Academic literature on the topic 'Georgian Primary Sources'
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Journal articles on the topic "Georgian Primary Sources"
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QOCA MƏMMƏDLİ, Gülnara. "MADRASAH ALIYYE IN TBILISI (1847–1919)." EUROASIA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 8, no. 3 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.38064/eurssh.138.
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Georgia, being a generally recognized landmark of the Caucasus, attracts Turkey's and Azerbaıjan's attention both because of its strategic border neighborhood and because hundreds of thousands of Azerbaijanis and representatives of other Turkic-Muslim communities live in it. Islam is the most widespread religion in the country after Christianity. The Georgian land preserves the centuries-old history of Islamic civilization and the rich heritage of Islamic education, the traditions of madrasahs and mektebs. The purpose of this article is to highlight the activities of the spiritual madrasah Aliyye (for Shias) in 1847–1919 in the capital of Georgia, Tbilisi, as an example of Islamic education in the country. The main primary sources of research are the materials of the Central Historical Archives at the National Archives of Georgia in Russian, Georgian and Azerbaijani. Important facts obtained using the method of analyzing archival information on this issue were studied, classified and evaluated from a scientific and pedagogical point of view. The article concludes that the close centuries-old contacts of Georgia with the Islamic world, playing the role of a corridor between Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan, contributed to the integration of religions, civilizations here, as well as the development of Islamic teachings and education. Scientific research of this problem is of great importance in the context of interfaith and intercultural relations.
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Glynias, Joe. "Byzantine Monasticism on the Black Mountain West of Antioch in the 10th-11th Centuries." Studies in Late Antiquity 4, no. 4 (2020): 408–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sla.2020.4.4.408.
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This article sheds light on a hitherto unexplored phenomenon that alters our picture of Byzantine monasticism: the monastic culture of the Black Mountain outside Antioch. From 969-1084, the Black Mountain thrived as a destination for a variety of Chalcedonian monks: Greek-speaking Romans, Arabic-speaking Melkites, Georgians, and Armenians. I illustrate the prosperity of monastic life on the Black Mountain, the scholarly activity flourishing in and between languages, and the networks connecting the mountain to monasteries inside and outside of Byzantium. In this paper, I examine three bodies of source material: manuscripts produced at the Black Mountain, texts produced by its scholars, and the letters of Nikon of the Black Mountain. Colophons in Greek, Arabic, Syriac, and Georgian manuscripts display the active scribal culture of these monasteries. Scholars centered at St. Symeon produced scores of translations from Greek into Arabic and Georgian that illustrate the lasting impact of this multilingual intellectual atmosphere. Nikon’s letters provide the basis for a cultural history of Antiochene monasticism. From these and other sources, I show that the Black Mountain was a major hub in middle Byzantine monastic networks. At the same time when Athos was assuming a primary role in the western Orthodox monastic world, the Black Mountain was performing a similar function in the east.
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Fleming, Simon D. I. "The Howgill Family: A Dynasty of Musicians from Georgian Whitehaven." Nineteenth-Century Music Review 10, no. 1 (2013): 57–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409813000049.
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It has been often observed that Georgian Britain was alive with musical activity, and that London was one of the most important musical hubs in Europe. Most of Britain's important provincial centres were well connected to the capital by road or sea, and this helped facilitate the spread of the latest musical ideas around the country. The west Cumberland town of Whitehaven is situated over three hundred miles from London by road and, at the time, was isolated from the rest mainland Britain by the surrounding fells of the Lake District. Nevertheless, by the end of the eighteenth century Whitehaven had grown into one of Britain's most important ports and had a musical life that rivalled that at any other major town in the country.Musical life in Whitehaven was dominated by the Howgill family. William Howgill senior was appointed organist of St Nicholas’ Church in 1756 and set himself up there as music teacher and concert promoter. Here he raised a family and was succeeded in his musical duties by his son, William Howgill junior. This article examines the Howgill family's musical activities in depth and explores their London connections. This research is based on the detailed study of primary sources including newspapers, but there has also been an effort to examine all of William Howgill junior's compositions. This study reveals that, despite Whitehaven's remote location, Howgill junior was well aware of the latest musical developments in the capital.
