Academic literature on the topic 'George Polya'

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Journal articles on the topic "George Polya"

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Abbott, Steve, and Gerald Alexanderson. "The Random Walks of George Polya." Mathematical Gazette 85, no. 504 (2001): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3621790.

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Li, Xinxin, Ying Zhou, and Liwen Liang. "Using 6 questions cognitive method and polya’s model to helps students solve mathematical problem." Journal of Didactic Mathematics 2, no. 2 (2021): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jdm.v2i2.828.

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The ability to solve the mathematical equation problem is very important for the thinking development of middle school students. “How to solve it” of George Polya is famous in the world. 6 questions cognitive model proposed by Professor Zhou are monitored through metacognition, and the 6 questions are coherent, complete and sequential. This paper found that the 6 questions cognitive model can help implement “How to solve it” of George Polya and reduce students' cognitive load. At the same time, this study found that 6 questions cognitive model can help students solve the mathematical equation problem better.
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Kania, Nia, and Nunuy Ratnawulan. "Kompetensi Matematika: Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa Menurut Polya." Journal of Research in Science and Mathematics Education (J-RSME) 1, no. 1 (2022): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56855/jrsme.v1i1.10.

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Pemecahan masalah (Problem solving) merupakan pembelajaran yang melibatkan siswa untuk aktif, kreatif dan mampu berfikir logis, kritis dan mampu berfikir tingkat tinggi dalam menyampaikan gagasannya untuk memecahkan suatu masalah yang dihadapinya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tahap pokok atau penting dalam memecahkan masalah yang sudah diterima luas, dan ini bersumber dari buku George Polya tahun 1945 berjudul How to Solve It. Penelitian ini merupakan kualitatif deskriptif untuk mengungkapkan pemecahan masalah Polya. Penelitian ini diawali dengan melakukan kajian terhadap sejumlah literatur yang dapat mendukung pendekatan analisis, meliputi: kajian tentang regulasi, dan prosedur, metode pemodelan dan pemograman kajian adalah berupa buku referensi, jurnal ilmiah yang dipublikasikan. Menurut polya dalam pemecahan masalah. Ada empat langkah yang harus dilakukan. Keempat tahapan ini lebih dikenal dengan See (memahami problem), Plan (menyusun rencana), Do (melaksanakan rencana) dan Check (menguji jawaban), sudah menjadi jargon sehari-hari dalam penyelesaian problem.
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Barrera Mora, Fernando, Aarón Reyes Rodríguez, Marcos Campos Nava, and Cutberto Rodríguez Álvarez. "Resolución de problemas en el aprendizaje y enseñanza de las matemáticas." Pädi Boletín Científico de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenierías del ICBI 9, Especial (2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/icbi.v9iespecial.7051.

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En este artículo se caracteriza una perspectiva de la resolución de problemas como aproximación didáctica. Particularmente se identifican aquellos aspectos de una comunidad de aprendizaje que favorecen el desarrollo de un aprendizaje con entendimiento, a partir de las contribuciones de diversos matemáticos y educadores matemáticos, entre los que se encuentran George Polya, Paul Halmos, Jaques Hadamard, Alan Schoenfeld, James Hiebert y Richard Lesh.
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Umar, Wahid. "STRATEGI PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS VERSI GEORGE POLYA DAN PENERAPANNYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA." KALAMATIKA Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika 1, no. 1 (2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22236/kalamatika.vol1no1.2016pp59-70.

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George Polya telah meletakan suatu warisan “pentingnya mengajar dengan pemecahan masalah”. Setiap masalah memiliki “sepuluh strategi” yang tepat dengan “empat” langkah pemecahan sesuai dengan aspek-aspek dan sudut pandangnya masing-masing di dalam menyelesaikan suatu masalah matematis. Topik ini telah menjadi komponen utama dalam kurikulum matematika pada semua tingkatan pendidikan. NCTM dalam standards (1989) mempublikasikan ”The Curriculum and Evaluations Standards for School Mathematics”, yang menekankan bahwa pemecahan masalah harus menjadi fokus dalam kurikulum matematika di sekolah. Ini berarti bahwa pemecahan masalah merupakan salah satu topik yang sangat penting dalam pembelajaran matematika. Tujuan mengajarkan matematika dengan pemecahan masalah adalah: (1) membantu guru memperbaiki keterampilan pemecahan masalah diri sendiri; (2) diberikan kepada guru untuk membantu siswa mengembangkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah mereka; (3) untuk menyelidiki strategi umum pemecahan masalah; dan (4) bagaimana membuat kata “masalah” dan “pemecahan masalah” menantang dan menarik untuk siswa. Pentingnya para siswa mengalami proses pembelajaran matematika dengan pemecahan masalah matematis. Siswa perlu dipersiapkan dan didorong untuk berpikir bahwa sesuatu itu multi-dimensi sehingga mereka dapat melihat banyak kemungkinan penyelesaian untuk suatu masalah. Dengan demikian, pemecahan masalah matematis dalam pembelajaran matematika merupakan bagian integral dari semua aktivitas matematis. Fokus kajian makalah ini adalah bagaimana strategi pemecahan masalah matematis versi George Polya dan penerapannya dalam pembelajaran matematika.
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Mulyawati, Ima. "Analisis Kesalahan Mahasiswa PGSD Menyelesaikan Soal Pemecahan Masalah Dengan George Polya." Al-Madrasah: Jurnal Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 6, no. 1 (2022): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.35931/am.v6i1.912.

