Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Géostatistique – Simulation, Méthodes de'
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Emery, Xavier. "Simulation conditionnelle de modèles isofactoriels." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001185.
Full textBailly, Jean-Stéphane. "Méthodes de spatialisation de réseaux arborescents et orientés par simulations conditionnelles : application aux réseaux de fossés des paysages viticoles." Montpellier 2, 2007. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01430767.
Full textArtificial drainage networks impact strongly cultivated landscapes hydrology. The improvement of hydrological tools and methods that aim to assess the hydrological impacts of those artificial networks is dependent to our capabilities to map these networks, i. E. Its directed tree architectures and its local characteristics, highly variable in space. This thesis develops stochastic methods that aim to map drainage networks. We first developed a geostatistical framework to simulate variabilities along directed trees. A method that simulate network architecture by linking network segments detected with LiDAR is secondly proposed. These developments simulate hydrographic networks in cultivated landscapes that are both conditioned by spatial sampling on networks and by the structure of the space that supports these simulations. These hydrographic networks conditional simulation methods are useful to complete scarce data and to asses hydrological model sensitivity to networks spatial structures
Nardo, Caseri Angélica. "Apport de la simulation conditionnelle géostatistique pour la prévision immédiate d'ensemble de pluies et l’alerte aux crues rapides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AGPT0002.
Full textEach year, flash floods, generated by small fast-responding catchments hit by intense rainfall, are responsible for huge human and economic losses. To mitigate these impacts, it is necessary to use forecasting systems combining meteorological and hydrological forecasts at small temporal and spatial scales. Because of the underlying difficulties, these systems have to be able to communicate the uncertainties of their forecasts. Uncertainties associated to observed or future rainfall are often seeing as those having the most important impact, in particularly in the case of flash floods localised on small areas.The main aim of this thesis is to study the potential of a geostatistical conditional simulation method to generate an ensemble of rainfall scenarios that can be used by a flash flood warning system. We seek to generate a reliable ensemble of rain fields by making the best use of the strengths of the measurements often available for nowcasting: the spatial and temporal properties of rainfall fields provided by the radar data and the rainfall intensities measured by rain gauges. In order to achieve our objectives, we use radar and rainfall data from 17 intense rainfall events observed in the Var region (south-east France) between 2009 and 2013.The first part of this thesis was devoted to taking into account the uncertainties on the observations of rainfall. For this purpose, the SAMPO-TBM generator developed at Irstea-Lyon is adapted to provide simulations of alternative rain fields to the observed radar rain field, while respecting the rainfall values observed by the rain gauges through a conditioned simulation. The evaluation of the generated fields shows that the method implemented is able to generate a reliable ensemble of rain fields and thus to propose a quantification of the uncertainties on the observed rain fields.In the second part of this thesis, the capacity of our method to be used for the nowcasting of rainfall is evaluated. Several methods are tested for the parameterization of the rainfall generator and for the adjustment of the outputs. These methods are evaluated by considering the main attributes of forecast quality, such as accuracy, reliability, precision, discrimination and overall forecast performance. The best method is the one estimating generator parameters over the last four hours, but also using only the last hour for the parameter related to the mean of the non-zero rainfall distribution, combined by the adjustment of the outputs based on the last forecast error.Finally, in the final part of this thesis, ensemble rainfall forecasts are used as inputs of the flash flood forecasting method AIGA developed at Irstea Aix-en-Provence. The AIGA method enables return period of the ongoing event to estimate at ungauged catchments. The 3th-7th November 2011 event in the Var region is used to illustrate the potential of our method. Nowcasting maps indicating, for different lead times and for the whole hydrological network of the region, the probability to exceed a given return period are produced. They are compared to the localization of observed damages collected from field surveys, illustrating a real interest for the real time crisis management
Carrizo, Vergara Ricardo. "Développement de modèles géostatistiques à l’aide d’équations aux dérivées partielles stochastiques." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM062/document.