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NEX, JENNY, and LANCE WHITEHEAD. "MUSICAL INSTRUMENT MAKING IN GEORGIAN LONDON, 1753–1809: EVIDENCE FROM THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE OLD BAILEY AND THE MIDDLESEX SESSIONS OF THE PEACE." Eighteenth Century Music 2, no. 2 (2005): 251–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478570605000370.
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Throughout the Georgian period London was the most significant British centre for musical instrument manufacture. Traditionally, research in this area has focused on the surviving instruments themselves, thereby emphasizing those makers in charge of flourishing workshops and those who were in the habit of signing their products. By examining archival sources, however, it is possible to glean a more complete picture of musical instrument production, through the identification of ‘hidden’ makers unrepresented by extant instruments, the establishment of patterns of settlement and the highlighting of relationships between different builders.Two principal sources form the basis of this study: the online edition of the Proceedings of the Old Bailey and the Middlesex Sessions of the Peace Records. While these sources are an important record of crime and punishment, it is the unwitting testimony of the trials rather than the crimes, the legal procedures or the punishments that is the primary focus of this study. Indeed, since the trials enable the identification of people involved at all levels of the musical instrument trade, it is arguable that they provide one of the most significant means of establishing some of the processes characterizing the industry during the second half of the eighteenth century.
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TODUA, NUGZAR. "USING SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING FOR ATTRACTING FOREIGN TOURISTS TO GEORGIAN DESTINATIONS." Globalization and Business 4, no. 7 (2019): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35945/gb.2019.07.005.
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At current stage business development cannot be imagined without social networks. The customers spend more and more time in social networks and get most part of the information from them. Therefore, for the companies, the social media is a powerful tool for attraction of clients and for competition. Usingthe social media marketing is particularly popular in tourism industry. Technological changes in mass media allow immediate distribution of information in the sphere of tourism. Reasonable using of social networks in tourism requires creative marketing approaches ensuring coverage of the target audience to maximal possible extent. Sites of social media became the primary source of information for the destination management organizations. Usually the tourists trust online information and before commencement of travel they visit the forums and online reviews, as well as specialized blogs. Hence, there is a close relationship between involvement of tourists’ social network sites and change in their behavior. Technological development and globalization of media creates new opportunities providing sharing the information between tourist consumers through blogs, web sites or destination sites. The destinations need creative and powerful social media marketing strategies to attract potential visitors. Social media helps the destinations to communicate with the visitors at relatively low costs and higher effectiveness than traditional communication methods. Social media, as an instrument for stimulation is used for the purposes of interactive marketing. Though, it is notable that there is a growing number of visitors, who use social media applications, creating new challenges in entire tourism industry. As social media plays a significant role in the activities of travel agencies, we found reasonable to find out the level of satisfaction of the foreign tourists with the activities of Georgian tourist companies in social media. Market research showed that of social media platforms, among the foreign tourists the most widespread is Facebook. 85.1% of the respondents use it. It is followed by YouTube (54.7%), Instagram (32.4%), Google+ (31.1%), Linkedin (29.9%), Twitter (27.2%) and MySpace (15.5%). 14% of the respondents use the other social networks (Pinterest, Tumblr, Flickr, Reddit, Ask.fin, Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki). Study demonstrated interest of the respondents to the information provided by the sites related to tourism, their trust and satisfaction. Analysis shows that the respondents are satisfied with the social media marketing offered by Georgian travel agencies to certain extent. As a result of our market study we can conclude that Georgia is an attractive destination for the foreign tourists. Therefore, the number of repeated visits to Georgia increases from year to year. In making choice of Georgian travel agencies, the foreign tourists basically rely on the information in social networks and word-of-mouth marketing. Though, interest, trust and satisfaction of the foreign customers to social media marketing offered by Georgian travel companies are at the average level. Therefore, foreign tourists evaluate media marketing activities conducted by Georgian tourist companies as average and this underlines insufficient activity of Georgian tourist companies in social networks. With the help of marketing research obtained levels of interest, reliability and satisfaction of foreign tourists in relationto social media marketing provided by Georgian destinations.On the basis of analysis of the research results statistically significant values were obtained that show influence of the activity, interest and reliability regarding to social media marketing provided by Georgian destinations on the foreign tourists’ satisfaction.In the work statistically significant value is also received reflecting the influence of the social media activity provided by Georgian destinations on buying behavior of foreign tourists’.
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TODUA, NUGZAR. "USING SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING FOR ATTRACTING FOREIGN TOURISTS TO GEORGIAN DESTINATIONS." Globalization and Business 4, no. 7 (2019): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35945/gb.2019.07.005.
