Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Géophysique'
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Komatitsch, Dimitri. "Modélisation numérique avancée pour la géophysique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006964.
Full textZylberman, William. "Etude géophysique de structures d'impact météoritique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0441.
Full textHypervelocity impact craters are the most abundant morphologic features on rocky planetary bodies of the solar system, except on Earth where they are erased by surface processes. The internal structure of complex impact craters can only be studied on Earth by using ground-truth geophysical and geological studies. Such approaches - combined with modeling - can reveal how impact cratering, target geological composition, erosion and other post-impact processes can lead to the observed geophysical anomalies, which could also be detected by remote geophysical data on other planetary surfaces. Magnetic field mapping, gravimetry measurements, electromagnetic soundings (EM34), paleomagnetic analyses, rock magnetism and petrography techniques are used. For the first time, we reveal that the recently-discovered Tunnunik impact structure has typical negative gravity and positive magnetic field anomalies, which help us to reconsider the brecciation extent in the target rocks. The Haughton crater, which is less eroded than Tunnunik, shows evidence for an enhanced-magnetization in the core of the central uplift, caused by impact-generated hydrothermal alteration. Paleomagnetism helps to constrain the different ages of the East and west clearwater lake impacts. This work has important implications for our understanding of impact-cratering in the solar system, especially concerning the study of planetary surfaces
Barbin, Yves. "Prism : le radar géophysique de l'aérostat martien." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0186.
Full textThe Mars96 mission towards plante Mars was to deliver an atmospheris balloon whose metallic guiderope contained a ground penetrating radar that was to sound the planet subsurface up to a one kilometre depth. The Mars96 balloon mission was postponed and then cancelled. This document presents and discusses most of the features of this new radar instrument. Some specific and original parts are described with more details. The performance evaluation, the matching of the instrument to the signals dynamics, and the evaluation of the available data amount build the last chapter of this dissertation
Barbin, Yves. "PRISM, le Radar Géophysique de l'Aérostat Martien." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00745577.
Full textLavorel, Guillaume. "Quelques exemples de convection hétérogène rencontrés en géophysique." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00706760.
Full textLacaze, Laurent. "L'instabilité elliptique : exemples en aéronautique et en géophysique." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011663.
Full textCorvellec, Marianne. "Transitions de phase en turbulence bidimensionnelle et géophysique." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675763.
Full textHsu, Shu-Kun. "Collision active à Taiwan : apports géophysique et tectonique." Brest, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BRES2013.
Full textVrabie, Valeriu. "Statistiques d'ordre supérieur : applications en géophysique et électrotechnique." Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPG0094.
Full textLapeyre, Guillaume. "Topologie du mélange dans un fluide turbulent géophysique." Paris 6, 2000. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01475960.
Full textAzzola, Jérôme. "Suivi géophysique non conventionnel des réservoirs géothermiques profonds." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAH005.
Full textOne emerging technique for a continuous geophysical monitoring of geological structures such as EGS is the correlation of ambient seismic noise. Such methods make it possible to monitor minute changes by studying the evolution of the late part of seismic recordings by "coda" wave interferometry (CWI). However, a clear connection between the physical processes involved in the evolution of the medium and the changes quantified by CWI has not yet been clearly described. Our approach is based on the development of a numerical scheme which enables to study the signature on CWI measurements of the elastic deformation of the propagation medium. By identifying the direct contribution of the geometrical deformation of the medium and comparing this effect with that related to changes in seismic velocities, our approach contributes to the interpretation of these interferometric measurements. The numerical model proposed to study the influence of reservoir deformations on CWI measurements opens perspectives for the application of such approaches to the monitoring of deep reservoirs
Ameglio, Laurent. "Gravimétrie et forme tridimensionnelle des plutons granitiques : Contribution aux études structurales." Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30224.
Full textVidard, Arthur. "Assimilation de données et méthodes adjointes pour la géophysique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939130.
Full textIovleff, Serge. "Reconstruction bayesienne en tomographie géophysique et approximation d'équation d'onde." Paris I, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010085.
Full textLouvel, Véronique. "Les marges conjuguées de l'Atlantique Nord : structure et modélisation de l'ouverture océanique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13017.
Full textHadjee, Younousse. "Analyse du problème d'estimation de paramètres en sismique marine." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090036.
Full textGeraets, David. "Modélisation stochastique de champs de vitesse géophysique en exploration pétrolière." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2002. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001236.
Full textNeveu, Emilie. "Applications des méthodes multigrilles à l'assimilation de données en géophysique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00693486.
Full textDubrail, Julien. "Incorporation du Plomb dans des matrices d'intérêt géophysique et environnemental." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00581558.
