Academic literature on the topic 'Geomorphology – South Africa'
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Journal articles on the topic "Geomorphology – South Africa"
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Shaw, Paul, and Colin A. Lewis. "The Geomorphology of the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Geographical Journal 163, no. 3 (November 1997): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3059727.
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McCarthy, T. S., B. P. Moon, and M. Levin. "Geomorphology of the Western Bushmanland Plateau, Namaqualand, South Africa." South African Geographical Journal 67, no. 2 (September 1985): 160–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.1985.10559713.
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Marker, Margaret E. "The Knysna Basin, South Africa: geomorphology, landscape sensitivity and sustainability." Geographical Journal 169, no. 1 (March 2003): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4959.04971.
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Dollar, Evan S. J. "Palaeofluvial geomorphology in southern Africa: a review." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 22, no. 3 (September 1998): 325–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339802200302.
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This article presents an overview of palaeofluvial geomorphology research in southern Africa. For the purposes of this article this includes South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland and Botswana. Although interest in fluvial systems has a long history in southern Africa, the scientific study of rivers was initiated by the discovery of the first alluvial diamond along the banks of the Orange River in 1867. Since then, significant progress has been made in unravelling the fluvial history of southern Africa from the early Archaean Ventersdorp Contact Reef River to modern channel process studies. The development of an understanding of palaeofluvial systems has occurred along two main lines. The first was alluvial diamond exploration work undertaken by the large mining houses. The second line was of a more ‘academic’ interest and included determining the impact of superimposition, tectonics, base level and climate changes. The review suggests that southern Africa fluvial systems have shown large-scale changes in drainage pattern, discharge and sediment yield and that these can be related to a complex set of causative factors including the geological template, the Jurassic rifting of Gondwana, tectonic episodes and climate change.
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Grenfell, S. E., W. N. Ellery, and M. C. Grenfell. "Geomorphology and dynamics of the Mfolozi River floodplain, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Geomorphology 107, no. 3-4 (June 2009): 226–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.12.011.
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Heritage, G. L., L. J. Broadhurst, and A. L. Birkhead. "The influence of contemporary flow regime on the geomorphology of the Sabie River, South Africa." Geomorphology 38, no. 3-4 (June 2001): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-555x(00)00090-8.
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Cooper, J. Andrew G., and Andrew N. Green. "Geomorphology and preservation potential of coastal and submerged aeolianite: Examples from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Geomorphology 271 (October 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.07.028.
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TOOTH, S., T. S. McCARTHY, P. J. HANCOX, D. BRANDT, K. BUCKLEY, E. NORTJE, and S. McQUADE. "THE GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE NYL RIVER AND FLOODPLAIN IN THE SEMI-ARID NORTHERN PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA." South African Geographical Journal 84, no. 2 (September 2002): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2002.9713774.
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Barker, Charles, and Gawie De Villiers. "A philosophical basis for the holistic study of landscape development in Geomorphology." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 27, no. 3 (September 16, 2008): 165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v27i3.89.
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The development of Geomorphology from two former major disciplines (Geography and Geology),makes it difficult for practitioners to accept a single major meta-paradigm as is the case with other earth sciences. It is also clear from current developments in the discipline, that the move away from the traditional qualitative research in micro-scale environments left a methodological gap in investigations into larger (meso-scale) phenomena. In this article, paradigms and science are examined with special reference to Geography as one of the parental sciences of Geomorphology (a view which is largely held in South Africa). After an elucidation of a meta-paradigm for Geomorphology, this meta-paradigm is then discussed in greater detail. Critical issues such as time and space and the way in which they are treated in Geomorphology are considered. Five social paradigms (functionalism, positivism, pragmatism, realism and the general systems theory or holism) used in Geomorphology are explained in as far as they have been applied to the discipline in the past. These are then linked to philosophical concepts and research approaches in landscape development in particular. The historical evolution of landscape development studies and principles of landscape development such as quantitative methods, antagonism, stability, equilibrium, catena’s, directedness, tectonics, and environmental variables provide the foundation from which the authors formulate a philosophical basis, “systemic realism”, for the integration of process and historic-genetic studies in Geomorphology. Several criteria are given for testing the proposed methodology, based on the components from which the approach was formulated. Results from a case study done on the Modder River catchment in the central Free State are compared with the suggested approach. Firstly, a conceptual model of the catchment is discussed. The identification of possible causal processes and environmental conditions is made from the conceptual model, previous studies and the spatial distribution of land forms and geological features in the catchment. Finally, some light is shed on the possible future development of the landscape. It is the authors’ contention that systemic realism forms a sound basis for future research in landscape development and, from there, provides a guideline to resource management.
