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1
Varshanidze, Nadim, and Emzar Kakhidze. "SOME ISSUES ON NATIONAL IDENTITY OF GEORGIAN MUSLIMS." Pro Georgia, no. 32/2022 (January 1, 2022): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32690/1230-1604/pg32/varshanidze/kakhidze.
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The southern region of Georgia, historical Meskheti which according to tradition was primary converted in Christianity even in the 1st century AD was occupied by Ottomans since 16th century AD. Only the territories of present Samtskhe-Javakheti and Ajara, approximatelyone third of ancient Messkheti are parts of modern state of Georgia being a part of the Russian Empire since 1829 and 1878 in sequence.It is interesting the different results, which occurred after the entire process. The Muslim inhabitants of Samtskhe-Javakheti, unlike of Ajarians, could not keep up the national consciousness and as of today it admits itself like ethnic Turks. There are some important reasons among which we should emphasize Ottoman ruling traditions and characteristics of Georgian political and cultural life in the 19th century. The case is that Samtskhe in the middle ages was the active political player unlike Ajara. It was one of the initiator of decentralization and because of this significantly the main victim of Ottoman occupation. In 16th-19th centuries Ottomans established their governance institutions definitely in this region and islamization, like to administrative centers in the Balkans, most profoundly is noticed there. On the other hand, in the 1830s when Samtskhe-Javakheti entered to Russian province inhabited by eastern Georgians, upper intellectual strata was in the process of formation. The tradition that prevented Muslims from perception of being Georgians, was still strong. Only later, in the 1870s Muslim population of Samtskhe-Javakheti were promulgated as Georgians by the request of Georgian society. It was late though, however such policies justified in newly joined Ajara. To say shortly, geographical conditions, faulty infrastructure and advanced ideas appeared in the second half of the 19th century in Georgia contributed to preservation of inhabitants of Ajara within the framework of the Georgian national identity.
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Tabatadze, Sandro. "Far right political stances: the same trend in Georgia?" Review of Nationalities 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pn-2019-0016.
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AbstractThis article deals with the emerging far right movements in Georgia, where the growing Europeanization process is taking place. Therefore, it aims to determine how relevant the European-experienced understanding of the far right with the similar movement political positions is. The article presents the stances of the members of far right movements (Georgian March, Anti-liberals, Georgian National Unity and Edelweiss) on foreign and identity policy and different socio-ethical issues, also assessed the neo-populist manner and belief in supremacy of the law. The conclusion summarizes the major characteristics of these far right movements in comparative way.
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Kvantidze, Guliko. "The Khalat as a Gift and the Customs Connected to it in the Life of Eastern Georgia (According to the Georgian written sources)." Kadmos 8 (2016): 110–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32859/kadmos/8/110-157.
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The article deals with two issues widely discussed in ethnological studies: gifts and clothing. Landmark theories on gift exchange were first propounded by Marcel Mauss and Claude Lévi-Strauss, who introduced a multi-perspective approach. The question was further explored by Russian scholars Aaron Gurevich, Elena Ilnitskaya and others. The function and symbolism of clothing were studied by Flugel, Hofmann, Bogatyrov and other researchers, who pointed out primary and secondary characteristics of garments. Likewise significant are works by Georgian scholars who focused on the utilitarian and aesthetic features of Georgian national costumes and their regional, age and gender specifics. This article discusses khalat as a gift in Medieval East Georgia according to the 17th-18th century Georgian historical sources. Gift is understood as having a symbolic value of reciprocity and reflecting the ongoing political situation in the country. Royal practices for accepting khalat as a gift can be classed into three types: a. when a king removed his national clothes and publicly vested himself in Iranian garments, thus recognizing full obedience, b. when a king put on Iranian clothes over his Georgian national costumes, thus expressing his partial obedience and c. when a king entered the borders of his country dressed in Iranian clothes, which indicated that he was granted the insignia of royalty. The comparative study of written sources reveals that the presentation of khalats was practiced in Georgia in the Middle Ages (the 9th-12th centuries) as well as in Antiquity (the 1st-2nd and 5th-6th centuries).
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Ghvinjilia, Gvantsa. "Russian double annexation and the issue of religious consciousness in post‑soviet Georgian music." Aspects of Historical Musicology 30, no. 30 (April 8, 2023): 134–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-30.07.
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The article is dedicated to the сonsequences of Russian double annexation in post-modern and post-avant-garde Georgian music. As a result of the research, it was determined that Russian annexation changed the natural path of development of Georgian music. It is a well-known fact that in order to establish a national composition school, first of all, it is necessary to rely on the roots of national professional music (which in any case originates from the church music of a particular nation) from a stylistic point of view. As Georgian Orthodox chanting was chased from the Georgian Сhurch, they were completely unknown to first generation of Georgian composers. That is why the first Georgian composers were not honored to be the founders of the national composition school, and this became a historical misfortune of the first Georgian patriotic artists. During second annexation, due to the regime’s rejection of the Christian religion, Georgian composers were unabled to address the stylistic-intonational characteristics of Georgian chants. During the Soviet period, the regime banned music with religious content, and the use of church genres, as well as religious themes or church hymns in any genre of music. After the collapsing regime, the requirement to ban church genres or religious music was canceled, and it turned out that composers are often interested in religious themes and intensively refer to the stylistic and intonation, and mode characteristics of Georgian chants. Compositions of Maka Virsaladze and Eka Chabashvili are clear examples of it.
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Beridze, Teona. "Narrative as a method of studying the speech characteristics of bilingual children (On the example of Georgian bilingual and Greek monolingual juniors)." International Journal of Multilingual Education X, no. 2 (December 24, 2021): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22333/ijme.2021.18006.
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The present article: ″Narrative as a method of studying the speech characteristics of bilingual children (On the example of Georgian bilingual and Greek monolingual juniors)″ aims to study the nature of narrative and to establish narrative skills in school; also the purpose of the study is to define the importance of narrative as an effective method of research. The first part of the paper presents a brief overview of the theoretical material around the narrative. The second part of the article is based on empirical material. In particular, it is based on the analysis and results of my research which I have conducted at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Greece). The article presents a study of children's narratives and a comparison of narratives during bilingualism; In particular, the use of narrative-based research method in the case of Georgian bilinguals and Greek monolinguals, the use of which is quite common in the modern field of psycholinguistics.
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Bokuchava, Natia. "Study of phenolic content using LC–MS/MS technic in Saperavi grapevine shoots growing in Georgia." Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 12, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 5675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v12i2.4244.
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Georgia is one of the world's oldest wine areas. Interest to by-products of vine processing is rising because they may be exploited as source of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes, rather than being discarded. The aim of the present research was to study polyphenolic compounds content in Saperavi grapevine shoots extract. Shoots of Saperavi grapevine were collected in Kakheti, Georgia. Extract was preliminary prepared and concentrated 4-fold. Polyphenols were extracted using Methanol and total phenolic content (TPC) was measured with Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) reagent in terms of Gallic acid. The qualitative composition and content of phenolic compounds was studied with Liquid Chromatography - tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The identification was achieved by comparison of the retention times (tR) and spectra characteristics of individual compounds with those in data library. As a result, 14 different phenolic compounds were isolated. Received results demonstrated possibility of using Georgian Saperavi grapevine shoots as a source of biologically active ingredients, for which studies should be proceeded accordingly. This research № PHDF-21-1607 has been supported by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation (SRNSFG).
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Mamasakhlisashvili, L., and L. Ujmajuridze. "Study of less widespread and rare Georgian wine grape varieties." BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191501009.
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The genetic biodiversity of the Georgian genome of vine is a resource that creates Georgian viticulture – winemaking basis. According to its species diversity Solomon Cholokashvili Jigaura National International Category Collection GEO 038 of Mtskheta Municiality is really very interesting. On the background of the climate global changes it is necessary to complexly re-study the less widespread and rare grape varieties – according to fenological, chemical and enocarpological characteristics, and others, to spread them on their wide range – for the purpose of diversity of entrepreneurial varieties. In addition, information received as a result of the research will be used in variety breeding, as the original material for the parent couple's target selection. The study of the species for research was performed in field and laboratory conditions by complex using of different research methods.
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Shavlokhov, Georgy K. "The National Liberation Struggle and the Declaration of Independence of South Ossetia in the Late 80s - Early 90s. 20th Century." Vestnik of North Ossetian State University, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2022-1-76-83.
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The article deals with issues related to the history of the creation of the statehood of the Republic of South Ossetia from the time of the beginning of the destruction of the Soviet Union until its complete collapse. The relevance of the article is due to the growing interest in the historical conditions for the construction of statehood in South Ossetia, its features and characteristics. In addition, the events of this important stage in the recent history of the South Ossetian people are still insufficiently covered in the domestic scientific literature. Particular attention is paid to the political processes of the late 80s - early 90s. of the last century, which radically changed the situation in South Ossetia. It is noted that the invasion of the Georgian armed formations into the territory of South Ossetia, as well as the facts of the genocide carried out against them by the Georgian Mensheviks in the summer of 1920, preserved in the historical memory of the South Ossetian people, predetermined the impossibility of further being part of the Georgian state, aggressively disposed against national minorities. Accordingly, the population of South Ossetia came to the full realization of the need to declare independence, as the only way to save themselves from physical destruction by Georgian nationalists. Great importance in the work was given to the consideration of a set of issues related to the political, legal and historical justifications for the declaration of independence of the Republic of South Ossetia. In particular, it is stated that the implementation of the strategic course towards full independence and sovereignty of the republic, self-determination of the South Ossetian people was carried out in accordance with the union legislation in force at that time. As a result, the people of South Ossetia, who suffered heavy human losses and destruction during the national liberation struggle, retained their historical lands, the article emphasizes.
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Nedberg, Ingvild Hersoug, Tinatin Manjavidze, Charlotta Rylander, Ellen Blix, Finn Egil Skjeldestad, and Erik Eik Anda. "Changes in cesarean section rates after introduction of a punitive financial policy in Georgia: A population-based registry study 2017–2019." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): e0271491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271491.
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Background There is little research on how financial incentives and penalties impact national cesarean section rates. In January 2018, Georgia introduced a national cesarean section reduction policy, which imposes a financial penalty on hospitals that do not meet their reduction targets. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of this policy on cesarean section rates, subgroups of women, and selected perinatal outcomes. Methods We included women who gave birth from 2017 to 2019 registered in the Georgian Birth Registry (n = 150 534, nearly 100% of all births in the country during this time). We then divided the time period into pre-policy (January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2017) and post-policy (January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019). An interrupted time series analysis was used to compare the cesarean section rates (both overall and stratified by parity), neonatal intensive care unit transfer rates, and perinatal mortality rates in the two time periods. Descriptive statistics were used to assess differences in maternal socio-demographic characteristics. Results The mean cesarean section rate in Georgia decreased from 44.7% in the pre-policy period to 40.8% in the post-policy period, mainly among primiparous women. The largest decrease in cesarean section births was found among women <25 years of age and those with higher education. There were no significant differences in the neonatal intensive care unit transfer rate or the perinatal mortality rate between vaginal and cesarean section births in the post-policy period. Conclusion The cesarean section rate in Georgia decreased during the 2-year post-policy period. The reduction mainly took place among primiparous women. The policy had no impact on the neonatal intensive care unit transfer rate or the perinatal mortality rate. The impact of the national cesarean section reduction policy on other outcomes is not known.