Full textAbstract:
At current stage business development cannot be imagined without social networks. The customers spend more and more time in social networks and get most part of the information from them. Therefore, for the companies, the social media is a powerful tool for attraction of clients and for competition. Usingthe social media marketing is particularly popular in tourism industry. Technological changes in mass media allow immediate distribution of information in the sphere of tourism. Reasonable using of social networks in tourism requires creative marketing approaches ensuring coverage of the target audience to maximal possible extent. Sites of social media became the primary source of information for the destination management organizations. Usually the tourists trust online information and before commencement of travel they visit the forums and online reviews, as well as specialized blogs. Hence, there is a close relationship between involvement of tourists’ social network sites and change in their behavior. Technological development and globalization of media creates new opportunities providing sharing the information between tourist consumers through blogs, web sites or destination sites. The destinations need creative and powerful social media marketing strategies to attract potential visitors. Social media helps the destinations to communicate with the visitors at relatively low costs and higher effectiveness than traditional communication methods. Social media, as an instrument for stimulation is used for the purposes of interactive marketing. Though, it is notable that there is a growing number of visitors, who use social media applications, creating new challenges in entire tourism industry. As social media plays a significant role in the activities of travel agencies, we found reasonable to find out the level of satisfaction of the foreign tourists with the activities of Georgian tourist companies in social media. Market research showed that of social media platforms, among the foreign tourists the most widespread is Facebook. 85.1% of the respondents use it. It is followed by YouTube (54.7%), Instagram (32.4%), Google+ (31.1%), Linkedin (29.9%), Twitter (27.2%) and MySpace (15.5%). 14% of the respondents use the other social networks (Pinterest, Tumblr, Flickr, Reddit, Ask.fin, Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki). Study demonstrated interest of the respondents to the information provided by the sites related to tourism, their trust and satisfaction. Analysis shows that the respondents are satisfied with the social media marketing offered by Georgian travel agencies to certain extent. As a result of our market study we can conclude that Georgia is an attractive destination for the foreign tourists. Therefore, the number of repeated visits to Georgia increases from year to year. In making choice of Georgian travel agencies, the foreign tourists basically rely on the information in social networks and word-of-mouth marketing. Though, interest, trust and satisfaction of the foreign customers to social media marketing offered by Georgian travel companies are at the average level. Therefore, foreign tourists evaluate media marketing activities conducted by Georgian tourist companies as average and this underlines insufficient activity of Georgian tourist companies in social networks. With the help of marketing research obtained levels of interest, reliability and satisfaction of foreign tourists in relationto social media marketing provided by Georgian destinations.On the basis of analysis of the research results statistically significant values were obtained that show influence of the activity, interest and reliability regarding to social media marketing provided by Georgian destinations on the foreign tourists’ satisfaction.In the work statistically significant value is also received reflecting the influence of the social media activity provided by Georgian destinations on buying behavior of foreign tourists’.
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Sutton, J. N., S. C. Johannessen, and R. W. Macdonald. "A~nitrogen budget for the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 4 (2013): 7135–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-7135-2013.
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Abstract. Balanced budgets for dissolved inorganic N (DIN) and particulate N (PN) were constructed for the Strait of Georgia (SoG), a semi-enclosed coastal sea off the west coast of British Columbia, Canada. The dominant control on the N budget is the advection of DIN into and out of the SoG via Haro Strait. The annual influx of DIN by advection from the Pacific Ocean is 29 990 (±19 500)Mmol yr−1. The DIN flux advected out of the SoG is 24 300 (±15 500)Mmol yr−1. Most of the DIN that enters the SoG (∼23 400 Mmol yr−1) is converted to particulate N (PN) in situ by primary production. However, most of the PN produced by primary production is remineralized (∼22 000 Mmol yr−1) back into DIN within the top 50 m. The PN budget for the SoG was further constrained by nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N) that indicated regional differences in the source of PN. The southern Strait receives a much higher proportion of terrigenous PN, relative to marine PN, than does the northern Strait. The difference is due to the influence of the Fraser River, which discharges 1950 Mmol yr−1 of PN and 1660 Mmol yr−1 of DIN into the southern Strait. The overall anthropogenic contribution of PN and DIN to the SoG is minimal relative to natural sources (>30 000 Mmol yr−1). It is unlikely that the Strait will be affected by eutrophication in the near future, although anthropogenic N sources, such as wastewater outfalls, may have significant local effects.