Full textThis dissertation presents theoretical advances in the application of the Stochastic Partial Differential Equation (SPDE) approach in Geostatistics. This recently developed approach consists in interpreting a regionalised data-set as a realisation of a Random Field satisfying a SPDE. Within the theoretical framework of Generalized Random Fields, the influence of a linear SPDE over the covariance structure of its potential solutions can be studied with a great generality. A criterion of existence and uniqueness of stationary solutions for a wide-class of linear SPDEs has been obtained, together with an expression for the related spectral measures. These results allow to develop spatio-temporal covariance models presenting non-trivial properties through the analysis of evolution equations presenting a fractional temporal derivative order. Suitable parametrizations of such models allow to control their separability, symmetry and separated space-time regularities. Results concerning stationary solutions for physically inspired SPDEs such as the Heat equation and the Wave equation are also presented. A method of non-conditional simulation adapted to these models is then studied. This method is based on the computation of an approximation of the Fourier Transform of the field, and it can be implemented efficiently thanks to the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm. The convergence of this method has been theoretically proven in suitable weak and strong senses. This method is applied to numerically solve the SPDEs studied in this work. Illustrations of models presenting non-trivial properties and related to physically driven equations are then given
Felder, Jean. "Développement de méthodes de traitement d'images pour la détermination de paramètres variographiques locaux." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00681301.
Full textZaytsev, Victor. "Méthodes stochastiques pour la modélisation d'incertitudes sur les maillages non structurés." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM094/document.
Full textSimulations of physical phenomenon often require discretizing the medium with a mesh. An example of this type of simulation is the simulation of fluid flow through a porous medium and the evaluation of the geomechanical stress in the petroleum reservoir. The studied medium is often not homogeneous and applying a homogeneity hypothesis can lead to incorrect simulation results. That makes simulation of heterogeneities important for this kind of problems.This thesis is devoted to geostatistical simulations of heterogeneities on unstructured grids using methods of non-linear geostatistics. The objective of this work is the development of algorithms for simulating heterogeneities directly on unstructured grids without using intermediate fine scale regular grids and upscaling. We present two theoretical models for geostatistical simulations of continuous parameters on unstructured grids which are different generalizations of the Discrete Gaussian model (DGM) – DGM 1 and DGM 2. The proposed theoretical models enable converting the problem of geostatistical simulation on an unstructured grid into the well-studied problem of simulating multivariate Gaussian random vectors followed by application of block-dependent transformation functions. The problem of simulating facies is also addressed in this work, for which generalizations of pluri-Gaussian and truncated Gaussian simulation models for unstructured grids are proposed.An application of the proposed methods is demonstrated on a case study X, which is an offshore gas reservoir with a tartan-meshed grid
Rafiee, Ali. "Contribution à l'étude de la stabilité des massifs rocheux fracturés : caractérisation de la fracturation in situ, géostatistique et mécanique des milieux discrets." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00293695.
Full textRafiée, Ali. "Contribution à l’étude de la stabilité des massifs rocheux fracturés : caractérisation de la fracturation in situ, géostatistique et mécanique des milieux discrets." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20037.
Full textThe numerical simulation is an essential tool for a better understanding of phenomena that occur within discrete environments, in particular in the fractured rock mass. This study aims to investigate the mechanical and dynamic behaviour of rock masses using discrete models in which surveyed data for orientation and inter-fracture spacing are introduced into the model in a stochastic way. For the generation of a jointed rock mass model, algorithms based on statistical and geostatistical methods are developed. The mechanical behaviour of academic models and real masonry structures is studied using the Not Smooth Contact Dynamics (NSCD) method. The dynamic behaviour, during seismic loading, of masonry structures such as the historic monuments of Nîmes amphitheatre and Arles aqueduct are studied, in real scale, in two and three dimensions. The models of fractured rock masses generated from case studies are analyzed with two objectives: the study of the stability of rock slopes and the design of underground structures by the NSCD method, using the LMGC90 code. The stability of these models is investigated in two and three dimensions. The tests performed on these models are used to make recommendations for the installation of support systems, where necessary. They also allow the distinction of the fracture sets playing a critical role in the instability of these masses. The modelling of protection systems, such as rock bolting and cable nets, is then addressed as a possible development of our work
Loubier, Jean-Christophe. "Perception et simulation des effets du changement climatique sur l'économie du ski et la biodiversité." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006990.
Full textAug, Christophe. "Modélisation géologique 3D et caractérisation des incertitudes par la méthode du champ de potentiel." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001077.