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<p class="TidakadaSpasi1"><em><span>Materi pemecahan masalah di Sekolah Dasar merupakan materi yang harus dikuasai oleh mahasiswa PGSD dalam mata kuliah Konsep Dasar Matematika. Kesulitan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pemecahan masalah akan berakibat pada kesulitan dalam mencerna permasalahan soal-soal pemecahan masalah di Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menunjukkan secara lebih cermat kesalahan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pemecahan masalah dengan strategi polya. Penelitian ini dilakikan terhadap mahasiswa PGSD Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka semester 1. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode tes dan wawancara. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat empat tipe kesalahan yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa PGSD pada materi pemecahan masalah.</span></em></p>
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Kilpatrick, Jeremy. "Editorial." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 16, no. 5 (1985): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.16.5.0323.

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Word has come of the death of George Polya in September at the age of 97-a long time on the planet perhaps but not nearly long enough for those who knew him. In recent years, as his eyesight and memory began to fail, he drew on seemingly inexhaustible reserves of joie de vivre and spirit. One got the feeling that if his body had been able, he might simply have gone on forever.
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Rešić, Sead, Marina Šušnja, Ahmed Palić, and Edisa Korda. "FMSLOGO AND SOLVING GEOMETRY PROBLEMS USING THE FMSLOGO SOFTWARE PACKAGE." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 10, no. 1 (2020): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.042007.

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This paper presents stereometry (prism) using the software “FMSLogo”, as well as its application and implementation in mathematics teaching. The introductory section describes how to approach mathematical problems according to George Polya. The following describes the creation, installation and use of the “FMSLog” software. At the very end of the paper are the research settings and its results, which through the empirical model shows the current state of affairs and therefore provides recommendations for its improvement.
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Sinicrope, Rose. "A Pôlya Sampler." Mathematics Teacher 88, no. 3 (1995): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.88.3.0196.

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On 1 June 1990, the Mathematical Association of America dedicated the Pôlya Building. In her account of the dedication ceremony, Maureen A. Callanan wrote, “[T]he participants demonstrated that Polya’s influence and reputation have extended not only to high school mathematics teachers and established NSF [National Science Foundation] scientists, but also to the mathematics students of the 1990s” (1990, 2). Who was George Polya that he has been honored by mathematicians and has influenced scientists, high school teachers, and students of mathematics?
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Sabre, Ru Michael. "Mathematics and Peirce’s semiotic." Semiotica 2015, no. 207 (2015): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2015-0061.

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AbstractIt is shown here that Peirce’s ten trichotomies, specifically art as discussed in Sabre (2014), provides a structure for presenting a mathematical conjecture and provide a heuristic for going about attempting a mathematical proof of the conjecture. The mathematics is presented through the work of the mathematical proof theorists George Polya and Daniel Solow. Here a geometric conjecture is shown to be true using a ten trichotomy context for a proof. Thus through the structure of mathematical proof the ten trichotomy structure validates itself.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "George Polya"