Full textPerrusson, Gaële. "Caractérisation électromagnétique d'objets conducteurs enfouis : application à la prospection géophysique." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999VERS0015.
Full textGeraets, David. "Modélisation géostatistique de champs de vitesse géophysique en exploration petrolière." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1103.
Full textLavielle, Marc, and DIR THESE CASTELLE. "Déconvolution 2-D et détection de ruptures : applications en géophysique." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112187.
Full textBélanger, Karine. "Caractérisation géotechnique et géophysique des argiles sensibles de Brownsburg, Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27507.
Full textIn Quebec, thick marine clay deposits were formed during the last glaciation. Following the leaching of salts in the pore water of these deposits, the clays can become sensitive. Such deposits of sensitive clay are prone to large landslides and constitute a threat for the population established in those areas and man-made infrastructure built on these deposits. Due to the variations in salinity of pore water in a clay deposit, the measurement of electrical resistivity appears as an appropriate near-surface geophysical method for the investigation of sensitive clays. To assess this potential of none destructive investigation, a geophysical and geotechnical campaign has been carried out in the Vases Creek Valley in Brownsburg, Quebec. In addition to a 1.6 km-long induced polarization survey, six cone penetration tests with pore pressure and electrical resistivity measurements, and five boreholes with soil sampling have been performed along this geophysical survey line. Geotechnical and chemical properties of clay samples and pore water extracted from these samples have also been measured. Significant variations in electrical resistivity, remoulded shear strength and salinity have been observed along the survey line. Difference as large as 20 Ωm between the methods has been noted. Empirical correlations have been established between electrical resistivity, salinity and remoulded shear strength. For electrical resistivity values lower than 3 Ωm in the Brownsburg clays, the salts leaching is enough to make the clay become sensitive and to increase the potential for large landslides. Except for a small section located north of the Vases Creek where the clay deposit is thicker and less leached than the other sections with electrical resistivity lower than 3 Ωm, the clay deposit investigated at Brownsburg is sensitive and prone to large landslides.
Mattei, Jean-luc. "Propriétés magnétiques de la pyrrhotite monoclinique : application à la géophysique." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10066.
Full textBizouard, Christian. "Modélisation astrométrique et géophysique de la rotation de la Terre." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 1995. https://hal.science/tel-02095462.
Full textRibstein, Bruno. "Développement, saturation et impact des instabilités agéostrophiques." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066654.
Full textDue to the existence of trapped mode at the anticyclonic shear, inertial instability is a typical ageostrophic instability. In the linear stability of a barotropic zonal jet, at high Rossby number, in the two-layer rotating shallow water (RSW) model as in the continuous stratification one, we show that the inertial instability turns out to be the limiting case, for infinitely along jet wavelength, of the classic baroclinic instability, due to waves resonance. For flows ageostrophic enough, this instability dominates over the barotropic one. In the two-layer RSW finite volume high resolution numerical scheme, as in the "Weather Research and Forecasting" model (for more realistic jet), the nonlinear evolution of these instabilities is shown to be associated with a homogenization process within the region of instability and spontaneous emission of internal inertia-gravity waves. Inertial instability is also associate with the production of small scale Kelvin-Helmholtz type instabilities. Coupled density fronts present specific ageostrophic instabilities, as we found from the stability analysis of the two-layer RSW model. We studied barotropic and baroclinic instabilities due to resonances of the frontal, Rossby, topographic and gravity waves, as well as the corresponding nonlinear effects. A swap in the leading long-wave instability from the barotropic resonance of two frontal waves, to the baroclinic resonance of Rossby and frontal waves, takes place with decreasing depth. We also found the baroclinic resonance of frontal and topographic waves. We finally studied the ageostrophic adjustment, focusing on dipolar perturbation, by direct numerical simulations of the one-layer RSW model. The associate instabilities of geostrophically balanced motions and the formation of agestrophic quasi-stationary dipoles are also studied
Souopgui, Innocent. "Assimilation d'images pour les fluides géophysiques." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENM071.
Full textUnderstanding and forecasting the evolution of geophysical fluids is a major scientific and societal challenge. A good forecast must take into account all available information on the studied system. These informations include models, observations and a priori knowledge. Data assimilation techniques combine all these informations in a consistent way to produce model inputs. During the last decades, many satellites were launched to increase the knowledge of earth. They produce, among others, image sequences showing the dynamical evolution of geophysical processes such as depressions and fronts. These images sequences are currently under-utilized in data assimilation. This thesis presents a consistent approach for taking into account image sequences in variational data assimilation. After a presentation of images, their current use and its limitation, we introduce the concepts of interpretation level, image space and image operator used for direct image sequences assimilation. We also propose a new approach of regularization based on generalized diffusion for ill-posed inverse problems. Preliminary results on image processing and image sequences assimilation show a promising approach that solve most of the problems encountered with classical approaches of regularization
Neveu, Émilie. "Application des méthodes multigrilles à l'assimilation variationnelle de données en géophysique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00574221.