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Abesadze, Nino, Otar Abesadze, and Nino Paresashvili. "MODERN STATISTICAL TRENDS OF EXPORTS BY SEA TRANSPORT TO THE CIS COUNTRIES." ინოვაციური ეკონომიკა და მართვა 10, no. 2 (August 3, 2023): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46361/2449-2604.10.2.2023.140-150.
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Nino Abesadze
Email:nino.abesadze@tsu.ge
Associate Professor, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisis State University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-2771
Otar Abesadze
Email:o.abesadze@gmail.com
Associate Professor, Georgian National University SEU
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1644-4995
Nino Paresashvili
Email:nino.paresashvili@tsu.ge
Associate Professor, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisis State University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-6491
Abstract. In the modern conditions of globalization, the use of sea transport is becoming more and more popular, the share of which is quite high in export trade relations.
The main goal of the paper is to outline the trends in export under the conditions of sea transport and to determine the main parameters. Analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction were used in the research process, as well as specific statistical methods: observation, grouping, and analysis. For the purpose of analysis, data were processed, and indicators were calculated with computer software SPSS.
Over the years, historically, the CIS has been and still is one of the major trade partners of Georgia. Its share in the total volume of exports is almost 50%, which was characterized by certain fluctuations in 2016-2022. If at the beginning of the period, only 35% of Georgia's total exports went to CIS countries, by 2019 its share increased to 53.8%.
Export relations with the CIS are mainly carried out by road (81%), while marine transport has a share of 9.8%. In 2016-2022, the average annual growth rate of exports to the CIS countries amounted to 123.9%, while the increase of exports by sea transport was 19% annually during the same period. In 2022, the share of exports by sea transport decreased, which makes up 4.7% of the total export in the CIS countries, which is 5.9 percentage points lower than the previous year's figure. Despite the fact that before and after the pandemic, Georgia has active trade relations with the countries of the region, bat a large part of re-exports, 94%, goes to the CIS countries, by road and then by sea.
Georgia's total export to the CIS increased by 33.3% compared to the previous year, while local export decreased by 1%. The increase in exports to the CIS was largely related to the increase in re-exports because in this period re-exports increased by 76%. Despite the growth of domestic exports, re-exports have a significant share in the total exports of Georgia with the CIS, and its change affects the characteristics of foreign trade. Accordingly, the ratio between local export and re-export is variable, which amounted to 0.69 in 2022.
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Shavianidze, David, and George Gavtadze. "SOME ISSUES OF ETHNO-ECONOMICS." Economic Profile 18, no. 2(26) (December 19, 2023): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/ep.2023.26.03.
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In the paper, based on a complex analysis of ethnographic materials, interesting issues of ethno-economics are discussed. In particular: The reasons for the beginning of the process of emptying rural settlements, which is still ongoing, but originates from the last quarter of the 19th century; the consequences of rejecting the willing rule of standing next to each other in labor-activity; Integrating modern means of ennobling personal economic and social status ("living affordably") into everyday life. The following are the reasons for the emptying of the countryside and the abolition of traditional farming: 1. neglecting traditional, time-tested approaches to "people's life", farm management; 2. Abolition of traditional local community governance, for example, replacement of the "Makhvshi" institution with "trickster-savvy, salaried" administrators; 3. The gradual replacement of unity, work for each other with the approach "to be mine". We mean that on the way to economic security, the "rule of unselfishness help" was forgotten. 4. "legally recognized" binding relationships that did not take into account human capacity. Replacing the faith-boosting "begar" with "an inappropriate natural tax imposed on you by law"; 5. Forgetting the habit of asking God for "provided happiness". It is revealed that before the government launched various economic programs to raise social welfare, the individual and the community themselves were oriented to get a better life and distribute the "benefit" to their family and external needs. On the basis of complex research, the historical meaning of the terms: "Scream", "Bad Monday", "Letting go" and "Peace", "Begara" is revealed; Also, the name of a better economic condition obtained by "faithful and calculated work" - "comparatively better being". It is worth noting the fact that ethnographic materials once again confirmed the opinions of Georgian economists that physiocratic views were always predominant for the Georgian space, until the consciousness of our population was formed on the basis of national-Georgian morality. This was reflected not only in various types of legislation, but also in literature. Only "The knight in the panther skin" and "Wisdom of Lies" are enough to prove this. However, after the disruption of the Georgian statehood by Tsarist Russia and, later, the Sovietization, the thinking of the citizens of Georgia changed and adapted to the new reality, which should be perceived as an adequate response to the change in environmental conditions. However, historical experience shows that this process had a negative impact on the current situation and future prospects of our country. Before the state took over social and economic functions, the community itself was responsible for the well-being of its members. We may think that in the conditions of the so-called “collective responsibility”, the area of individual responsibility is lost, however, in the case of the community, it was the concern for the well-being of another; by being willing to share the risks associated with the life of a “neighbor” without benefit, a community member insured himself and his family's well-being. As a result, all this, “relatively better living” obtained by “faith and commited work” can be called the “communit’s economy”. Although it was subject to general economic laws, but the moral and social characteristics of local society were highlighted in it, in the formation of which a decisive role ws played by religion and historically formed traditions. The ethno-economy is what we used to describe this situation.
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Loria, Manuchar, Gulad Khilaishvili, and Natalia Jijavadze. "TOURISM SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS AND THE PROSPECTS FOR CREATING AN ETHNOVISUAL TOURISM ATLAS IN ADJARA." Three Seas Economic Journal 4, no. 3 (November 30, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2023-3-1.
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Ethnovisual tourism explores a destination's cultural heritage through visual means, generating economic benefits and encouraging investment in cultural infrastructure and heritage conservation projects. Assessing the social, economic and environmental impacts of tourism activities is essential to ensure sustainability and preserve local communities. In Adjara, Georgia, an ethnovisual tourism atlas can provide an immersive experience of local culture and heritage. Community engagement and participation are essential for the preservation of cultural heritage and for the benefit of the local community. Environmental sustainability should be prioritised through responsible tourism practices, such as reducing waste and energy consumption. The National Tourism Administration of the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development has published booklets and collections on pilgrimage tourism, such as "Orthodox Pilgrimage to Georgia" and "Georgia for the Jewish Travelers". These publications serve as reference materials for tourists, but are of limited use to guides and the general public. The Batumi Synagogue, for example, was built in 1904 by the Jewish community of Batumi and ceased operations in 1929. These publications can serve as reference materials and should be supplemented with additional materials to better understand the sustainable development of tourism in Adjara. In 1993, the Batumi Synagogue was returned to the Jewish community after being illegally installed by European Jews. The government postponed the project three times, and the Jews turned to the rabbi of Kutaisi for help. The article presents and analyses the sustainability of tourism in the context of post-COVID-19 conditions in Adjara, examines the ethnocultural characteristics of some ethnic groups living in Georgia, and proposes a model route for pilgrimage tourism for tour operators. The characteristics of the creation of an atlas of ethnovisual tourism based on field research, video monitoring of ethno-cultural values and the main sources for structuring cartographic material are also described. The article examines the dynamics of tourism development trends in Adjara, their probable estimates and prospects, which will be of interest not only to tourists and guides, but also to stakeholders interested in inter-ethnic and inter-religious relations, as well as to the scientific community. The research task was to analyse the sustainability of tourism in Adjara, focusing on the ethno-cultural characteristics of Georgian ethnic groups, and to offer a model pilgrimage tourism route for tour operators. The main objective was to predict future development and define trends. The research methodology includes interviews, stories, video monitoring, statistical forecasting technical tools and moving average tools. In conclusion, the interests of the ethno-spiritual culture of a multiethnic society in terms of sustainable tourism development and economic prospects are substantiated with the help of a video atlas, and an original tourist product in the form of an ethno-tourist video atlas is created. Video monitoring of ethno-cultural values allows capturing traditional elements of everyday life, material culture, social and family life, and spiritual culture.
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რუხაძე, მარიამ. "გრამატიკალიზებული ადგა ფორმის ფუნქციურ-სემანტიკური ანალიზი." Millennium 1 (December 20, 2023): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.62235/mln.1.2023.7251.
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Language as a system of signs is a complex phenomenon. Full analysis of language means, on the one hand, studying the linguistic system and, on the other hand, studying the mechanisms of its functioning, i.e., analysing the interaction between deep and surface structures. At the same time, language is a constantly changing system. Changes occur on each level of language: in its phonological setup, its morphological system and its syntactic structures. Changes also apply to the field of semantics and pragmatics.The primary function of language – its use in communication – builds upon the linguistic inventory, which consists of lexical units and functional elements. The inventory of a language can be divided into different paradigmatic classes. Due to changes, a sign can be transposed from one paradigmatic class to another in natural languages. This type of change in a given language system is called grammaticalisation. Grammaticalisation is a well-known phenomenon in typology. During the process of grammaticalisation, a lexical unit looses its historically developed semantics and after its desemanticisation acquires some specific grammatical function; consequently, it becomes a functional element. In general, the change of lexical units into grammatical/functional elements is quite common in natural languages and it is characteristic for both nouns and verbs; however, the research methodology concerning them is different. In typological terms, grammaticalisation is particularly specific in the transformation of verb forms into functional elements. The process of grammaticalisation involves a change of the paradigmatic class of a linguistic sign. A change of this type does not occur at once, it is gradual, as a grammaticalisation process as Hopper says: “a change is only incompletely achieved at any given stage of language” (Hopper 2005:25). The present paper refers to the process of grammaticalisation, the functional and semantic analysis of grammaticalised items, and the ways to tackle the problems that arise in computer linguistics due to grammaticalised elements of verbal origin. The goal of the paper is to demonstrate the grammaticalised function of the verbal form a-dg-a (PR-stand-AOR.S3.SG) ‘stood up’ vs. ‘abruptly stopped an action and began a new one’ and the semantic and functional aspects of this form. The investigation uses both corpus-based and corpus-oriented methods and is carried out on the basis of the Georgian National Corpus (GNC; www.gnc.gov.ge). The empirical data are collected from the Old, Middle and Modern Georgian corpora, as well as the subcorpora of juridical and political texts. In order to search the functional and semantic characteristics of the grammaticalised form a-dg-a, we applied the methods of lexical substitution and elimination, and to describe the functions of the form, we used a language competency test. The results of the test are illustrated by charts. Functional elements create special difficulties in computational language processing, i.e. in computational linguistics. Today no one argues about the establishment of digital bases of spoken and written language and the importance of its processing with digital methods: in the 21st century, scientists’ efforts are rather aimed at creating and improving methods of artificial intelligence. The creation of systems for automatic recognition and analysis is one of the main tasks. This requires a thorough analysis of the linguistic system on phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic levels. Since the Georgian language material is not yet functionally processed in all its facets, the Georgian National Corpus does not possess an algorithm to distinguish functional elements from homonymous elements belonging to another paradigmatic class, which is an unsettled problem of disambiguation. The present paper describes the homonymy that is caused by the grammaticalisation of the form a-dg-a and the ways of removing the ambiguity in the GNC. On the basis of the collected data, it suggests rules which are illustrated by charts. We hope that the suggested rules will be a basis for an improvement of the corpus-internal mechanism of morphological analyis.