Full textToma, Alexandru Călin. "Variabilité spatio-temporelle des champs précipitants et application aux méthodes d'estimation." ENSMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0612.
Full textRainfall estimates at different space and time scales are needed as inputs for hydrological or agricultural models. The time steps at which the estimates are needed varies from ten minutes (in urban hydrology or small mountaineous basins) to days or even weeks (agricultural purposes). The space resolution at which the estimates are needed may vary from some hectares to hundreds of square kilometers. Our work focused on the quantification of the statistical space-time structure of rainfall for geostatistical estimation. The main original result exposed in this dissertation is a space-time covariance model for small time steps. This model uses a mobile coordinate system-the Lagrangian system. Space-time kriging performed using this model is shown to yield better results than classical space kriging for time steps of the order of 5 to 15 minutes. Operational application of the model and future research directions are discussed. We also present some reflexions on two other practical problems. The first one is the choice of stationarity hypotheses as function of the time step. The second one concerns the quantitative comparison of estimation methods
Moulière, Dominique. "Intégration d'informations sismiques pour la simulation de réservoirs." ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0770.
Full textWackernagel, Hans. "Géostatistique et assimilation séquentielle de données." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542362.
Full textBenazzouz, Mohammed Said. "Étude comparative entre la géostatistique et les méthodes déterministes pour la cartographie des types de sols." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20053.
Full textGeraets, David. "Modélisation géostatistique de champs de vitesse géophysique en exploration petrolière." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1103.
Full textOuld, Isselmou Yahya. "Interpolation de niveaux d'exposition aux émissions radioélectriques in situ à l'aide de méthodes géostatistiques." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003423.
Full textXu, Shan. "Caractérisation de l’environnement karstique de la grotte de Lascaux par couplage de méthodes géophysique, statistique et géostatistique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0244/document.
Full textThe Lascaux cave, one of the most important prehistoric caves in the world, located in Dordogne (24, France) needs particular attention both for itself and for the environment interms of conservation and vulnerability since its discovery. Geophysical methods in particular Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) enable us, in a non-invasive way, to monitor the karsticenvironment.A Time-Lapse monitoring by ERT was carried out next to the cave. Together with analysis of the local effective rainfall (ground water recharge) and the flow in the cave, the monitoringhelped us to identify an area where upstream underground water is probably stored e.g. arecharge zone. There is a large electrical contrast between the surrounding limestone and theprobable recharge zone. Then, a multivariate analysis through the resistivity values allowed usto characterize the model blocks, showing a specific behavior over time, especially the blockswith the lowest electrical resistivity. A prediction model of the flow in relation with the recharge zone succeeded to predict the beginning and the end of flow, even the daily event withextremely high value of flow.In order to visualize the environment in 3D condition, a geostatistical modelling was then applied to the resistivity values. The geostatistical models can emphasize the limit betweenthe limestone promontory and the clayey/sandy formations to the east/west part of the site. In the limestone promontory, the models also showed the possible connection between theanomalous conductive areas that may have a special consequence in this karstic environment.The Time-Lapse monitoring by ERT allows us to understand the karstic structures andrecharge phenomena. The 3D geostatistical modeling showed efficiency for the characterization of the cave environment. Those results can help to provide advices for the cave preservation
Royer, Jean-Jacques. "Analyse multivariable et filtrage des données régionalisées." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10312.
Full textSchaub, François. "Estimation géostatistique de l'impédance acoustique après migration prestack en profondeur." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002987.
Full textMuñoz-Pardo, José Francisco. "Approche géostatique de la variabilité spatiale des milieux géophysiques : application à l'échantillonnage de phénomènes bidimensionnels par simulation d'une fonction aléatoire." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10021.
Full textShtuka, Arben. "Simulation, traitement et visualisation des images numériques : apport du codage par indicatrice en géostatistique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL139N.
Full textMezghache, Hamid. "Cartographie automatique et interprétation géostatistique d'une campagne de prospection géochimique sur sol : application à la zone mercurielle nord-numidique (Algérie)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10437.
Full textSchuhler, Estelle. "Apport de la géostatistique aux modèles probabilistes de la finance." ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0855.
Full textMangapi, Augustin Assonga. "Krigeage et cokrigeage, méthodes d’interpolation spatiale pour les systèmes d’information géographique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7880.