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Balieiro, Filho Inocêncio Fernandes [UNESP]. "Arquimedes, Pappus, Descartes e Polya - Quatro episódios da história da heurística. -." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102082.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-04-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:22:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 balieirofilho_if_dr_rcla.pdf: 975143 bytes, checksum: c638314fd6a38782767ef440acd3aa67 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise e discussão de indícios heurísticos presentes nas obras O Método de Arquimedes, A Coleção Matemática de Pappus e Regras para a Direção do Espírito de Descartes, buscando estabelecer relações com a sistematização da atividade heurística apresentada nas obras A arte de Resolver Problemas e Matemática e Raciocínio Plausível de George Polya. Através de uma metodologia de pesquisa em História da Matemática, foi consultado o original da obra de Arquimedes e traduções das demais obras citadas. Considerando que O Método é a mais antiga obra de heurística de que tem-se conhecimento, foi feita a primeira tradução do original em Grego Clássico para o Português desse texto de Arquimedes. A atividade heurística, definida como um esquema psíquico através do qual o homem cria, elabora e descobre a resolução de um problema, é o eixo central dos estudos sobre .como pensamos., estabelecidos por Polya, e que fundamentam a Resolução de Problemas, linha de pesquisa em Educação Matemática.<br>This work presents an analysis and discussion of heuristic traces contained in the works The Method of Archimedes, The Mathematical Collection by Pappus and Rules for the Direction of the Mind by Descartes, trying to establish relationships with the systematization of heuristic activity in the works How to solve it and Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning by George Polya. Through a research methodology in History of Mathematics, the Archimedes.s original work and translation of the other mentioned works were consulted. Considering that The Method is the oldest heurist work for all we know, it was made the first translation from the original classic Greek to Portuguese language of that Archimedes.s text. The heuristic activity, defined as a psychic outline through which the man creates, elaborates and discovers the resolution of a problem, is the central axis of the studies about .as we thing., established by Polya, and that have founded the Resolution of Problems, a field of research in Mathematical Education.
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Kawiak, Ewelina. "Heurystyczna metoda G. Polya a umiejętność rozwiązywania matematycznych zadań problemowych przez uczniów klas trzecich szkoły podstawowej." Doctoral thesis, Katowice : Uniwersytet Śląski, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12128/9482.

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The dissertation concerns one of the heuristic methods of task solving - a method by George Polya. The above-mentioneddissertation concerns mathematical education realized at the first educational stage. Author's own research carried out for the sake of the dissertation were conducted among two study groups: teachers and pupils. The diversification of the examined respondents resulted in the division of the research into two separate research areas which underwent methodologically diversified influences. Two main research methods were applied - diagnostic survey and pedagogical experiment. The aim of the conducted survey was to obtain early-school education teachers' opinions on mathematical problem-solving tasks and the methods applied to solve them as well as to receive their feedback on the heuristic method of G. Polya. The aim of the experimental study was to assess the influence of the application of heuristic method of G. Polya on third grade pupils' ability to solve problem-solving tasks in elementary school classes.
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Cáceres, Fábio. "O ensino de geometria euclidiana : possíveis contribuições da história da matemática e da resolução de problemas de George Polya." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7076.

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Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-08T19:36:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFC.pdf: 3353497 bytes, checksum: 0958ce3133ce40b8f412f8140424f4c7 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-12T17:44:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFC.pdf: 3353497 bytes, checksum: 0958ce3133ce40b8f412f8140424f4c7 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-12T17:44:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFC.pdf: 3353497 bytes, checksum: 0958ce3133ce40b8f412f8140424f4c7 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T17:44:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFC.pdf: 3353497 bytes, checksum: 0958ce3133ce40b8f412f8140424f4c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-08<br>Não recebi financiamento<br>The primary goal of this dissertation was to evaluate possible contributions that History of Mathematics and Theory of Problem Solving, by George Polya, allied, can offer to the teaching and learning process of some concepts of plane Euclidean geometry, primarily aiming at awakening logical reasoning, visual perception, and geometric thinking of students completing Primary Education. The research was motivated by the need for a more practical, realistic approach of geometry concepts. According to such purpose, a didactic sequence was built and a questionnaire was completed by subjects previously selected, involving a historical, non-routine, challenging problem, in order to lead the students to the historical solution or to other one(s), with the help from the teacher and Polya’s heuristics. We sought to answer the following question: what knowledge is produced by students involved in mathematical tasks inserted in the historical context? In the written records of students we found knowledge of geometric nature, such as visualization, representation, and broadening of mathematical vocabulary regarding use adequate geometric terms.<br>O objetivo principal desta dissertação é avaliar as possíveis contribuições que a História da Matemática e a Teoria de Resolução de Problemas de George Polya, aliadas, podem oferecer ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem de alguns conceitos da Geometria euclidiana plana visando, principalmente, a despertar o raciocínio lógico, a percepção visual e o pensamento geométrico do aluno concluinte do ensino fundamental. A pesquisa foi motivada pela necessidade de uma abordagem mais prática e realista dos conceitos geométricos. De acordo com este propósito, foi construída uma sequência didática e aplicado um questionário a sujeitos previamente selecionados, envolvendo um problema histórico não rotineiro, desafiador, de modo a levar os alunos à solução histórica ou a outra(s), com a ajuda do professor e da heurística de Polya. Buscamos responder à questão: que saberes são produzidos por alunos envolvidos em tarefas matemáticas inseridas no contexto histórico? Por meio dos registros escritos dos alunos, constatamos a aquisição de saberes de natureza geométrica como visualização, representação e ampliação do vocabulário matemático quanto ao uso de termos geométricos adequados.
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Launay, Mickaël. "Urnes interagissantes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4775/document.