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Schlosser, Christian, Katrin Schmidt, Alfred Aquilina, et al. "Mechanisms of dissolved and labile particulate iron supply to shelf waters and phytoplankton blooms off South Georgia, Southern Ocean." Biogeosciences 15, no. 16 (2018): 4973–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4973-2018.
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Abstract. The island of South Georgia is situated in the iron (Fe)-depleted Antarctic Circumpolar Current of the Southern Ocean. Iron emanating from its shelf system fuels large phytoplankton blooms downstream of the island, but the actual supply mechanisms are unclear. To address this, we present an inventory of Fe, manganese (Mn), and aluminium (Al) in shelf sediments, pore waters, and the water column in the vicinity of South Georgia, alongside data on zooplankton-mediated Fe cycling processes, and provide estimates of the relative dissolved Fe (DFe) fluxes from these sources. Seafloor sediments, modified by authigenic Fe precipitation, were the main particulate Fe source to shelf bottom waters as indicated by the similar Fe ∕ Mn and Fe ∕ Al ratios for shelf sediments and suspended particles in the water column. Less than 1 % of the total particulate Fe pool was leachable surface-adsorbed (labile) Fe and therefore potentially available to organisms. Pore waters formed the primary DFe source to shelf bottom waters, supplying 0.1–44 µmol DFe m−2 d−1. However, we estimate that only 0.41±0.26 µmol DFe m−2 d−1 was transferred to the surface mixed layer by vertical diffusive and advective mixing. Other trace metal sources to surface waters included glacial flour released by melting glaciers and via zooplankton egestion and excretion processes. On average 6.5±8.2 µmol m−2 d−1 of labile particulate Fe was supplied to the surface mixed layer via faecal pellets formed by Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), with a further 1.1±2.2 µmol DFe m−2 d−1 released directly by the krill. The faecal pellets released by krill included seafloor-derived lithogenic and authigenic material and settled algal debris, in addition to freshly ingested suspended phytoplankton cells. The Fe requirement of the phytoplankton blooms ∼ 1250 km downstream of South Georgia was estimated as 0.33±0.11 µmol m−2 d−1, with the DFe supply by horizontal/vertical mixing, deep winter mixing, and aeolian dust estimated as ∼0.12 µmol m−2 d−1. We hypothesize that a substantial contribution of DFe was provided through recycling of biogenically stored Fe following luxury Fe uptake by phytoplankton on the Fe-rich shelf. This process would allow Fe to be retained in the surface mixed layer of waters downstream of South Georgia through continuous recycling and biological uptake, supplying the large downstream phytoplankton blooms.
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Sutton, J. N., S. C. Johannessen, and R. W. Macdonald. "A nitrogen budget for the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, with emphasis on particulate nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen." Biogeosciences 10, no. 11 (2013): 7179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7179-2013.
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Abstract. Balanced budgets for dissolved inorganic N (DIN) and particulate N (PN) were constructed for the Strait of Georgia (SoG), a semi-enclosed coastal sea off the west coast of British Columbia, Canada. The dominant control on the N budget is the advection of DIN into and out of the SoG via Haro Strait. The annual influx of DIN by advection from the Pacific Ocean is 29 990 (±19 500) Mmol yr−1. The DIN flux advected out of the SoG is 24 300 (±15 500) Mmol yr−1. Most of the DIN that enters the SoG (~ 23 400 Mmol yr−1) is converted to particulate N (PN) in situ by primary production. However, most of the PN produced by primary production is remineralized (~ 22 000 Mmol yr−1) back into DIN within the top 50 m. The PN budget for the SoG was further constrained by nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N) that indicated regional differences in the source of PN. The southern strait receives a much higher proportion of terrigenous PN, relative to marine PN, than does the northern strait. The difference is due to the influence of the Fraser River, which discharges 1950 Mmol yr−1 of PN and 1660 Mmol yr−1 of DIN into the southern strait. The overall anthropogenic contribution of PN and DIN to the SoG is minimal relative to natural sources (> 30 000 Mmol yr−1). It is unlikely that the strait will be affected by eutrophication in the near future, although anthropogenic N sources, such as wastewater outfalls, may have significant local effects.