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VAN COLLER, ALAN, KEVIN ROGERS, and GEORGE HERITAGE. "Linking riparian vegetation types and fluvial geomorphology along the Sabie River within the Kruger National Park, South Africa." African Journal of Ecology 35, no. 3 (September 1997): 194–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1997.090-89090.x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Geomorphology – South Africa"
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Beeslaar, Salome. "Geomorphology of a portion of Mariepskop, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40238.
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Hillslopes usually have high heterogeneity in terms of landscape processes. Interactions
occur between geology, geomorphological processes, and vegetation distribution on a hillslope. This
study was undertaken to assess the processes and interactions of geology, regolith production,
geomorphological processes, channel formation and how these are influenced by the vegetation on a
portion of Mariepskop. Mariepskop forms part of the Drakensberg Escarpment, but is a separate
hillslope within the Mpumalanga Province. A north-eastern portion of the Mariepskop forms the study
site, with a drainage line located within the site. Deciduous bush covers most of the study site, and
grassland patches occur on the southern parts of the study site. Quartz-feldspar-biotite gneiss
dominates most of the area with the cliff and higher parts consisting of feldspar-rich schist. Three site
visits were undertaken where bedrock geology, weathering, soil formation, erosion, mass movement
processes and the drainage channel were assessed. Maps of these processes as well as slope
profiling and plan forms were compiled. According to the results, Mariepskop shows heterogeneous
processes both laterally and vertically, with various degrees of interactions taking place. Underlying
geology, mass movements on higher altitudes, and soil creep on lower altitudes occur on both the
northern and southern parts. Processes mainly occurring on the northern part are rockfall from
drainage channel incision, weathering, rill erosion and fluvial erosion within the drainage channel.
Main processes on the southern part are mass movement in term form of slumping/debris flow, and
erosion, in particular rainsplash and overland flow. Soil is deeper on northern part than on southern
part of the study site. Geomorphological processes interact with the vegetation distribution over the
study area. Grassland patches on the southern part of the study site are mainly due to
slumping/debris flow, rainsplash erosion, convexity of the plan form (therefore no valleys) and oxidic
soils occurrence. Similar geomorphological processes will probably influence grassland patches over
the rest of Mariepskop.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology
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De, Bruin Mauritz. "The application of Forensic Geomorphology in rhinoceros poaching (South Africa)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/51385.
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A prevalence of wildlife poaching with escalations has occurred since 2008, especially regarding rhinoceros poaching. It is essential to protect southern Africa’s heritage by developing/adapting new research methods and techniques that can assist prosecutors to improve their successes in achieving convictions. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of forensic geomorphology in the context of a poached rhino to assist in the prosecution of suspected poachers. This study was conducted at two experimental study sites which mimicked the aspects of the landscape of rhinoceros by utilising the landscape through a variety of physical, chemical and biological techniques. Trace evidence was removed from the suspects that moved through the mimicked landscape in order to verify if any significant similarities could be identified. The study concluded that a linkage could be recognized between the selected landscape and the trace evidence collected from the suspects’ belongings in both experimental studies. The results from the first experimental study site illustrated that a definite linkage could be made between the suspects and the landscape, whereas the second experimental study site suggested that there was a possibility that a linkage could be made.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology
MSc
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Illgner, Peter Mark. "The morphology and sedimentology of two unconsolidated quaternary debris slope deposits in the Alexandria district, Cape Province." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005519.