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Nous nous intéressons au comportement asymptotique de plusieurs urnes de type Polya fortement renforcées et interagissantes. Le principal de notre étude porte sur les renforcements exponentiels ou assimilés ainsi que sur les interactions temporelles, c'est-à-dire lors desquelles les urnes n'interagissent qu'à certains instants aléatoires. Dans ce cas, nous mettons en évidence une transition de phase selon la fréquence des interactions. Si celle ci est supérieure à 1/2, les urnes se fixent toutes sur la même couleur tandis que si elle est inférieure à 1/2, une couleur majoritaire se dégage mais certaines urnes peuvent continuer à tirer une autre couleur aux instants où il n'y a pas interaction. Lorsque le renforcement devient infini, nous pouvons calculer la loi du nombre d'urnes se comportant de cette dernière façon quand le nombre total d'urnes est égal à deux ou est un nombre impair.Quand l'interaction est totale, c'est-à-dire quand toutes les urnes interagissent à tout instant, nous montrons alors qu'un renforcement fort et croissant, mais plus nécessairement exponentiel, suffit à obtenir la fixation de toutes les urnes sur la même couleur.Pour finir, nous discutons brièvement du modèle d'interaction spatiale dans lequel les urnes sont situées sur les sommets d'un graphe et n'interagissent qu'avec leurs voisines. Nous dégageons alors quelques propriétés préliminaires concernant les sous-graphes susceptibles de se fixer sur une couleur avec une probabilité positive<br>We study the asymptotic behavior of several Polya-type strongly reinforced interacting urns. The main results deal with exponential or exponential-like reinforcements and temporal interactions, that is when the urns interact only at some random times. In that case, we show the existence of a transition of phase depending on the frequency of interactions. If this frequency is larger than 1/2, all the urns eventually fixate on the same color, while if it is smaller than 1/2, a majority color will be fixed after some finite random time but while some of the urns eventually draw only the majority color, there can be other urns that still draw other colors at times where there is no interactions. When the reinforcement becomes infinite, we can calculate the law of the number of urns of later type when the total number of urns is two or an odd integer greater than two.When the interaction is maximal, that is when all the urns interact at any time, we show that a strong and non-decreasing reinforcement, but not necessarily exponential, suffices to obtain the fixation of all the urns on the same color.At the end, we consider briefly the spatial interaction model in which the urns are located on the vertices of a graph and interact only with their neighbors. In that case, we discuss some properties of sub-graphs that can fixate on one color with positive probability
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Palomino, Alosilla Edith. "La aplicación de las fases de resolución de problemas de George Polya en el marco de las rutas de aprendizaje en los estudiantes del III ciclo de la I.E. N° 131 "Monitor Huáscar"." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8480.

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El presente estudio, titulado: La aplicación de las fases de resolución de problemas de George Polya en el marco de las Rutas de Aprendizaje en los estudiantes del III ciclo de la I.E. N° 131 “Monitor Huáscar”; tuvo como objetivo principal describir cómo aplican los docentes las fases de resolución de problemas de George Polya en el marco de las Rutas de Aprendizaje en los estudiantes del III ciclo de la I.E. N° 131 “Monitor Huáscar”. En el proceso de recojo de la información la técnica más importante aplicada fue la observación sistemática, mediante el instrumento de la lista de cotejo que permitió recabar información sobre cómo aplican los docentes las fases de resolución de problemas de George Polya en el marco de las Rutas de Aprendizaje en el aula en una sesión de resolución de problemas aritméticos de estructura verbal. Para la segunda actividad la técnica fue la prueba escrita mediante la aplicación del instrumento de la prueba objetiva que comprendió de 20 casuísticas. Para el análisis de la información, se tuvo en cuenta los cuadros de doble entrada que reflejan la relación entre los ítems y su observación o no en la lista de cotejo y entre las casuísticas respondidas correctamente o no en la prueba objetiva. El análisis de la información de la presente tesis se realizó en las siguientes etapas: - Análisis por dimensión de la lista de cotejo, que incluye el análisis por ítem. - Análisis por dimensión de la prueba objetiva, que incluye el análisis por casuística. - Análisis general entre dimensiones de la lista de cotejo. - Análisis general entre dimensiones de la prueba objetiva. - Análisis global de la lista de cotejo y la prueba objetiva. Como resultado de la investigación, se concluye en forma global que la mayoría de los docentes no aplicaron correctamente las fases de resolución de problemas de George Polya en el marco de las Rutas de Aprendizaje. Siendo las fases menos trabajadas las que corresponden a estrategias metodológicas para diseñar o adaptar un plan de resolución del problema matemático y estrategias metodológicas para la reflexión sobre el proceso de resolución del problema matemático; y las más trabajadas pero no de manera óptima, fueron las fases que corresponden a estrategias metodológicas de comprensión del problema y estrategias metodológicas de ejecución del plan en la resolución del problema matemático.<br>Tesis de segunda especialidad
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Butros, Johannes, and Linus Carlsson. "Matematisk problemlösning med Navet Science Center : Kopplat till George Polyas fyra faser." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för bibliotek, information, pedagogik och IT, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23122.

