level variations of recent Quaternary. On the other hand, the contemporary dynamics of the current barrier results in the morphogenesis of a spit-creek system, under control of littoral drift, tide conditions and hydrological seasons of the Mono river. Before the startup of Nangbeto dam, because of the temporary character of the Mono flows, the spit-creek morphodynamic was limited in space and time. But since the operating of the dam in 1987, the spit-creek morphodynamic became persistent, owing to consistency and permanence of Mono flows from now on controlled by the dam. The effects of this anthropic morphodynamics on the physical and human environment are immeasurable : loss of touristic beach, swallowing up of grounds and cultures (salt productions, agrarian cultures, aquacultures,...), destruction of dwellings and other socio-community infrastructures (schools, roads,...), populations displacements, exhumation of late parents remains,... The migration solution proposed consists in displacement of Hokoue and Docloboe populations and in periodical practice (every 7 years) of mechanical breaches on the level of Avlo beach
Nexer, Maëlle. "Etude conjointe des réseaux de drainage et des paléocôtes plioquaternaires soulevées : exemples de l’Indonésie et du golfe Normand Breton." Caen, 2015. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01258570.
Full textStudies dealing with drainage developed on paleoshorelines are scarce. To better our knowledge on evolution of these particular coastal landforms, we developed a morphometric analyse used in different settings. This method include the calculation of 15 morphometric indices extracted from relief, drainage network and the coast. Three areas have been studied in this way: Sumba Island (Indonesia), Huon Peninsula (Papua-New-Guinea) and the NW of Normandy (France). The two areas located in Asia have been chose to study the evolution of drainage network developed on sequences of coral reef terraces evidences of a wide range of uplift rates (0. 02 to 3. 4 mm/yr). There, the drainage evolution have been quantified by the analysis of eight morphometric indices then correlated to uplift rates. In the NW of Normandy (France), the sequence of marine terraces and rasas undergo low and constant uplift rates (~0. 06 mm/yr). The morphometric analysis of this coastal landform have been realised in order to better understand the mechanism which influence the degradation of these reliefs in a temperate climate. These local studies permit to better the knowledge on the studied sequences of fossil shoreline and the associated uplift rates. Finally, from these three studied areas, the chronology of the development of the neo-formed drainage on these zone newly, gained from the land have been established in different setting (climate, geology and tectonic)