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Research on hillslope surface processes and hillslope stratigraphy has been neglected in southern Africa. The amount of published literature on hillslope stratigraphy in southern Africa is very limited. Hillslope sediments provide a record of past environmental conditions and may be especially useful in calculating the recurrence interval of extreme environmental conditions such as earthquakes and intense rainfall events. The characteristics of hillslope sediments provide information as to their origin, transport and mechanisms of deposition. No published work could be found that had been undertaken on hillslope surface processes or stratigraphy in the eastern Cape coastal region. This study attempted to fill this gap in the geomorphic literature for southern Africa. The surface processes acting on hillslopes at Burchleigh and Spring Grove in the Alexandria district of the eastern Cape were examined in terms of slope morphology, surface sediment characteristics and the internal geometry of the hillslope sedimentary deposits. The late Quaternary hillslope sedimentary deposits at the two study sites are composed of fine grained colluvial sediments intercalated with highly lenticular diamicts. The fine grained colluvial sediments were emplaced by overland flow processes while the diamicts were deposited by debris flows. The sedimentary sequences at both study sites have a basal conglomerate interpreted as a channel lag deposit. Most slope failures preceding debris flow events were probably triggered by intense or extended periods of rainfall associated with cold fronts or cut-of flows. Seismic events may also have triggered slope failure, with or without the hillslope sediments being saturated. The results of this study indicate that a continuum exists between the slopewash dominated processes of the presently summer rainfall regions of Natal to the present winter rainfall regions of the western Cape where mass movement processes are significant. Hillslope deposits, therefore, provide a record of environmental conditions which may greatly facilitate proper management of the landscape.
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Dollar, E. S. J. "The determination of geomorphologically effective flows for selected eastern sea-Board Rivers in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005499.
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In South Africa the need to protect and manage the national water resource has led to the development of the Reserve as a basic right under the National Water Act (1998). The Ecological Reserve relates to the quality and quantity of water necessary to protect the sustainable functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The geomorphological contribution to setting the Reserve has focussed on three groups of information requirements: the spatial and temporal availability of habitat, the maintenance of substratum characteristics, and the maintenance of channel form. This thesis focusses on the second and third information requirements. The thesis has attempted to achieve this by adding value to the theoretical and applied understanding of the magnitude and frequency of channel forming discharge for selected southern African rivers. Many of the eastern sea-board rivers are strongly influenced by bed rock in the channel perimeter, and by a highly variable hydrological regime. This has resulted in characteristic channel forms, with an active channel incised into a larger macro-channel being a common feature of eastern seaboard rivers. Within the active channel inset channel benches commonly occur. This alluvial architecture is used to provide clues as to the types of flows necessary to meet the Reserve. Three river basins are considered : the Mkomazi, Mhlathuze and Olifants. The Mkomazi is a relatively un-impacted perennial eastern-sea board river and forms the research component of the study. The Mhlathuze and Olifants rivers are highly regulated systems and form the application component of the study. Utilising synthesised daily hydrological data, bed material data, cross-sectional surveys, hydraulic data and relevant bed material transport equations, channel form was related to dominant discharge and effective discharge in an attempt to identify the magnitude and frequency offlows that can be considered to be ' effective'. Results from the Mkomazi River indicate that no single effective discharge exists, but rather that there is a range of effective discharges in the 5-0.1% range on the 1-day daily flow duration curves that are responsible for the bulk (>80%) of the bed material transport. Only large floods (termed 'reset'discharges) with average return periods of around 20 years generate sufficient stream power and shear stress to mobilise the entire bed. The macro-channel is thus maintained by the large ' reset' flood events, and the active channel is maintained both by the range of effective discharges and the ' reset 'discharges. These are the geomorphologically 'effective' flows. Results from the Mhlathuze River have indicated that the Goedertrouw Dam has had a considerable impact on the downstream channel morphology and bed material transport capacity and consequently the effective and dominant discharges. It has been suggested that the Mhlathuze River is now adjusting its channel geometry in sympathy with the regulated flow environment. Under present-day conditions it has been demonstrated that the total bed material load has been reduced by up to three times, but there has also been a clear change in the way in which the load has been distributed around the duration curve. Under present-day conditions, over 90% of the total bed material load is transported by the top 5% of the flows, whereas under virgin flow conditions 90% of the total bed material load was transported by the top 20% of the flows. For the Olifants River there appears to be no relationship between the estimated bankfull discharge and any hydrological statistic. The effective discharge flow class is in the 5-0.01% range on the 1-day daily flow duration curve. It has also been pointed out that even the highest flows simulated for the Olifants River do not generate sufficient energy to mobilise the entire bed. It is useful to consider the Olifants River as being adapted to a highly variable flow regime. It is erroneous to think of one ' effective' discharge, but rather a range of effective discharges are of significance. It has been argued that strong bed rock control and a highly variable flow regime in many southern African rivers accounts for the channel architecture, and that there is a need to develop an ' indigenous knowledge' in the management of southern African fluvial systems
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Du, Plessis A. J. E. "The response of the two interrelated river components, geomorphology and riparian vegetation, to interbasin water transfers in the Orange-Fish-Sundays River Interbasin Transfer Scheme." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005526.