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I LGR 11 (2018) betonas att problemlösning ska vara en central del av matematikundervisningen. Tidigare forskning (Lithner 2008; Boesen 2009) har lyft fram att problemlösning inte ges utrymme i klassrumsundervisningen. Denna studie undersöker hur Navets pedagoger arbetar med problemlösning och hur det kopplas till Polyas fyra faser. Vi har också genomfört observationer under lektioner ledda av Navets pedagoger. Dessutom har intervjuer genomförts med Navets pedagoger för att studera deras arbetssätt. Studiens syfte är att undersöka om Navets Science Center kan stärka elevers problemlösningsförmågor genom att utgå från Polyas faser i problemlösningsundervisningen hos årskurserna 4–6. Om så är fallet, på vilket sätt kan det stärka dessa förmågor? Denna studie är grundad på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer och observationer i utomhusundervisning med ändamål att besvara vårt syfte. Urvalet består av två pedagoger från Navet Science Center med en matematisk utbildning och fyra klasser med 69 elever som deltar i en observation samt klasslärare som reflekterar kring resultatet av besöken från Navet. Studiens resultat visar att Navet kan hjälpa skolor i arbetet med problemlösning med hjälp av sitt arbetssätt, och sina resurser och erfarenheter. Det diskussionsdrivna arbetssättet får eleverna att prata om matematik och lösa problemen tillsammans i en anda av interaktion mellan eleverna och med lärarna. Upplägget på uppgifterna bidrar till att eleverna utmanas i förhållande till Polyas fyra faser, att de förstår problem, skapar en plan, genomför planen och att de reflekterar.
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Plum, Georg [Verfasser]. "Freisetzungsverhalten von unterschiedlich hydrophil,hydrophoben Modellsubstanzen aus Poly-(D,L-lactid) und Poly-(D,L-Lactid)-co-PEO-co-poly-(D,L-lactid)-Mikrosphären und pharmazeutische Anwendungen / vorgelegt von Georg Plum." 2004. http://d-nb.info/97257509X/34.

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Books on the topic "George Polya"

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Loretta, Taylor, ed. George Pólya: Master of discovery 1887-1985. Dale Seymour Publications, 1993.

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Nedev, Nedi͡u. Vremena i geroi: Zagovorŭt na d-r Georgi M. Dimitrov ; Anton Prudkin spasi︠a︡va 1500 evrei, no sam zagiva ; Inzh. Georgi Vŭlkov--shpionazh v polza na SASht. Izd-ka kŭshta Khermes, 2011.

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Taylor, Harold Taylor Loretta. George Polya: Master of Discovery. BookSurge Publishing, 2006.

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George Polya: Master of discovery. Dale Seymour Publications, 1993.

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Alexzanderson, Gerald L. The Random Walks of George Polya. Mathematical Assn of America, 2000.

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Alexanderson, Gerald L., and George Pólya. The Random Walks of George Polya (Spectrum). The Mathematical Association of America, 2000.

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Münch, Ursula, and Andreas Kalina, eds. Demokratie im 21. Jahrhundert. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748921509.

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Whereas democracy still seemed to be triumphantly sweeping the world before the turn of the century, today it finds itself under immense pressure, not only as a viable political system, but also as a theoretical and normative concept. The coronavirus crisis has underlined and accelerated these developments. There are manifold reasons for this, above all the fundamental changes the state and society have undergone in the face of globalisation, digitalisation, migration, climate change and not least the current pandemic, to name the most significant of them. This volume analyses the changes to democracy in the 21st century and the crises it has experienced. In doing so, the book identifies where action is needed, on the one hand, and investigates appropriate, up-to-date reforms and the prospects for politics, political communication and political education, on the other. With contributions by Ulrich von Alemann, Bernd Becker, Frank Brettschneider, Frank Decker, Claudio Franzius, Georg Paul Hefty, Andreas Kalina, Helmut Klages, Uwe Kranenpohl, Pola Lehmann, Linus Leiten, Dirk Lüddecke, Thomas Metz, Ursula Münch, Ursula Alexandra Ohliger, Veronika Ohliger, Rainer-Olaf Schultze, Peter Seyferth, Hans Vorländer, Uwe Wagschal, Thomas Waldvogel and Samuel Weishaupt
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Book chapters on the topic "George Polya"

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Dasgupta, Subrata. "Going Heuristic." In It Began with Babbage. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199309412.003.0018.