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Abesadze, Nino, Otar Abesadze, Nino Paresashvili, and Natalia Robitashvili. "CONTEMPORARY STATISTICAL TRENDS OF FOREIGN TRADE BY SEA TRANSPORT BY COUNTRY GROUPS." Innovative economics and management 11, no. 2 (July 17, 2024): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.46361/2449-2604.11.2.2024.86-100.
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Nino Abesadze E-mail: nino.abesadze@tsu.ge Associate Professor, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisis State University Tbilisi, Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-2771 Otar Abesadze E-mail: o.abesadze@gmail.com Associate Professor, Georgian National University SEU Tbilisi, Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1644-4995 Nino Paresashvili E-mail: nino.paresashvili@tsu.ge Associate Professor, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisis State university Tbilisi, Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-6491 Natalia Robitashvili E-mail: nato.robitashvili@bsu.edu.ge Associate Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University Batumi, Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-6491 Abstract. At the modern stage of economic development, under the conditions of deepening globalization, the use of correct logistics is becoming more and more relevant, which plays an important role in the development of trade relations between countries and ensuring correct fragmentation of the economy. Today, the situation is such that the presence of certain threats in sea transportation determines the high risk of the possibility of an increase in transportation prices, which is why its influence on price volatility is quite strong. Based on the current situation, the research of maritime logistics issues is becoming more and more relevant in this regard, because the analysis of quantitative indicators of shipments, determination of risk expectations, detection of trends, identification of problems, etc. is an indicator of increasing the effectiveness of maritime logistics. This issue becomes even more important when the issue concerns the activation of trade relations with groups of different countries of the world by sea transport. This process is actively taking place in Georgia today, which is a prerequisite for diversification of transportation by different types of transport and increasing its intensity in the future, and there are signs of this in the country. As of today, the geographical area of trade relations of Georgia in terms of types of transport is wide, although the quantitative characteristics of foreign trade are differentiated according to individual countries and groups of countries. The main goal of the paper was to identify and analyze the statistical trends of Georgia's foreign trade relations with EU, CIS, BSEC, OECD, GUAM, and EFTA countries. During the stages of statistical research, the methods of statistical observation, gathering-grouping, and analysis are used in the research process. Therefore, the article discusses studies and analyzes the dynamics of foreign trade relations of Georgia with EU, CIS, BSEC, OECD, GUAM, and EFTA countries groups by sea transport. The main statistical indicators of foreign trade turnover, export-import, local export re-export, and the characteristics of the commodity structure are analyzed according to all indicators. The main statistical trends of foreign trade with non-specified country groups are identified and regularities are established. Relevant conclusions are made. Conclusions. Foreign trade relations in Georgia are primarily carried out by road transport, although marine transport with a 32.6% share firmly occupies the second place in dynamics;In exports, the advantage of the use of road transport is evident, compared to imports. EU, CIS, BSEC, OECD, GUAM, EFTA countries, the rate of foreign trade by sea transport is increasing;In 2016-2023, on average, the share of the EU in foreign trade by country groups increased by 5.3%.Changing trends are observed in case of exports of EU, BSEC, OECD countries groups. From 2019, the predominant growth of the BSEC indicator was revealed, but in 2023, the EU was again the highest indicator with a share of 67.4%9 in export relations.In the case of imports to the EU, CIS, BSEC, OECD, GUAM, EFTA countries, there is a pronounced trend: the European Union is the undisputed leader in the group of mentioned countries. In 2016-2023, the EU's share of maritime transport imports grew by an average of 2.6% annually. The growth of EU indicators is recorded in local exports, while a completely different picture was revealed in re-exports of sea transport, due to the intensification of trade relations with the CIS countries.From these EU, CIS, BSEC, OECD, GUAM, EFTA countries, Motor cars, Petroleum and petroleum oils are the most imported to Georgia, the share of which in imports is 68% and 32%. Copper ores and concentrates are the most exported, whose share in the motor exports of EU, CIS, BSEC, OECD, GUAM, EFTA is 38% and 17%. No significant changes have been observed in the commodity structure of both exports and imports in recent years. Key words: Trends, Sea Transport, Export, Import, Country Groups. JEL classification: C0
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Epperson, J. E., P. D. McPherson, and F. E. Stegelin. "National Produce Market Barrier Penetration: The Georgia Case." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 671–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.671.
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This study examined factors contributing to the development of the produce industry in Georgia and means of overcoming barriers to entry into the national fresh fruit and vegetable market. A survey of produce growers in Georgia was conducted in 2003–04. Information obtained from the respondents included economic and operational characteristics of grower enterprises and more specifically factors limiting production, expected operational changes, and marketing practices. Grower tendencies were ascertained from survey responses with respect to sales using regression analysis. Factors found important in overcoming barriers to national market entry stem from the degree of specialization and sophistication of producers.
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Lassiter, Randi L., Dennis W. Ashley, Regina S. Medeiros, Bao-ling Adam, Elizabeth G. Nesmith, Tracy J. Johns, Elizabeth V. Atkins, Christopher J. Dente, and Colville H. Ferdinand. "Descriptive Analysis of Venous Thromboembolism in Georgia Trauma Centers Compared with National Trauma Centers Participating in the Trauma Quality Improvement Program." American Surgeon 83, no. 11 (November 2017): 1283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481708301132.
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This study was designed to compare the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Georgia trauma centers with other national trauma centers participating in the Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP). The use of chemoprophylaxis and characteristics of patients who developed VTE were also examined. We conducted a retrospective observational study of 325,703 trauma admissions to 245 trauma centers from 2013 to 2014. Patient demographics, rate of VTE, as well as the use, type, and timing of chemoprophylaxis were compared between patients admitted to Georgia and non-Georgia trauma centers. The rate of VTE in Georgia trauma centers was 1.9 per cent compared with 2.1 per cent in other national trauma centers. Overall, 49.6 per cent of Georgia patients and 45.5 per cent of patients in other trauma centers had documented chemoprophylaxis. Low molecular weight heparin was the most commonly used medication. Most patients who developed VTE did so despite receiving prophylaxis. The rate of VTE despite prophylaxis was 3.2 per cent in Georgia and 3.1 per cent in non-Georgia trauma centers. Mortality associated with VTE was higher in Georgia trauma centers compared with national TQIP benchmarks. The incidence of VTE and use of chemoprophylaxis within Georgia trauma centers were similar to national TQIP data. Interestingly, most patients who developed VTE in both populations received VTE prophylaxis. Further research is needed to develop best-practice guidelines for prevention, early detection, and treatment in high-risk populations.
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ADAMASHVILI, I. M., Sittig K., N. G. Jolia, P. A. Fraser, F. B. Gelder, Pressly T., and E. L. Milford. "Genetic and Serologic Characteristics of Juvenile Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Georgian Nationals." Pediatrics and Related Topics 41, no. 5 (January 1, 2002): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0030932021000053543.
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Gogshelidze, Mariam, and János Novák. "The first record of Pselaphochernes scorpioides (Hermann, 1804) from Georgia, Caucasus (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones)." Caucasiana 2 (December 19, 2023): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.2.e114375.
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Pselaphochernes scorpioides (Hermann, 1804) is reported from Georgia for the first time. This is also the first record of the genus Pselaphochernes in Georgia. The finding is based on one female specimen found in the Malaise trap in Kintrishi National Park, Adjara Region. A description of the main morphological and morphometrical characteristics of the collected specimen is provided.
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Zoidze, Gia. "Strategic directions of balanced economic growth of entrepreneurial entities." Journal of Innovations and Sustainability 7, no. 1 (April 3, 2023): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.51599/is.2023.07.01.01.
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Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to study and describe some characteristics of the balanced economic growth of entrepreneurial entities (small, medium and large enterprises), draw valid conclusions and reveal future perspectives, which will allow us to balance their sustainable dynamic development and be able to mobilize and effectively manage our own resources.
Results. In both developed and developing countries, the role of small and medium enterprises is important. Small and medium-sized businesses are the main driving force in business development. In many countries of the world (including EU countries), small and medium entrepreneurship is considered as the main strategic direction of inclusive growth, employment, and economic development. The problem of economic growth of enterprises in the market economy is an urgent issue. Despite many innovative offers, the activities of the country’s enterprises, the growth of their scale requires more efforts. One of the main guidelines for ensuring the sustainable economic growth of enterprises is to ensure the economic efficiency of the leading sectors of the country’s economy, the enterprises included in them. In the conditions of modern globalization, as a result of the strengthening of competition, the issue of the development of the innovative economy came to the fore. The role of the leading directions of the country as a whole, as well as their individual enterprises, is essentially increasing. They determine the country’s specialization in the world economic system. Such enterprises determine the national competitive advantage.
Scientific novelty. While working on the research issues of the paper, as a result of theoretical and empirical research, the following were improved and complexly investigated: modern approaches to the study of ensuring the balanced economy, components of the balanced indicator system, balanced economic growth models, as a result of which the modern features and challenges of the economic growth of Georgian enterprises were revealed. Besides, in this study, the theoretical foundations of the balanced economic growth research are analyzed; the peculiarities of the balanced growth of enterprises in the conditions of globalization are defined; the ways of balanced economic growth of enterprises, its financial and economic indicators, models and perspectives are determined; the mechanism of sustainable development of enterprises is identified; as a result of studying the functions of a small and medium-sized enterprise, its strengths and weaknesses have been identified; the factors hindering the development and internationalization of the country’s small and medium-sized enterprises have been identified; the main recommendations for the development and internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises of the country have been developed.
Practical value. The conclusions and recommendations formed as a result of the conducted research can be used as a starting point for the balanced economic growth of the country’s business entities, small and medium enterprises.
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Tsinaridze, Ramin, Lasha Beridze, and Levan Tsetskhladze. "REFINANCING RATE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID PANDEMIC." Economic Profile 16, no. 2(22) (January 15, 2022): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/ep.2021.22.03.