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The Skoenmakers River (located in the semi-arid Karoo region of the Eastern Cape) is being used as a transfer route for water transferred by the Orange-Fish-Sundays River Interbasin Transfer Scheme. The change in the hydrological regime of this once ephemeral stream to a much bigger perennial river led to dramatic changes to both the physical structure and riparian vegetation structure of the river system. These changes differ for each of the three river sections, the upper,middle and lower reaches. Qualitative, descriptive geomorphological data was gathered by means of field observations and this was then compared to the quantitative data collected by means of surveyed cross-sectional profiles at selected sites along the length of both the regulated Skoenmakers River and a nonregulated tributary of equivalent size, the Volkers River. Riparian vegetation data was gathered by means of plot sampling along belt transects at each site. A qualitative assessment of the vegetation conditions was also made at each site and then added to the quantitative data from the plot sampling. At each site the different morphological units were identified along the cross-section and changes in the vegetation and sediment composition were recorded. Aerial photographs were used as additional sources of data and observations made from these were compared to data gathered in the field. The pre-IBT channel in this river section was formed by low frequency flood flows but the hydrological regime has now been converted to base flows much higher than normal flood flows. Severe incision, erosion and degradation of both the channel bed and banks occurred. In the lower reaches, post-IBT base flows are lower than pre-IBT flood flows and, due to the increased catchment area, the impact of the IBT was better ‘absorbed’ by the river system. Aggradation and deposition increased for the regulated river in comparison to the non-regulated river due to more sediment introduced The IBT had the greatest impact in the upper reaches of the regulated river due to more sediment introduced at the top of the system.
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Huchzermeyer, Nicholaus Heinrich. "A baseline survey of channel geomorphology with particular reference to the effects of sediment characteristics on ecosystem health in the Tsitsa River, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/58056.
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Fluvial systems are dynamic systems in which variables in a catchment and river channel affect the morphology of river reaches. South African rivers are increasingly being exposed to stresses from a combination of factors, one of the most prevalent being the impacts of damming rivers which result in varying downstream sediment fluxes and flow regimes. The sediment load combined with flow characteristics for respective river channels provides the physical habitat for aquatic ecosystems. The damming of the Tsitsa River, through the construction of the Ntabelanga Dam, will change the overall downstream geomorphology. This creates an opportunity for research in the preconstruction window. The current condition of the Tsitsa River was monitored by completing a baseline survey of the channel geomorphology with specific reference to the influence of sediment on river habitats and ecosystem health. Five sites were established in variable reaches of the Tsitsa River, with Site 1 located above the proposed Ntabelanga Dam inundation and Sites 2-5 below the proposed dam wall. Each site included a range of features that can be monitored for their response to the dam. Physical variables, water quality and biota were monitored seasonally to note changes in habitat quality. A baseline survey of the present geomorphology and associated instream habitats of the selected reaches was set up by conducting cross-sectional surveys of channel topography, water slope surveys, discharge measurements and visual and quantitative assessments of substrate. Level loggers were installed at each site to collect continuous data on variations in depth and temperature. Monitoring surveys, in terms of fine sediment accumulation, were conducted to characterise dynamic habitat arrangements and macroinvertebrate community composition. A taxa related physical habitat score for the Tsitsa River was created. The relationship between water quality, physical and ecological characteristics of the Tsitsa River will aid further research in the area as well as create a better understanding of the influence of sediment on river habitats and ecosystem health. Monitoring sites can be used to monitor the impact of catchment-wide rehabilitation on river health prior to the dam being built. After dam construction, the top site above the dam inundation can still be used as a point to monitor the impact of catchment rehabilitation on ecosystem health in terms of fine sediment accumulation.
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Fisher, Ruth-Mary Corne. "The impacts of channelisation on the geomorphology and ecology of the Kuils River, Western Cape, South Africa." University of Western Cape, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7484.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScUrbanisation and storm water input in the Kuils River catchment changed the flow of the river from ephemeral to perennial. This led to flooding problems in the Kuilsrivier central business district. The river was channelised in 2000 to increase the carrying capacity of the channel and thus to reduce the flood risk. This study aims to monitor the impacts of channelisation on the geomorphology and ecology of the Kuils River. This was done by selecting representative study sites upstream, within and downstream of the channelised reach. The geomorphological and ecological characteristics of the river were recorded in detail with changes tracked over a year period incorporating channelisation activities and winter floods.