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Boyhan, George E., Juan Carlos Diaz-Perez, Chris Hopkins, Reid L. Torrance, and C. Randy Hill. "Direct Seeding Short-day Onions in Southeastern Georgia." HortTechnology 18, no. 3 (2008): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.18.3.349.
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Onions (Allium cepa) in southeastern Georgia are almost exclusively transplanted, with the associated high costs and labor requirements. This study was undertaken to evaluate direct-seeded onions as an alternative production method. This study evaluates variety, sowing date, and fertility on direct seeding short-day onions in southeastern Georgia. Sowing dates, early or mid-October (5 and 15 Oct. 2001 and 7 and 21 Oct. 2002), did not affect total, jumbo (≥3 inches diameter), or medium (≥2 inches and <3 inches diameter) yields. Late October sowing (29 Oct. 2001) did not produce sufficient stand or yield to warrant harvesting. Variety also had no affect on yield of direct-seeded onions. Seedstems (flowering), an undesirable characteristic, was significantly greater with the early October sowing date across all varieties compared with the mid- or late- October sowing dates. Neither variety nor sowing date significantly affected plant stand or plant spacing. Fertilization treatments of 150 or 195 lb/acre nitrogen (N) with various application timings and fertilizer sources did not affect total or medium yields. Jumbo yield was affected in only 1 year with calcium nitrate as the primary N source at 195 lb/acre total N having the highest yield, but did not differ from some treatments at 150 lb/acre N. In addition, fertilization treatments did not affect seedstems, plant stand, or plant spacing. Based on this study, we are recommending that growers should direct seed onions in southeastern Georgia in mid-October, plus or minus 1 week depending on field accessibility. In addition, current fertilizer recommendations for transplanted dry bulb onions should be followed, which includes 150 lb/acre N. This eliminates all of the cost and resources required for transplant production.
Books on the topic "Georgian Primary Sources"
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Chibirov, L. A. O vremeni, o li︠u︡di︠a︡kh, o sebe: Zapiski pervogo prezidenta Respubliki I︠U︡zhnai︠a︡ Osetii︠a︡. Ir, 2004.
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Mis, Melody S. The colony of Georgia: A primary source history. PowerKids Press, 2007.
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A primary source history of the Colony of Georgia. Rosen Central Primary Source, 2006.
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The Colony of Georgia: A Primary Source History (The Primary Source Library of the Thirteen Colonies and the Lost Colony). PowerKids Press, 2006.
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Winford, Brandon K. John Hervey Wheeler, Black Banking, and the Economic Struggle for Civil Rights. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813178257.001.0001.
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This work combines black business and civil rights history to explain how economic concerns shaped the goals and objectives of the black freedom struggle. Brandon K. Winford examines the “black business activism” of banker and civil rights lawyer John Hervey Wheeler (1908–1978). Born on the campus of Kittrell College in Vance County, North Carolina, he came of age in Jim Crow Atlanta, Georgia, where his father became an executive with the world-renowned North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company (NC Mutual). As president of Mechanics and Farmers Bank (M&F Bank), located on Durham’s “Black Wall Street,” Wheeler became the Tar Heel State’s most influential black power broker and among the top civil rights figures in the South. Winford places Wheeler at the center of his narrative to understand how black business leaders tackled civil rights while continuously pointing to the economy’s larger significance for the success and advancement of the postwar New South. In this way, Wheeler articulated a bold vision of regional prosperity, grounded in full citizenship and economic power for black people. He reminded the white South that its future was inextricably linked to the plight of black southerners. He spent his entire career trying to fulfill these ideals through his institutional and organizational affiliations, as part and parcel of his civil rights agenda. Winford draws on previously unexamined primary and secondary sources, including newspapers, business records, FBI reports, personal papers, financial statements, presidential files, legal documents, oral histories, and organizational and institutional records.
Book chapters on the topic "Georgian Primary Sources"
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Rapp, Stephen H. Jr. "Georgian Sources." In Byzantines and Crusaders in Non-Greek Sources, 1025-1204. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263785.003.0009.
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This chapter discusses Georgian sources, beginning with a section on contemporary narrative historical sources. Comments on their utility for prosopographical data are provided and described, followed by a synopsis of other relevant contemporary Georgian-language sources. The chapter ends with a discussion of the current state of historical scholarship in Georgian and comments on the scholarly researches that would be of primary interest to prosopographers.
