Academic literature on the topic 'Geostatistics. eng'

The climate system consists of interactions between physical, biological, chemical, and human processes across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Characterizing the behavior of components of this system is crucial for scientists and decision makers. There is substantial uncertainty associated with observations of this system as well as our understanding of various system components and their interaction. Thus, inference and prediction in climate science should accommodate uncertainty in order to facilitate the decision-making process. Statistical science is designed to provide the to

In this chapter we set the rationale for the analysis of regionalized compositions. Required definitions for nonregionalized compositions are extended to vector random functions and necessary concepts from the theory of regionalized variables are related to vector random functions that form a composition. In order to avoid continually repeating references to literature, the reader is referred especially to the works of Matheron (1971) and Aitchison (1986), on which the following developments are based. Here the exposition is very concise; its purpose is basically to introduce terminology and notation. Proofs analogous to those of the nonregionalized case are omitted, for the most part. In general they can be derived directly from the corresponding definitions. For concepts of matrix algebra required by this work, refer to Kemény (1984) and Golub and Van Loan (1989). There are many excellent textbooks that treat concepts of probability theory and multivariate statistics. We have used mainly the books by Fahrmeir and Hamerle (1984) and Krzanowski (1988), and others have served as complementary bibliography, e.g., Feller (1968), Kendall and Stuart (1979), Kendall et al. (1983), Kres (1983), Stuart and Ord (1987), Johnson et al. (1994), and Kotz et al. (2000). A similar situation holds for the foundations of univariate geostatistics; refer to David (1977), Journel and Huijbregts (1978), Rendu (1978), Clark (1979), Isaaks and Srivastava (1989), Samper-Calvete and Carrera-Ramírez (1990), Cressie (1991), Goovaerts (1997), Chilès and Delfiner (1999), and Olea (1999). Treatments of multivariate geostatistics are found in Matheron (1979), François-Bongarçon (1981), Carr et al. (1985), and Wackernagel (1998). We base our presentation mainly on Journel and Huijbregts (1978) and Deutsch and Journel (1998), but also on Myers (1982), in which the matrix formulation of cokriging is given. Geostatistical terminology conforms, as far as possible, to that found in the Geostatistical Glossary and Multilingual Dictionary, compiled by members of the 1984-1989 IAMG Committee on Geostatistics and edited by R. A. Olea (1991).

"Fractals" and "chaos" have become increasingly popular in geology; however, the use of "fractal" methods is mostly limited to simple cases of selfsimilarity, often taken as the prototype of a scaling property if not mistaken as equivalent to a fractal as such. Here; a few principles of fractal and chaos theory are clarified, an overview of geoscience applications is given, and possible pitfalls are discussed. An example from seafloor topography relates fractal dimension, self-similarity, and multifractal cascade scaling to traditional geostatistical and statistical concepts. While the seafloor has neither self-similar nor cascade scaling behavior, methods developed in the course of "fractal analysis" provide ways to quantitatively describe variability in spatial structures across scales arid yield geologically meaningful results. Upon hearing the slogan "the appleman reigns between order and chaos" in the early 1980's and seeing colorful computer-generated pictures, one was simply fascinated by the strangely beautiful figure of the "appleman" that, when viewed through a magnifying glass, has lots of parts that, are smaller, and smaller, and smaller applemen. The "appleman" is the recurrent feature of the Mandelbrot set, a self-similar fractal, and in a certain sense, the universal fractal (e.g., see Peitgen and Saupe, 1988, p. 195 ff.). Soon the realm of the appleman expanded, made possible by increasing availability of fast, cheap computer power and increasingly sophisticated computer graphics. In its first phase of popularity, when the Bremen working group traveled with their computer graphics display seeking public recognition through exhibits in the foyers of savings banks, the fractal was generally considered to be a contribution to modern art (Peitgen and Richter, The Beauty of Fractals, 1986). While the very title of Mandelbrot's famous book, The Fractal Geometry of Nature (1983), proclaims the discovery of the proper geometry to describe nature, long hidden by principals of Euclidean geometry, the "fractal" did not appeal to Earth scientists for well over two decades after its rediscovery by Mandelbrot (1964, 1965, 1967, 1974, 1975).

Geostatistics meets a growing interest for the remediation forecast of potentially contaminated sites, by providing adapted methods to perform both chemical and radiological pollution mapping, to estimate contaminated volumes, potentially integrating auxiliary information, and to set up adaptive sampling strategies. As part of demonstration studies carried out for GeoSiPol (Geostatistics for Polluted Sites), geostatistics has been applied for the detailed diagnosis of a former oil depot in France. The ability within the geostatistical framework to generate pessimistic / probable / optimistic s

Abstract The objective of this study is to improve understanding of the geostatistics of vertical (bed-normal) permeability (kz) and its influence on reservoir performance during CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and storage. kz is scrutinized far less often than horizontal permeability (kx, ky) in most geological and reservoir modeling. However, our work indicates that it is equally important to understand kz characteristics to better evaluate their influence on CO2 EOR and storage performance prediction. We conducted this study on about 9,000 whole-core triaxial permeability (kx, ky, kz) measu

The problem of site characterization is quite complex, especially for deep radiological contamination. This article illustrates the added value of the geostatistical processing on a real application case dealing with grounds of facilities partially dismantled at the end of the 1950s in Fontenay-aux-Roses CEA Center (France). 12 years ago, a first exploratory drill-hole confirmed the presence of a deep radiological contamination (more than 4m deep). More recently, 8 additional drill-holes failed to delineate the contamination extension. The integration of the former topography and other geologi