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Bobbins, Kerry Leigh. "Developing a form-process framework to describe the functioning of semi-arid alluvial fans in the Baviaanskloof Valley, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005500.
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The Baviaanskloof catchment is a semi-arid catchment located in the Cape Fold Mountains of South Africa. Little is known about the functioning of the complicated Baviaanskloof fluvial system and the role alluvial fans in the fluvial landscape. This thesis will contribute to field of geomorphology and, more specifically, to the field of fan morphometry by producing a standalone fan framework outlining methods to investigate the influence of external and internal control variables on alluvial fans. In this thesis, outcomes of the applied framework and case study are used to develop fan restoration guidelines for the Baviaanskloof Valley. The framework incorporates external and internal fan control variables at a valley-wide and local fan scale. External control variables include accommodation space, base-level change, and drainage basin inputs. Internal control variables include fan style, morphometry and fan channels. In order to apply the framework, fan morphometry data was required. This data was collected by creating a spatial plan of fans and basins in the valley. Outcomes of the applied framework include; an understanding of baselevel change on fans, relationships between fan basin characteristics and the fan surface and insight into fan channel processes. Results of the applied framework are investigated further using bivariate (correlation matrix) and multivariate (principle component analysis and regression analysis) analysis techniques. Significant relationships identified are: drainage basin area versus fan area, fan area and fan slope and drainage basin ruggedness and basin size. The primary outcomes of this thesis include an alluvial fan form-process framework, key considerations to be included in alluvial fan restoration projects and fan restoration guidelines. Contributions of this thesis to broader alluvial fan morphology science includes new insights into general fan literature by compiling a form-process alluvial fan classification framework to identify external and internal fan control variables and identify fan form. Additions have been made to Clarke’s (2010) evolutionary stages to describe stages 4 and 5 of fan evolution that has been adapted to describe fan evolution and differentiate between stages of mature fan evolution. This thesis has also contributed to the study of alluvial fans in South Africa, particularly in the Baviaanskloof Valley. The layout of the procedural guidelines and key considerations for an alluvial fan project provides a guide for rapid fan assessment for maximum cost and time benefits for stakeholders.
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McGregor, Gillian Kathleen. "The geomorphological impacts of impoundments, with particular reference to tributary bar development on the Keiskamma River, Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005510.
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The primary aim of this research was to develop and test a conceptual model of the geomorphological impacts of river regulation, based on a review of relevant international literature. It was motivated by the fact that there is very little local information on the topic, and it was intended that the model might provide a starting point for assessing the impact of impoundments on South African river systems. At present most research in South Africa on the impact of impoundments is undertaken from an ecological perspective. In order to manage our water resources sustainably it is necessary to have a better understanding of our river systems. South Africa is characterised by a variable climatic regime and, in order to supply water to the various user sectors of the nation, dams have to be larger than elsewhere in the world, to trap most of the mean annual runoff and provide a reliable water store (Alexander, 1985). South African dams have been designed to reduce the variability of a naturally variable regime. The impact of flow regulation in dryland rivers has been described as 'ecologically catastrophic at every level.' It is therefore hardly surprising that the impact of these dams on the natural functioning of rivers is substantial. The conceptual model showed that there are many responses to river impoundment, which are varied and complex, both in time and space. Responses or secondary impacts depended on the nature and degree of the primary impact or process alteration, on the sediment and flow regime of the river. High flows were affected in all cases and low flows were affected in most cases. The simplest form of change was Petts' (1979) concept of 'accommodation' of the regulated flow within the existing channel form. More complex responses occUrred where the channel perimeter was unstable, or where tributaries introduced fresh sediment loads. The river could adjust its long profile, cross sectional area and substrate composition by aggradation or degradation. The conceptual model was used in the Building Block Methodology to predict impoundment impacts at Instream Flow Requirement workshops on the Berg, Komati and Bivane rivers. It was also used in assessing the impact of the Sandile Dam on the Keiskamma river. Tributary junctions were identified as likely sites of change, and the morphology of bars at these junctions was investigated. Due to the number of variables affecting the sediment and flow regime in the system, and due to the fact that the primary impacts were not substantial, it was not possible to come to any decisive conclusions. It would seem that the dam is well located in the catchment, and, because the water is not heavily utilised, the secondary impacts are not great. The conceptual model was found to be a useful basic tool which might contribute to a better understanding of our river systems, and ultimately to improved sustainable resource management.