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Let us rewind the historical tape to 1945, the year in which John von Neumann wrote his celebrated report on the EDVAC (see Chapter 9 ). That same year, George Polya (1887–1985), a professor of mathematics at Stanford University and, like von Neumann, a Hungarian-American, published a slender book bearing the title How to Solve It. Polya’s aim in writing this book was to demonstrate how mathematical problems are really solved. The book focused on the kinds of reasoning that go into making discoveries in mathematics—not just “great” discoveries by “great” mathematicians, but the kind a high school mathematics student might make in solving back-of-the-chapter problems. Polya pointed out that, although a mathematical subject such as Euclidean geometry might seem a rigorous, systematic, deductive science, it is also experimental or inductive. By this he meant that solving mathematical problems involves the same kinds of mental strategies—trial and error, informed guesswork, analogizing, divide and conquer— that attend the empirical or “inductive” sciences. Mathematical problem solving, Polya insisted, involves the use of heuristics—an Anglicization of the Greek heurisko —meaning, to find. Heuristics, as an adjective, means “serving to discover.” We are oft en forced to deploy heuristic reasoning when we have no other options. Heuristic reasoning would not be necessary if we have algorithms to solve our problems; heuristics are summoned in the absence of algorithms. And so we seek analogies between the problem at hand and other, more familiar, situations and use the analogy as a guide to solve our problem, or we split a problem into simpler subproblems in the hope this makes the overall task easier, or we summon experience to bear on the problem and apply actions we had taken before with the reasonable expectation that it may help solve the problem, or we apply rules of thumb that have worked before. The point of heuristics, however, is that they offer promises of solution to certain kinds of problems but there are no guarantees of success. As Polya said, heuristic thinking is never considered as final, but rather is provisional or plausible.
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MANOEL DA SILVA JÚNIOR, VALDEMIR. "A IMPORTÂNCIA DA MODELAGEM NA FORMAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR DE FÍSICA APLICADA AO ESTUDO DE GASES REAIS." In Ensino de ciências (Vol.3). Editora Realize, 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.46943/x.conedu.2024.gt16.020.

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O presente artigo apresenta uma discussão acerca do papel da modelagem de problemas físicos na formação do licenciado em física através de uma comparação quantitativa do trabalho de um gás em uma transformação gasosa utilizando dois modelos analíticos. Único utilizado no ensino de gases no nível médio, o primeiro modelo é o de gases ideais, enquanto que o segundo modelo é o de gás real de Van der Waals, sendo este pouco explorado até mesmo nas graduações em física, mesmo não sendo necessário nenhum recurso matemático adicional para compreendê-lo. Adicionalmente, questões de livros de física do ensino superior sobre transformações gasosas a partir dos dois modelos para gases são analisadas, bem como são avaliados o custo-benefício de utilizar um modelo menos idealizado é avaliado e como o processo de evolução na modelagem de problemas na ciência influencia na evolução da tecnologia. Por fim, aprofundando a análise, duas questões são reformuladas e propostas com base na metodologia de Resolução de Problemas proposta por George Polya, que visa orientar os estudantes no processo de resolução de problemas, estimulando o pensamento crítico, a criatividade, a metacognição e a perseverança. Amparados pela metodologia de Resolução de Problemas, é defendido neste artigo que a utilização de modelos menos idealizados na transposição de questões fechadas para problemas abertos aplicada ao estudo de gases reais é uma estratégia de alta relevância para facilitar a produção e o aprofundamento da aprendizagem científica, sendo válida na formação do licenciado em física.
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Lobis, Seth. "Georgic." In The Oxford History of Poetry in English. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780198930259.003.0021.

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Abstract With roots in Hesiod’s Works and Days, Virgil’s Georgics, and the Bible, seventeenth-century English georgic was a diverse, flexible genre. Recognition of the diversity and flexibility of early modern English georgic has served to correct a long-standing literary-historical tendency to regard the genre as if it were buried in barren ground until its eighteenth-century efflorescence. A less rigidly imitative view of seventeenth-century georgic, one neither narrowly fixed on the Virgilian model nor disconnected from it, reveals a richly varied landscape of works markedly different in scope and style: vast and copious, like Michael Drayton’s Poly-Olbion; classically restrained, like Jonson’s estate poems; loco-reflective, like Denham’s Cooper’s Hill; exploratory and extravagant, like Marvell’s ‘Upon Appleton House’; stately and historical, like Dryden’s Annus Mirabilis; and universal and intimate, like Milton’s Paradise Lost.
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"2010 - PROJEKT / PROJECT 265: PÖLVA (ESTLAND): HAUS L. POLVA (ESTONIA): L. RESIDENCE." In Georg W. Reinberg. Birkhäuser, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783035622171-026.