Full textRémy, Corinne. "Le polymorphisme du silicate bicalcique Ca₂SiO₄ : implications géophysique et industrielle." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066446.
Full textNarteau, Clément. "Sur l'utilisation de systèmes hiérarchiques et de processus stochastiques en géophysique." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077181.
Full textAndrier, Jean-François. "Etude de la croûte inférieure litée à partir des enregistrements sismiques de la campagne ECORS-Gascogne." Brest, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BRES2031.
Full textGodier, Stéphany. "Applications astrophysiques et géophysiques de la forme du soleil, notamment au moyen du microsatellite Picard." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5637.
Full textThe main goal of the work presented in this thesis is to propose an original approach in sounding the solar interior. As all assumptions concerning a “variable” shape of the Sun are not yet taken into account in current published solar models, this new approach provides additional constraints. Basically, this work consists in a theoretical study of the shape and of the internal structure of the Sun. Both the surface and the interior of the Sun have been probed through a modelisation of the gravitational moments and of the oblateness as these key quantities well define the “shape parameters”. They allow the determination of the amplitude of the distortion’s which affect the internal gravitational potential of the Sun. These local distortions are associated with “active sites” where several physical processes take place, such as the magnetic field or the matter flux circulation. Thus, their detection allows the location of the inhomogeneities of the internal structure of the Sun. Moreover, the quadrupole moment has also been used to determine the solar contribution (due to J2) to the Mercury perihelion advance. This solar contribution has been compared to those due to the gravitation non-linearity. Finally, the temporal dependences of these “shape parameters” have been linked to the variation of the solar diameter, which seems to change over the same timescale as those of the activity cycle. I have studied several physical reasons (magnetic, thermal…) which may explain, in one hand, the temporal variations and, in another hand, the latitudinal variations of the diameter. These last ones show goo agreement with the distorted aspect of the solar surface. The diameter variations should be confirmed by the measurements which will be performed in space, more particularly by means of the French microsatellite PICARD, which will be launched by the end of 2003, and whose instruments are principally dedicated to the study of the solar variabilities
Chambat, Frédéric. "Figure de la Terre : gravimétrie, régimes de contrainntes et vibrations propres." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077184.
Full textSihombing, Halasan. "Les méthodes électromagnétiques de prospection : interprétation - prolongement - migration." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066726.
Full textLakshmanan, Jacques. "Traitement et inversion des données gravimétriques : la microgravimétrie, son application aux recherches de vides." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10447.
Full textTonnerre, Thierry. "Evolution dans le temps de la structure thermique des dorsales océaniques : Modélisation du diapirisme mantellique." Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2035.
Full textTomassino, Arielle. "Méthode (tau-p) et inversion des données de sismique marine : applications à l'étude des profils Ecors 84 dans le golfe de Gascogne." Brest, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BRES2025.
Full textMoulière, Dominique. "Intégration d'informations sismiques pour la simulation de réservoirs." ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0770.
Full textRoig, Jean-Yves. "Evolution tectono-métamorphique d'un segment de la chaîne hercynienne : rôle du plutonisme dans la caractérisation des tectoniques du sud-limousin (massif central francais)." Orléans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ORLE2058.
Full textDeparis, Jacques. "Étude des éboulements rocheux par méthodes géophysiques." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10090.
Full textRockall pose important problem for the risk management, due to their suddenness and of the absence of precursory sign. The detection of an unstable compartment, the evaluation of its stability as well as comprehension ofthe propagation dynamics is major elements to evaluation the crumbling hazard. This thesis study two complementary research orientations: the development of geophysical methods for to evaluate the stability ofunstable rock mass on the one hand, and the study of the rockall rupture and propagation phenomenon from seismic recordings on the other hand
Benkhelil, Jean. "Structure et évolution géodynamique du bassin intracontinental de la Bénoué (Nigeria)." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4055.
Full textTournerie, Benoît. "Imagerie de Réflecteurs Electromagnétiques en Régime Diffusif : Méthode et Applications en Géophysique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675894.
Full textBièvre, Grégory. "Caractérisation de versants argileux instables dans des conditions hydrogéologiques hétérogènes : approche géophysique." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00497188.