Full textPoncet, Philippe. "Méthodes particulaires pour la simulation des sillages tridimensionnels." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004699.
Full textXiao, Yi-Jun. "Contribution aux méthodes arithmétiques pour la simulation accélérée." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENPC9031.
Full textViseur, Sophie. "Simulation stochastique basée-objet de chenaux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL036N.
Full textStoltz, Gabriel. "Quelques méthodes mathématiques pour la simulation moléculaire et multiéchelle." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00166728.
Full textOuld, Salihi Mohamed Lemine. "Couplage de méthodes numériques en simulation directe d'écoulements incompressibles." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004901.
Full textStoltz, Gabriel. "Quelques méthodes mathématiques pour la simulation moleculaire et multiéchelle." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENPC0708.
Full textThis work presents some contributions to the theoretical and numerical study of models used in practice in the field of molecular simulation. In particular, stochastic techniques to compute more efficiently ensemble averages in the field of computational statistical physics are presented and analyzed. An important application is the computation of free energy differences using nonequilibrium or adaptive dynamics. Some stochastic or deterministic techniques to solve approximately the Schrödinger ground state problem for high dimensional systems are also studied. Finally, some reduced models for shock and detonation waves, relying on an average stochastic dynamics reproducing in a mean sense the high dimensional deterministic hamiltonian dynamics, are proposed
Gillyboeuf, Jean-Philippe. "Diverses méthodes chimère pour la simulation numérique d'écoulements stationnaires." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT127H.
Full textPapadopoulos, Christos. "Méthodes de simulation stochastiques rapides et applications en fiabilité." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1213.
Full textMinvielle-Larrousse, Pierre. "Méthodes de simulation stochastique pour le traitement de l’information." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3005.
Full textWhen a quantity of interest is not directly observed, it is usual to observe other quantities that are linked by physical laws. They can provide information about the quantity of interest if it is able to solve the inverse problem, often ill posed, and infer the value. Bayesian inference is a powerful tool for inversion that requires the computation of high dimensional integrals. Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods, a.k.a. interacting particles methods, are a type of Monte Carlo methods that are able to sample from a sequence of probability densities of growing dimension. They are many applications, for instance in filtering, in global optimization or rare event simulation.The work has focused in particular on the extension of SMC methods in a dynamic context where the system, governed by a hidden Markov process, is also determined by static parameters that we seek to estimate. In sequential Bayesian estimation, the determination of fixed parameters causes particular difficulties: such a process is non-ergodic, the system not forgetting its initial conditions. It is shown how it is possible to overcome these difficulties in an application of tracking and identification of geometric shapes by CCD digital camera. Markov Monte Carlo Chain (MCMC) sampling steps are introduced to diversify the samples without altering the posterior distribution. For another material control application, which mixes static and dynamic parameters, we proposed an original offline approach. It consists of a Particle Marginal Metropolis-Hastings (PMMH) algorithm that integrates Rao-Blackwellized SMC, based on a bank of interacting Ensemble Kalman filters.Other information processing works has been conducted: particle filtering for atmospheric reentry vehicle tracking, 3D radar imaging by sparse regularization and image registration by mutual information
Jouves, Johan. "Origine, caractérisation et distribution prédictive des structures karstiques : de la karstologie aux modèles numériques 3D." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0153/document.
Full textKarst networks are hierarchically organized and behave as drains for underground fluid flows. However, the humanly observed karst conduits represent only a limited part of the complete karst conduit system, and overall knowledge remains limited. Geostatistical stochastic simulations represent an interesting tool to study the different three-dimensional (3D) probable configurations of karst networks and then, to determine the uncertainties on the reservoir behaviors. This approach first requires understanding the successive stages of karst structuring of a reservoir and then to numerically reconstruct the 3D organization of karst structures. From karstological determinations, it is possible to identify the morphogenesis of the exo- and endokarst forms and to reconstitute the speleogenetic evolution of a massif (epigenic or hypogenic speleogenesis, evolution of the basic level, etc.). The speleogenetic reconstitutions then make it possible to identify the successive phases of the karst system structuration (epigenic or hypogenic speleogenesis, evolution of base level, etc.). In parallel, a quantitative analysis of the geometries and the topologies performed on 3D cave surveys permits to compare the different organizations of the karst network patterns, related to speleogenetic processes. This morphometric analysis provides a quantitative database of morphological characteristics according to their speleogenetic processes. Finally, two geostatistical approaches were tested to generate karst networks. They correspond to two classical pixel-based geostatistical methods: the sequential indicator simulation (SIS) and the multipoint simulations (MPS)
Demangeot, Marine. "L'analyse spatiale des extrêmes à partir d'une unique réalisation : un point de vue géostatistique." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM032.