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Feather, Leonard, and Ira Gitler. "g." In The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195074185.003.0007.

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Abstract Gadd, steve (Stephen K. Gadda), dms; b. Rochester, NY, 4/9/45. Uncle, who pl. bs. dm. in mil. band, showed him rudiments at age 7. Began serious stud. in 1957, having sat in w. Dizzy Gillespie at a local club a yr. earlier. Later stud. at Manh. Sch. of Mus. for two yrs. bef. sw. to the Eastman Sch. While there, pl. w. Chick Corea; Chuck Mangione; Gap Mangione; Joe Romano; Frank Pullara. After three yrs. w. an army band, he worked w. a bb in Rochester; in qt. w. Warren Bernhardt, Eddie Gomez, and George Young. To NYC ’72 in trio w. Tony Levin, Mike Holmes. Rec. w. Chet Baker ’74. Worked w. Stuff ’74–5; Corea ’75–81; Ben Sidran ’78. A founding member—w. the Brecker bros.—of Steps Ahead, he left it in ’81, then worked w. Masahiko Sato; Manhattan Jazz Qnt.; Joe Farrell; Herbie Hancock; Bob James; Steve Khan; Ron Carter; Roland Hanna; also w. Al Di Meola; Paul Simon; Stevie Wonder; Barbra Streisand; Paul McCartney; Aretha Franklin; Al Jarreau. Form. the Gadd Gang w. Ronnie Cuber, Gomez ’88. Pl. w. Corea qt. for Eur. fests. ’92; M. Petrucciani trio, in Eur., US ’97. Favs: Elvin Jones, Tony Williams, Jack DeJohnette, Buddy Rich, Louie Bellson. CDs: w. Baker (CTI); G. Benson; Weather Report (Col.); C. Bley (Watt); Brecker Bros. (Novus); Corea (Polyd.; Verve; Stretch); R. Cuber (Elec. Bird); E. Elias; E. Gomez (Den.); R.R. Kirk (Atl.); Manhattan Jazz Qnt. (PW; SB); D. Sanborn (WB); G. Washington (Elek.).
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Conference papers on the topic "George Polya"

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Romli, Nada Arina. "Implementasi Transformasi Branding Kota Cimahi Sebagai Kota Kreatif." In SEMINAR NASIONAL DAN CALL FOR PAPER 2020 FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH JEMBER. UM Jember Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32528/psneb.v0i0.5177.

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Penelitian yang berjudul Implementasi Transformasi Branding Kota Cimahi sebagai Creative city bertujuan mengetahui implementasi kampanye yang dilakukan Pemkot Cimahi kampanye perubahan merek Creative and Cyber (C4) menjadi Creative city dengan program pengembangan ekonomi lokal (PEL). Penelitian ini mengkaji proses pembangunan makna yang melibatkan interaksi sosial Pemkot Cimahi dan target audiens dalam perubahan merek Kota Cimahi sebagai Creative city. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan paradigma konstruktivis, dan jenis studi kasus. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori interaksi simbolik dari George Herbert Mead. Subjek penelitiannya adalah PNS Pemkot Cimahi serta wirausahawan yang tergabung di komunitas kewirausahaan di Cimahi yang dipilih dengan teknik sampling purposif. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui teknik wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipan pasif, dan kajian pustaka. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa dalam upaya menciptakan makna bersama Cimahi sebagai Creative city antara Pemkot Cimahi dan target audiens dibutuhkan sosialisasi Pemkot Cimahi kepada target audiensnya yaitu wirausahawan sebagai target utama dan masyarakat umum sebagai target kedua dengan menggunakan berbagai jenis pola komunikasi diantaranya pola komunikasi interpersonal antara Pemkot Cimahi dengan individu wirausaha di Cimahi serta masyarakat umum adalah dengan melaksanakan Forum Temu Usaha yaitu sebuah seminar dan workshop yang menghadirkan berbagai pakar wirausaha yang diundang oleh Pemkot Cimahi serta komunitas wirausaha Cimahi diantaranya Cimahi Creative Association (CCA) yang bergerak di bidang teknologi animasi, Ikatan Wanita Pengusaha Indonesia (IWAPI) regional Cimahi, Komunitas Kewirausahawan Muda Cimahi (KWACI). Pola komunikasi organisasi yang dilakukan pemerintah kepada komunitas wirausaha dengan menggunakan media sosial, selain itu pola komunikasi organisasi pun dilakukan dengan menggunakan media luar ruang seperti poster yang ditempel di tempat-tempat pertemuan komunitas wirausaha dan mading Pemkot Cimahi, menyelenggarakan pameran kewirausahaan, membuat gerakan “Cinta Produk Lokal Cimahi”, membuat website PEL, promosi menggunakan media sosial seperti Facebook serta, melaksanakan Forum Group Discussion Sementara pola komunikasi massa yang dilakukan oleh Pemkot Cimahi kepada masyarakat umum untuk mensosialisasikan perubahan merek Kota Cimahi yaitu dengan mengundang jurnalis untuk peliputan dan penayangan di TV nasional maupun lokal, memasang iklan di TVRI, dan menyelenggarakan Talkshow anggota PEL menayangkan TVRI, dan membuat buku profil komunitas wirausaha Cimahi
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Sarfo-Kantanka, Kofi, Andrew J. Wilson, Alexandra Steck, Jeanette Saskowski, and Dineo Khabele. "Abstract C79: The histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat sensitizes cyclin E-amplified ovarian cancer cells to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib." In Abstracts: Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; November 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, Georgia. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp15-c79.