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The conduct of monetary policy in the Covid-Pandemic conditions proved to be special, According to numerous experts and organizations, the global economic recession caused by the Covid-Pandemic has equaled the global financial crises. In such conditions, when the world is trying to deal with the virus, it seems that the management of state economic parameters and monetary policy are a secondary category, but in reality, monetary policy makers during this period constantly tried to pursue policies that would stimulate the economy and economic agents, including Georgia. The trend in monetary policy was similar in most countries, taking into account differences in national characteristics However, it should be noted that to date, both Georgia and the world have not emerged from the Covid-Pandemic situation and it is difficult to discuss concrete results, but the existing measures taken since the Covid-Pandemic began give us some basis for analysis. The general trend is, of course, to pursue a more lenient policy, but the timing is relatively different, Georgia's practice in this regard was relatively unpredictable, as it is impossible to pursue a policy of depreciation of money on the one hand, and at the same time have a negative balance of payments and the national currency is constantly devalued. Consequently, these issues were a challenge for Georgia even before the pandemic, and during the pandemic they became more pronounced, meaning an increase in the refinancing rate and maintaining a high level of the national currency exchange rate. Although the measures taken by the National Bank of Georgia during the Covid-Pandemic period are not long-term and should not be considered effective, because neither the interest rates nor the national currency could withstand the main pressure, which will have more negative consequences for the society and the future. For the economy. According to the Organic Law on the National Bank of Georgia, its main task is to ensure price stability. Price stability, in itself, implies maintaining moderate and low levels of inflation. Inflation is the main stimulus that poses the greatest threat to price stability and, consequently, the purchasing power of the national currency. Ensuring price stability is one of the main foundations for the current and promising development of the national economy. This is due to the fact that it implies low levels of inflation, the latter of which determines the purchasing power of the national currency, which is directly reflected in the long-term stable growth of the economy. Stability of the national currency is achieved when the projected inflation is as close as possible to the target, and when these indicators - especially the forecasted inflation - exceed its target level, it is at this point that the monetary policy rate is involved to ensure stability in the economy. The mechanism of its operation is simple, the tightening of the interest rate increases the market interest rate, which reduces the demand for loans in the conditions of increased interest rates and suppresses the joint demand through this channel, Relatively low demand will eventually reduce the level of inflation. Predictable and stable inflation rates guarantee the purchasing power of the national currency and price stability. While the National Bank reduces the refinancing rate, it increases the demand for monetary resources, which in itself increases the aggregate demand and led to the provision of price growth and inflation targets. Each monetary policy regime operates differently, but mainly serves one purpose, the stability of the economy, which in itself assumes the regulation of various macroeconomic indicators, so as not to harm the achievement of the main goal. As we have mentioned, the Organic Law on the National Bank of Georgia stipulates that the main goal of the National Bank is to ensure price stability, and in order to achieve this goal, the National Bank also aims to stabilize the national exchange rate and economy, and hence reduce unemployment Accordingly, the National Bank of Georgia has selected a monetary policy regime - inflation targeting or pre-determination of inflation targeting and the National Bank to take appropriate measures to regulate it. The change in the refinancing rate in Georgia during the pandemic period was dictated by the assessment of the current state of the economy. A significant failure in this regard is still related to the beginning of the pandemic period. Our country’s economy has faced significant constraints at a tighter refinancing rate, which has instantly further exacerbated the pandemic-induced recession. At the same time, the change in the refinancing rate should affect the economy, according to the National Bank, in 4-6 quarters, while the rate has changed five times in the last two years. It is important that the transmission mechanism caused by the rate change is fully realized in the economy. The fact is that a change in the refinancing rate can not be a guarantee of catching inflation and ensuring targeted inflation. Along with it, it is important to stimulate the joint demand, which should activate the reproductive processes in the economy. This should be a key factor and the refinancing rate in such a situation should be an auxiliary link. While the real rate of inflation cannot be fully determined, it is impossible for the economy to have a compatible refinancing rate that fully reflects the needs of the country's economy.
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Guliaeva, Evgenia. "Producing Ethnicity: Narratives about National Cuisine among the Azerbaijanis, Armenians and Georgians." Antropologicheskij forum 16, no. 45 (2020): 159–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2020-16-45-159-186.
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This paper is devoted to the analysis of one of the practices of reproducing ethnicity: conversations about national cuisine. Descriptions of national cuisines help articulate a person’s belonging to a certain ethnic group and serve to attribute various cultural characteristics to their “own” group and those of the “other” peoples. This article explores the ways Azerbaijanis, Armenians and Georgians living in St Petersburg think about their national cuisine. The focus of the study is on а comparison of these views as presented in semi-structured thematic interviews conducted by the author. Respondents who identify themselves with the same ethnic group from the South Caucasus generally think about their national cuisine in a way shared by the whole group, while the selection of main dishes differs significantly among the groups of different ethnic origin. It was observed that the general principles for organizing narratives about national cuisine were the same among the different ethnic groups. This includes the basic motifs, rhetorical turns, arguments and presuppositions (among them, ideas that there is a correspondence between ethnicity and eating practices, that national cuisine should be exclusive, family meals are national, etc.). At the same time, while ethnic food is a subject of national pride for Georgians and Azerbaijanis, Armenians do not seem to appreciate their cuisine in the same way.
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Wood, Bruce W. "Production Characteristics of the United States Pecan Industry." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 4 (July 1993): 538–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.4.538.
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The cyclic, alternate bearing and correlative aspects of U.S. produced pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] nuts are characterized. An attempt to forecast production using stepwise autoregressive techniques identified a national level biennial cycle for cultivar (CV) and seedling (SC) class nuts and a novemennial (9 year) cycle for SG class nuts. The intensity of the biennial cycle at the national level has generally been low to moderate over the last 50 years for CV and SG class nuts with no clear time trend being expressed. During the most recent years (1979-1991), national production of CV class nuts has not exhibited pronounced bienniality, whereas that of SG class nuts exhibited a moderate bienniality. The nature of the the irregularity of cycling of U.S. and state production appears to nullify the use of univariate polynomial equations as a practical tool for accurately forecasting nut production. Nut production within individual states was also cyclic, with 2-, 3-, 5, 6-, 10-, 12-, 14-, 15-, and 16-year cycles, depending on state and nut class. The most intense contemporary biennial cycles for CV class nuts were from Oklahoma, South Carolina, and North Carolina, whereas cycling of SG class nuts was most intense in Texas and Oklahoma. Correlations of production within and among states indicated that most interrelationships are relatively weak; however, national production of CV class nuts are highly correlated (r = 0.96) with the production of CV class nuts in Georgia, whereas that of SG class nuts is most correlated with that of Louisiana.
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Azmaiparashvili, Maia. "Ecological tourism as a promising trend of sustainable development in Georgia: topicality, capabilities, peculiaritie." InterConf, no. 38(175) (October 19, 2023): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.10.2023.002.
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The article analyzes the prospects for the development of ecological tourism in Georgia, in particular, the opportunities and conditions for the development of sustainable or ecotourism for different regions of Georgia are studied. Each region has distinct characteristics of natural environment, economic level, recreational and ecotourism resources. The article emphasizes that the development of ecotourism contributes to its main resources - the diverse nature of the country and the long-term preservation of a rich culture of life. Economic growth in the regions, providing employment for the local population, improving their well-being and, what is most important for the highland regions, solving the current demographic problem. Development of at least one national park visitor management plan that includes environmental impact and capacity assessments. development of appropriate institutional capacity for sound and efficient operation. creation of mechanisms for joint coordination practices in ecotourism management. Development of ecotourism/recreational development plans in forest areas. Development of national ecotourism standards based on existing international criteria and promotion of their implementation.
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Wood, Bruce W. "Production Unit Trends and Price Characteristics within the United States Pecan Industry." HortTechnology 11, no. 1 (January 2001): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.11.1.110.
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The United States pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] industry is based on about 10,107,170 trees (about 15% nonbearing) comprising about 492,137 acres (199,168 ha) of orchards (34% in Texas, 27% Georgia, and 17% Oklahoma) dispersed among about 19,900 farm operations (36% in Texas, 16% Georgia, and 7% Oklahoma) in 24 states. Fifty-six percent of this acreage is on farms with ≥100 acres (40.5 ha) of trees (i.e., 5% of total farms). An evaluation of production related changes over the last decade indicate fundamental changes occurring in the nature of the U. S. industry. These include a) movement toward agricultural industrialization as reflected by fewer small-farms and more large-farms; b) reduced percentage of young (i.e., nonbearing) trees in most major producing states; c) substantial decline in number of farms and acres in the southeastern regionhistorically the primary production area-yet substantial growth in the northern region of production; d) a national 3% increase in the number of pecan farms and 14% increase in acreage; and e) substantial demographic changes, such as the enhanced importance of the southwestern region including New Mexico with diminished importance of many southeastern states. States also drastically differ in degree of biennial bearing, as measured by the biennial bearing index (i.e., K = 0.04 - 0.73; where 0 = no production variation and 1 = maximum variation), average production efficiency of both orchards [Epa = 192 - 1,224 lb/acre (215 - 1,374 kg·ha-1)] and trees [Ept = 19 - 60 lb/tree (8.6 kg/tree)], variation in grower prices (cv = 18 - 36%), and relationship between price and national supply of pecan (r2 = 0.94 - 0.03). For the pecan industry as a whole, average price received for nut-meats is as closely associated with national supply of pecan nut-meats as that of almond and pistachio and is far better than that of walnut-pecan's primary competitor. The supply of pecan meats on-hand at the beginning of the season, plus supply from the current season's crop, plus the price of walnut meats accounts for 80% of price variation in average United States pecan meat price.
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Janelidze, Nino. "Regional Features of Social Entrepreneurship Development and Georgia." European Journal of Marketing and Economics 3, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/288aof14j.
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Social entrepreneurship as an event appeared in XIX century. However, the emergence, development, forms of origin, scale of activity and speed of dissemination of social entrepreneurship are uneven across countries due to objective institutional factors. Based on the analysis of the emergence and development of social entrepreneurship worldwide, we can say that social entrepreneurship is a global event, which, on the one hand, extends to all regions of the world, on the other hand, has its national forms and characteristics depending on the degree of development of institutions, traditions and cultures in any one country. In generalizing the key trends in the development of social entrepreneurship worldwide, we can infer that the temporal and geographical frameworks for the spread of social entrepreneurship are driven by objective preconditions. Historical, political and socio-economic factors have influenced the period of formation of social entrepreneurial firms, organizational-legal forms and the intensity of the spread of social entrepreneurship in different regions of the world. The article discusses the regional features of social entrepreneurship development not only in countries where it has an established tradition, but also in countries where social entrepreneurship is starting to emerge. The main objective of the presented analysis is, on the one hand, to show the global scale of this event worldwide, and on the other, to reveal its national features.
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Boyhan, George E., Suzanne O’Connell, Ryan McNeill, and Suzanne Stone. "Evaluation of Watermelon Varieties under Organic Production Practices in Georgia." HortTechnology 29, no. 3 (June 2019): 382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04199-18.