Full textSpatial extreme value theory helps model and predict the frequency of extreme events in a spatial context like, for instance, extreme precipitations, extreme temperatures. It is well adapted to time series. However, in some cases, such types of data cannot be accessed: only one or just a few records are made available. This is the case, for instance in soil contamination evaluation. This situation is rarely addressed in the spatial extremes community, contrary to Geostatistics,which typically deals with such issues. The aim of this thesis is to make some connections between both disciplines,in order to better handle the study of spatial extreme events, and especially their spatial dependence structure, when having only one set of spatial observations. A link is first established through the concept of integral range. It is a geostatistical parameter that characterizes the statistical fluctuations of a stationary random field at large scale. When the latter is max-stable, we show that its extremal coefficient function (ECF), which is a measure of spatial dependence, is closely related to the integral range of the corresponding exceedance field above a threshold. From this, we move toproposing a new nonparametric estimator of the ECF. Its asymptotic properties are derived when it is computed from a single and partially observed realization of a stationary max-stable random field. Specifically, under some assumptions on the aforementioned integral range, we prove that it is consistent and asymptotically normal. Finally, we develop a novel algorithm to perform exact simulations in a continuous domain of storm processes with deterministic shape function. It distinguishes itself from most existing procedures, which apply to simulation domains made of a finite number of points. Most part of the algorithm are designed to be parallelizable
Zerkoune, Abbas. "Modélisation de l'incertitude géologique par simulation stochastique de cubes de proportions de faciès - Application aux réservoirs pétroliers de type carbonaté ou silico-clastique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00410136.
Full textDemogeot, Thierry. "Développement de l'environnement de simulation Gaspe." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL064N.
Full textBonithon, Gaël. "Méthodes numériques innovantes pour la simulation thermique de composants électroniques." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00547880.
Full textApraez, Camilo. "Étude comparative de méthodes de simulation de la stabilité transitoire." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1000/1/APRAEZ_Camilo.pdf.
Full textSilva, lopes Laura. "Méthodes numériques pour la simulation d'évènements rares en dynamique moléculaire." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1045.
Full textIn stochastic dynamical systems, such as those encountered in molecular dynamics, rare events naturally appear as events due to some low probability stochastic fluctuations. Examples of rare events in our everyday life includes earthquakes and major floods. In chemistry, protein folding, ligandunbinding from a protein cavity and opening or closing of channels in cell membranes are examples of rare events. Simulation of rare events has been an important field of research in biophysics over the past thirty years.The events of interest in molecular dynamics generally involve transitions between metastable states, which are regions of the phase space where the system tends to stay trapped. These transitions are rare, making the use of a naive, direct Monte Carlo method computationally impracticable. To dealwith this difficulty, sampling methods have been developed to efficiently simulate rare events. Among them are splitting methods, that consists in dividing the rare event of interest into successive nested more likely events.Adaptive Multilevel Splitting (AMS) is a splitting method in which the positions of the intermediate interfaces, used to split reactive trajectories, are adapted on the fly. The surfaces are defined suchthat the probability of transition between them is constant, which minimizes the variance of the rare event probability estimator. AMS is a robust method that requires a small quantity of user defined parameters, and is therefore easy to use.This thesis focuses on the application of the adaptive multilevel splitting method to molecular dynamics. Two kinds of systems are studied. The first one contains simple models that allowed us to improve the way AMS is used. The second one contains more realistic and challenging systems, where AMS isused to get better understanding of the molecular mechanisms. Hence, the contributions of this thesis include both methodological and numerical results.We first validate the AMS method by applying it to the paradigmatic alanine dipeptide conformational change. We then propose a new technique combining AMS and importance sampling to efficiently sample the initial conditions ensemble when using AMS to obtain the transition time. This is validatedon a simple one dimensional problem, and our results show its potential for applications in complex multidimensional systems. A new way to identify reaction mechanisms is also proposed in this thesis.It consists in performing clustering techniques over the reactive trajectories ensemble generated by the AMS method.The implementation of the AMS method for NAMD has been improved during this thesis work. In particular, this manuscript includes a tutorial on how to use AMS on NAMD. The use of the AMS method allowed us to study two complex molecular systems. The first consists in the analysis of the influence of the water model (TIP3P and TIP4P/2005) on the β -cyclodextrin and ligand unbinding process. In the second, we apply the AMS method to sample unbinding trajectories of a ligand from the N-terminal domain of the Hsp90 protein
Agouzoul, Asmaâ. "Nouvelles méthodes numériques pour la simulation de l’impression 3D métallique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0004.