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Reports on the topic "George Polya"

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Ross, Peter, Samantha Scott, Marie Noel, and Natasha Klasios. Green/Cheakamus watershed: Water quality report for the 2023 dry season. Raincoast Conservation Foundation, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.70766/955.423.

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Water is essential for life, and steps are needed to understand, protect and restore its health in fish habitat throughout British Columbia. The Raincoast Healthy Waters program was launched in 2023 to establish community-oriented water pollution monitoring in select BC watersheds. Two Healthy Waters sampling events take place every year in each watershed – the first in the dry season (summer), and the second being in the wet season (winter). While the Healthy Waters program typically focuses its work within singular watersheds, this partnership featured two Whistler area watersheds: the Green River, which drains through the Lillooet and Fraser Rivers into the Strait of Georgia (watershed area of 875 km2). and the Cheakamus River which drains south via the Squamish River to Howe Sound (watershed area of 1,034 km2). Combined, these watersheds cover an area of 1,909 km2. This report highlights results from the first dry (summer) season sampling carried out with the support and participation of the Whistler Lakes Conservation Foundation (WLCF). Briefly, the Healthy Waters – WLCF team determined basic water properties (temperature, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen and turbidity) in situ at sampling sites on July 27, 2023. Water samples were collected from five water categories, including source water (2 samples), stream and river water (7 samples), road runoff (6 samples), tap water (10 samples – pooled into a single composite sample) and marine water (one sample). Samples were then analysed individually for coliform, metals, nutrients and physical parameters, and pooled by water category for analysis of pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), alkylphenol ethoxylates, bisphenols, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), sucralose and 6PPD Quinone. Overall, the Green/Cheakamus watersheds had relatively good water quality in the dry season, but additional sampling and analysis will provide additional insight into contamination impacts from forest fires, domestic wastewater, industrial chemicals and road runoff on the health of this valued watershed.
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Ross, Peter, Samantha Scott, and Marie Noel. Green/Cheakamus watershed: Water quality report for the 2023/2024 wet season. Raincoast Conservation Foundation, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.70766/9365.56.

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Water is essential for life, and steps are needed to understand, protect and restore its health in fish habitat throughout British Columbia. The Raincoast Healthy Waters program was launched in 2023 to establish community-oriented water pollution monitoring in select BC watersheds. Two Healthy Waters sampling events take place every year in each watershed – the first in the dry season (summer), and the second being in the wet season (winter). While the Healthy Waters program typically focuses its work within singular watersheds, this partnership featured two Whistler area watersheds: the Green River, which drains through the Lillooet and Fraser Rivers into the Strait of Georgia (watershed area of 875 km2). and the Cheakamus River which drains south via the Squamish River to Howe Sound (watershed area of 1,034 km2). Combined, these watersheds cover an area of 1,909 km2. This report highlights results from the first wet (winter) season sampling carried out with the support and participation of the Whistler Lakes Conservation Foundation (WLCF). Briefly, the Healthy Waters – WLCF team determined basic water properties (temperature, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen and turbidity) in situ at sampling sites on November 23, 2023. Water samples were collected from five water categories, including source water (2 samples), stream and river water (7 samples), road runoff (6 samples), tap water (10 samples – pooled into a single composite sample) and marine water (one sample). Samples were then analysed individually for coliform, metals, nutrients and physical parameters, and pooled by water category and analysed for pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), alkylphenol ethoxylates, bisphenols, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), sucralose and 6-PPD Quinone. Several contaminant classes were found at higher concentrations in the dry season, but some were higher in the wet season. Overall, the Green/Cheakamus watersheds had relatively good water quality in the wet season, but additional sampling and analysis will provide additional insight into contamination impacts from forest fires, domestic wastewater, industrial chemicals and road runoff on the health of this valued watershed.
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