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Organic production is a fast-growing sector of agriculture in need of variety evaluations under their unique production systems. This study evaluated 16 watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) varieties for their performance characteristics under organic production practices. Plants were grown on plastic mulch-covered beds on land that had been certified organic in accordance with the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Organic Program. Six of the entries were F1 hybrids; the remaining entries were open-pollinated (OP) varieties. Of the 10 OP varieties, three were considered heirloom varieties, including Cream of Saskatchewan, Georgia Rattlesnake, and Moon & Stars. ‘Georgia Rattlesnake’ was the highest yielding variety and had the greatest average fruit weight. Along with ‘Georgia Rattlesnake’, ‘Nunhems 800’, ‘Nunhems 860’, ‘Orangeglo’, and ‘SSX 8585’ were included in the top five yielding varieties. The top five yielding varieties had fruit size that averaged more than 20 lb. Fruit size correlated with rind thickness, with lighter fruit having thinner rind (Pearson’s correlation, r = 0.779), which is not unexpected. ‘Sangria’ had the greatest average soluble solids content at 11.2%, which was greater than all entries with soluble solids less than 10%.
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Babiker, Ahmed, Chris W. Bower, Sarah W. Satola, Jesse T. Jacob, and Michael H. Woodworth. "787. Clinical and Genomic Epidemiology of mcr-9 Containing Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales Isolates in Metropolitan Atlanta, 2012-2017." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.984.
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Abstract Background Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic for multidrug resistant gram-negative infections. Recently, a new allele of the mobile colistin resistance (mcr) gene family designated mcr-9, has been reported. However, its clinical and phenotypic significance remains unclear. Methods The Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention-funded Georgia Emerging Infections Program (EIP) performs population- and laboratory- based surveillance for CRE isolated from sterile sites or urine in metropolitan Atlanta, GA including standardized chart abstraction. We queried genomes of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) for mcr-9 from a convenience sample of Georgia EIP clinical isolates between 2012-2017. Isolates underwent phenotypic characterization by broth microdilution and population analysis profiling. Nine available E. cloacae (two mcr-9 positive, seven mcr-9 negative) genomes from the National Institutes of Health were included in downstream genomic analysis. Fastq files underwent de novo assembly, annotation and AMR and virulence gene prediction, pan-genome association analysis, pairwise comparisons of average nucleotide identity and phylogenetic tree construction based on core genes. We compared characteristics and outcomes of mcr-9 positive and negative CRE cases. Results Among 449 sequenced CRE genomes, thirteen (2.9%) were found to harbor mcr-9, all of which were E. cloacae. Fourteen mcr-9 negative E. cloacae (n=14) were included as a comparative group. E. cloacae was most commonly isolated from the urine (22/24, 86%), and none were community associated. The median colistin MIC, rates of heteroresistance and inducible resistance were similar between mcr-9 positive and negative isolates (Table 1). 90-day mortality was high in both mcr-9 positive (31%) and negative (7% cases (p=0.28, Table 1). Phylogenetic analysis revealed no geo-temporal clustering (Figure 1). Plasmid-associated genes were significantly associated with the presence of mcr-9 (p< 0.001). Phylogeny and average nucleotide identity heatmap of mcr-9 positive and mcr-9 negative E. cloacae. Figure Legend 1: Phylogeny and average nucleotide identity heatmap of mcr-9 positive (n=13) and mcr-9 negative (n=14) E. cloacae from Georgia Emerging Infection program in addition to 9 available E. cloacae (two mcr-9 positive, seven mcr-9 negative) from the National Institutes of Health. A phylogenetic tree based on a core gene alignment containing 1,904 genes defined using Roary v3.13.0. was generated using IQtree v2.0.3. A maximum likelihood tree was generated by running 1,000 bootstrap replicates under the generalized time-reversible model of evolution. The tree was visualized and annotated using Interactive Tree of Life (iTOL) v4. Pairwise comparisons of average nucleotide identity on the assembled genomes were performed with the Mashmap method using fastANI v1.32. Abbreviations: GA EIP: Georgia Emerging Infection Program, NIH: National Institutes of Health, Table 1: Carbapenem-resistant E. cloacae clinical and microbiological characteristics Conclusion The presence of mcr-9 was not associated with significant changes in colistin resistance or clinical outcomes. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Boyhan, George E., Suzzanne Tate, Ryan McNeill, and Jeffrey McConnaughey. "Evaluation of Tomato Varieties under Organic Production Practices in Georgia." HortTechnology 24, no. 2 (April 2014): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.2.252.
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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a popular crop among organic growers, particularly open-pollinated varieties; however, there is a lack of information evaluating these varieties in comparison with commercial F1 hybrids. This study was undertaken to compare conventionally produced commercial F1 tomato varieties available in the southeastern United States with open-pollinated varieties popular among organic growers. Nineteen tomato varieties were evaluated in 2011 and 2012 using the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Organic Program guidelines; however, the land used had not been in 3 years of organic production. Staked tomatoes were grown on plastic mulch. Data collected included early and total graded yield. In general, F1 hybrid, determinate or semideterminate varieties, had the best early and total yields compared with open-pollinated varieties. HSX 8115H and ‘Celebrity’ had the highest early total yield. ‘Costoluto Fiorentino’, an open-pollinated variety, also had good early total yield, but significantly less than HSX 8115H or ‘Celebrity’. ‘Costoluto Fiorentino’ was the only open-pollinated variety among the five highest yielding varieties for early total yield. In addition, ‘Celebrity’ had the greatest total yield of all the entries tested. All of the top five varieties for total yield were F1 hybrids and either determinate or semideterminate types. ‘Costoluto Fiorentino’ had total yield of 22,046 lb/acre, which was 14.3% lower than the lowest yielding variety in the top five yielding varieties. ‘Florida Pink’ had the largest average fruit weight, which also had the lowest total yield of all the entries. Although the open-pollinated varieties, popular among organic and local growers, yielded less than F1 hybrids, they may possess characteristics of color, flavor, or texture that are desired and were not evaluated in this study. This may be an opportunity for plant breeders to develop varieties desired by local organic growers that have unique characteristics, in addition to high yields and disease resistance.
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SHİRALİYEV, Museyib. "Language Policies Directed At Borchali and South Azerbaijan Turks and Mother Tongue Problem." Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies 2, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52241/tjds.2022.0045.
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Language is an important factor that constitutes national identity. Language policies have become a state structure that aims to unite peoples under state rule, as well as organize and reorganize their lives. The establishment of a political central authority that dominates the society’s thoughts through language is the most essential element of social construction processes in the new world order. This study examines the current situation of Azerbaijani Turkish in Borchali (Georgia) and South Azerbaijan (Iran) from socio-political and sociolinguistic perspectives. In this context, language policies, language planning and language rights, and monolingualism with its assimilationist characteristics, are included in the theoretical framework for the first part of this research. The second part explains the language policy implemented in Georgia and discusses the mother tongue education problems faced by minorities. Data on language policy practices in Iran, the position of Azerbaijani Turkish against the titular language, and the problems related to South Azerbaijan Turks’ right to education in their mother tongue are interpreted in the third part. In the last section, attention is drawn to the role of language policy in Azerbaijan’s multi-culturalism model, as a solution method for the aforementioned problems.
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Sokolov, Aleksandr. "Structure and dynamics of the population of Transcaucasia and Central Asia peoples diasporas in Belarus." Pskov Journal of Regional Studies, no. 3 (2023): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/s221979310025443-0.
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The article presents the results of studying the national diasporas of the largest peoples of Transcaucasia and Central Asia in Belarus — Georgians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Kazakhs, Tajiks. The dynamics of the urban and rural, male and female population of these nationalities, the number of men per 1000 women in 1959–2019, the ratio of the number in different regions of Belarus, the population structure by education level, marital status, linguistic characteristics and their dynamics between 2009 and 2019 population censuses, the structure of the population of these diasporas by employment status and characteristics of the main job in 2019 and its comparison with similar indicators for the entire population of Belarus are shown. Using cluster analysis, dendrograms showing the similarity of various diasporas in terms of basic characteristics were created. It has been established that the Turkmen diaspora is radically different from the rest in all characteristics, which is due to the fact that the vast majority of its representatives arrived in Belarus to receive an education. The characteristics of the Kazakh diaspora are closest to those of the entire population of Belarus. A sharp increase in the disproportion between men and women among the Transcaucasian peoples can be caused both by the arrival of mainly male population for economic reasons, and the tendency to identify girls in mixed families according to the titular ethnic group, and boys according to the diaspora ethnic group. The maximum relative increase in the number for the period 2009–2019 observed among the Turkmens (almost twice) and Tajiks, the number of Armenians, Azerbaijanis and Georgians also increased, the number of Kazakhs and Uzbeks decreased. In all diasporas, except for the Kazakhs, the share of ethnic languages as native ones increases with a corresponding decrease in the share of Russian and Belarusian languages. The share of ethnic languages as home languages continues to be relatively low — less than 20 % (except for the Turkmens, for whom it is more than 60 %).
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Abesadze, Nino, Ketevan Chitaladze, and Natalia Robitashvili. "TRENDS IN THE GROWTH OF DEMAND FOR MARINE TOURISM IN GEORGIA." ინოვაციური ეკონომიკა და მართვა 10, no. 2 (August 3, 2023): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46361/2449-2604.10.2.2023.240-247.
Full textAbstract:
Nino Abesadze
Email:nino.abesadze@tsu.ge
Associate Professor, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-2771
Ketevan Chitaladze
Email:ketevan.chitaladze@tsu.ge
Assistant Professor, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3403-6218
Natalia Robitashvili
Email:nato.robitashvili@bsu.edu.ge
Associate professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-6491
Abstract. Nowadays, tourism is a principal factor in the successful development of the country's national economy and business.
Indeed, marine tourism is not yet a priority among the types of tourism, and its percentage share is still low in the structure of tourism, however, its growing demand allows for optimal forecasting. Therefore, identifying opportunities for the development of marine tourism, characterizing the mood of the population, analyzing the factors affecting the development of marine tourism, etc. is relevant, and its research is objectively necessary.
The main goal of the study was to determine expectations for the development of cruise tourism in Georgia. Statistical observation, grouping and analysis methods were used in the research process.
It should be noted that cruise tourism is quite a big business. So big that according to a report by the International Association of Cruise Lines, the fastest growth rates in demand for cruise tours have been recorded since 2010. The secret of the attractiveness of cruise tours is the fact that tourists are satisfied with the structure of the services received during the tours, with a wide opportunity for self-realization for recreation, offering the best and most comprehensive environment for travel lover
In the research process, general, as well as specific statistical methods were used.
It should be noted that before the pandemic, the number of international visitors arriving in Georgia by sea transport was characterized by an increasing trend since 2015; In 2022, a 50% reduction compared to 2015 was recorded; The statistical characteristics of marine tourism were the highest in the year of the beginning of the pandemic, which significantly decreased in 2021-2022. 60% of the 350 respondents participating in the study were in the age group of 25-44 years. 71% of the respondents are employed. 68% of respondents prefer internal closed cabins; For example, the Genoa-Laspezia-Civitavecchia (Rome) - Palma de Mallorca-Barcelona-Cannes-Genoa, cruise proved to be in demand among the residents of Georgia. In the structure of tourist expenses, the expenditure on non-alcoholic drinks prevails. etc.