Full textSelective Laser Melting offers new perspectives in terms of part design and simplification of complex assemblies. However, severe thermo-mechanical conditions arise and are responsible for local plastic deformation, residual stresses and distortion of the manufactured component. Numerical simulation is an interesting tool for process understanding the physical phenomena and their impact on the quality of the part. In this thesis, we propose different approaches to perform simulations at a lower cost, by using model reduction algorithms. The results are compared with those obtained by the finite element method. A reverse analysis in order to identify the inherent strain responsible for the measured elastic springback makes possible to build offline numerical abacus. Therefore, we use a multi-parametric reduced order model using the so called Proper Generalised Decomposition (PGD) to construct this abacus. We also explore the benefits of an implementation of PGD on GPU
El, Haddad Rami. "Méthodes quasi-Monte Carlo de simulation des chaînes de Markov." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS062.
Full textMonte Carlo (MC) methods are probabilistic methods based on the use of random numbers in repeated simulations to estimate some parameter. Their deterministic versions are called Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. The idea is to replace pseudo-random points by deterministic quasi-random points (also known as low-discrepancy point sets or sequences). In this work, we propose and analyze QMC-based algorithms for the simulation of multidimensional Markov chains. The quasi-random points we use are (T,S)-sequences in base B. After recalling the principles of MC and QMC methods and their main properties, we introduce some plain financial models, to serve in the following as numerical examples to test the convergence of the proposed schemes. We focus on problems where the exact solution is known, in order to be able to compute the error and to compare the efficiency of the various schemes In a first part, we consider discrete-time Markov chains with S-dimensional state spaces. We propose an iterative QMC scheme for approximating the distribution of the chain at any time. The scheme uses a (T,S+1)-sequence in base b for the transitions. Additionally, one needs to re-order the copies of the chain according to their successive components at each time-step. We study the convergence of the scheme by making some assumptions on the transition matrix. We assess the accuracy of the QMC algorithm through financial examples. The results show that the new technique is more efficient than the traditional MC approach. Then, we propose a QMC algorithm for the simulation of Markov chains with multidimensional continuous state spaces. The method uses the same re-ordering step as in the discrete setting. We provide convergence results in the case of one dimensional chains and then in the case of multidimensional chains, by making additional assumptions. We illustrate the convergence of the algorithm through numerical experiments. The results show that the new method converges faster than the MC algorithm. In the last part, we consider the problem of the diffusion equation in a spatially nonhomogeneous medium. We use a random walk algorithm, in conjunction with a correction of the Gaussian Steplength. We write a QMC variant of the algorithm, by adapting the principles seen for the simulation of the Markov chains. We test the method in dimensions 1, 2 and 3 on a problem involving the diffusion of calcium ions in a biological medium. In all the simulations, the results of QMC computations show a strong improvement over MC outcomes. Finally, we give some perspectives and directions for future work
MAHMOUD, AHMAD. "Simulation numérique d'écoulements par des méthodes de transformation de domaines." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0102.
Full textSaleh, Susi. "Méthodes de simulation des erreurs transitoires à plusieurs niveaux d'abstraction." Grenoble INPG, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009587.