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Lynn, Michael David. "The development and distribution of heavy mineral concentrations in alluvial systems." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005549.
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The objective of this review is to summarise the characteristics, significance and evolution of heavy minerals and their accumulations, and to identify the key controls on the development and distribution of heavy mineral concentrations in alluvial systems. These controls can be broadly classified as tectonic setting, geomorphic setting and grain-scale concentrating processes, each of which is discussed. Based on this review, exploration models are developed which are designed to indicate favourable localities for the accumulation of heavy minerals, and trends likely to be exhibited within these accumulations. The models are structured from the broadest scale of target selection, down to the local scale of sample site selection. The major conclusion of this work is that an understanding of process geomorphology is required to develop genetic models of placer development, including a detailed evaluation of climatic fluctuations throughout the Caenozoic. Palaeoplacers such as the Witwatersrand goldfield, are inferred to have formed under similar circumstances of tectonic setting as genetically comparable Caenozoic placers such as those of Otago, New Zealand. The means of preservation of such major basins is however poorly understood.
Books on the topic "Geomorphology – South Africa"
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International, Conference on Fluvial Sedimentology (6th 1997 Cape Town South Africa). Catchment influences on the geomorphology and biota of the Sabie and Letaba Rivers in the Kruger National Park: Pre-conference field excursion, 6th International Conference on Fluvial Sedimentology, University of Cape Town, South Africa, 15 to 20 September, 1997. [Cape Town, South Africa: The Conference, 1997.
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Harrison, T. D. State of South African estuaries: Geomorphology, ichthyofauna, water quality and aesthetics. Pretoria: Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, 2000.
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A, Lewis Colin, ed. The geomorphology of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Grahamstown: Grocott & Sherry Publishers, 1996.
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Knight, Jasper, and Stefan Grab. Landscapes and Landforms of South Africa. Springer, 2015.
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Jörg, Grunert, ed. Geomorphology of the tropics with special reference to South Asia and Africa. Berlin: Borntraeger, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Geomorphology – South Africa"
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Cooper, Andrew, Ian Wright, and Tom Mason. "Geomorphology and sedimentology." In Estuaries of South Africa, 5–26. Cambridge University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511525490.002.
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Orme, Antony R. "Barrier and Lagoon Systems Along the Zululand Coast, South Africa." In Coastal Geomorphology, 181–218. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003022077-9.
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Knight, Jasper. "Transforming the Physical Geography of a City: An Example of Johannesburg, South Africa." In Urban Geomorphology, 129–47. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-811951-8.00008-4.
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Thornes, John, and Jamie Woodward. "Hydrology, River Regimes, and Sediment Yield." In The Physical Geography of the Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199268030.003.0020.
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In comparison to the rest of Europe, Africa, and Asia, most rivers arising and flowing within the Mediterranean watershed typically drain small catchments with mountainous headwaters. The hydrology of Mediterranean catchments is strongly influenced by the seasonal distribution of precipitation, catchment geology, vegetation type and extent, and the geomorphology of the slope and channel systems. It is important to appreciate, as the preceding chapters have shown, that the area draining to the Mediterranean Sea is large and enormously variable in terms of the key controls on catchment hydrology outlined above, and it is therefore not possible to define, in hydrological terms, a strict single Mediterranean river type. However, river regimes across the basin do have a marked seasonality that is largely controlled by the climate system (Chapter 3) and, in most basins, the dominant flows occur in winter—but autumn and spring runoff is also important in many areas. These patterns reflect the general water balance of the basin as a whole, but there are key geographical patterns in catchment hydrology and sediment yield and a marked contrast is evident between the more humid north and the semi-arid south and east (Struglia et al. 2004; Chapter 21). Also, because of the long history of vegetation and hillslope modification by human activity and the more recent and widespread implementation of water resource management projects, there are almost no natural river regimes in the Mediterranean region, especially in the middle and lower reaches of river catchments (Cudennec et al. 2007). Runoff generation on hillslopes in the Mediterranean is very closely related to rainfall intensities and land surface properties as discussed in Chapter 6. While this is probably true of most catchments, runoff generation in the Mediterranean is very sensitive to vegetation cover because of the seasonal dynamics of rainfall and the role played by extreme events. The cumulative effect of these characteristics is a specific set of management problems and restoration issues and, although these are rather different in the various socio-political regimes of the region, it can be argued that they are in many ways unique to Mediterranean catchments.