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Aslund, Anton. "To be or not to be a state? The alignment behaviours of Abkhazia and South Ossetia with Russia." Australian and New Zealand Journal of European Studies 15, no. 3 (May 15, 2024): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30722/anzjes.vol15.iss3.18241.
Full textAbstract:
This article presents an adaptation of Kuik's hedging theory to analyse the secessionist movements in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, both seeking independence from Georgia with Russian support. By examining their distinctive strategies, this study addresses the extent to which these regions seek to maintain their independence from Russia, as their patron state. The article argues for the need to modify hedging theory to accommodate the unique context of former Soviet actors and de facto states. The adaptation develops the concept of a "political hedge," with a focus on elite-driven nation-building as a mechanism to influence the likelihood of Russian integration. Abkhazia is identified as an illustrative case of hedging behaviour, whereas South Ossetia displays characteristics resembling but distinct from bandwagoning. This analysis contributes to refining the applicability of hedging theory within novel political environments and underscores the significance of elite-led nation-building in shaping state and national legitimacy in secessionist regions.
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Sheishekeeva, Gulnara, Kunatbek Smanaliev, Zulaika Sydykova, Avakan Ulan uulu, and Kyal Toktomambetova. "Peculiarities of the formation and application of the institute of diversion (diverting) of children from criminal justice in the Kyrgyz Republic." Social Legal Studios 7, no. 1 (February 23, 2024): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32518/sals1.2024.124.
Full textAbstract:
Ensuring the rights and interests of juveniles involved in criminal activities is one of the priority tasks of the criminal justice system, but deprivation of liberty continues to be the most common punishment for children. The purpose of the study presented in this article is to determine the specifics of diversion (diverting) of juveniles from criminal justice and to consider the peculiarities of this legal institution in the justice system of the Kyrgyz Republic. The research employed both general scientific and specific legal methodologies, including logical-semantic, dialectical, abstract-logical, system-functional, historical, system-structural, comparative legal, and information legal methods. The study included consideration of the concept of diversion (diverting) of children from criminal justice, its difference from similar institutions (probation). The factors that determine the need for the earliest possible diversion (diverting) of a child from criminal justice, due to his or her age-related psychophysiological characteristics, were identified. International standards in the field of protecting children, particularly those related to the practice of diverting children from the criminal justice system, are considered. The main aspects of implementing international law on diversion of children within Kyrgyzstanʼs legal framework are identified and analyzed, alongside an examination of relevant provisions in national legislation. Drawing from the experiences of countries like Poland and Georgia, which have successfully implemented this legal mechanism, areas for potential improvement in the regulatory framework are identified. These include defining characteristics of the diversion process such as applicable stages, eligible offenses and age criteria for offenders, as well as the integration of mediation alongside diversion practices. Based on the results of the study, amendments to the national legislation of Kyrgyzstan are proposed, which can be used in the process of drafting bills to improve national legislation on juvenile justice and justice for
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Rose, L. S., J. A. Stallins, and M. L. Bentley. "Concurrent Cloud-to-Ground Lightning and Precipitation Enhancement in the Atlanta, Georgia (United States), Urban Region." Earth Interactions 12, no. 11 (August 1, 2008): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008ei265.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This study explores how the Atlanta, Georgia (United States), urban region influences warm-season (May through September) cloud-to-ground lightning flashes and precipitation. Eight years (1995–2003) of flashes from the National Lightning Detection Network and mean accumulated precipitation from the North American Regional Reanalysis model were mapped under seven different wind speed and direction combinations derived from cluster analysis. Overlays of these data affirmed a consistent coupling of lightning and precipitation enhancement around Atlanta. Maxima in precipitation and lightning shifted in response to changes in wind direction. Differences in the patterns of flash metrics (flash counts versus thunderstorm counts), the absence of any strong urban signal in the flashes of individual thunderstorms, and the scales over which flashes and precipitation enhancement developed are discussed in light of their support for land-cover- and aerosol-based mechanisms of urban weather modification. This study verifies Atlanta’s propensity to conjointly enhance cloud-to-ground lightning and precipitation production in the absence of strong synoptic forcing. However, because of variability in aerosol characteristics and the dynamics of land use change, it may be a simplification to assume that this observed enhancement will be persistent across all scales of analysis.
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Akhmetgareeva, O. F. "Ways to Create a Negative Image of Russia in Georgia's Political Discourse." Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Linguistics and Pedagogy 13, no. 2 (November 8, 2023): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-151x-2023-13-2-73-81.
Full textAbstract:
The importance of this study due to the direct linkage of such issues to the priority directions of development of modern anthropocentric and functionally oriented linguistics that contributes to scientific interest in the study of language and issues of speech influence on the consciousness of individuals, including the explicit form of exposure. This article discusses some ways of creating the image of Russia in political discourse of modern Georgia in interstate conflict that is actively used in information war and implemented by the use of the tactic of creating an enemy image, which appears to be the highest form of discrediting Russia's image. The paper highlights the features of the functioning of language tools used in the technology of demonization of the enemy, taking into account factors such as the situation of communication, its characteristics. Proper use of methods of speech influence, their expressive capabilities helps to achieve the desired result. This study is relevant for specialists engaged in the study of discourse, national and linguistic and cultural features of political discourse, as well as for those interested in ways to create negative images of the likely enemy of the mass addressee.
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Edge, Adam C., Jacalyn P. Rosenberger, Cheyenne J. Yates, Andrew R. Little, Charlie H. Killmaster, Kristina L. Johannsen, David A. Osborn, John C. Kilgo, Karl V. Miller, and Gino J. D’Angelo. "White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawn survival and the influence of landscape characteristics on fawn predation risk in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, USA." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (August 31, 2023): e0288449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288449.
Full textAbstract:
In the Southern Appalachian region of the United States, harvest data has indicated the occurrence of low deer densities while exposing a trend of declining white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations over the past several decades in northern Georgia. A triumvirate of increasing fawn predator populations reside in the Southern Appalachian Mountains including coyotes (Canis latrans), black bears (Ursus americanus) and bobcats (Lynx rufus). This region is also characterized by a homogenous landscape composed of mature forests and sparse understory vegetation, likely lacking adequate cover to offer fawns refugia from predators. Our objectives were to estimate survival and cause-specific mortality rates of fawns while assessing a possible link between mortality risk, intrinsic fawn characteristics (i.e., birth mass, Julian birth date, sibling status), and landscape features within fawn usage areas. During 2018–2020, we radio-collared 71 fawns within the Chattahoochee National Forest of northern Georgia, USA and monitored survival to 12 weeks of age. We observed low fawn survival (cumulative = 0.157, 95% CI = 0.091–0.273; vaginal implant transmitter = 0.196, 95% CI = 0.096–0.403) with predation as the leading cause of all known mortalities (45 of 55 mortalities; 82%) due primarily to coyotes (n = 22), black bears (n = 12), and bobcats (n = 7). Relationships between landscape features and fawn predation risk were minimal with only one informative covariate. Increasing amounts of early successional land cover within fawn usage areas decreased fawn mortality risk within the first 20 days of life, but elevated mortality risk thereafter. All fawns with any amount of early successional land cover in their usage areas died of predation (n = 13) at various time intervals, suggesting limited areas of potential fawning cover may be targeted by predators. However, fawn predation risk seemed to be high regardless of landscape covariates due to the limited number of surviving fawns. Coyote-caused mortality occurred over a longer period at a consistently higher magnitude than all other forms of mortality, indicating possible delayed prey-switching behavior and coyote predation as an important factor of fawn survival. The low recruitment of fawns influenced by high predation rates and homogenous habitat conditions is likely the cause of deer population declines in the region.
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Soucie, J. M., and W. M. McClellan. "Early death in dialysis patients: risk factors and impact on incidence and mortality rates." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 7, no. 10 (October 1996): 2169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v7102169.
Full textAbstract:
Patients who die within the first 90 days after beginning dialysis are not included in mortality rates and may be absent from incidence counts. To identify factors associated with mortality within 3 months of the initiation of dialysis for ESRD and to estimate the impact of early deaths on ESRD incidence and mortality rates, this study investigated 15,245 patients who began dialysis in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina over a 5-yr period. Data were collected by dialysis facility staff and reported to an ESRD registry. Six percent of all new patients died within 90 days of dialysis initiation (32% of all deaths occurring in the first year of treatment). Characteristics independently associated with increased risk of early death included older age, white race, male gender, physical and nutritional impairment, smoking, and the presence of cancer, congestive heart failure, clinical depression, and history of myocardial infarction. Depending on race-gender group, age-adjusted mortality rates based on this cohort were underestimated by 3 to 12% when patients who died early were excluded. These results suggest that certain patient characteristics-some potentially modifiable-confer increased risk of early death, and that the systematic exclusion of patients who die early from the U.S. national registry substantially influences ESRD mortality rates.
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Hrytsyshen, Dymytrii, Iryna Hrabchuk, Oleksandr Hrabchuk, Valentyna Ksendzuk, and Serhii Lysak. "An Assessment of Financial Monitoring Systems: Ukrainian and Foreign Experience." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 27, no. 2 (June 28, 2024): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.27.17.
Full textAbstract:
The study characterizes financial monitoring as part of the system for preventing and counteracting the legalization of income and the financing of terrorism. The purpose of the research is to study the experience of how national financial monitoring systems function (in the UK, USA, China, Georgia, Moldova, Pakistan, Poland and Ukraine) in order to determine development directions and identify implementation opportunities in domestic practice. The research methods include induction, analysis and synthesis, static, comparative and graphical methods. The research methodology is based on the analysis of official static data and information materials from the official websites of international organizations and competent national authorities. The article analyzes the statistical data of the state bodies of Ukraine in terms of their activities in the field of combating the financing of terrorism. It also constructs profiles to assess the effectiveness of anti‑money laundering systems as well as the handling of proceeds of crime and financing of terrorism in a number of countries, following the FATF (Financial Action Task Force) methodology. The results demonstrate that all national financial monitoring systems must comply with the requirements of the FATF. However, it is also necessary to consider the national characteristics of each country. Directions for further improvement of the financial monitoring system in Ukraine have been identified, i.e., enhance international cooperation, prevent the use of legal entities and organizations for criminal purposes, improve investigation and prosecution procedures for money laundering, especially considering international assistance received in the fight against Russian aggression, review investigation procedures and criminal prosecution in financing terrorism, and apply financial sanctions for the financing of terrorism.
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Barber, Lauren E., Maret L. Maliniak, Leah Moubadder, Dayna A. Johnson, Jasmine M. Miller-Kleinhenz, Jeffrey M. Switchenko, Kevin C. Ward, and Lauren E. McCullough. "Neighborhood Deprivation and Breast Cancer Mortality Among Black and White Women." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 6 (June 12, 2024): e2416499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.16499.