Full textThe nowadays miniaturization of the electronic components increases considerably the sensitivity of the integrated circuits face to transient faults (SEU) or (SET). The analysis of the transient faults sensitivity for combinational logic and sequential circuits is an essential task today. The analytical methods based on probabilistic calculation of the generation of transient pulses SET or SEU, and of the propagation and the transformation of these transients faults into errors, published in the literature are not complete because a certain number of parameters are not taken into account. In this thesis, we propose a fast and accurate multi levels methodology to simulate transient faults. This methodology is a collection of simulation methods, a method for each level of abstraction (physical level, transistor level, and gate level). At the physical level, we use a physical simulation at the components level for any elementary logical gates which consists in the characterization of each type of transistor of a given technology face of SET by taking into account several parameter (the energy or the LET of the particle, the angle of incidence, the impact localization and the dimensions of the transistors where the particle strike occurs). After this characterization, a family of current curves is obtained for each transistor and a domain of the current amplitude values and the current pulses duration is established. The transformation of the current pulse obtained at the physical level into voltage pulses is done by electrical simulations by taking into account the output impedance of each gate. A family of transient voltage pulse curves is also established for each gate. Furthermore, a logical pulse model is defined for these pulses which will be then used in a numerical simulations, which are much faster, and which are finally used in the sensitivity analysis phase for complex circuit. The results of this analysis are used in order to realize a cartography of a complex circuit sensitivity which allow us to determine the most significant zones of a studied circuit and, if required, to decide a hardening solution of the sensitive gates
Labeau, Pierre-Etienne. "Méthodes semi-analytiques et outils de simulation en dynamique probabiliste." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212439.
Full textNavarro, Barragan Alberto. "Etude d'un procédé de séparation chromatographique en continu : modélisation et mise en oeuvre d'un séparateur à trois sorties fonctionnant en simulation de lit mobile." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT040G.
Full textLucas, Philippe. "Modélisation et simulation du régime transitoire d'unités de séparation d'un procédé chimique avec leur système de régulation : Application à la conduite d'un atelier industriel." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ECAP0083.
Full textTruong, Xuan Viet. "Optimization by Simulation of an Environmental Surveillance Network : application to the Fight against Rice Pests in the Mekong Delta (Vietnam)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066278/document.
Full textAn efficient surveillance network is an invaluable tool to monitor and assess the different states of a given ecosystem. With the information collected by such a network, predictions can be generated using thorough spatio-temporal analyses, which can then support decision makers and stakeholders. Human dominated ecosystems are highly dynamic and complex , where most of the observed variables have mutual non-linear interactions. In addition, the human activities have a considerable impact on almost all ecosystems they inhabit, where they tend to disrupt the ecological balance in short period of times. The surveillance of such ecosystems by different technical solutions is complex and dynamic where designing an “optimal” surveillance network, i.e., a network that would reflect an almost realtime situation of an ecosystem. Often traditional optimization techniques fail to reflect the evolutions of the reality associated with these ecosystems.An example of such a situation, is the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam, where the provincial agricultural managers are concerned with the regular invasions of Brown Plant Hoppers (BPH), a particularly active rice pest, because of the diseases they carry and transmit to the rice yields. Their biggest concern is having a constantly accurate account of the current distribution of BPH waves, since it is the basis of establishing different prevention strategies. The time frame is short for applying these strategies: at least one week is needed between the moment where a prediction of the density of BPH can be estimated by the experts and warnings are sent to farmers and other end users and the moment where a strategy can be efficiently applied. To improve the efficiency of the system, the Vietnamese government has established a light-trap network [1] [2] that can capture multiple kinds of insects, especially BPH, and which data (the density of insects per trap) is collected and analyzed daily. Maintaining this network in a good state of operation has become an important national program of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam since 2006. Although the current light-trap network is considered as a necessity for supporting the fight against various plant pests, it has three restrictions: (1) it misses detailed accounts on the life cycle of the BPH, (2) the network has remained stable since its initial design and has not, therefore, completely adapted to the huge changes that the ecosystem of the Mekong Delta has undergone in the recent years especially due to limitations in management, and (3) the network itself is very sparsely distributed
Dubos, Samuel. "Simulation des grandes échelles d'écoulements turbulents supersoniques." Rouen, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAM0007.
Full textGabriel, Edith. "Détection de zones de changement abrupt dans des données spatiales et application à l'agriculture de précision." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20107.
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