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Governor, Donna, David Osmond, Sanghee Choi, April Nelms, and Max Vazquez-Dominguez. "Reshaping Preservice Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge With Primary Source Documents." In Open Educational Resources (OER) Pedagogy and Practices. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1200-5.ch008.
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The Authoritative Science Publications for Education Majors (ASPEM) project was a textbook transformation program for elementary and secondary science education majors developed at the University of North Georgia (UNG) in 2017. The primary goal of this project was to build a curriculum for pre-service science methods students utilizing online publications of the National Academies of Sciences through the National Academies Press (NAP) and other resources to completely replace a traditional text. This course redesign was necessitated by changes in state science standards, introduced at the same time, that were built on the instructional implications presented in the Framework for K-12 Science Education. Pre-service students in the methods course indicated that the use of these resources, in lieu of a traditional text, provided a richer learning experience for them.
Conference papers on the topic "Georgian Primary Sources"
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Osazuwa-Peters, Nosayaba, Betelihem B. Tobo, Rebecca M. Gordon, and Eric Adjei Boakye. "Abstract A52: Sociodemographic predictors of HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge and awareness among Americans who use the Internet as their primary source of health information." In Abstracts: Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; November 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, Georgia. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp15-a52.
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Wahid, Ali, Steven Munkeby, and Samuel Sambasivam. "Machine Learning-based Flu Forecasting Study Using the Official Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Twitter Data." In InSITE 2021: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4773.
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Aim/Purpose: In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) tracks the disease activity using data collected from medical practices on a weekly basis. Collection of data by CDC from medical practices on a weekly basis leads to a lag time of approximately 2 weeks before any viable action can be planned. The 2-week delay problem was addressed in the study by creating machine learning models to predict flu outbreak. Background: The 2-week delay problem was addressed in the study by correlation of the flu trends identified from Twitter data and official flu data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in combination with creating a machine learning model using both data sources to predict flu outbreak. Methodology: A quantitative correlational study was performed using a quasi-experimental design. Flu trends from the CDC portal and tweets with mention of flu and influenza from the state of Georgia were used over a period of 22 weeks from December 29, 2019 to May 30, 2020 for this study. Contribution: This research contributed to the body of knowledge by using a simple bag-of-word method for sentiment analysis followed by the combination of CDC and Twitter data to generate a flu prediction model with higher accuracy than using CDC data only. Findings: The study found that (a) there is no correlation between official flu data from CDC and tweets with mention of flu and (b) there is an improvement in the performance of a flu forecasting model based on a machine learning algorithm using both official flu data from CDC and tweets with mention of flu. Recommendations for Practitioners: In this study, it was found that there was no correlation between the official flu data from the CDC and the count of tweets with mention of flu, which is why tweets alone should be used with caution to predict a flu out-break. Based on the findings of this study, social media data can be used as an additional variable to improve the accuracy of flu prediction models. It is also found that fourth order polynomial and support vector regression models offered the best accuracy of flu prediction models. Recommendation's for Researchers: Open-source data, such as Twitter feed, can be mined for useful intelligence benefiting society. Machine learning-based prediction models can be improved by adding open-source data to the primary data set. Impact on Society: Key implication of this study for practitioners in the field were to use social media postings to identify neighborhoods and geographic locations affected by seasonal outbreak, such as influenza, which would help reduce the spread of the disease and ultimately lead to containment. Based on the findings of this study, social media data will help health authorities in detecting seasonal outbreaks earlier than just using official CDC channels of disease and illness reporting from physicians and labs thus, empowering health officials to plan their responses swiftly and allocate their resources optimally for the most affected areas. Future Research: A future researcher could use more complex deep learning algorithms, such as Artificial Neural Networks and Recurrent Neural Networks, to evaluate the accuracy of flu outbreak prediction models as compared to the regression models used in this study. A future researcher could apply other sentiment analysis techniques, such as natural language processing and deep learning techniques, to identify context-sensitive emotion, concept extraction, and sarcasm detection for the identification of self-reporting flu tweets. A future researcher could expand the scope by continuously collecting tweets on a public cloud and applying big data applications, such as Hadoop and MapReduce, to perform predictions using several months of historical data or even years for a larger geographical area. *** NOTE: This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 18, 63-81 At the bottom of this page, click DOWNLOAD PDF to download the published paper. ***