Full textAbstract:
ImportanceNeighborhood deprivation has been associated with increased breast cancer mortality among White women, but findings are inconsistent among Black women, who experience different neighborhood contexts. Accounting for interactions among neighborhood deprivation, race, and other neighborhood characteristics may enhance understanding of the association.ObjectiveTo investigate whether neighborhood deprivation is associated with breast cancer mortality among Black and White women and whether interactions with rurality, residential mobility, and racial composition, which are markers of access, social cohesion, and segregation, respectively, modify the association.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study used Georgia Cancer Registry (GCR) data on women with breast cancer diagnosed in 2010 to 2017 and followed-up until December 31, 2022. Data were analyzed between January 2023 and October 2023. The study included non-Hispanic Black and White women with invasive early-stage (I-IIIA) breast cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2017 and identified through the GCR.ExposuresThe Neighborhood Deprivation Index (NDI), assessed in quintiles, was derived through principal component analysis of 2011 to 2015 block group–level American Community Survey (ACS) data. Rurality, neighborhood residential mobility, and racial composition were measured using Georgia Public Health Department or ACS data.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was breast cancer–specific mortality identified by the GCR through linkage to the Georgia vital statistics registry and National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the association between neighborhood deprivation and breast cancer mortality.ResultsAmong the 36 795 patients with breast cancer (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 60.3 [13.1] years), 11 044 (30.0%) were non-Hispanic Black, and 25 751 (70.0%) were non-Hispanic White. During follow-up, 2942 breast cancer deaths occurred (1214 [41.3%] non-Hispanic Black women; 1728 [58.7%] non-Hispanic White women). NDI was associated with an increase in breast cancer mortality (quintile 5 vs 1, HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.19-1.55) in Cox proportional hazards models. The association was present only among non-Hispanic White women (quintile 5 vs 1, HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.21-1.79). Similar race-specific patterns were observed in jointly stratified analyses, such that NDI was associated with increased breast cancer mortality among non-Hispanic White women, but not non-Hispanic Black women, irrespective of the additional neighborhood characteristics considered.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, neighborhood deprivation was associated with increased breast cancer mortality among non-Hispanic White women. Neighborhood racial composition, residential mobility, and rurality did not explain the lack of association among non-Hispanic Black women, suggesting that factors beyond those explored here may contribute to breast cancer mortality in this racial group.
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Bath, Philip MW, Jason P. Appleton, Maia Beridze, Hanne Christensen, Robert A. Dineen, Lelia Duley, Timothy J. England, et al. "Baseline characteristics of the 3096 patients recruited into the ‘Triple Antiplatelets for Reducing Dependency after Ischemic Stroke’ trial." International Journal of Stroke 12, no. 5 (November 4, 2016): 524–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493016677988.
Full textAbstract:
Background The risk of recurrence following ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack is highest immediately after the event. Antiplatelet agents are effective in reducing the risk of recurrence and two agents are superior to one in the early phase after ictus. Design The triple antiplatelets for reducing dependency after ischemic stroke trial was an international multicenter prospective randomized open-label blinded-endpoint trial that assessed the safety and efficacy of short-term intensive antiplatelet therapy with three agents (combined aspirin, clopidogrel and dipyridamole) as compared with guideline treatment in acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. The primary outcome was stroke recurrence and its severity, measured using the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included recurrent vascular events, functional measures (cognition, disability, mood, quality of life), and safety (bleeding, death, serious adverse events). Data are number (%) or mean (standard deviation, SD). Results Recruitment ran from April 2009 to March 2016; 3096 patients were recruited from 106 sites in four countries (Denmark 1.6%, Georgia 2.7%, New Zealand 0.2%, UK 95.4%). Randomization characteristics included: age 69.0 (10.1) years; male 1945 (62.8%); time onset to randomization 29.4 (11.9) h; stroke severity (National Institutes for Health Stroke Scale) 2.8 (3.6); blood pressure 143.5 (18.2)/79.5 (11.4) mmHg; IS 2143 (69.2%), transient ischemic attack 953 (30.8%). Conclusion Triple antiplatelets for reducing dependency after ischemic stroke was a large trial of intensive/triple antiplatelet therapy in acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack, and included participants from four predominantly Caucasian countries who were representative of patients in many western stroke services.
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Liashenko, V., and Iе Chebotarov. "The World Experience of Post-War Recovery: the Dialectic of Implementation and Adaptation in Ukraine." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 3 (73) (2023): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2023-3(73)-122-131.
Full textAbstract:
The post-war recovery policy of Ukraine, the development of which takes on the characteristics of one of the most important prerequisites for ensuring national economic security, its epistemological premise contains a generalization of the experience of other countries that faced similar civilizational challenges. The purpose of the article is to understand the initial basic institutional and organizational management principles of the Marshall Plan and the experience of the postwar development of the countries of Western Europe, the Indo-Pacific subregion, the Middle East, the Western Balkans, and Georgia in order to determine the conditions and prospects for adapting their approaches and mechanisms in Ukraine in the context further development of the foundations of the state policy of post-war reconstruction. At the same time, the definition of the original category "state policy of post-war economic recovery" of Ukraine in a limited sense can be stated as follows. This is a set of basic theoretical provisions, organizational and management measures and regulatory mechanisms aimed at ensuring the socio-economic development of the country in post-war conditions. Based on a combination of institutional, economic, scientific and technical, nature protection, and purely military features, it is recognized that it is especially necessary to take into account the experience of the following countries and subregions: West Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy, as the countries - the largest recipients of the "Marshall Plan"; countries of the Indo-Pacific subregion (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam), based on their special scientific and technological achievements; Israel - taking into account a number of similar features of Ukraine with it regarding the vital activities of the state and society at the post-war stage; countries of the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro) based on the common problems of Ukraine in the context of implementation of the European integration course; Georgia - based on a set of common institutional and military conditions. Summarizing the experience of post-war recovery on the example of these ten countries and the Western Balkans subregion for more than seventy-five years following the Second World War and seven more local wars, made it possible to determine the essential content of those characteristics of recovery measures, the adaptation of which is useful for Ukraine, and those characteristics that Ukraine should not assume.
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Halytsia, Ihor, Oleksii Oleksiuk, Olha Prokopenko, Giorgi Abashidze, and Tamara Berezianko. "THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND STRATEGIC REGULARITIES OF MANAGEMENT AND COMPETITIVENESS IMPROVEMENT OF ECONOMIC ENTITIES." ინოვაციური ეკონომიკა და მართვა 10, no. 1 (June 7, 2023): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46361/2449-2604.10.1.2023.40-47.
Full textAbstract:
Ihor Halytsia
E-mail: igalica@ukr.net
Doctor of Economics , Full Professor of National University of Food Technologies
Kyiv, Ukraine
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-5743
Oleksii Oleksiuk
E-mail:oleksiuk@kneu.edu.ua
Doctor of Economics, Full Professor of Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman
Kyiv, Ukraine
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3407-6201
Olha Prokopenko
E-mail: prokopenko.olha.w@gmail.com
Doctor of Economics, Full Professor Sumy State Makarenko Pedagogical University
Sumy, Ukraine
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-478X
Giorgi Abashidze
E-mail: g.abashidze@bntu.edu.ge
Assistant of Batumi Navigation Teaching University
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3233-6890
Tamara Berezianko
E-mail: E-mail: tvb-nuft@i.ua
Doctor of Economics, Full Professor National University of Food Technologies
Kyiv, Ukraine
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9228-4239
Abstract: A virtual intellectual economy is being formed due to the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The main characteristics of this economy are the virtualization of the whole social and economic life, an increase in the share of intellectual spheres of economic management in the real economy, intellectualization of mainly non-intellectual spheres of economic management. The development of the virtual-intellectual economy transforms the management of socio-economic systems and, first of all, of economic entities. New regularities of enterprise management emerge acceleration of the impact of the subject of activity on the object of activity, the impact of the subject of management activity on the object of management activity and event-driven management densification.
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Prodanchuk, M. G., O. P. Kravchuk, N. V. Kurdil, V. A. Raks, V. S. Mikhailov, and P. V. Aleinov. "Reference Centre for Identification and Control of Chemicals: Role and Place in the National System of Chemical Safety." Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects 89, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2020-89-2-14-19.
Full textAbstract:
In 2014 Ukraine accepted the OSCE proposal to develop an Integrated Chemical Safety and Security Program in Ukraine (ICSSP) aiming to develop a collaborative framework between the Ukrainian partners, the OSCE and the international partners for an effective and coordinated actions to ensure chemical safety and security. The main goal of the ICSSP program is to improve Ukraine’s ability to prevent, prepare for and respond to inappropriate handling of chemicals.Effective chemical safety will help to increase the level of protection of chemical materials, associated facilities and vehicles. ICSSP also had to ensure the implementation of modern solutions and coordinated approaches to strengthen the protection of critical infrastructure in Ukraine. A comprehensive review, conducted as the first step in the implementation of ICSSP, showed that the program should be aimed at introducing national activities in the field of chemical safety by a wide range of national authorities with a focus on the development of legislative and administrative measures for the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 in the chemical industry. Realization of the program objectives will provide: — creating a national (regional) Reference Centre for Identification and Control of Chemicals, able to make expert conclusions regarding hazardous chemicals and precursors quickly and reliably; — expanding opportunities to detect chemicals, conduct toxicological studies, including for the purpose of export control and forensic investigations, and the possibility to clarify the nature and characteristics of “unknown” chemicals; — improving capabilities of regional network of chemical analytical laboratories to identify toxic chemicals and ability to conduct joint research, as well as to train laboratory personnel and to exchange good laboratory practices. The National Reference Centre can serve as a model laboratory and national (regional) training platform for the dissemination of knowledge and best practices.It can help to solve regional problems, because the neighbouring countries Moldova, Georgia, Azerbaijan and even some EU countries also need such assistance. Key Words: chemical safety, Reference Centre, preventive toxicology.
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Ford, William M., A. Sydney Johnson, Philip E. Hale, and James M. Wentworth. "Influences of Forest Type, Stand Age, and Weather on Deer Weights and Antler Size in the Southern Appalachians." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 21, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/21.1.11.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract We analyzed correlations of forest type, age structure, and site index data with weights and antler characteristics of yearling white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) bucks from specific localities in the Chattahoochee, Cherokee, Nantahala, and Pisgah national forests in Georgia, Tennessee, and North Carolina. Areas in the northern part of the study region produced larger deer with larger antlers than those in the southern portion of the region. These northern areas differed from those to the south in having more diverse ownership and land use and in origins of deer stock. Weights and antler characteristics were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with percent area in the cove hardwood type, but otherwise were poorly correlated with forest stand type and site index. Percent area in young (0-8 yr old) cove hardwood and in mid-successional (9-20 and 21-40) cove hardwood, pine (Pinus spp.), and upland oak (Quercus spp.) were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with deer variables, particularly in years following a poor mast crop. Much of the quantifiable habitat influences on deer in the Southern Appalachians probably is masked by low deer densities and the small site quality differences among areas examined. Because much of the forest consists of mature mast-producing oaks and abundant forage is produced in both mature and younger aged stands, deer numbers seem to be below any threshold of quantifiable effects due to forest stand age structure. South. J. Appl. For. 21(1):11-18.