Full textFouladvand, Arash. "Etude de microséismes localisés dans un réservoir, par modélisations géomécanique et géophysique." Institut de physique du globe (Paris), 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GLOB0702.
Full textSy, Mamadou. "Effets des termes diffusifs sur des modèles diphasiques et un modèle géophysique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF21563.
Full textHuser, Gae͏̈l. "Etude des propriétés des matériaux d'intérêt astrophysique et géophysique par choc laser." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPXX0004.
Full textPoirmeur, Christophe. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle en courant continu : méthode et applications à la prospection géophysique." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20176.
Full textNjike, Kassala Jacques Duclos. "Contribution à l'étude géophysique de la Chaîne pyrénéenne : sismicité et structure lithosphérique." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30187.
Full textSonnet, Manon. "Signature géophysique du panneau plongeant alpin : analogues de terrain et modèles directs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS595.
Full textRecent geophysical images in the Alps show a distinctive seismic signature of the top of the crustal dipping panel at 40 km depth. A sharp increase in S-wave velocity is correlated with a high probability of interface contrast in tomography and negative conversion in stacked receiver- function data. The aim of this thesis is to assess if changes in the mineralogy and textural properties of the lower continental crust can explain this seismic signature. To this end, we calculated bulk seismic velocity variations, generated by mineralogical changes during burial of rocks representative of the European lower crust along pressure- temperature profiles typical of convergence zones. We studied the evolution of the macroscopic anisotropy of the same rocks as a function of pressure and temperature, using direct measurements. These measurements are compared with anisotropy calculations commonly performed from thin- section crystallographic orientation maps. The ultimate aim of these exercises is to understand which properties control the effective seismic velocities of rocks at kilometer scale. Finally, we have attempted to detect the anisotropy of rocks at this latter scale in receiver-function data from their harmonic decomposition. We show that the transformation of rocks from amphibolite to high-pressure granulite facies explains the increase in velocity of the tomographic model, and that this front is shifted by around ten kilometers along the slab, compared with thermodynamic predictions. Using thermokinetic modelling of convergence zones, we evaluate the thermal profile of the dipping panel during the transition from subduction to collision, and explain this offset by kinetic effects. Direct measurements compared with anisotropy calculations indicate that the expected difference between intrinsic and effective anisotropy is greater in amphibolite facies rocks, where layering and CPO are enhanced, than in granulite facies rocks, where anisotropy results mainly from intrinsic anisotropy. At kilometer scale, amphibolite-to-granulite transformation is likely to be accompanied by a decrease in anisotropy in addition to an increase in velocity. Through harmonic decomposition, we show that the reduced visibility of the Moho, at stations above the dipping panel, is to the benefit of highlighting a fast intra-slab direction oriented perpendicular to its dip. Since this transformation is visible both in the receiver-function data and in the tomography models, we deduce that the thickness of the reaction front is of the order of a kilometer
Peyrefitte, Aurélie. "Etude multi-échelle de la plaque africaine par analyse des données gravimétriques et gradiométriques de la mission GOCE." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077153.
Full textThe GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) satellite mission, of the European Space Agency (ESA) is mapping the global Earth' s gravity field with unprecedented detail. Furthermore, for the l' time, GOCE provides the measurements of the gravity tensor components at the global scale. Due to the attenuation of the gradiometric signal, this new type of data should be more sensitive to shallow structures than usual gravity anomaly data. And because of their directionality, gravity gradients shall provide better constraints on the geometry of the sources. First comparison between a gravity field model derived from eighteen months of GOCE data and previous models displays significant differences, particularly in Africa and the Himalayas. The african continent is one of the less understood areas of the Earth at the regional scale as in geological and geodynamical term. This is due to the paucity of geophysical datasets on the continent as well as to the complexity of the African geology. We present a multi-scale study of the african plate based on the complementarity of the two kinds of GOCE data and the join used of two 3D density model mainly based on sieismology: CRUST 2. 0 and The Global Digital Map of Sediment thickness. In the first part, we isolate the gravity response of the african mantle by comparing the GOCE gravity field model and the gravity effect of a 3D density model of the african crust at continental scale. In the second part, on a doser scale, we investigate the contribution of the gravity tensor components for the knowledge and the characterization of regional geological domains For that, we computec the forward gravity and gradiometric responses caused by a 3D density crustal model of a part of africa centered on the Congo and shown by inversion of the gravity field and/or gravity tensor components that the depth of the Congo basin is over-estimated in our initial 3D model. All the inversion calculations performed demonstrate the complementarity of gravity and gradiometric data and attest to the information gain brought by their joint use