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Coyle, David R., Brittany F. Barnes, Kier D. Klepzig, Frank H. Koch, Lawrence A. Morris, John T. Nowak, William J. Otrosina, William D. Smith, and Kamal J. K. Gandhi. "Abiotic and Biotic Factors Affecting Loblolly Pine Health in the Southeastern United States." Forest Science 66, no. 2 (August 26, 2019): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz054.
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Abstract Southern pine forests are important fiber and wood sources, and critical to local, regional, and national economies in the United States. Recently, certain areas of southern pine forests, especially those dominated by loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), have been reported to exhibit abnormally high levels of tree dieback and mortality. However, causal agents either have not been well defined or are controversial in their impacts on tree health. We assessed various abiotic (e.g., slope, aspect, soil characteristics) and biotic (e.g., tree species, stand characteristics, presence of root fungi) factors in 37 healthy (asymptomatic) and unhealthy (symptomatic) sites to elucidate specific factors affecting loblolly pine health in Alabama and Georgia. Soil nutrient content did not differ statistically between healthy and unhealthy sites, but manganese contents were slightly greater, and nitrogen and carbon contents were slightly lower in healthy sites. Unhealthy sites did have a higher silt content than did healthy sites. Pine stems and basal area were greater on unhealthy than on healthy sites, whereas opposite trends were observed for the incidence of stem cankers and mechanical damage. An increased incidence of the root fungal pathogen Heterobasidion irregulare, the causal agent of Heterobasidion root disease, was found on unhealthy sites, but incidence of Leptographium spp. did not differ between the two site types. Thus, soil attributes, stand structure, and management history seem to be the most critical factors affecting loblolly pine health, at least at the local level. Further, some of these factors may be improved through appropriate silvicultural techniques, emphasizing the importance of silviculture in maintaining pine health throughout the southern region.
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Balkan, Em, Gray Babbs, Theresa Shireman, Jaclyn Hughto, and David Meyers. "RECEIPT OF GENDER-AFFIRMING SURGERY AMONG MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1361.
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Abstract While transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people may never seek treatment related to their gender identity, many require access to gender-affirming treatments, including surgery. Starting in 2014, Medicare began covering gender-affirming surgery (GAS) on a case-by-case basis. In this study, we use national Medicare data to compare receipt of GAS by beneficiary characteristics. We classified TGD beneficiaries using an algorithm that combines diagnosis and procedure codes. Our study compared characteristics for all TGD identified beneficiaries and those who received GAS using a population-averaged logistic model using a generalized estimating equation (GEE) adjusting for dual status, age group, race/ethnicity, original reason for entitlement, and CMS region. Our sample accounted for 49,945 observations for 11,162 individuals, with a total of 290 identified records of GAS. In our adjusted analysis, we found that TGD beneficiaries in certain parts of the country had lower odds of GAS compared to their counterparts. Compared to CMS Region 1 (which includes Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont), those living in Region 3 (Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia), Region 4 (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee), and Region 6 (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas) had a significantly lower odds of receiving GAS. Access to gender-affirming care may be influenced by CMS regional contractors, as well as state-by-state variation in Medicaid coverage for gender-affirming care. Further research is needed to explain why beneficiaries may have lower access to GAS to inform policy recommendations.
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Virsaladze, Naira, and Mavlina Kipiani. "CENSUS OF POPULACION – THE IMPORTANT TOOLS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MONITORING." Economic Profile 19, no. 1(27) (June 20, 2024): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/ep.2024.27.08.
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Among the global problems in the world, one of the important topics is the demographic situation. Basic and accurate parameters of the demographic situation are collected during the census, that is why the general population census is an event of national importance. Like the rest of the world, population censuses in Georgia have a centuries-old history. The frequency and main characteristics of the censuses were conducted at different times with different purposes and interests. It is based on the methodology developed by the United Nations and is conducted in accordance with unified, standard and normative indicators. The introduction of a whole series of innovations is designed for sustainable development in accordance with the task of the 2030 agenda. The use of census data shows us that the role and importance of censuses in the modern global world has grown even more. The "Recommendations of the Conference of European Statisticians for the 2020 Round of the Population and Housing Census", which was prepared by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) for the 2015 round, is particularly noteworthy. The recommendations addressed such important aspects of the population census as data privacy and security, legislation, definitions of terms, phases of the census, publication and dissemination of results, quality assurance and quality management, and technologies used in the census process. Along with the given recommendations, the document focuses on the list of data that countries should receive in the 2020 round of population and housing census, namely: population, its geographical, demographic and economic characteristics; Agriculture, education, migration, ethno-cultural characteristics, disabilities, household and family characteristics and housing characteristics. The census of 2024 will provide us with important and versatile information, which is necessary to assess the demographic situation in the country, to clearly see the existing problems and challenges. The new population census methodology developed by the United Nations and, accordingly, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFDA) includes a number of innovations in the census questionnaire, which deals with immigration status, disabilities, type of marriage and marriage registration. The introduction of innovations is designed for sustainable development in accordance with the task of the 2030 agenda.
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Ibrahimov, Zohrab, Sakina Hajiyeva, Vuqar Nazarov, Azar Mazanov, and Jalil Baghirov. "Quality and Innovations in the Financial Reporting as a Way to Increase Attractiveness for Institutional Investors." Marketing and Management of Innovations 2, no. 1 (2022): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2022.2-22.
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At the present stage of global development there is a transition from understanding the financial statements of enterprises not only as a source of quantitative indicators of the company's development but also as a reputable tool for its reliability and readiness for transparent relations with counterparties. Investment decision-making has always been characterized by balancing profitability and reliability of capital investment. Accordingly, this requires increasing emphasis on the quality and complexity of companies' financial reporting, allowing you to maximize the amount of information provided to potential investors. The article aims to test the hypothesis about the impact of qualitative characteristics of financial reporting on the attractiveness of companies to investors. The study analyzes the evolution of financial reporting, the causes and consequences of innovative approaches to its preparation, and the dissemination of national and international standards. The second stage of the analysis involves modeling the impact of financial reporting and investment attractiveness of enterprises at the national level through economic and mathematical modeling (the specificity of the model is determined by testing the quantitative input data). According to the results of the study of financial reporting quality indicators, the general parameter is the strength of auditing and reporting standards, which the World Economic Forum assesses based on a survey of business leaders. Indicators of the country's investment attractiveness calculated by the World Bank's global statistical base were chosen as dependent variables. Calculations are performed on panel data for a sample of more than 20 countries (Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, Estonia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Morocco, Mexico, Mongolia, New Zealand, Romania, Turkey, United States) over ten years. The obtained results of calculations are the basis for finding ways to improve further the quality of financial and nonfinancial disclosure of companies to increase their competitiveness in the investment market.
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Alarcón Lavín, Roberto Rafael. "LA BIOPIRATERÍA DE LOS RECURSOS DE LA MEDICINA INDÍGENA TRADICIONAL EN EL ESTADO CHIAPAS, MÉXICO —El caso ICBG-MAYA—." Revista Pueblos y fronteras digital 5, no. 10 (December 1, 2010): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cimsur.18704115e.2010.10.149.
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Este artículo pretende un breve análisis de la biopiratería experimentada y resistida por parte de los pueblos mayas de Chiapas. Para ello se da cuenta de acuerdos y normas internacionales para la protección de los recursos y conocimientos de los pueblos indígenas; las bases económicas y características, en los ámbitos mundial y nacional, que dan la pauta para la nueva ola de proyectos de bioprospección de los recursos vegetales de la medicina indígena tradicional, dirigida por los países del norte hacia los del sur; algunas experiencias de su implantación en Sudamérica y otros países subdesarrollados; se explican los elementos más importantes del proyecto de bioprospección denominado «Investigación farmacéutica y uso sustentable del conocimiento etnobotánico y biodiversidad en la Región Maya de Los Altos de Chiapas, México», que fue operado por parte de El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Ecosur, la Universidad de Georgia —con apoyo económico del gobierno de Estados Unidos— y la compañía biotecnológica molecular Nature Limited de Gales, Reino Unido; por último, se describe la lucha que llevó a cabo el Consejo de Médicos y Parteras Indígenas Tradicionales de Chiapas, Compitch, para que fuera cancelado el mencionado proyecto, así como algunas propuestas alternativas de Compitch a este proyecto de biopiratería.
Palabras clave: , , .
ABSTRACTWith this paper i pretend to bring a brief analysis on how biopiracy has been experienced and manage by the Mayas of Chiapas. For this we have to mention agreements and international norms for the protection of the resources and knowledge of original people; economical background and its characteristics in the international and national level, which give the pattern for the new wave of bioprospective projects on vegetal resources used in indigenous medicine, directed from de north to the south countries; some experiences of it in South America and other undeveloped countries: the explanation of most relevant elements of the project ICBG-Maya, operated by El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Ecosur, Georgia University —with the support of the government of the United States— and biotechnology laboratory Molecular Nature Limited form Whales, UK; in the last term we describe the struggle that the Consejo de Médicos y Parteras Indígenas Tradicionales de Chiapas, Compitch, to evict the project and some alternative proposals.
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Alcantara, Iris, Regine Haardörfer, Julie A. Gazmararian, Terry J. Hartman, Brenda Greene, and Michelle C. Kegler. "Relative validation of fruit and vegetable intake and fat intake among overweight and obese African-American women." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 11 (November 21, 2014): 1932–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014002547.
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AbstractObjectiveTo compare commonly used dietary screeners for fat intake and fruit and vegetable intake with 24 h dietary recalls among low-income, overweight and obese African-American women.DesignThree telephone interviews were completed; measures included two 24 h dietary recalls (a weekday and weekend day) using the Nutrition Data System for Research software, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System’s (BRFSS) Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Module and the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Percentage Energy from Fat Screener.SettingParticipants were recruited from three federally qualified health centres in south-west Georgia, USA.SubjectsParticipants (n 260) were African-American women ranging in age from 35 to 65 years. About half were unemployed (49·6 %) and 58·7 % had a high-school education or less. Most were obese (88·5 %), with 39·6 % reporting a BMI≥40·0 kg/m2.ResultsMean fruit and vegetable intake reported from the 24 h dietary recall was 2·66 servings/d compared with 2·79 servings/d with the BRFSS measure. The deattenuated Pearson correlation was 0·22, with notable variation by weight status, education level and age. Mean percentage of energy from fat was 35·5 % as reported from the 24 h dietary recall, compared with 33·0 % as measured by the NCI fat screener. The deattenuated Pearson correlation was 0·38, also with notable variation by weight status, education level and age.ConclusionsValidity of brief dietary intake measures may vary by demographic characteristics of the sample. Additional measurement work may be needed to accurately measure dietary intake in obese African-American women.